GLOBAL INTERSTATE SYSTEM: THE MAKING OF  ARAB NATION

THE MODERN WORLD - Arab Nation is composed of

different Middle-Eastern and
ATTRIBUTES OF THE MODERN GLOBAL SYSTEM
North African Countries who
1. Self-governing states or countries share the same language and
religion.
State refers to a community of persons  JAPAN AS NATION
permanently occupying a definite - Japanese culture is distinct and
portion of territory, independent from is widely embraced in the
external control, and possessing an whole country.
organized government to which a great
body of inhabitants renders habitual  State is legal and political entity
obedience. founded on common authority and
loyalty to the government and the
ELEMENTS OF STATE whole polity.

1. POPULATION It does not matter whether the people

may have different languages or diverse
2. TERRITORY
culture so long as the people recognizes
3. GOVERNMENT the legitimacy and sovereignty of the
state.
4. SOVEREIGNTY
 CHINA AS STATE
 EXTERNAL SOVEREIGNTY - China may not call itself a
- “independent from external Nation as it is composed of
control” diverse cultures and linguistic
- Autonomy and non- groups.
interference
 INTERNAL SOVEREIGNTY The United Kingdom of Great Britain and
- “Great deal of population Northern Island is composed of four nations:
renders habitual obedience” England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland.
- Supreme authority to govern. THEREFORE, UK is not a nation but a state.

NATION vs STATE However, many states tries to unite people by

creating a new national identity. In this case,
 Nation is a cultural and especially a the “Britishness” of Welsh, Scottish, English and
linguistic grouping of people who feel also Irish  Successful integration of different
that they belong together. It is based on nations under a state can be referred as
a “sense of belongingness” founded on NATION-STATE.
commonality or shared history, culture
and languages.
 2. Interaction of states primarily through 3. Presence of International Organization
diplomacy to facilitate interactions

Diplomacy is the relations of one state with International Organizations are

another through well-trained representatives established by the states themselves to
known as diplomats and ambassadors usually to provide an avenue in discussing issues
promote and possibly arrive on common that concerns them, and which requires
interests on social, political and economic a collective effort to solve and/or
respects. pursue.

Examples are – United Nations,

Association of Southeast Asian
Nations, European Union etc.

4. International Organizations
not only as a facilitator of
interactions but a dynamic
independent actor in the
system

International Organizations are

not just a platform for
discussing state interests, it
PURPOSE OF DIPLOMATIC MISSION
also exercise a great degree of
1. Form of recognition that one state independence in pursuing its own
recognizes the sovereignty of another agenda and advocacy with its own
state. structures and decision-making body.
2. To monitor the current affairs of the
state.
3. To promote economic, political and
social interest of the home country.
4. To attend the needs and concern of the
overseas citizen of the home country.

TWO FORMS OF DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS

1. Bilateralism
A DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS WHICH
INCLUDE TWO STATES.
2. Multilateralism
A DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS WHICH
INVOLVES THREE OR MORE STATES
USUALLY FACILITATED BY AN
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION
 Protestant Reformation (1517)

ORIGIN OF NATION-STATES  The key figure in the Protestant

Reformation is Martin Luther, who in
WHAT IS THE RATIONALE BEHIND THE 1517 posted his Ninety-Five Thesis on a
ESTABLISHMENT OF A STATE? Catholic Church as a sign of protest.
According to Thomas Hobbes, without a higher  The idea of Protestantism appealed to
authority humans are in a LAW OF JUNGLE – many Kings and Queens due to their
where life is “solitary, poor, nasty, brutish and own political interests.
short.”
 Kings and Queens resist the political
Under the Law of the Jungle, its either you are power of the Catholic Church over
prey or the predator. You can’t trust anyone them.
except yourself, with self-preservation as your
utmost priority.  By mid-1600s, most North Europeans
were Protestant, most in South
According to Thomas Hobbes, there is an Europeans were Catholic.
alternative to the perpetual state of
uncertainty and distrust under the Law of the WAR OF RELIGIONS (1618) 30 YEARS
Jungle.
 Rulers used religion to unite their
 Humans enter in what we call as people
“SOCIAL CONTRACT” – in which humans
become part of a human social group,  Country’s subjects is expected to
practice the ruler’s faith.
which he/she agrees to give up some of
his privileges and freedom to a central  Under Elizabeth I, England became the
authority. leading Protestant Power in Europe.
 Hobbes calls this the Leviathan, or an  Spain Was Leading the Catholic power
overarching ruler that exercise this time.
sovereignty over its people with the
purpose of maintaining peace and TREATY OF WESTPHALIA (1648)
order.
 PEACE OF WESTPHALIA

 European states regarded each other as

equal

 They mutually recognized their

rights to organize their own
domestic affairs, including religion.

 The treaty established the era of

sovereign states.
INTERNATIONAL LAW

The rise of sovereign states led to

heightened interaction between various
sovereign states, particularly the desire
for greater cooperation and unity
among states and peoples. This desire is
called Internationalism

One of the major manifestation of

Internationalism is the creation of
International Law. Major advocate,
Jeremy Bentham believe that
International Law would govern the
inter-state relations.