THE TEN GRADE – REINFORCEMENT- “ACTIVITY N°1”

PRESENT PERFECT: IRREGULAR PAST PARTICIPLES

To make the present perfect, you need to use HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE. The past
participles of most verbs are formed using -ED, but some common verbs have unusual
past participles. In this exercise, you can test your knowledge of irregular past
participles.
1. Run: Jan's out of breath because she's ______ all the way from the bus terminal.
A.   ?     ran
B.   ?     run
C.   ?     runnen
2. Bring: Duncan's here, and he's ______ some sandwiches!
A.   ?     brung
B.   ?     brought
C.   ?     braught
3. Feel: I've never ______ so good!
A.   ?     felt
B.   ?     fold
C.   ?     feelen
4. Swim: She's never ______ in the sea before.
A.   ?     swum
B.   ?     swam
C.   ?     swim
5. Begin: We're late -- the game has already ______.
A.   ?     begin
B.   ?     begun
C.   ?     began
6. Drink: It's so hot that I've ______ five cans of Coke already this afternoon.
A.   ?     drunken
B.   ?     drank
C.   ?     drunk
7. Fall: The price of oil has ______ rapidly since January.
A.   ?     fallen
B.   ?     felt
C.   ?     fell
8. Choose: She's getting married in a week, and she hasn't ______ her dress yet.
A.   ?     choosen
B.   ?     chosen
C.   ?     chose
9. Show: Stewart hasn't ______ up yet. He must have been delayed.
A.   ?     shown
B.   ?     shew
C.   ?     showed
10. Break: Shelley can't go skiing any more. She has ______ her leg.
A.   ?     breaken
B.   ?     broke
 C.   ?     broken
11. Lose: I've ______ my grammar book. Have you seen it?
A.   ?     lost
B.   ?     loose
C.   ?     losen
12. Write: How many pages have you ______ for your homework?
A.   ?     wrote
B.   ?     writen
C.   ?     written
13. Steal: Someone has ______ my bicycle!
A.   ?     stelt
B.   ?     stole
C.   ?     stolen
14. Sell: Have you ______ your car yet?
A.   ?     sold
B.   ?     sellen
C.   ?     sole
15. Sleep: I was so exhausted after the exam that I ______ for twelve hours.
A.   ?     slept
B.   ?     sleeped
C.   ?     sleep
16. Teach: Gerry has ______ English at UVic for many years.
A.   ?     tought
B.   ?     taught
C.   ?     teach
17. Put: I found your grammar book under the table. I've ______ it away on the
bookshelf.
A.   ?     putten
B.   ?     pought
C.   ?     put
18. Hear: Have you ______ about the accident?
A.   ?     heard
B.   ?     heared
C.   ?     hearn
19. Eat: You've ______ my lunch! How dare you!
A.   ?     aten
B.   ?     ate
C.   ?     eaten
20. Become: In the last few years, it has ______ more and more difficult to get into
college.
A.   ?     becume
B.   ?     become
C.   ?     became
 CREATING THE CORRECT FORM- “ACTIVIY N°2”

In this exercise, you will need to type correct sentences based on the prompts. There are
two things to think about: first, you will have to get the form of the PRESENT
PERFECT correct, and second, you will need to decide whether to use "FOR" OR
"SINCE" with the time expression.

1. I / live / here / five years

2. Fred / be / pilot / 1992

3. We / know / each other / childhood

4. Ten years / Mayumi and Yoko / work / in the same office

5. I / want / play / professional hockey / I was four

 “PAST PERFECT – “ACTIVITY N°3”

In this short exercise, you will practise recognizing the correct form of the past perfect
tense.

1. What is the correct past perfect form of "We visit Paris"?

A.   ?     We'd visited Paris.
B.   ?     We'd visiting Paris.
C.   ?     We've visited Paris.
D.   ?     We'd visit Paris.
2. What is the correct past perfect form of "We can rent a car"?
A.   ?     We could rent a car.
B.   ?     We 'd rent a car.
C.   ?     We had been able to rent a car.
D.   ?     We had rented a car.
3. What is the correct past perfect form of "She makes some delicious cookies"?
A.   ?     She has made some delicious cookies.
B.   ?     She made some delicious cookies.
C.   ?     She had make some delicious cookies.
D.   ?     She had made some delicious cookies.
4. What is the correct past perfect form of "It is hot"?
A.   ?     It had hot.
B.   ?     It had be hot.
C.   ?     It was hot.
D.   ?     It had been hot.
5. What is the correct past perfect form of "I do the laundry"?
A.   ?     I have done the laundry.
B.   ?     I did the laundry.
C.   ?     I had did the laundry.
D.   ?     I had done the laundry.
 “FUTURE PERFECT – ACTIVITY N°4”

IT TESTS WHAT YOU LEARNED ON THE FUTURE PERFECT.

1. I ________ by then.

  will be leave
  will have left
  will leaving

2. Will you ________ by 8am?

  have arrived
  be arrive
  have arriving

3. You ________ the bill by the time the item arrives.

  'll have received

  will receiving
  've received

4. Melissa and Mike will be exhausted. They ________ slept for 24 hours.

  will not
  will not have
  will not be

5. He will have ________ all about it by Monday.

  forgetting
  forgotten
  be forgetting

6. Will you ________ the contracts by Thursday?

   have mailed
  mailing
  to have mailed

7. The boss ________ by the time the orders come in.

  will leave
  will be left
  will have left

8. Where ________ gone?

  will she have

  is she has
  she have

9. September works for us. Lisa will not ________ by then.

  graduating
  have graduated
  be graduate

10. I will let you in. I ________ with the keys by the time you come in.

  will have arrived

  will be arrival
  will be arrived

Modals of Certainty in the Present

You can use  modal auxiliaries  with the base forms of verbs to convey ideas of
necessity, obligation, politeness, possibility and probability. Modals have only one
form, so they are never spelled with an -s.

Must, could, might, may, couldn’t and can’t  are used to show how possible or
probable the speaker thinks a present situation is. Using “must” conveys a strong
feeling of certainty; nevertheless, there is still some doubt in the speaker’s mind.
Could, may and might  show that a speaker is 50% or less certain about a present
situation.

By using  couldn’t and can’t, a speaker shows that he believes a situation is very
unlikely or impossible.  Must not  also conveys a strong feeling that something is
not probable nor possible. However, unlike  couldn’t  and  can’t, which are
normally contracted,  must not  is usually written as two words.

Correct:  You just ate three hamburgers, an order of large fries and dessert.
You  can’t  still be hungry.
Incorrect:  You just ate three hamburgers, an order of large fries and dessert.
You  mustn’t  still be hungry.

May not and might not  convey the idea that a speaker is 50% or less certain that a
situation is not possible or probable. They are not normally used in their
contracted forms.

Correct:  They are late. They  might not  know the way here.
Incorrect:  They are late. They  mightn’t  know the way here.

Might and could  are used in questions regarding the possibility or probability of
present situations. However, may and must are not.

Correct:  Could Tom be in class now?

Incorrect:  May Tom be in class now?

For most short answers, a modal alone is used. However, if the question includes
a  be  verb, a modal with  be  is required.

Person A:  Is  Stephanie coming over tonight?

Person B: I’m not sure. She  might be.
Person C: Does Rachel like spicy food?
Person D: I don’t know. She  might.

Do not confuse  may be  and  maybe. “May be” (two words) is a modal, whereas
“maybe” (one word) is an adverb.

Maybe  I will go to bed early tonight.

 Example: I  may be  late getting home tonight.

“MODALS OF CERTAINTY IN THE PRESENT – ACTIVITY N°5”

CHOOSE THE CORRECT MODAL TO COMPLETE THE SENTENCE.

1. I wonder why Mary and Fred are late. They ___________ know how to get here.
A.   ?     maybe not
B.   ?     might not
C.   ?     don't
D.   ?     aren't
2. Bob usually drives his car to work, but today he got on the bus. Something
_______________ wrong with his car.
A.   ?     must be
B.   ?     couldn't be
C.   ?     might be
D.   ?     is
3. Tom is wearing a Vancouver Canucks T-shirt. He ______________ a Canucks
fan.
A.   ?     is
B.   ?     must be
C.   ?     can't be
D.   ?     maybe
4. Sam is usually very friendly, but he hasn't smiled at all today. He
______________ worried about something.
A.   ?     might have been
B.   ?     might be
C.   ?     is
D.   ?     must be
5. Glen's wife is Japanese. There is a picture of a Japanese woman on his desk.
That ____________ his wife.
A.   ?     might be
B.   ?     could be
C.   ?     is
D.   ?     must be
6. I don't know why Stephanie isn't eating with us. She _____________ hungry.
A.   ?     isn't
B.   ?     might be
C.   ?     might not be
D.   ?     couldn't be
7. You just ate five large slices of pizza, two pieces of chocolate cake and some ice
cream. You ______________ still be hungry.
A.   ?     couldn't
B.   ?     mustn't
 C.   ?     can't
D.   ?     must
8. George ordered a large hamburger with everything on it except mustard. He
_______________ like mustard.
A.   ?     may not
B.   ?     isn't
C.   ?     does not
D.   ?     mightn't
9. Alex wanted to get the promotion very much, but he didn't. He
_____________________ disappointed.
A.   ?     could be
B.   ?     maybe
C.   ?     might be
D.   ?     must be
10. You went to bed at 9:30 last night and got up at 11:00 this morning. You
_________________ still be tired.
A.   ?     can't
B.   ?     couldn't be
C.   ?     must
D.   ?     might

MODALS OF CERTAINTY IN THE PRESENT – ACTIVITY N°6"

CHOOSE THE CORRECT MODAL TO COMPLETE THE SENTENCE.

1. Everyone is eating dinner except Cynthia. She _____________________

A.   ?     maybe not hungry.
B.   ?     might not hungry.
C.   ?     might not to be hungry.
D.   ?     can't be hungry.
2. Robert has been in class every day so far this term, but today he is absent. He
_____________________
A.   ?     might be sick.
B.   ?     is sick.
C.   ?     must be sick.
D.   ?     may be sick.
3. You just got paid yesterday. You _____________________
A.   ?     can't have any money today.
B.   ?     can't not have any money today.
C.   ?     not have any money today.
D.   ?     can't not to have any money today.
4. Philip can't seem to stop yawning. He _____________________
A.   ?     maybe tired.
B.   ?     must be tiring.
 C.   ?     might be tired.
D.   ?     must be tired.
5. James was sent abroad by his company and hasn't seen his family for several
months. He _____________________
A.   ?     must to be missing them very much.
B.   ?     must miss them very much.
C.   ?     must missing them very much.
D.   ?     might be missing them very much.
6. I'm not sure what I'll do this weekend. If the weather is nice, I
_____________________
A.   ?     might to go camping.
B.   ?     am going camping.
C.   ?     maybe am camping.
D.   ?     may go camping.
7. Many people are lined up in front of the theatre to see the new Pixar movie. It
_____________________
A.   ?     must be very interesting.
B.   ?     could be very interesting.
C.   ?     is very interesting.
D.   ?     can't be very interesting.
8. Alan's stomach is growling. He _____________________
A.   ?     might be hungry.
B.   ?     maybe hungry.
C.   ?     could be hungry.
D.   ?     must be hungry.
9. This assignment is far more difficult than I expected it would be. I
_____________________
A.   ?     might not to finish it on time.
B.   ?     may not finish it on time.
C.   ?     must finish it on time.
D.   ?     am not finishing it on time.
10. All three of their daughters graduated at the top of their classes. They
_____________________
A.   ?     must be proud of them.
B.   ?     might be very proud of them.
C.   ?     will be proud of them.
D.   ?     could be proud of them.
 MODALS OF POSSIBILITY AND PROBABILITY FOR PAST
SITUATIONS

Must, may, might, can’t and couldn’t are used with a present perfect verb form to show
how certain a speaker is that a past situation happened or didn’t happen.

AFFIRMATIVE:

Formula: MODAL + HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE (to show how certain the speaker is
that something happened)

Must have + past participle shows a great deal of certainty that something happened, but
there is still some doubt in the speaker’s mind. He/she is not 100% certain. For example:

The students did well on the test. They must have studied hard.

(There are other possible reasons why the students did well on the test. It might have been
very easy, or they might have already learned the material. The speaker uses must have
studied hard to show that he/she thinks this is the most logical reason they did so well.)
For example:

I’ve phoned Jim several times, but he doesn’t answer. He must have gone out.

(The speaker believes this is the most logical reason why Jim doesn’t answer the phone.
However, other reasons are possible. He might not have heard the phone, or he might not
have wanted to talk to anyone.)

May, might and could convey the idea that a speaker is only 50% or less certain
that  something happened. The use of could implies a little more certainty. For example:

My wife doesn’t answer the phone. She may (might, could) have gone  shopping.

(The speaker doesn’t know for sure that his wife went shopping. However, it is his best
guess.)

NEGATIVE:

Formula: MODAL + NOT + BASE VERB + PAST PARTICIPLE (to show how certain
the speaker is that something didn’t happen)

Can’t or couldn’t have + past participle shows that the speaker is very certain something
didn’t happen. For example:
 Robin looks tired today. She can’t have slept well last night.

(This is the speaker’s best guess as to why Robin looks tired. Of course, other reasons are
possible. For instance, she might be ill.)

May or might not have + past participle shows that the speaker is 50% or less certain that
something didn’t happen. For example:

There was a strange light in the sky yesterday evening. I don’t know for sure what it
was, but I may have seen a U.F.O. (Unidentified Flying Object).

An appropriate modal + have is used in most short answers. However, if the question has
a be verb, the formula for responding is appropriate modal + have been. For example:

Person A: Has Jennifer decided which courses she’s going to take next semester?
Person B: I’m not sure. She might have.
Person C: Do you think Tim enjoyed the concert?
Person D: I don’t know. He may have.

“MODALS OF POSSIBILITY AND PROBABILITY FOR PAST

SITUATIONS – ACTIVITY N°7”

CHOOSE THE CORRECT MODAL TO COMPLETE THE SENTENCE.

1. Our son promised to clean his room, but it is still messy. He

___________________________________________
A.   ?     cannot clean it.
B.   ?     can't clean it.
C.   ?     couldn't have cleaned it.
D.   ?     couldn't to have cleaned it.
2. The twins have guilty expressions on their faces. They
________________________________________
A.   ?     might do something naughty.
B.   ?     must have done something naughty.
C.   ?     might have done something naughty.
D.   ?     must do something naughty.
3. Paul's class starts at 8:30. It's 8:45 and he's not here yet. He
_____________________________________________
A.   ?     must have missed the bus.
B.   ?     might have missed the bus.
C.   ?     must be sick.
D.   ?     must have been sick.
4. My white shirt now has green streaks in it. I
____________________________________________
A.   ?     can't have washed it properly.
B.   ?     must not have not washed it properly.
C.   ?     must to wash it properly.
D.   ?     can't wash it properly.
5. Look! Our car isn't in the driveway! Somebody
_________________________________________
A.   ?     must be stealing it.
B.   ?     might have stolen it.
C.   ?     could have stolen it.
D.   ?     must have stolen it.
6. I don't know why he hasn't called me back. He
__________________________________________________
A.   ?     might be forgetting my number.
B.   ?     might have forgotten my number.
C.   ?     must have forgotten my number.
D.   ?     might forget my number.
7. The hockey player's injury kept him out of the Stanley Cup Playoffs. He
_____________________________________
A.   ?     might have been disappointed.
B.   ?     must have been disappointing.
C.   ?     must have been disappointed.
D.   ?     must have been disappointment.
8. My plants are dead. I ________________________________________________
A.   ?     couldn't give them enough water.
B.   ?     can't not have given them enough water.
C.   ?     can't have given them enough water.
D.   ?     must give them more water.
9. Betty said she was hungry, but she didn't eat very much after all. She
_______________________________________________
A.   ?     couldn't have been hungry.
B.   ?     couldn't have liked the food.
C.   ?     can't like the food.
D.   ?     couldn't like the food.
10. My friend promised to pick me up at 7:00. It's now 7:25 and I don't see him. He
_________________________________________
A.   ?     might have forgotten.
B.   ?     must have forgotten.
C.   ?     might forget.
D.   ?     might be forgetting.
 “MODALS OF POSSIBILITY AND PROBABILITY FOR PAST
SITUATIONS – ACTIVITY N°8”

CHOOSE THE CORRECT MODAL TO COMPLETE THE SENTENCE.

1. I wonder why our neighbours decided to move. They

_____________________________________
A.   ?     might have bought a new house.
B.   ?     must have bought a new house.
C.   ?     can't have bought a new house.
D.   ?     have bought a new house.
2. His wife returned the sweater he bought her to the store. She
__________________________________________
A.   ?     can't have liked it.
B.   ?     might not have liked it.
C.   ?     may have liked it.
D.   ?     must not have liked it.
3. ______________________________________________________ He can't have
studied.
A.   ?     The student made a lot of mistakes on the quiz.
B.   ?     The students made a lot of mistakes on the quiz.
C.   ?     The students could make a lot of mistakes on the quiz.
D.   ?     The student makes a lot of mistakes on the quiz.
4. I don't know why Vivian didn't attend the staff meeting this afternoon. She
______________________________________________
A.   ?     may have been too busy.
B.   ?     might be too busy.
C.   ?     might not have been too busy.
D.   ?     must have been too busy.
5. I waved when I saw Betty in town yesterday afternoon, but she just kept on
walking. She __________________________________________
A.   ?     can't have been seeing me.
B.   ?     musn't see me.
C.   ?     should not have seen me.
D.   ?     can't have seen me.
6. The DVD machine was on when I got up this morning. Somebody
________________________________________________
A.   ?     must be forgetting to turn it off.
B.   ?     must have forgotten to turn it off.
C.   ?     might have forgotten to turn it off.
D.   ?     could have forgotten to turn it off.
7. William has been sneezing and coughing a lot today. He
______________________________________________
A.   ?     might to catch a cold.
 B.   ?     must to have caught a cold.
C.   ?     must have caught a cold.
D.   ?     might have caught a cold.
8. My gloves were on the table when I went to the washroom, and now they are
gone. Somebody _________________________________________
A.   ?     will have taken them.
B.   ?     must have took them.
C.   ?     might have taken them.
D.   ?     must have taken them.
9. Maggie had a date with her boyfriend last night, and today she is wearing an
engagement ring. Her boyfriend __________________________________
A.   ?     might have asked her to marry him.
B.   ?     must have asked her to marry him.
C.   ?     could have asked her to marry him.
D.   ?     can have asked her to marry him.
10. Steve starts work at 8:30. I phoned him at 8:00, but he didn't answer. He
_________________________________________________
A.   ?     can't have left for work.
B.   ?     must have left for work.
C.   ?     might leave for work.
D.   ?     might have to leave for work.

“The Effects of Stress: Reading Comprehension – ACTIVITY N°9”

MAKE A LIST OF THE NEW EXPRESSIONS AND LISTEN THE READING. GO TO

THE LINK AND CLICK THE SOUND.

THE EFFECTS OF STRESS

There is a famous expression in English: "Stop the world, I want to get

off!" This expression refers to a feeling of panic, or stress, that makes a
person want to stop whatever they are doing, try to relax, and become calm
again. 'Stress' means pressure or tension. It is one of the most common
causes of health problems in modern life. Too much stress results in
physical, emotional, and mental health problems.

There are numerous physical effects of stress. Stress can affect the heart. It
can increase the pulse rate, make the heart miss beats, and can cause high
blood pressure. Stress can affect the respiratory system. It can lead to
asthma. It can cause a person to breathe too fast, resulting in a loss of
important carbon dioxide. Stress can affect the stomach. It can cause
stomach aches and problems digesting food. These are only a few examples
of the wide range of illnesses and symptoms resulting from stress.
Emotions are also easily affected by stress. People suffering from stress
often feel anxious. They may have panic attacks. They may feel tired all the
time. When people are under stress, they often overreact to little problems.
For example, a normally gentle parent under a lot of stress at work may yell
at a child for dropping a glass of juice. Stress can make people angry,
moody, or nervous.

Long-term stress can lead to a variety of serious mental illnesses.

Depression, an extreme feeling of sadness and hopelessness, can be the
result of continued and increasing stress. Alcoholism and other addictions
often develop as a result of overuse of alcohol or drugs to try to relieve
stress. Eating disorders, such as anorexia, are sometimes caused by stress
and are often made worse by stress. If stress is allowed to continue, then
one's mental health is put at risk.

It is obvious that stress is a serious problem. It attacks the body. It affects

the emotions. Untreated, it may eventually result in mental illness. Stress
has a great influence on the health and well-being of our bodies, our
feelings, and our minds. So, reduce stress: stop the world and rest for a
while.

Credits:
Story by Charlotte Sheldrake, English Language Centre
Exercises by Deborah Albert,  English Language Centre
 Audio version performed by Cam Culham, English Language CentreClipart used with
permission from Microsoft. Please see media restriction on our  Terms of Use page.

“MODALS – ACTIVITY N°9”

Note: In some questions more than one of the answer choices may be heard in
current English. The answer shown as correct is the one that is expected in
traditional grammar.

Q1. I have no idea about computers, but John ..... help you.
could
might be able to
would

Q2. I had some problems repairing the roof by myself, but in the end I ..... do it without
help.
could
was able to

Q3. The cafeteria was full. I ..... find a seat anywhere.

couldn’t
wasn’t able to

Q4. You ..... told me it was his birthday. I would have bought him a present.
might have
must have
would have

Q5. Do you think we ..... take photos in here?

are allowed to
may

Q6. Don’t call him now. He ..... have got out of bed yet.
might not
should not
would not

Q7. It ..... be easy for Mary. Her parents died when she was only 4 years old.
can’t
mustn’t
shouldn’t
wouldn’t
Q8. John’s usually home by now. Where do you think he is? - He ..... late. He has a big
project to finish.
might be working
might work
must work
could work

Q9. I ..... remember to buy milk on the way home.

have to
must

Q10. England are going to win the World Cup. - You ..... be joking!
could
must
ought to
would

Q11. She’s in hospital with a head injury. She ..... wearing her helmet!
can’t have been
could be
must have been
would have been

Q12. I ..... buy a new computer. This one keeps breaking down.
have to
must

Q13. How are things? - Ok. They ..... worse!

could be
could have been
would be

Q14. The test starts at 10.30. You ..... be here until 10.15, but you can come earlier if you
want.
mustn’t
needn’t

Q15. You ..... tell me what she said. I’m dying to know.
have to
must

Q16. The boss said that you ..... let me use this computer.
have to
must

Q17. Why were you late? You ..... be here at 10.30!

should
 ought to
were supposed to

Q18. It was so foggy that I ..... see my hand in front of face!

couldn’t
wasn’t able to

Q19. He was speaking so softly that I ..... understand a word he was saying!
couldn’t
wasn’t able to

Q20. I ..... leave now. My parents want me home by midnight. (Both answers are
possible. Which answer is better to express an external compulsion rather than an internal
desire?
have to
must