| | a) MACMILLAN EXAMS ) Ready for Advanced workbook 3rd Edition Were mn e kn keene eeaene eine ieee nearMacmilan Education 4'Grinan Steet London NT SxW ‘A-dWsion of Macmilan Publishers Limited Companies and representatives throughout the world -280-46961-5 +key eition) -280-46362-2 |-key ection) Text © Roy Norris and Amanda French 2014 Adelional material by Miles Hordern Design and ilustration © Macmillan Publishers Limited 2014 ‘The authors have asserted Wl ighs t0 be Mentifed as the authors of thie work in accordance win the Copyright, Designs and Patents Bet 1988, This esition published 2014 ‘i Fist edition published 2004 All rights reserved no pat of this publication may be reproduced, ‘Stored in a reliova system, transmitted in any Yorn, or by any ‘means, electronic, mecnanical, photocopying, recording, or Dtnenise, without the prior srntten permission ot the publishers, Designed by xen INustrated by Richard Duszczak, Peter Harper and Lazlo Veres. 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He's my brother. Silverback goxila greats long lost sing with a hug’ by Ricard Aleyne, copyright © ‘Telegraph Media Group 2072, fst pubished in The Dally Telegraph 16.08.12, reprinted by permission of the publisher, Material from article Paws for thought by Mary Braid, copyright © News Syndication 2004, frst published in The Sunday Times 01.02.04, reprinted by permission of the publisher, corateul for parmlssion to reprint the Material from article ‘Snoring’ by Luisa Diliner, copyright © Guardian Now & Media Lid. 1996, fet published In the Guarsian 23.01.95, reprinted by permission ofthe publisher; Material "What makes a genius’ by Malcolm Gladwell, copyright © Dennis Publishing 200, frst published in The Week 28.11.08, eprinted by permission ofthe pubisher, ‘Material from arco Hold the line: Overheard phone calls more Sstracting than room full of people chatting’ by Steve Connor, ‘copyright © ES! 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We have ro contal over, and are not responsibie for, the contents of such thie pary websites, Please use care when accessing them. Printed and bound in Spain by Exehvives 20182017 2016 2018 2014 woa765 43Contents ON AURWNE 11 12 13 14 Aiming high Times change Gathering information Work time Getting on All in the mind? Feeling good This is the modern world Going places House and home A cultural education The world about us Food for thought Money matters Listening bank Word formation list 2 20 28 36 44 52 60 68 16 34 92 100 108 116 130Multiple matching 1 Read the article about the explorer Ranulph Fiennes quickly. In the article, is he mainly A giving advice to inexperienced explorers? B talking about the nature of exploration? C promoting’ adventure travel to young people? 2. For questions 1-10, answer by choosing from the sections of the article (A-D). Some of the choices may be required more than once. In which section are the following mentioned? | an aspect of Fiennes’ character that may have been unfairly highlighted al st in adventure travel stion that people find increasingly unusual ways a negative effect of the growing inter to achieve recognition BO a misconception regarding the knowledge previous explorers had aT] Fiennes's fascination with a field in which he is fairly inexperienced 3 Fiennes's opinion that someone who is reasonably fit — could reach the South Pole im the belief that explorers have too much respect for their own field (eal Fiennes’ primary motivation for being an explorerIs this your idea of fun? Sir Ranulph Fiennes is the world’s greatest living explorer. But now it seems an endless stream of people are conquering the South Pole or clambering up Everest. Mark Mackenzie asks him, is the exploring game becoming too easy? A In the field of human exploration, Sir Ranulph Fiennes's personal achievements are remarkable and his numerous expeditions to the North and South Poles have turned trim into an iconic figure, the explorer’s explorer. Now there are many amateurs that would follow in his footsteps and adventure travel is one of the fastest growing sectors of the travel market. This year, record numbers are expected at the base camp of Everest, in the hope of reaching the summit of the world's tallest peak. So, is the exploring game getting too easy? “Anyone ‘who plans carefully could get to the South Pole if they're in relatively good condition and go at the right time of year’ says Fiennes. I would say the samme of Mount Everest. If the weather's, ‘good and you take a reasonable quide, you should be able to get up even if you've never climbed before. However, there are still plenty of expeditions the majority of the public would not be able to do. Crossing the whole continent of Antarctica unsupported, for example, your ‘troubles only really start at the South Pole. But ‘the urge to 0 to far-flung regions is innate to rman, Fiennes continues, ‘and I think provides there is na ecological damage, this is fine. On Everest, though, there has been a dramatic impact in terms of fitter B But with specialist companies willing to deposit increasing numbers of tourists in ever more remote locations, is exploring still a true test of character? ‘The challenge is what you make of it/ says Fiennes,*In the wrong weather, you can have the most horrendous time on reasonably easy routes.’ Also lying behind the increasing numbers of extreme adventurers, says Fiennes, isthe improved technology used for polar equipment. t's all alot lighter now, less bulky. If you're inexperienced, that makes these journeys a lot more appealing’ Patrick Woodhead, whose young team reached the South Pale in 75 days, thinks the explorer ‘community has a tendency to be overly reverential towards their discipline and claims his South Pole trek was a thoroughly enjoyable experience. However, in Fiennes’ biography of the original Antarctic explorer, Captain Robert Falcon Scott, he implies strongly that there are those among modern explorers wha remain ignorant of the debt they owe to Scott's pioneering spirit. People today think we knew back then that Antarctica was a continent ~ we didn’t. On his first expedition to Antarctica in 1902, Scott made an 800-mile journey when the furthest expedition previously had been 14 miles’ ‘What is it that has driven explorers to the extremes of the Earth? ‘Explorers have always had a thousand different motives, Fiennes acknowledges. ‘If I’m asked myself, I am quite cleat. It's my profession and how 1 make an income. There are people who aren't ‘comfortable with that. I'm supposed to say “Because it’s there to be conquered." I think some people still need this image of nobility.’ Suich frankness has contributed to Fiennes's reputation for accasional haughtiness. On an expedition in 1971, he made the mistake of taking along a television crew. "It meant good publicity for future expeditions ‘he says, "but they deliberately set out with the aim of showing me up as a dictator’ D Nevertheless, Fiennes has built his reputation on the only sart of accomplishment that matters among his peers ~ being fist. ‘When Sir Edmund Hillary first scaled Everest, he used every aid at his disposal. The next “first” then has to be the person to do it without oxygen, then the first solo ascent and so on. So are there any true “firsts! left? “In part, it’s the attitude of the individual,’ he says. “If something has been dane, they will find their ‘own firsts. Eventually, expeditions end up relying on gimmicks; for example, gaing to the South Pole on a motorbike, or on a camel and 50 on.‘ In 1992, Fiennes completed his first archaeological expedition to find the lost city of Ubar in the deserts of Oman, He admits he found the detective work intriguing, albeit a challenge for a relative amateur, and believes the possibility of making similar discoveries may increasingly occupy his time in the future. While most men his age ave thinking about retirement, his appetite for adventure appears undiminished,EW Aiming high Vocabulary Wordlist on page 208 of the Coursebook. Verb and noun collocations Complete the sentences with one of the words from the box. out with in to into _ problems after a succession of wet summers in 1 Their solar panel business ran the mid-2000s, 2 Last year's police campaign to reduce the number of accidents on motorways met __limited success, 3 Union leaders have not ruled _ 4 Her attempt to cycle across the Sahara ended failure yesterday, when she fell off her bike and broke her lee. 5 Taking on the Cup holders drew 1-1 the possibility of taking strike action, ho easy task, but they rose __ the challlenge and Adjective and noun collocations One of the items of vocabulary in each group is not normally used with the word in capitals. Cross out the item which does not fit. There is an example at the beginning (0). 0 distinct heavy remote strong POSSIBILITY 1 fair inside realistic slim CHANCE, 2 potential recurrent — resounding trivial PROBLEM 3 burning daunting exciting fresh CHALLENGE 4 hard high personal poor MOTIVATION 5 huge overnight roarin; terrible SUCCESS 6 continued dismal inevitable urgent FAILURE 7 heated lifelong greatest secret AMBITION 8 major outlying remarkable sporting ACHIEVEMENT Complete the sentences with an appropriate adjective from exercise 1. There is an example at the beginning (0) 0 Tean't understand why he applied for the job; there wasn't even a _remote possibility that he'd get it. 1 Recent corruption scandals mean that the party now stands only a chance of victory in the forthcoming elections. s was a problem, and always 2 During his adolescence, serious illnes seemed to strike at exam time. 3 The situation does pose a rather 4 His consistently low marks seem to be both the result and the cause of ____ motivation. 5 The book brought her great wealth and worldwide fame, but this was no___ success; her previous two novels had been bestsellers in her own country. __ challenge, but we will not be put off. 6 Tewas a night of failure for British athletes, whose recent successes had given cause for great optimism, 7 As T've always said, its been a___ ambition of mine to play Hamlet, and now at last I can fulfil it 8 Undoubtedly, the greatest achievement of the year was Alek Schmidt's record-breaking marathon run of two hours and three minutes.Word formation You may need to use the negative or plural form of the 0 10 Many people at the club are questioning the signing the 16-year-old goalkeeper. fedom of Excessive _to direct sunlight should of course be avoided. Councillors have once again rejected the for a new multi-storey car park, Management criticized the unions for their stubborn attitude and in the wage negotiations. ‘The government is concerned at the number of unfilled _ in the nursing profession. There is a strong feeling within the company that greater should be placed on staff development. Failure to meet legal safety has led to the ‘temporary closure of the fairground. She chose to live in Brighton because of its mild climate and to London ‘There is a chronic of housing in our cities. The complete of this answer shows that the candidate did not read the question carefully. He achieved for failing a drugs test after winning an Olympic® final. Language focus A. Spelling ‘The following letter contains 20 spelling mistakes, Find the mistakes and correct them. Dear Sir, Aiming high GR Complete the sentences with an appropriate noun form of the word in capitals at the end of the sentence. There is an example at the beginning (0). WISE, EXPOSE, PROPOSE, FLEXIBLE, VACANT, EMPHASIZE REQUIRE CLOSE SHORT RELEVANT NOTORIOUS in about an orticle he expense of Tam writting to complain ob ut at ooserd toni gaa ‘i a 2Y Staff, who would, know, ‘that apeared in tr dg edition of yeur Indeed, they ‘Or you to intervue them, Section in last weekend's & here ror Oy teu be cscppointed it they se spoper ; Your se SNer the oportunty to inferm ‘The article, wich analyses the growth © impresive working conden soe describes me 05a little education an« “agressive ambition an ‘ine wellfare o fer puree, totaly untrue, of cours not intend to justi methods, their are one 0 feel T ougth to make. Firstly, the economics degre’ from Bristol ticularly, T feel, Plage honours. Zn aditio attributes my success To myself or my business print an apol fy myself or TY Neon | ewspapee ay e L obtained Yours faithfuly University speaks for itself, oe '¢ T graduated with firs a vist Tam proud in id.a complete disresors | gamsiderabie pane ard emt i caused his employees. This iS, oth too myself and, hy, whe pei fs end although? T do iN extremly peering om he found iERD Aiming high B Modal verbs: might, could, may and can EE} Grammar rererence on page 215 of the Coursedook. 1 In 1-7, complete the second sentence so that it has the same meaning as the first. There is an example at the beginning (0). © Would you mind lending me your pen for a moment? May row your pen for a moment: 2 1 Although he lives here, we never see him. He may 2 They're very lik¢ly to ask you to speak French during the interview. You may 3 Perhaps she didn't know you were married. She might _ 4 He had a good chance of getting the job, but he didn’t apply If he'd applied for the job, he could | 5 rarely use my bike these days, so it would make sense if I sold it. | Trarely use my bike these days, so I may —_ 6 Why on earth didn’t you tell me you were vegetarian? You might ! 7 Its unlikely she was enjoying herself very much She can't Trarely use my bike these days, so it would make sense if I sold it! 2 In 1-7, one of the three alternatives is incorrect. Cross it out, There is an example at the beginning (0). 0 You night #o#/may not/cannot leave until I give you permission 1 It’s not my scarf ~I think it might/could/can be Graham's 2 It might/may/could not be warm enough to eat outside tonight, but we'll keep our fingers crossed, 3 He's so lazy — he might/may/could at least offer to do the washing up! 4 Lknow you didn't want to come, but you might/may/could as well try and enjoy yourself’ now that you're here. 5 Don't run across the road like that again - you mtight/may/could have been run over! 6 It was tough walk, but we could/were able ro/managed to reach the end before it got dark. 7 Police are now saying that the fire migh/may/could not have been started! deliberately, although they have refused to rule out the possibility of arson entirelyAiming high Reading and Use of Englis! rt Multiple-choice cloze For questions 1-8, read the text below and decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each gap, There is an example at the beginning (0). On top of the world In December 2011, a teenage mountaineer from California (0) ...g.... the youngest person to complete one of his sport's most extravagant (1) 3.....?Scaling the highest peak on each of the world’s seven continents. Jordan Romero was just 15 when he (2) the summit of Vinson Massif in Antarctica. Jordan, who grew up climbing the mountains in Big Bear Lake, just east of Los Angeles, conquered his first (3) summit, Mount Kilimanjaro, at the age of nine. At 13, he became the youngest person 10 (4) ann ito the top of Everest, He beat the previous record for the Seven Summits, which was (5)... by 16-year-old British climber George Atkinson, Both teenagers sparked controversy in mountaineering (6)........ . with purists claiming they were too young to contribute properly to climbs, and therefore relied excessively on the support of their team-mates. Although Jordan broadcast his achievements on the Internet, his mother (7)... to comment when contacted by the press, claiming that the family was not (8)........ attention for his feats 0 Aovertook — B turned € became D succeeded 1 Assuccesses Beontests challenges _D disputes 2 Aachieved Breached € fulfilled D accomplished | 3 A major Bchief C upper D superior 4 Aget Bind C make D work 5 Akept Bmaintained —_ € broken Dheld 6 Asets Bbands C fields Deircles | 7 Adeclined —Brejected C denied D renounced 8 Aasking Bsecking C paying D searchingGERD Aiming high Writing ) Formal letter: application 1. Read the following job advertisement, which has been taken from the Internet, and make a list of the characteristics the ideal candidate would possess. Personal assistant to insurance executive _ is required to work fo usy insurance executive. Duties nd booking travel. There will also Je at a high level. A minimum of five ‘A dynamic PA is required to work for a very bi include correspondence, diary management a be a great deal of contact with business peop! years’ related experience is essential. 2 The following is a letter of application for the job advertised in exercise 1. In 1-15, two of the alternatives can be used in each space. Cross out the alternative which cannot be used, There is an example at the beginning (0). (0) Dear Sir/Bear-éxeeutive!Dear Sir or Madam 1am writing in (1) replylapplylresponse to your advertisement which appears on the website of the Business Times newspaper. ‘As you (2) musticaniwil! see from my (3) enclosediattachedlenveloped CV, | have spent the last six years working at the Tadwell branch of the Excel Insurance Company. | joined the branch as trainee secretary after leaving schoo! and two years ago | was (4) appointedidestinedipromoted to the (5) place! positionipost of office manager, in charge of a (6) staffiteam/number of seven My (2) dutiesichoresiresponsibilities range from the day-to-day (8) conduct! ‘managementirunning of the office to staff training and new recruitment. | am also responsible for (9) organizingimakingisorting travel arrangements for management and visiting officials. 11am now interested in working in a more dynamic environment and given the experience | have (10) acquiredigainedilearnt at Excel, | consider myself well equipped to (11) respond toltake upirise for the challenge offered by the post of personal assistant. | also feel | (12) havefownipossess the necessary personal qualities to (13) meet/completerdeal with the demands of the jab; I have included in the CV the contact details of my branch manager, who would be (14) welcomesnillingipleased to provide you with a character reference. | am available for interview at any time which might be convenient to you and ‘would be able to start work after serving out the two months’ natice in my (15) actuallcurrentipresent job. ook forward to hearing from you. Yours faithfully Lara Goodrte 10Aiming high GE 3. Write your own letter of application in 220-260 words for the following job, which you have seen advertised in an English-language magazine in your country. Language school receptionist 1 Busy and expanding language school with a reputation for professional standards and friendly service requires two receptionists for its new centre in the north of England. Successful candidates will havea genuine interest | | in people and be able to work under pressure. They will also be reasonably Auent in both spoken and written English. IT skills an advantage. Previous experience useful bue not essential, « Make notes about relevant experience, sills and personal qualities which would make you suitable for the job. Think also about your reasons for applying, Remember, you can invent information. ‘+ Make a paragraph plan of your letter. Look back at Lara Goodrich’ application; how has she ‘organized her information into paragraphs? + Use a range of relevant vocabulary and structures. Underline any words and expressions in Laras application which you might find useful WReading and Use of Englis im i 12 @ times change Multiple choice You are going to read a magazine article about longevity, the long life that some people have. For questions 1-6, choose the answer (A, B, € or D) which you think fits best according to the text. Would you want to live to 100? Remarkably, two in five girls born today wil lve for a century, and boys are close behind, But, asks Jeremy Laurance, is longevity al it's cracked up to be? Human beings have strugaed to defeat the ageing process for millennia, From olive leaves in ancient Egypt tothe alchemist’ elixir of life, vast resources have been spent - and still ae today ~ on tonics, potions and vitamins in the attempt to stave ofthe ravages ofthe years. Now we know the secret. Quiet, without fanfare, we are putting it to work. Life expectancy soared by 30, years in richer nations during the 20th century and shows no sign of slowing In sme countries ithas increased by three months a year forthe last 160 years. When the British tradition of sending a telegram from the monarch to all new centenarians began in 1917, King George V dispatched 24 celebratory messages, By 1952, the number had increased 10-fld and by 2011 it had increased almost 40-fold to nearly 10000, Leading economist Professor John Appleby cites the figures in the British Medical Journal and asks:"Where il tall end2" That is an economist’s question, but one ‘that 18th century author Jonathan Swift also wanted to answer. Gulivers Tavelsfeatutes a race of humans the Struldorugs who were normal i all respects except one ‘Their immortality, instead of being a blessing, was a curse, because they continued to age, ‘At 90, they lose their teeth ‘and hair; they have at that age ne distinction of taste, but ‘eat and dink whatever they can get, without relish of appetite. the question therefore was not, whether a man ‘would choose tobe always i the prime of youth, attended vith prosperity and health; but how he would pass a perpetual fe under all the usual disadvantages which old age brings along with! Ina recent article, centenaran Walter James wrote 2 poignant account ofthe deprivations of age. Though he sill cooks and looks after himself does the crossword, enjoys a glass of whisky and can recall event from his past with clarity, what he cannot recover are the sensations that accompanied the events. Recounting his sparing successes and cose relationships, he notes the absence of the exhilaration that weat with them. ‘Perhaps ‘the greatest loss is what ts lke tobe in love. can remember the routines, the shared meals, concerts and ‘theatres, walks inthe county. But writing allthis is ke ‘aking @ book down from the shelf an leafing through its pages” Such observations are hound to make those younger wonder ~is ageing, atthe rate those of us fortunate enough ta live comfortable lives are achieving, something ‘tobe celebrated o feared? The pace of advances astonishing. As recently 2s 1980, scientists believed that age 85 would mark a natural init for average life expectancy. In Japan that barrier was passed for women in 2007. Inthe UK, average life expectancy for bath sexes born today is over 90, What isthe secret ~ the elixir life? Just beter standards of living, education and healthcare i ll rather than a blend of exotic ingredients secretly distilled ina laboratory. Dul, perhaps, but ‘marvelously tue Inthe early part ofthe last century, Improvements in infant and child survival contributes ‘mast to growing life expectancy, but since the 1950s the biggest gains have been in the over80s. \What worries most people about ageing is lasing their faculties and the ability to perform the daily tasks of ving = eating, dressing, bathing and getting around, The trends in this tegard are worrying. The good news is that despite increases in chronic conditions such as diabetes and arthritis, eater diagnosis and improved treatments have rendered these conditions less disabling, In the future, ‘mare of us wil fall but the illnesses should affect us les. The result is that we may live to see our great ‘grandchildren and even our great great grandchildren. Nevertheless, there are large ifferences between ‘ounires in healthy life expectancy beyond 65 ~ that is years spent without dsabilty - and the UK performs poorly compared with countries suchas Naly and Bellu, 1 ageing is to be celebrated we need answers tothe personal, socal, fnancal and health challenges it poses, ‘One suggestion, proposed by Professor Kaare Christensen, ofthe Danish Ageing Research Cente, isto extend working lives by shortening the working week "The 20th century was a century of redistribution of income: Professor Christensen says. "The 21st century could be = century of reistrbution of work. Redistribution would spread work more evenly across populations and over the ‘ages of if, Preliminary evidence suggests that shortened ‘working weeks overextended working ives might further contribute to inceases in life expectancy and ‘health Work til you are 100? Now that would deserve a celebratory telegram, How many people would welcome ‘this opportunity quite another matter,Times change Qe What does the writer suggest about getting older in the first paragraph? A. Long life is no longer seen as remarkable. B There is no reason to celebrate getting older € Life expectancy has increased beyond our expectations. D Staying youthful has always been something people desired. The writer refers to the novel Gulliver’s Travels in order to > show how the ob: jon with ageing is a modern phenomenon, B make the paint that e € illustrate how ageing has been typically portrayed in literature, D compare views on ageing from previous centuries and the current one, ernal life is not necessarily a positive thing. What does the writer find most moving about Walter James’ situation? A his physical deterioration B his determination to be independent € his disconnection with emotion D his sense of nostalgia What is the writer emphasizing in the sentence ‘Dull, pethaps, but marvellously true’? A. the unexceptional reasons that people live longer B the particular accuracy of recent scientific prediction € the common patterns of longevity in differ D the objectivity of statistics for ageing populations nt countries in the fifth paragraph, the writer draws a contrast between A the fears that people have about ageing and the eventual reality B countries where the elderly enjoy healthy lives and those where they do not, € the physical problems older people suffered in the past compared to today. D attitudes towards the care of the elderly across various European countries. In the final paragraph, we get the impression that the writer A. intends to extend his career in the way Professor Christensen recommends. B sees no connection between the way income and work might be divided. C is reluctant to accept lower financial rewards for a job he is already doing. D is sceptical of Professor Christensen's proposal regarding a person's working life.ED Times change Vocabulary Wordlist on page 209 of the Coursebook. Changes 1. For questions 1-4, complete each of the gaps with a word from the box. The verb you choose must be appropriate for the gaps in both sentences. There is an example at the beginning (0). ? adapted altered chamged shifted transferred. 0 a I've changed \ my mind -1'll have the soup instead of the prawn cocktail, b He __changed places with Jean so that he could sit nearer the blackboard. 1 a Football star Cristiano Ronaldo was _ from Manchester United to Real Madrid for a fee of £80 million. b I've just £3000 from my current account to my savings account. 2 a When asked why he hadn't done his homework, James uncomfortably in his seat. b The publishing company has _ its attention away from children's literature towards school text books. 3 a Thesnow leopard has___ to life at altitudes of up to 6000 metres, b Several of her books have been _ for television. 4 a The jacket was a perfect fit, but [had the trousers __ because they were a little too tight. 1b The new tower block has dramatically the appearance of the town. 2 Underline the word A, B, C or D which best fits each gap. 1 Hes ___ changed at all since I last saw him ~ hes just as lively and outgoing as he always was. Aslightly Bhardly subtly D nearly 2 The seat is___ adjusted by pulling on this lever here. Ahighly B fully C openly Deasily . 3. Prices vary 0 do shop around before you buy your barbecue. Awidely B instantly Completely D closely 4 In response to growing criticism, the government modified its plans for education cuts, though only very A barely B fundamentally C slightly D faintly 5 Toher credit, she ___ transformed the business from a string of small shops into a major international chain of department stores. Aradically —-Brevoltingly Cenormously _D increasinglyoe 2 3 Complete the sentences with one of the words from the box. 1 You should go away somewhere for the weekend. A change of. will do ‘you good 2. At first my parents refused to let me go off travelling on my own, but then they had a change of - 3 After a very slow start, the car chase gives the film a much needed change of 4 Ina complete change of he gave up his job in teaching and became afarme, 5 The win marked a change in the of the team, which had lost its previous six games, 6 Despite the operation on his eye, there has been no significant change in the patient's 7 For many years, anti-smoking campaigners had called for a change in the to make it illegal for people to smoke in bars and cafés. 8 The legalization of divorce reflected a change in towards marriage. Language focus EE} Grammar reterence on pages 215-216 of the Coursebook. 1 Correct the following sentences by changing the underlined word or words. You may need to write more than one word. There is an example at the beginning (0). have known 0 I know him since we were at school together, 1 We would have a parrot, but he flew away one day when I was cleaning his cage, The service was terrible; when our dessert arrived, Paul still ate his starter! T have met some very interesting people on my holiday last year. This must be about the tenth time I eat in this restaurant. 2 3 4 5 Isa long time since we don't see each other, 6 It wasn't the first time she was catching him taking money from her purse, 7 I'd like to stay in London longer, but we had to get back for Sandra's wedding. 8 I wish you didn{t give him my phone number ~ he phoned me three times yesterday! 9 You did nothing but complain since we've been here. 10 She was about sitting down, when she noticed the chair was broken, 15= Times change Reading and h Use of Eng 16 2 Complete the texts with an appropriate form of the verb in brackets, A Derek Taylor, 87, is one of Britain's longest-serving Santas: he (1) (put) on his red suit and white beard for over 50 years now. He believes he (2) (manage) to hold down his job in a Rotherham department store for so long by adapting to the changing attitudes of the children ne (8) (meet) down the years. ‘Back in the 1960s, children (4) (believe) in Father Christmas totally and (6) (ask) lots of questions, like "Where exactly do you live?" or "How do you manage fo squeeze down chimneys?" Nowadays they just tell me about the presents they want. Of course, the toys they ask for (6) " (change) dramatically over the years. In the old days, if you (7)_______ (Say) you would try and bring them the doll or roller skates they wanted, their faces (8) {ight) up. Now its all mobile phones, computers and games consoles.” B "ll never forget the time | (1) (go) to the hairdresser's way back in the 1940s for my frst perm, o° ‘permanent wave’, after | (2) _ (600) picture of Gina Loliobrigida with one in a fim magazine. | (3) (work) in a shop at the time, and | (4). (book) an appointment for 1.30 pm on Wednesday afternoon, my half day Off) (wash) and cut my hai, the hairdresser role it into tight and rather painful metal curlers. He then connected the curlers to wires from a machine that looked es ifit (6) ______ justland) from outer space! He chose that moment to tell me he (7)__ (experience) problems with the machine for the last few days and that the “aking” procedure (8) (take) 2 litle longer than expected. Infact, | (9)___— (spend) over six hours in the hairdresser’s altogether and (10) {novarrve) home until well ater 8 o'clock! At one point during my long ordeal, after | (11) {sit) in the same chair for about four hours, my worried husband phoned the hairdressers to ask whet time | (12) (leave), twas the frst time | (13) (ever/have} a perm, and | decided there and then that it (14)_______ (be) my last! Open cloze For questions 1-8, read the text below and think of the word which best fits each gap. Use only one word in each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0). Write your answers IN CAPITAL LETTERS, ‘What, no jet packs? The usual complaint (0) ¥/EN, looking back at old predictions about the future is, that a lot of the things promised in previous decades are (1) ..... Near coming true, Jet packs, for example, (2).......... have been commonly available by now. ‘One can’t help feeling disappointed. But reading a piece from 1988, in (3) the Los Angeles Times Magazine tries to predict life for a 2013 household, has the opposite effect. The article, written by Nicole Yorkin, who later (4) onto become a screenwriter for several science-fiction series, traces a day in the life of a fictitious family. It begins in the morning when their coffee maker turns itself on and ends (5) one of the family reading in bed on a laser dise, Meanwhile, data is stored on credit-card-sized computers that Yorkin uncannily refers to (6) concn ‘Smart cards’ and films are watched on (7) ....... are described as ‘ultra-thin, high-resolution video sereens’. Some things aren't quite so accurate, @) - Yorkin suggests, for example, that her futuristic family will be served. by home robots.Times change QP Word formation For questions 1-8, read the text below. Use the word given in capitals at the end of some of the lines to form a word that fits in the gap in the same line. There is an example at the beginning (0). Write your answers IN CAPITAL LETTERS. Reading and Use of English rae Book review: Walls have Ears by Mark Mitchell Avid (0) READERS of Mark Mitchell's critically acclaimed historical novels READ will not be disappointed by his latest offering, Walls have Ears, 2 simple, but a son wartten tale of childhood innocence in a world of adult BEAUTY corruption. Mitchell, a former history teacher, shot to fame three years ago thanks to the television (2) of his fourth novel, Baroque of Ages, ADAPT which followed the fortunes of two teenage siblings in seventeenth-century Britain, Despite the author’ (3) with the TV production, SATISFY @ Marian Blackshaw and Edek Sobera, it was a huge success and STAR 5) of his books for children rocketed overnight as a result SELL Walls have Ears is a (6) ‘on the central theme of Baroque of Ages, VARY though this time set against the background of Hadrian's Wall during its, construction in the second century. The chance (7) by two young DISCOVER friends of a plot to assassinate the Roman Emperor responsible for the defensive wall turns their world upside down. The children are sworn to secrecy, but their conscience (8) to get the better of them. THREAT The book will be released on June 20th. Reading and Use of English im Key word transformation For questions 1-6, complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between three and six words, including the word given. There is an example at the beginning (0). Write your answers IN CAPITAL LETTERS. 0 Thaven't driven an automatic car for several years. LAST 11 -..n SEVERAL YEARS SINCE ILAST DROVE... an automatic car. 1 This is your third warning from me this week about being late for work. Nor This is the third time this week I be late for work, 2 Talways hated pasta when I was a child but now I cook it regularly. USE, I pasta when I was a child but now I cook it regulatly. 3. We wanted to continue our mountain trek but the weather was too bad. LIKE We ‘on with our mountain trek but the weather was too bad. 4 I want to inform you that I was not satisfied with the standard of service in your hotel. EXPRESS Twould with the standard of service in your hotel. 5 Iwanted to stay in last night but my flatmate insisted we go out. SOONER 1 in last night but my flatmate insisted we go out, 6 Didn't you want me to tell the staff about your resignation? RATHER, Would the staff know about your resignation? 72 Times change Formal and informal letter 4 Read the following two Writing Part 2 tasks. A. You have just retuned from a rather unsatisfactory holiday with a tour company, A friend of yours is about to go on the same holiday, Write a letter to your friend explaining which aspects were not satisfactory and giving her advice on how to prepare for her holiday. B You have just retuned from a rather unsatisfactory holiday with a tour company, You have decided to write a letter to the tour company, explaining which aspects of the holiday were not satisfactory and making recommendations for improvements, 2 Aand B below are the first half of the two letters required by the tasks. Use a more formal version of the underlined information in A, the informal letter, to complete the gaps in B, the forsnal letter. Write one word in each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0) ee le there-the ear Savah wistory of just got lapel from the historic guide, Francesea, really made Rome, She really anew her subject ano! she “So oll in allt veally enjoyed the holiday, but (V4 theme nop En or Ee tinge that happened whey |v helping there to nue tiv better for fuure tours ~ U8 next mouth se thine de it to Ostia been Eorowe thing, we never mode it to ostin because th ve lef and the Local vep didn’t senal another owt to cancevd, beenuse our guide suddenly fell ik al tour of Rove, La for vst andl (Leaveé ads about explained things £0 wll. sk written to Thnasow’s to kell use the coach broiee dovn. shortly after veplace ik. Alsa we hadi three ch anc we vi ee pe eer eine fp rp fouand oak when. | gaia Reonee that we had to pp 8 He which ( thought wns a bit chesley cons monuments oursel is ou to bear in vind weer point is certninly something for you te be a Tat Last rane sur? You Dane Sinor Matar {have jst (0) Letured tom Rome, where Ispent.a week on one of your storia tous. would ik to express my general Q). meee 2oliday, during whieh learnt great (@) Gpoatomein story This was gel de tothe exalt wrk th ue Masa who impressed everyone . = wi one with hor B) and te sualineoien {ee sou, however, de " : drew your )__ toa numer oinsiens rusiossed nh op has is mayen (@) hs in fare our panei to Osa waa ea 8s the Dus broke down oon ater our (Bananas Seoroetaive@) toners laoaza os 0s ur to tee aay saa hioe owing tothe anreneas eo) ou" guide ont fal day; one again, we wore at eovone waive sbotute Cua) “wa ether surprised se Coy mn (8) in Romentat 8) 3 aa monument Were not ineluded inthe pres othe Hokeen As result of my experience, Twould keto mae « momen of commendations for fave sure 18Times change QE Now complete each of the letters, using the following plans as a guide. You should write 100-125 words for each letter. A Giving advice to your friend * costs of admission - take enough money * giidebook poor ~ bay your own * Pestaurants can be pricey ~ check in guidebook / sk guide about cheap ones B_Making recommendations to Timson’s + arrange alternative if bus breaks down, guide sick, etc + ake ad more explicit, 2g. admission costs + improve guidebook Cay how) + Continue each letter using the same In art 2 you wil be expected to informal or formal register write only one task type oF 220-260 + End each letter in an appropriate way. words + Use a wide range of languageUse of English Read through the whole of the base text (the main text with the gaps) before you start to ‘make your choices, 20 ; €) Gathering information Reading and Gapped text You are going to read an extract from a magazine article. Six paragraphs have been removed from the extract, Choose from the paragraphs A-G the one that fits each gap (1-6). There is one extra paragraph which you do not need to use, The house of maps The world of geography owes a big debt to Stanfords, suppliers of maps to the world for over 160 years. Peer Whitfield traces the company’s early history. During the winter of 1887, rt ersic John Raskin wrote to a well-known London shop for help: Gentlemen, have you any schoo atlas on sale at present withowt eairoads ia its maps? Of all she enely odd spies of moder eduction, ruoads in sap oe intel the eds toy nin. The repent ofthis rather strange appeal was the firm of Edward Stanford, the map- seller who had sade himself pre-eminent in his field a : All this started when the first Edward Stanford Thunched his business in 1853, taking over the snap shop of Trelawney Saunders in Charing Cross, London. He had left school at 14 t0 learn printing, moving on to work in a namber of shops betore going to work for Saunders in the map trade, Of course there were trade rival bue what pat them ahead was Stanford’s recognition thatthe 19th century was experiencing arising demand for maps ofall kinds for a vatiery of purposes. | Of the personality of the first Edward Sanford we know little, but his son, the second Edward Stanford who became head of the firm in 1882, emerges more clearly, thanks to the survival of both business and personal papers In his business letters he made it clear that Stanfonds was no mere shop, but a service for gentlemen governed by gentlemen, His correspondents included some of the outstanding geographers of the age, many of whom commissioned Stayfords to make maps for them. U BI Te was under the second Stanford direetion thatthe firm’ publishing programme reached its high point. This was the Stanford’ London Atlas of Universal Geogsophy, first issted in 1887, containing almost 100 detailed maps. ‘Asa textual companion to the atlas, the firm aso published the magnificent Stanford’ Compendivun of Geegaphy and Tiavel, a six volume encyclopaedia of geography that was written by a team of first-class scholars. cr This could only be of benefit to sales and the reward were substantial. Stanford prospered, the business was entirely his own and he spent its profits freely. He sent his three sons to Oxford University, boughe 2 lange villain a London suburb and invesced in the stock exchange. This prosperity was world avvay from the lowly tradesman’ upbringing his facher had known in the 1830s.A reversal of fortune, however, was soon to comeGathering information QE EC ) (61 J He would have been relieved to know that However, this freed Stanfinds to concentrate on all chree sons survived and that the third retailing instead and, finally, co take advantage Edward Stanford returned from the Middle of the revolution in travel that began to gather Enst to become director ofthe business. But pace in the late 1960s. The package tourist a historical and social chasm had opened up heading for the beaches has little use for maps, between che pre-war world and the 1920s, but for the independent traveller, maps are ‘The family’s earlier prosperity, university essential companions. By importing maps education and the army had transformed the from the four corners of the globe, Stanfons mental horizons of thd Stanford children: they has maintained its unique role asa leader in lost their enthusiasm for trade and preferred mapping and travel literature, even though this their lives as officers and gentlemen material is no longer published by Stanfords itsel. A Local governors, railway or mining engineers, newspaper editors and tourists all increasingly required them, and within a few short years of his appointment at the shop, Stanford had initiated a map-publishing programme that would become the most comprehensive in England. After securing the rights to sell official maps produced by overseas and colonial survey authorities, he set about reducing all of this detailed survey information into a range of individual smaller-scale accurate and up-to date maps. B In contrast to his dealings with these figures, there were the day-to-day arguments. with resentful trade rivals and tedious officials, not to mention insolent customers. ‘On more than one occasion Stanford writes that he is verbally abused when he asks for overdue payments. © Alongside these achievements, the Stanford name was synonymous with the maps of Ordnance Survey but they also acted as sales agent for many other official bodies, including The Royal Geographical Society and the War Office. Its role as distributor of these official survey maps gave the business a unique status, reinforcing the perception that its own maps must be authoritative and accurate. D Consequently, some vital energy seemed to desert the business: the golden age of Stanfords’ map publishing was over, and the firm was ill-equipped to survive the years of economic depression ahead. The struggling business was eventually sold to George Philip and all Stanfords’ map-making activities were absorbed into those of the parent company. E Whether you sought an Ordnance Survey map of an English county or the goldfields of South Africa, such a reputation meant that Stanfords was always the first port of call. Over 160 years later, Stanfords continues to flourish as a map-seller, and is still renowned for its small but intriguing role in Britain's political and social history, F The First World War was to all but eliminate the firm. Many of its staff became soldiers; private foreign travel virtually halted overnight; and all three of Stanford's sons were commissioned as junior officers. The effect was catastrophic and the strain on the ageing ‘governor’ proved fatal: when he died the firm was deep in debt and its future looked dark. G This was a risk that Stanford was willing to take. Their property was rebuilt and reopened at Covent Garden with a splendid new showroom and space for all the cartographical and printing work on the floors above. 2fim Gathering information Vocabulary Wordlist on pages 208-209 of the Coursebook, A Adjective and noun collocations 1 Complete the crossword using the clues below. Each of the answers is a noun which collocates with the adjective in bold. All the collocations have appeared in Units 1-3 of the Coursebook. Across 3 He hopes to fulfil his burning to become world champion. 5 The kitchen was filled with the mouth. | watering of freshly baked | bread 6 Mailshots have proved to be the most cost-effective of marketing our products. 8 The organizers claim that the demonstration was ‘a resounding 11 Itmade a welcome towin Twas getting tired of losing, 12 She now faces the daunting of writing a successful sequel to her hugely popular first book. Down 1 The Prime Minister esterday announced sweeping to her Cabinet 2. He could smell the acrid of rotten eg 4 The newspaper has been accused of publishing misleading __in relation to the case 7 The government claims that the demonstration was ‘a dismal 9 We still have an outside _ of qualifying for the finals. 10 The pile of old clothes gave off a damp, musty 2. For each noun you wrote in exercise 1, write two further adjectives which collocate with it 22You may need to use the negative fos of an adjective or adverb, Gathering information QE Verb and noun collocations Match each of the nouns in the box fo one of the groups of verbs 1~7. All the verbs in the group must collocate with the noun, The first one has been done for you. information change a problem a possibility a challenge swecess an ambition a smell 0 achieve deserve enjoy meet with —suene6s. 1 achieve fulfil pursue realize 2 broadcasts gather provide publish 3 face present rise to take up 4 bring about call for cope with resist 5 come up against face up to resolve run into 6 ignore look into overlook rule out 7 deiect get rid of give off leave Complete the sentences with the appropriate form of a verb from exercise 1. There is an example at the beginning (0). 0 He was a brilliant musician, who thoroughly deserved the success he had - though 1 don't think i¢ made him any happier 1 She still finds time to her ambition to become a professional opera singer, though she is aware she may never achieve it. 2 Tve been information on minority languages for my next book, 3 The recent dramatic increase in the number of burglaries _ a major challenge to the police 4 The only way to progress is by welcoming change, not it. 5 The company faced a number of problems, most of which it has now tackled and successfully 6 We're currently the possibility of opening new premises; it depends on the company’s performance over the next year. 7 It stinks of smoke in here! Could you open the window to the smell? Word formation Complete the sentences with an appropriate form of the word in capitals at the end of the sentence. There is an example at the beginning (0) 0 Asa student, I'm still financially. dependent on my parents, FINANCE 1 Unfortunately, many people are still worryingly of IGNORE, the facts about AIDS. 2 There are versions of Vivaldi’s The Four Seasons, but COUNT this recording is by far the best I've heard. 3 Well have to walk to the village — it's to cars. ACCESS 4 We have discussed these problems on oceasionsand = NUMBER still nothing has been decided, 5 Not perhaps, sales of air conditioning systems increased SURPRISE, considerably during the recent hot spell. 6 Bed! of Roses, widely seen as the finest work about the LITERATE period, was published in 1976. 7 After several attempts, he finally passed his driving test. SUCCEED in June last year. BAL study of farming procedures in fifteen African COMPARE countries has just been published. © Unemployment rose last year DRAMA 10 Asa special __ offer, there is a ten per cent discount on INTRODUCE all kitchen units in the new range. 23iD Gathering information Language focus ED rammar reference on page 216-217 of the Coursebook. 1 Complete each sentence with two words. Contractions (e.g. avert’, dost, etc) count as two words, There is an example at the beginning (0). © She went on holiday with her friends, though we'd rather _shehad come with us. 1 It wasa terrible film. I wish we the French one instead. 2 She foynd out from Jerry, but I'd told her myself, 3 Iithadn't_2___Eleanor's excellent negotiation skills, we might never have reached an agreement. 4 [should my gloves - my hands were freezing, 5 Most employees would prefer been given a bonus rather than an expensive Christmas hamper. 6 known he intended to resign, I'd never have sacked him, 7 Ifonly spoken to me about it before; I ____. done something to help you. 8 The accident have happened if he hadn't 2 Tick (V) those endings which can complete the sentences. Either one, two or all three answers are possible. 1 I'd much rather A. you have told me the truth. B [have a motorbike than a car. have gone shopping on my own. 2 If she didn’t want to see you, A. she wouldn't have invited you to her party. B what would you do? © she used to get me to tell you she wasn't at home. 3 If it hadn't been for the rain, A we didn't get wet. B we could have eaten outside. © we've enjoyed ourselves very much 4 Tcouldn’t have done it financially A. if my parents hadn't supported me. B had it not been for the financial support of my parents € without the financial support of my parents. 5 Ifyou push that button, A it goes faster B you'll regret it € nothing would happen. 6 Lwish I A. would have more time to do everything. B had had more time to do everything. © had more time to do everything, 7 If Lwere to lend him the money, A. he hadn't paid it back. B he wouldn't have paid it back. € he'd have to pay it back soon, 8 I'lltell her what you think A. if Lhappen to see her. B should she be interested? 24 € if that’s alright with youRead the text ‘through first before you start to make your choices g information aE Multiple-choice cloze For questions 1-8, read the text below and decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0). Garbology ‘To most people, landfill sites are (0)... holes in the ground where waste (A)........i8 buried. To garbologists, however, they provide a valuable (2)....... of information about a population’ activities in areas such as food consumption and waste.disposal. Garbology is a branch of ethnography, a science which abandons traditional methods of (3)........ market research information, such as questionnaires and focus groups, in favour of (4)....... observation of people and their habits.‘ ‘The world’s leading garbologist, Professor William Rathje, is also an archaeologist. Archaeologists study past cultures by examining the (8)....... of objec buildings, but the basic principles of archaeology can also be applied to the discarded rubbish of present-day civilizations in order to (6)....... 8 better understanding of how people behave now. Professor Rathje’s work is of (7)... interest to commerce; companies need to understand the lives of their consumers in order to create brands which will be of most (8)....... fo them, Rathje’s findings can help them achieve this. and 0 B simply € bluntly D directly 1A B product € fabric D material 2A spring B origin € source D fountain 3.Aholding —B meeting € obtaining comprising 4A near B close € tight D hard 5 A rests B ruins € relics D remains 6A gain B learn © make D gather 7 A high B large C great D deep 8 A function —_B serving C use D purpose Open cloze For questions 1-8, read the text below and think of the word which best fits each gap. Use only one word in each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0). Write your answers IN CAPITAL LETTERS, Pick a number I very (0) . MUCH. resent having my privacy invaded, but I would never (1) out of my way to make the lives of others difficult, (2) if they do interrupt a semi-final of the football World Cup. (3) was for this reason that I did not hang up as I heard the market researcher announce she was conducting a survey on behalf of my insurance company. (4) recently received settlement for a minor road accident, I supposed I was simply somewhere on a list of computer-generated phone calls, and just happened (5) .......... Pick up the receiver before hundreds of other insurance claimants, 1 started off with good intentions and did my best to provide her (6) ...r.e1 ANSWErS that accurately reflected my opinion. These were to be on a scale of I (extremely dissatisfied) to 10 (extremely satisfied). (7) . . by question number nine - ‘How satisfied were you with the time it (8) process your claim?’ ~ I had lost both interest and patience and resorted to calling out the numbers on the backs of players’ shirts as they appeared on my television screen. 25GEMD Gathering information Review 1 Read the following Writing Part 2 task and the model answer below. Would you be interested in seeing the show which is reviewed? You see the announcement below in a local magazine called StageCraft Thete’s nothing quite like live performance! And to encourage young people to attend a show we'te going to publish reviews of live performances written by you. It could be a concer, play, stand-up comedy act, dance ~ any entertainment performed in font of ative audience. Send in your view including any relevant background, opinions about the performance and whether you would recommend it to others, Sisters It sounded ambitious, to say the least: a cast of more than $0 children and teenagers (all local residents), a home-grown musical score and a modest community theatre, Would Sisters prove to be an evening of disastrous amateur dramatics? But any doubts disappeared when the curtain went back and the entire cast performed a superbly choreographed acrobatic routine that had the audience holding their breath. Sisters is the latest production by ‘dramability’ group Kaleidoscope, whose varied performances include dance, gymnastics, drama and song, Established ten years ago by Mary Pearson, largely to give her teenage daughters and their friends something to do after school, Kaleidoscope’s shows now regularly sell ont and their premises in an old warehouse provide a unique meeting place for young people. The plot is straightforward: two sisters, Annie and Beth, are separated as children and, many years later, they search to be reunited. Sisters, however, is more about style than narrative. The song-and-dance routines set in the children’s orphanage are comic, spellbinding and moving by turns. The original score, written by Mary Pearson, is particularly accomplished and the children’s vocal range is enormously impressive given their age and experience Admittedly, the lighting team struggled with inadequate resources but such unavoidable limitations only highlighted the achievements of the players themselves, This show, filled with movement and passion, compares favourably with many professional productions. There’s something for all ages here and Sisters shouldn't be missed. 2 What is the purpose of each paragraph in the model answer? Example: Paragraph 1: Grab the reader’ attention and introduce the performance. 3 Read the model answer again. How does the writer grab the reacler’s attention? 4 Make a note of the adjectives and adverbs used by the writer to express an opinion, Include any accompanying words. Example: superbly choreographed acrobatic routine 26Gathering information QE Vocabulary development 5 Complete the sentences with nouns from the box. success interpretation leads timing repertoire acoustics debut _ casting 1 Arthur Coburg made his directorial in 2004 and since that first filn has gone from strength to strength. 2 Both Wilson and Hughes have impeccable they know pause and when to cut in, which gives their dialogue an authentic 3 The Town Hall pas notoriously bad especially that echo, but visually the performance was most enjoyable actly when to flavour 4 The was excellent, especially the choice of Tania James as Hannah, 5 The last concert was rather mixed but this one was a resounding 6 I didn't find either of the _ particularly convineing; the supporting actors stole the show. 7 They performed some of the les made a refreshing change. ‘ser known pieces from their which, 8 His of the role was most original and marks him out as an actor to watch, Planning your review 6 You are going to write your own answer to the task in exercise 1. Before you do, make some notes in response to the questions below, 1. How are you going to grab the reader's attention? 2. What can you say about the background to this performance? Depending on what type of performance it is, you could think about the performer(s), the setting, the plot and the creator’s motivations. 3. What opinions do you have about the performance? What were its strengths and weaknesses? 4 Overall, what is your recommendation? 7 Now write your answer in 220-260 words. Remember, given the word limit, you might not be able to inchude all of your ideas. 27Reading and Cross-text multiple mate! Use of English ‘You are going to read commentaries by four different writers on their experience of executive burnout, For questions 1-4 on page 29, choose from the commentaries A-D below. The commentaries may be chosen more than once. Time to move on? Four writers comment on their experience of executive burnout at work. A. [would like to write a piece about the wisdom gained following my disillusionment with my work, but that would be fictitious. When I graduated, I accepted a contract with a major insurance company. During the first seven years, Istecled myself against the relentless pressure, and my achievements were recognized in every glowing performance appraisal. But when I was eventually offered 1 senior management position, there was an initial sense of elation and then the anti- climax. I soldiered on until it reached the point where I quite literally collapsed from exhaustion and required a period of time off work. I expected my employers to be sympathetic but I was, in essence, given an ultimatum; get back to work or move on, and it was this attitude that has left a bitter taste. Anecdotal evidence suggests mine was hardly a unique case, which makes me wonder how corporations can ever reach their productive potential. B_ From the point at which [left schoo! until my early thirties, I worked for an international bank. As most clients were operating in different time zones, you had to be available at all hours. It was physically and emotionally draining, but that’s the nature of the executive lifestyle colleagues were suffering the same degree of exhaustion. Yet with each move up the career ladder came a substantial pay rise and my ego found this irresistible. Essentially, it was my decision to tolerate the circumstances. But the time came when I simply could not face going into work anymore. I handed in my notice and the relief was immense. This gave me the opportunity to take stock and see how I could combine my passion for music with a new cater. Having said all that, in a time of recession, T was one of the fortunate few that that could enjoy a lifestyle many would envy so I bear no grudge. 28 © That desperate phenomenon of being ‘used up’ by vears of corporate servitude is something I knew was prevalent but never contemplated happening to me. In my case, I gave ten years of my life to a leading fashion magazine, during which time circulation figures saw a 22 per cent rise = something I feel can take considerable credit for wanted our product to be the best on the market, so I often found myself unwilling to delegate tasks I knew I could do better myself. As a result, the stress was constant and burnout inevitable. In retrospect, I see how this ridiculous situation was self-inflicted ~ a result of my need for perfection. I took a sabbatical and finally had the mental space to reassess my priorities and myself: whereas L once regarded my obsessive qualities as a professional advantage, since then, I have made a conscious effort to suppress them. At the same time, I resent the fact that my superiors were well aware of my level of fatigue and anxiety and did nothing to alleviate it. You know then that you are a mere cog in the machine. D_ For the first six years at a major PR company, I had no qualms about working extremely long hours. Then came my first child and a workload which had been feasible became overwhelming, compounded by a lack of sleep. It became apparent that I could not devote myself to the job to the degree required. Indeed, realizing my own limitations was a steep learning curve; it helped me redress the balance I needed in life and identify new priorities. [hold nothing against the company; they were entirely willing to allow me a sabbatical but I made my decision not to return within half that time. | feel that industry in general has come a long way in terms of employee welfare; there was a time when you got the sense that executives were being driven to the point of collapse, but orporate ethos appears to have changed since then.Work time Qa Which writer takes a similar view to writer C regarding their responsibility — [IT] for their experiences? expresses a different opinion from the others on the way their [2] experience contributed to their personal development? shares writer A's attitude towards the companies that formerly employed them? has a different view from the others on the extent to which Gi burnout is endemic within business? Verb + noun collocations 1 Complete the sentences with a noun from the box. [eet afi _adse noice _potal_quains ae wap 1 Management's insensitive handling of redundancies has left a bitter _in the mouths of many long-serving employees. (A) 2 We aim to get the best out of our employees and encourage them to reach their @ 3 Don't hand in your here without having another job to go to: make sure you have a firm job offer before resigning. (B) 4 Its not like Lucy to bear a . but you can understand her resentment at the way she was treated by her bosses. (B) 5 Icame up with the original idea, but its the design team who should take for the final product; without them it would never have been a success. (C) 6 The company has made a conscious to minimize its impact on the environment. (C) 7 The architect spent just two months on the project but he had no about requesting a seven-figure payment; in fact, he seemed upset when we questioned it. () 8 The construction industry has come a long, still far too many accidents occurring each year. (D) in terms of safety but there are 2. Check your answers in the reading text on page 28. The letters in brackets refer to the relevant sections of the text. Compound nouns Complete the sentences with a noun from the box then check your answers in the relevant section of the reading text. The letters in brackets refer to the relevant sections of the text. career learning management pay performance 1 After a succession of glowing appraisals, she was finally promoted to the senior position she so clearly deserved. (A) 2 My brother and [are very different; he does not share my ambition and has absolutely no desire to move up the ladder. (B) 3 Having been promised a substantial rise, employees were furious to discover that their salaries had been frozen. (B) 4 She had no training or experience so at the beginning it was a very steep curve, but she seems on top of the job now. (D) 29‘Add the expressions in bold in B10 your vocabulary ‘notebook. 30 Vocabulary ‘Wordlist on page 210 of the Coursebook. A. Body idioms 1 Complete the body idioms with words from the box. You may need to use a word more than once. brains eve face head knees nose feet foot 1 Angela put her supervisor’ out of joint last week; instead of consulting him, she went over his ‘and spoke directly to the manager. Her supervisor was furious. 2 Tim got off on the wrong _ with his new boss by daring to contradict her on his first day in the company. He doesn't see to with his line manager either; they disagree on almost everything. 3 ‘Can I pick your 2 You know a lot about banks. Which ones are offering the best deals on loans at the moment?” ‘Tim not sure. Tcan‘t tell you off the top of my _. I'll have to check.’ 4 Lynda only started up the company two months ago, so she's still finding her - But she’s got a good for business and I'm sure she'll do well. 5 Its pretty obvious you like the new boss. It's written all over your . Hannah, He only has to say ‘hello’ to you and you go weak at the 2. Match the idioms in exercise 1 with the meanings a-j. a from memory and without checking b start a relationship badly © annoy someone be good at things relating to business € be affected by a strong emotion £ disagree with someone & be obvious from one’s expression 1h go toa person with more authority in order to get what you want i. become familiar with and confident in a new situation J ask someone who knows a lot about a subject for information or an opinion B Time Complete the sentences with one of the words from the box, f aside for of into out on of ap 1 Sorry, I can't stop to chat ~I'm alittle pressed _ time. 2 We had hoped to discuss the matter in the meeting but we ran __of time. 3 Talways try to set___ some time cach day to read the newspaper: 4 5 We have a huge garden, which takes ___ most of my free time. Not many people have heard of her, but its only a matter _ time before she becomes famous, 6 [did as much as I could __ the time available. 7 We didn't arrange to meet ___ any specific time, but he should be here by now: 8 He is retiring from his post in order to devote more time ___ his family. 9 She gets straight to the point; she doesn't like to waste time ___small talk. 10 All pregnant women have the right to take time __work for antenatal care.Work tine @iZa Language focus © Grammar reference on page 218 of the Coursebook A. Gerunds and infinitives Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence. Use the word given, without changing it in any way. There is an example at the beginning (0). 0 She will often panic if there is a problem. ‘TENDENCY She Jhas.a tendenay to panic if there is a problem . 1 Twas surprised when he said he wouldn't work overtime, REFUSAL His 2 Don't bother to read that book. WORTH i 3 Shall I carry your bag LIKE, Would for you? 4 He tried very hard to give up junk food. EFFORT He 5 I'm very grateful to you for coming at such short notice. APPRECIATE, Treally 6 I found it impossible not to laugh when he said that, HELP 1 7 Ifyou don't leave now, you'll miss the bus. BETTER You 8 [find it difficult to remember names. DIFFICULTY 1 9 They made us clean up the mess. MADE We 10 She didn't like the fact that he had been treated so badly. BEING She objected 31AED viork time Coa 32 Reading and Use of English B Punctuation Each line in the following article contains a punctuation mistake. Correct the mistakes. ‘There is an example at the beginning (0). ts its 0 A heating company near Birmingham has introduced group hugs to #8 workforce in a drive to boost staif morale. Since, employees at Farrelly Engineering started hhugging first thing in the morning and last thing at night; profits have more than doubled Now the firm is introducing other initiatives, including soothing music and regular nights’ out at company expense. The idea came after Jerry Farrelly, the director went on a motivational course in an attempt to improve morale. He explained, that while many of his staff were suspicious at first, they soon came to appreciate the regime, Often new staff raise their eyebrows when they see what goes on, but we have found they soon get into the mood,’ he said, Padma Mistry ‘who works in the accounts-department, commented on the difference between the 10 attitudes of men and women, ‘The girls decided among themselves to start hugging 11 each other; she explained. “The men dont want to join in, but they have tried to 12 shake each others hands each day: A hug is a superb start to the day. We never eer aueene 13 argue now as everything is so relaxed. Its a really fun place to work.’ Rob Carter, 14 who has worked for the firm for five years saicl he used to work long hours and get, 15 very stressed. However that’s all changed. ‘It may sound strange, but I actually look 16 forward to going in to work on Monday now, he confessed.’ Multiple-choice cloze For questions 1-8, read the text below and decide which answer (A, B,C or D) best fits each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0). Dream job? A holiday company is advertising a ‘dream job’ as a waterslide tester (0)... someone with the opportunity to earn £20000 a year: The advertisement joins a list of job offers which just happen to be (1)...... by a detailed press release. Remember when a job as the ‘caretaker’ of one of the world’s most beautiful island paradises (2)...., the news? Charity worker Ben Southall reportedly (3)...... 35000 applicants and, even before he was (4)... a5 the winner, the head of Tourism Queensland said the stunt had (8) ,, the organization £55m. One airline passenger who complained about the quality of the ight food was given a job as a taster by Virgin Airlines, although it is perhaps a of opinion whether that meets the criteria for ‘dream job’. The holiday company says that shortlisted applicants will be taken to a water park to (7)...... who gets the job and that the successful candidate will (8)...... slides based on the ‘adrenalin factor’, as well as share their experiences via social media. 0 A offering B giving € providing inviting 1 Attended _B supplemented € combined _D_ accompanied 2 A made B filled € attracted involved 3 Acchallenged — B overcame © beat D opposed 4 Aawarded —— B announced © stated D claimed 5 A earned B gained € acquired profited 6 A case B matter € sense D point 7 Ainfluence — B elect € figure D determine 8 A value B rate € regard D qualifyWork time Qi Reading and) Open cloze Use of English through frst before you start to make your choices: + The emphasis is con grammatical words, such as prepositions, ‘uliary verbs and artces. Reading and Use of English For questions 1-8, read the text below and think of the word which best fits each gap. Use only one word in each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0). Write your answers IN CAPITAL LETTERS, Female butlers A new breed of butlers has appeared the scene; increasingly, it seems (0). [HE., rich and famous are turning (1)......... women to perform the little domestic duties of everyday life. But (2) ..."..... fgmale butlers are in ever greater demand, they are also in short supply. Ivor Spencer, who runs the most traditional (3)... the well-known butler schools, has trained only eight women in 21 years. Even at the more progressive butler academies fewer than one in four trainees is female. Butlerine Sarah Whittle says that women are in demand because they're less stuffy than men. ‘We're better (4) ..... Picking up on people's moods,’ she says. ‘And we can organize several things at (3) ...»..: iS in our nature to multitask.’ Whittle (6) expected to be smart and professional (7) ....... duty, but she does get glamorous perks ~ presents of chocolate, champagne and, on one occasion, an expensive pair of shoes. But the job has its downsides. Hundred-hour weeks are (8) uncommon, the hours are tunsociable and the tasks often less than glamorous. Word formation For questions 1-8 read the text below. Use the word given in capitals at the end of some of the lines to form a word that fits in the gap in the same line. There is an example at the beginning (0). Write your answers IN CAPITAL LETTERS. Sales manager As part of its major new programme of (0) .EXP EXPAND Cosmetics is seeking to appoint a dynamic sales professional to fun a team of sales (1)... in the UK, REPRESENT You will be highly-motivated, with the drive and (2) DETERMINE, to be the best in your field, You will also have strong (3) LEAD qualities and be an effective communicator: The position will involve frequent travel to Europe for (4) Jasnsnesnes ATTEND international sales conferences, as well as training courses at our rity will be given to those (5) APPLY who can demonstrate a good working knowledge of French, head office in Lyon, Pri Previous experience in the cosmetics industry is (6)... . PREFER though not essential. We guarantee a comprehensive and @ remuneration package, including a company car, COMPETE private health insurance and a contributory pension scheme. If you feel you have the necessary qualities and background, send your CV to Alain Sylvestre, 22 rue Marivaux, 69142 Lyon, France. Closing date For (8). ssnsssns OF applications: September 25th, RECEIVE 33fligzma: Work time 34 Reports 1 Read the following Writing Part 2 task, An international research group is carrying out an investigation into changing trends in the way young people spend their free time. You have been asked to write a report about the situation in your country. You should: * describe the changes that have taken place over the last twenty years in the way that young people spend their free time ‘+ say whether these changes have been for the better or the worse + suggest how you think the situation might develop in the future. Write your report in 220-260 words. 2 The following report was written in answer to the task above by a British person in the mid-1960s. Put the paragraphs in the correct order, using the underlined words to help you. Then write a suitable heading for each paragraph, Young people’s leisure time activities 1 ‘The growth in popularity of the car has made once popular pastimes rather dangerous. Street games. such as footbal, skipping or marbles are no longer such a cormmon sight. Similarly, cycing on the open road is becoming less attractive, particularly withthe construction of motorways, which began at the end ofthe last decade. Sadly, youngsters now spend more time inthe home, where another invention has radically transformed their habits, 2 a ‘The main difference hetween now and twenty years ago is the increased wealth and greater amount of free time available to young people. This, in itself, represents a welcome change, but two ather developments have restricted the nature and quality of leisuretime actiuities. 3 Itis highly ely that television will continue to dominate the lives of our youth in the years to come, Teenagers and people in their twenties may well spend most of their spare time at home, simply watching TV programmes or listening to their latest Iong-playing records. They might even begin to wish they had less free time on their hands. eeu ‘The purpose of this repaxtis to comment on recent changes in the way young people make use of their spate time in my country and to consider possible future trends. 5 Where previously whole families would gather round the radio to isten to a grinping drama, now children fight with their parents over which ofthe two television channels they should select. Courting couples rately go ballroom dancing or join long queues outside cinemas and music halls as they once did; instead, they stay into watch television or perhaps worse, attend wild pop concerts or parties, where they dance in uncontroled ways,Work time Qa 3 Find examples in the model of the following: Language used to compare the past and the present Different ways of referring to young, people e.g. once popular pastimes e.g. youngsters Language used to make future predictions | Different ways of referring (o free time e.g, It is highly likely that television will continue 4 Underline those words and expressions which express the writer's opinion on whether the changes have been for the better or the worse. Example: This, in itself, represents a weleome change . The writer of the report uses a consistently formal register: Sometimes, this involves using nouns rather than verbs. For each of the following, find the equivalent expression in the model answer a The car has become more and more popular b . especially because they've built motorways ¢ ... young people have more money and more free time. eter Refer to the following sections in the Woxdist of the Caursebook + Possibility: page 208 * Change: page 209 errs Plan your answer before you write, Use a consistently formal register Link one paragraph with the next, asin the model + Give your report a tile and each of ‘your paragraohs 3 heading, 6 Now write your own answer to the question on page 34. 35,36 Reading and Use of English i Gapped text 1 You are going to read an extract from an article about the partnership between two people who work as advertising creatives. Choose from the paragraphs A~G on page 37, the one that fits each gap (1-6). There is one extra paragraph which you do not need to use. A creative partnership Finding the right partner was the most important ‘part of Laurent Simon and Aidan McClure’s careers as advertising creatives — and yes, as they tell Leo Benedictus, itis like a marriage, Down the hall I follow a man in uniform through a complex of photographic studios. And there, in the loud white room where he releases me, is a milling group of stylists, models and photographers. Everyone is striving to realize the vision of two advertising creatives ~ Laurent Simon and Aidan McClure. But I can't tell you what that vision is because this is part of their presentation for winning new business, and news, in London's ad land, travels fast. Its probably for this reason that McClure is eyeing the notebook where I have been jotting all the confidential details, We agree to move downstairs. McClure and Simon admit that, given all the time they spend together tussling over new ideas, they see far more of one another than they do of their girlfriends. | Finding a partner, therefore, is scarcely less fraught than choosing a husband or a wife. ‘It was quite an emotional rollercoaster,’ McClure remembers from their days at college. ‘There's this mad scramble where everyone tries to find a partner: Then normally those partners don't work out. So you have all these break-ups. And they can be quite messy, because one person wants to break up, but the other person thought everything was fine.’ BC Simon says that it still is but McClure vehemently disagrees. ‘So then we met in a pub and we were like “Shall we give ita go? Shall we not?” And we decided to give it a week or so. And six years later ‘They both laugh. As is usual, one person had to be designated the ‘copywriter (McClure), and the other the ‘art director’ (Simon). In practice, however: the distinction is often hazy, as itis the overall concepts that really matter & — And, in the four years since, they have been busy, working on TV, poster, radio and newspaper campaigns for Maltesers, KFC°, Dulux and other big brands, Each job begins with a brief prepared by the agency's strategic planners, setting out what the client is trying to do. From this, Simon and McClure must conjure up a marketing idea that will accomplish it. They tend not to deal directly with the clients, ES ‘They must be doing it well, however, because once a team fails to be outstanding in this business, there's only one outcome. ‘People get made redundant quite a fair old bit,’ McCluresays, scratching his head. Little wonder that the details of today’s pitch matter so much, Indeed, it is probably fair to say that no industry besides advertising gives creative people so much time or money Get! 9 on Ge not always last forever: “You see some teams that really don’t get on, McClure chuckles. ‘They fight openly in front of you, he continues, ‘We had one where this team obviously hated each other and to get their ideas absolutely right. | Such harmony, I can't help feeling, must be a pleasure,in itself. Though it does awe did say, "If we ever get to that stage, it’s just not worth it.” They smile, and look at each other. Simon is nodding his head in agreement. ‘But luckily we haven't got to that stage,’ he says. ‘A. Ayoung female colleague loiters nervously nearby. She asks the boys a question about the shoot, and Simon says ‘Yes please’ to her immediately. There is no consultation, and McClure does not correct him. It is strikingly clear that both men feel sure that they want the same thing, B_ And yet, though they clearly love all these perks, itis also obvious that the wor itself is what gives them the greatest satisfaction. ‘Its the best job in the world McClure grins. € But then it is the relationship between two ‘creatives’ that powers this entire industry; each creative team is hired together, briefed together, assessed together, and fired together. There are teams in London today who have been coming up with ads for 40 years or more. D_ ‘It part of our job when we work on pitches, you have to keep it under your hat, ‘McClure explains regretfully as he shakes my hand. ‘It's a small world,’ his partner Simon agrees, ‘so everyone knows everyone. And it’ very, very competitive.’ E_ Inthis respect the two men excelled themselves, winning an award for producing the country’s best student portfolio at the end of their year at college. The prize was three internships at leading agencies, one of which took them on, F Indeed, having gone through such procedures several times, McClure and Simon found themselves the last two singletons on the prestigious Watford advertising course. Tdidn’t understand Laurent, because his English was so bad,’ McClure says. G This role is taken by account executives, who act as the industry's go-betweens, smoothing out creative differences and arguing the absent party's case. Simon admits that there's a lot of joking around. "They're always saying, “Oh you creatives, trying to do something out-of-this-world.” 37A\ Getting on 38 Vocabulary Wordlist an page 210 of the Coursebook. / A Adjective and noun collocations 1 Match each of the nouns in the box to one of the groups of adjectives 1-8. All the adjectives in the group must collocate with the noun, relationship argument love feelings family friend couple _ tension 1 brotherly first true unrequited 2 inner + mixed negative strong = 3 courting elderly married young = 4 close love-hate rocky stable 5 best close mutual school 6 adoptive extended immediate single-parent 7 heated furious fierce pointless 8 family social rising heightened 2 Complete the sentences with an appropriate adjective from exercise 1 1 Thavea____ relationship with my job; how I feel about it usually depends on what mood 'm in when I get to work. argument: neither of us was ever likely to change the other's 3 Her latest novel is a tale of _ love; Ross is besotted with his boss Hermione, who shows no interest in her young admire 4 Sandra's parents have feelings about her going to live abroad; they want her to lead her own life, but they'd be happier if she did so closer to home. 5 We're not inviting any aunts or uncles and so on just the family. 6 I met Paul on holiday and he's become quite a 7 The photograph shows a young about their forthcoming wedding. 8 Faced with mounting of far-reaching political reforms. B Verbs ‘Complete the sentences with the appropriate form of one of the verbs from the box. In each pair of sentences 1-4, the verb required in a and b is the same. friend. couple speaking to a priest, probably tension, the government introduced a number call fall take turn La The other children laughed at her, __her names and made her cry. b Alan Kelcher was very laid-back, and let his pupils him by his first 2a Lalways thought that love at first sight only happened in films but 1__ for Jill the moment I set eyes on her: bHe ‘out with his father after a blazing row and hasn't spoken to him since. 3.a He had a friendly, open face and she an instant liking to him. b In appearance she after her father, but she’s inherited her intelligence from her mother 4a He was heartbroken when she down his proposal of marriage. b usually to my mother for help or advice: shes a better listener than my father,Getting on GE Language focus ©)» Grammar reteronce on page 219 of the Coursebook. A Relative clauses Correct the following sentences by changing the underlined word. You should write only one word. We thought it was horrible, so we gave it to my mother, she loves that kind of thing. The plane took bff over two hours late, what meant I missed my connecting flight, He was criticized for giving a speech on a subject about that he knew very litte. There are two of three people in the photo which name I can't remember, We're going back to the same hotel that we stayed last year: I still don't understand the reason because they decided to clase the sports centre. My eldest son, that lives in Japan now, hardly ever comes back to visit us. Kate and Steve were the only two people from work to came to our wedding. et auaene B Alternatives to relative clauses 1. Infinitives with ‘to’ can be used + afier words like someone, nobody, anything, ete. There’s nothing to suggest the crimes are connected. (= nothing which suggests) + to replace relative clauses containing a modal verb. There are many dishes to choose from. (= many dishes which you can choose from) ‘+ after phrases like the first, the next, the only and superlatives, The next person to talk will get exira homework. (= the next person who talks) 2. Relative clauses can be reduced by using: + a present participle, Who’ that person sitting next 10 your brother? (= person who is sitting) * a past participle. The two men arrested in connection with the robbery have been released without charge. (= men who were/had been arrested) 41 Which famous siblings are described in each of the following pairs of sentences? 1a. They are not the only sisters ever to play each other in the final of a Wimbledon championship. b Serena beat Venus in the 2002, 2003 and 2009 finals, but Venus was the one to vin the battle of the sisters in the 2008 final. 2a When Michael was four, his dad gave him a go-kart powered by a lawnmower b After a race, Ralf was usually the first to phone his mother; 3a Some of their most famous films are Monkey Business, Duck Soup and A Night at she Opera, all released in the 1930s. b One of the five brothers ‘wore’ a moustache painted on with black greasepaint; he found it easier than glueing one on 4a Fans hoping to see Janet in concert were disappointed to hear that she had cancelled her planned tour. b_ Michael began his musical career at the age of five as the lead singer of a group com B ht brothers and siste 2 Rewrite the underlined parts of the above sentences using relative pronouns. Example: 1 a the only sisters who have ever played each other so1 Getting on Reading and Use of English Reading and Use of English one 40 Multiple-choice cloze For questions 1-8, read the text below and decide which answer (A, B, € or D) best fits each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0). Dutch children enjoy their freedom Dutch children have just been (0)...... Europe's most fortunate by a recent UNICEF survey, From a tender age, their opinions are (1)... their wishes respected, and there is no homework until their last year in preparatory school. Some would (2)... that the tendency of Dutch society tofencourage infants to experience whatever they please has (3)... whole generation into spoil, undisciplined brats. Others say family members are remarkably (4) with one another, feeling free to say anything, and that the way parents (6)... with their children’s anxieties means that the chitdren are well adjusted, Dr Gerrit Breeusma, head of development psychology at the University of Groningen, says the survey's results came as no (6)... . “Children have always played a very important role in Holland but there were (7)... within famiias during the sixties, usually over matters of discipline,’ he says. ‘As a result, the generation growing up at that time have made sure they get on better with their kids.” It seems that ‘Let them be free” is now the (@).... rule for child-rearing in the Netheriands. 0 A compared B put C rated D assessed 1 A regarded B valued € recognized — D_measured 2 A argue B criticize € defend D judge 3 A resulted B created C brought D turned 4 A alike B open C true D careful 5 A empathize B understand C analyse D handle 6 A doubt B difference € consequence D surprise 7 A beliefs B conflicts € decisions: D contradictions 8 Asolid B iron golden D fixed Word formation For questions 1-8, read the text below, Use the word given in capitals at the end of some of the lines to form a word that fits in the gap in the same line. There is an example at the beginning (0). Write your answers IN CAPITAL LETTERS. An emotional reunion Tn (0) . REMARKABLE. scenes at Longleat Safari park, a pair of gorillas who REMARK ‘were brought up together but then sent to separate 700s greeted each other aM with outstretched arms. Nine-year-old Alf may have felt ENTHUSIASM slightly (2) at meeting his 35-stone older brother, Kesho, after EASE three years apart, but any (3)... _.. Was dispelled as soon as the ANXIOUS, gorillas were reunited. They hugged, slapped each other's backs and even shook hands. Born at Dublin Zoo, the siblings were separated when Kesho, 13, was sent to London Zoo to take part ina (4)... programme. BREED Since then, Kesho has grown almost beyond (5) .......... ..- While living RECOGNIZE with three females as the (6) male, he became the leader of the DOMINATE. pack and transformed from a small blackback gorilla to a silverback. Alf, who has yet to mature, is about a third of Kesho's (7) . Mark WEIGH ‘Tye, head gorilla keeper at Longleat, said: ‘They were very animated and there was a lot of rough and tumble, but not in an ageressive way. It is quite unusual to see that sort of childlike (8) sanernne ina Silverback.” BEHAVEGetting on GEE Reading and Use of Engli im Key word transformation For questions 1-6, complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given, You must use between three and six words, including the word given. Write your answers IN CAPITAL LETTERS. 1 After I emigrated, I made an effort not to lose contact with my old schoolfriends PAINS After Femigrated, To... {in touch with my old schoolfriends. 2 I didn't like my poss from the very first moment I met her INSTANT. When I first met my boss, I took her 3 His constant moaning tends to irritate people. Ger He has a... people's nerves with his constant moaning. 4 He couldn't return the jacket to its owner because he had no idea who it belonged to. WHOSE He would have returned the jacket to it8 oWNEF if .....sssnnnserennnene WAS: 5 [find it hard to explain what it is T admire about him, wuy find it hard to explain the ssossuns UP to him, 6 Ton‘ like the way Sue thinks she's mote important than everyone else STOP T wish on everyone else. il Essay 1 Read the Writing Part I task and answer the following questions: a What is antisocial behaviour? Think of some examples? 'b What do the three ‘opinions expressed in the seminar’ mean? How do you think the opinions could be developed in the essay? ‘Your class has attended a seminar on what methods the government could use to reduce antisocial behaviour amongst teenagers. You have made the notes below: Methods tt Id use to reduce antisocial behaviour amongst teenagers + punishment ‘Some opinions expressed in the seminar: “We should be looking at causes before + education sending people to prison.’ + activities “Teens are more likely to listen to someone they admire.” “Young people sometimes don't have anything to do in their area.” Write an essay discussing two of the methods in your notes. You should explain which method you think is more important for governments to consider, giving reasons in. support of your answer: ‘You may, if you wish, make use of the opinions expressed in the seminar, but you should use your own words as far as possible. Write your essay in 220-260 words. aA Getting on 2 Now read the model answer and answer the questions. a Which of the three methods does the writer refer to? 'b Which method does he decide is less important and what reason does he give for this decision? © Which method does he decide is more important, and why? Appropriate methods for reducing antisocial. behaviour Antisdclal behaviour is becoming an increasingly common occurrence affecting many urban and suburban areas. Vandalism, graffiti and general noise disturbance can have a terrible impact on communities ie government needs to deal with this widespread. problem before the situation gets even worse. There are many people in society who support proposals for tougher sentencing. They believe that time spent behind bars or at a youth detention centre will discourage people from continuing on the ‘wrong path’ However, it is simply not the case that jail time acts as a deterrent. Indeed, it is more likely to expose teenagers to more experienced. criminals. Furthermore, evidence suggests that by inrisoing young people, the justice system may increase their dislike of authority. This, in tum, could result in further antisocial activity. There. is no doubt in my mind that a high incidence of antisocial behaviour is linked to boredom. A recent UK survey found. that two-thirds of young people cited having ‘nothing to do’ as @ principal reason for offending. It is_therefore my firm belief that the government could. tackle this issue by investing in amenities such as sports centres and skate parks where teens could. spend. their time more productively. Many young people are. also interested. in developing technical. skills in areas such as music and. computer programming so free or subsidized classes in these subjects would certainly be worth considering. To conclude, any solution will involve serious financial investment. However, imprisonment is only a short-term answer whereas providing young people with a range of activities that develop their skills could have tong= term benefits, not just for individuals, but for society as a whole. Look at the underlined words and phrases in the essay. Which are used for a providing proof? (x2) b stating your own opinion 62) © showing causes and results ? (x3) ‘Add the expressions in exercise 3 d indicating contrast ? (x2) {0 your vocabulary notebook 4 The writer avoids using the same vocabulary by using synonyms or alternative phrases. Match the words 1-6 with a word or phrase expressing a similar idea a-f, 1 affecting a issue 2 deal with b ave an impact on 3 problem © nothing to do 4 discourage answer 5 boredom € tackle 6 solution f deterrent 425 Now read the Writing Part | task below: Your class has attended a seminar on what methods the government could use to reduce the number of car accidents involving young drivers. You have made the notes below: Methods the government could. use to improve driving safety. in young people + legislation + training’ + social media campaigns ‘Some opinions expressed in the seminar: ‘We should raise the legal age for driving.” “Young people should be required to altend several driving courses, not just one. “Young people are more likely to listen to role models their own age. Write an essay discussing two of the methods in your notes. You should explain which method you think is more important for governments to consider, giving reasons in support of your answer. You may, if you wish, make use of the opinions expressed in the seminat, but you should use your own words as far as possible. Write your essay in 220-260 words. OMA Ocala’ + Decide which two general methods you want to discuss, e.g, legislation, training or social media campaigns. * Decide what ideas within these twa general methods you went to explore, e.g. legislation = issuing heavy fines, raising legal age for driving, forbidding young people to camry passengers, etc. conditions, etc social media campaigns = using role models to campaign against speeding, interviews with the police, et “+ Write your essay using some of the language you have seen in this writing section, Ayoid repeating words and ph longer period of practical traning, training courses for driving in difficult ses “+ Make sure you Support your opinion with reasons. 43* Bai in the mind? Reading and Use of English Multiple matching 1 Read sections A and B of the text, In these paragraphs, the writer's tone shows that she is probably a sceptical regarding the use of dogs in the classroom, b impressed with Henry’ effect on the children, © unconvincdd that Henry is making any difference. 2 You are going'to read a newspaper article about the effect of having a dog in the classroom, For questions 1-10, choose from the sections (AF), The paragraphs may be chosen more than once. In which paragraph are the following mentioned? a way that students can overcome their fear of making mistakes Go the fundamental reason why dogs in general have a positive impact Br on people's happiness ‘4 motivating reason for students to keep up with their schoolwork BO evidence to back up the theory that dogs can improve physical well-being [4[_] people eventually being persuaded that a dog at school is beneficial Br) a misunderstanding concerning the way a dog is being cared for (el) the popularity of a dog not attracting negative feelings a decision which was taken to avoid provoking people the accusation that schools have dogs just to attract media attention BL {10 the criteria regarding the selection of an appropriate dogAllin the mind? @iGa Paws for thought Buying a dog for a school isn’t a barking mad idea, says Mary Braid. Man's best friend ts also a useful classroom assistant. A Henry is the undisputed star of Dronfield School near Sheffield, Whatever the achievements of other members of the comprehensive school, itis Henry, wit his soulful eyes and glossy hair, who has hogged the limelight, appearing on television in Britain and abroad, Yet despite all the public adulation, Henry stirs resentment among the 2000 students ~ in fet, they all adore him, saying the Cavalier King Charles spaniel is simply a pupil’s best. friend. Their teachers make even greater assertions for Hengy: They say the dog, who st arrived Six months ago, isa super dog, who has improved pupil behaviour and encouraged more students to focus on their femic achievement. e's hard not to drift off in a large class sometimes’ explains Andrew Wainwright, 15, who, like everyone else, is crazy about Henry-'So when I go to catch-up classes, Henry is always in the room where they're held. He helps me focus and get on with it? Andrew says Henry isa calming influence although he is unsure of why this might be. But he knows that there’s something magical about being abfe to interact with Henry while he is studying, He knows that if he falls behind, that opportunity will be denied. Even doubting staff have finally been won round. Perhaps that is because Henry, who lies on the floor during staff meetings, has also had a ‘calming influence on them, c Wendy Brown is Andrew’s teacher It was Brown and Juli Smart, the school counsellor, ‘who first proposed buying school dog. ‘julie and I grew up with dogs and we were talking one day about how looking after dogs can affect children’s conduct’ says Brown. ‘We did some research and discovered that the presence of pets has been shown to be ‘therapeutic, A number of studies have found that animals improve recovery after surgery, or illness and have a calming influence on people in lots of settings. Some of my kids can be a handful and some of the children Julie counsels have terrible problems? D ‘The two teachers could have plucked a dog from a rescue centre but felt that those logs were more likely to have their own behavioural issues, What they and what troubled children needed was a stable, intelligent, peopleloving anim Step forward then puppy Henry purchased from local breeder. Julie looks after him ater School hours ~ information that has pacified animal loyers who, assuming he was being kept 04 the premises overnight, complained to the school about Henry’ trcatment.Also, the schoo! budget was too tight to buy a dog. and you ean imagine that putting one before books might have stired some people up bite wanted the least controversy possible so we settled on approaching local chusche ‘They donated the funds to buy him and his favourite food: E Could the school dog become a craze? Other schools such as the Mulberry Bush, primary school for 36 children with behavioural problems, have stepped forward to point ‘out they already have one. Rosie Johnston, ‘a Mulberry staff member, first brought her golden retriever, Muskoka, into school when he was nine weeks old. That was three years ago. Aside from being a calming influence, Muskoka even plays his part in literacy lessons. Children at the school can be too shy to read to adults so they read to Muskoka ‘Their anxiety about mispronouncing something or getting the words in the wrong, order is reduced when they read to him, says Johnston, F Psychologist Dr Deborah Wells from Queen’s University Belfast specializes in animal-human interaction, She believes the underlying key to the Henry effect is that dogs offer unconditional love and that cheers up adults and children and helps with sel esteem, But traditionalist Chris Woodhead, the former chief inspector of schools says, ‘Lean see how children with behavioural ifficulties might be helped but I'm sceptical about the use of dogs in mainstream education, I don't see why a teacher cannot ‘create a positive learning environment through the subject they teach and their personality. Dogs strike me as a bit of a ‘publicity stunt, Irs the kind of sentimental story journalists love’ Despite this sentiment, Henry remains as popular as ever. 45ail All in the mind? Study the expressions in bold in for one minute Then cover the sentence endings ‘act and look only at the beginnings 1-6. How many expressions can you remember? Vocabulary Wordlist on page 211 of the Coursebook. A Sleep Complete the sentences with one of the words from the box. 1 The neighbéurs had a party last night and we didn’t get sleep till about 3am. 2 Istayed to watch the boxing last night -it started just after midnight. 3 Our daughter still doesn't sleep _ the night - she always wakes up at least once. 4 She went to bed exhausted and immediately fell a deep sleep. 5 The review of his performance was far from complimentary, but he wasn't going to lose any sleep it 6 I'm going to sleep it tonight and I'll let you know my decision tomorrow. 7 Lcouldn't tell you what happened ~ I nodded Just before the end of the film. 8 A surprisingly high percentage of the population suffers insomnia. Abilities Match each sentence beginning 1-6 with an appropriate ending af. 1 This highly talented artist a for figures, and he leaves all the has an eye accounting work to his wife, Pam. 2 Realizing he did not have b for music, he gave up trying to learn a good ear the piano and took up acting instead. 3 The young reporter clearly €or languages, and has taught himself had a nose Russian, Greek and Polish 4 He admits that he doesn't d for detail and many of his works have a head are mistaken for photographs. 5 Dave did it himself; he is € fora good story and he wrote several adab hand exclusives for the popular tabloid. 6 Being bilingual he has £ at DIY and wouldn't dream of getting a natural flair a builder in to do anything, C Adjectives in film reviews ‘Match each of the adjectives to an appropriate description. moving clichéd gripping over-hyped stunning excruciating innovative unconvincing 1 Both the plot and the characters were difficult to believe, 2 It contains some very new and original animation techniques. 3. We've seen this type of thing so many times before. 4 Ithad me on the edge of my seat. 5 It didn't live up to the expectations created by all the publicity. 6 Take a big box of tissues to this one ~ you'll need them, 7 Painful to watch; the most boring film of the year: 8 She gave an amazing performance ~ her most impressive yet.Allin the mind? @@ai Language focus > Grammar reference on pages 219-220 of the Coursebook. 1 In 1-5 below, decide which sentence, a or b, follows on more naturally from the first sentence, 1 Captain John Simms, the controversial chairman of league leaders Greendale United is in the news again. a The 5%year-old former ex-Army officer has announced his intention to cut players’ wages by ten per cent if they fail to win their semi-final cup match against neighbours Bromwich City on Saturday. b_ The intention to cut players’ wages by ten per cent if they fail to win their semi-final cup match against neighbours Bromwich City on Saturday has been announced by the 59-year-old ex-Army officer. 2 After Paris, this magnificent collection of paintings moves to the Reina Sofia Museum in Madrid, where it will remain until January. a A number of leading financial organizations, including two major Spanish banks and the French insurance giant ULP, which devotes one per cent of its profits to the arts, have sponsored the exhibition b_ The exhibition has been sponsored by a number of leading financial organizations, including two major Spanish banks and the French insurance giant ULP, which devotes one per cent of its profits to the arts, 3 Annette Sawyer is the brainiest student in town! a The people marking her GCSE examination papers have awarded the sixteen- year-old from Brayton High School top marks in all eleven of her exams, a record for any pupil from Tipton, past or present. b_ The sixteen-year-old from Brayton High School has been awarded top marks in all eleven of her GCSE exams, a record for any pupil from Tipton, past or present. 4 The driver of a delivery van is recovering in hospital from head injuries sustained in a curious incident which occurred in the centre of Worthing yesterday. Paul Roberts of Kingston Lane, Shoreham, was on his way home when he crashed into a lorry parked outside the main post office in Harper Street, b A lorry parked outside the main post office in Harper Street was erashed into by Paul Roberts of Kingston Lane, Shoreham, as he was on his way home. 5 Everything is done to ensure maximum comfort and relaxation for our guests during their stay at the Wilton Hotel a The cleaners do not come in to lean your room until 11 am each day, so as not to disturb you. b Rooms are not cleaned until 11 am each day in order to avoid possible disturbance, and I only came 0 use Everything is done to ensure maximum comfort and relaxation for our guests during their stay at the Wilton Hotel. 47{8 All in the mind? 48 Reading and Use of English res 2 Complete the second sentence s0 that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence. ‘There is an example at the beginning (0) 0 Everyone knows she is a close friend of the prime minister She ___is kriown to be a close friend of the prime minieter 1. Itis understood that the company is planning a takeover bid for its rival. ‘The company __ 2. Police say the offences took place on Monday. The offences twas travelling at over 100 mph. 3. Itis believed that the injured motoreyc! ‘The injured 4 Experts thoiight that infected chickens were responsible for the outbreak of hu. Infected chickens 5. They alleged she had lied in order to protect her boyfriend, She 6 Someone stole my camera last weekend. Thad 7 Your eyes need testing. You need a 8 My foot became stuck in the hole. 1 Open cloze For questions 1-8, read the text below and think of the word which best fits each gap. Use only one word in each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0). Write your answers IN CAPITAL LETTERS. Snoring Sleep deprivation can make us very angry, which is (0) _ snoring ~the human equivalent of a car alarm (A)... Set off at night ~ can be so irritating. Most people snore ‘occasionally, but in middle age about 40 per cent of men and 20 per cent of women (2). esne 80 Fegularly, Snoring can ruin relationships and be intensely embarrassing. Snorers who go into hospital, for example, may worry that they'll keep the whole ward awake, But snoring doesn’t (3) . afflict the unafflcted; snorers may also distur (4) .snu 3N0 feel sleepy during the day. Snoring can sometimes be a symptam of a more serious condition, such as sleep apnoea, a syndrome in (5) _ breathing is significantly disrupted during sleep. Some people may start off (6)... uncomplicated snorers, but develop sleep apnoea as they get older. Sufferers have airways that become obstructed during sleep. Typically, they snore loudly, stop breathing, struggle (7)......... ait, partly wake up, gulp a bit, and then recommence snoring, The cycle may (8)... peated over 100 times an hour.Allin the mind? @ail Reading and id Multiple-choice cloze Use of English For questions 1-8, read the text below and decide which answer (A, B, € or D) best fits each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0). What makes a musical genius? In the early 1990s, the psychologist K. Anders Ericsson and two colleagues (0) themselves at Berlin's elite Academy of Music. With the help of the academy's professors, they (1)....... the schoo’s violinists into three groups. First were the students with the 2)... 10 begome world-class soloists. Second were those (@)....... to be merely ‘good! Third were the students (4)... ever to play professionally and who intended to be music teachers in schools, All were then asked how many hours they had practised since they first picked up a violin. Everyone, from all three groups, had started playing at roughly the age of five and practised for two or three hours a week. But around the age of eight, differences started to (5) ‘The students who would (8)... as the best in their class began to practise more than everyone else, until by the age of 20 they were practising (7) over 30 hours a week. By then, the elite performers had all totalled 10000 hours of practice over the (8)........ of their lives, the merely good students 8000 hours and the future music teachers just over 4000 hours. 0 A settled in B insta C set up D included 1 A parted B shared C divided D broke 2 A promise B potential C prodigy D power 3 B measured Ccalculated —_D judged 4 Aimprobable — B doubtful C unlikely D unsure 5 Aemer B happen C erupt D arrive 6 Acome out B close off C result in Dendup 7 Awell B much C very D far 8 Atrack B way € course D path Reading and Use of English Word formation For questions 1-8, read the text below. Use the word given in capitals at the end of some of the lines to form a word that fits in the gap in the same line. There is an example at the beginning (0). Write your answers IN CAPITAL LETTERS. Hold the line Scientists believe they have demonstrated why mobile phone conversations seem more (0) .. INTRUSIVE... in a publie place than INTRUDE the general noise of people talking to one another in the background, Ina recent experiment, the (1) ssn, WeTe asked to Solve some PARTICIPATE, anagram puzzles, which they were led to believe was the true Q) _ of the experiment. However, to measure their levels of OBJECT @) researchers also conducted a scripted conversation DISTRACT which they knew would be overheard - either between two people at, the back of the room or between someone on a mobile phone and an. unseen caller. Those who heard the phone conversation found it A) voc ‘more annoying but also found the content and words SIGNIFY from it much More (3) oss Dr Rosa Vessal, co-author of the | MEMORY study, believes that we may pay more attention to a cell phone conversation because its content is (6) and we don't know PREDICT where it's heading. This suggests that communal workplaces where where people (7) make or take phone calls may suffer HABIT from reduced (8) as employees overhear these one-sided PRODUCE, conversations 49B\\EWD an in the mina? Proposal 1 50 Read the following Writing Part 2 task and the two sample answers below. Which of the versions is more likely to impress the college director? Give reasons for your answer Your college wishes to establish a new club for the students. The new club has the goal of ‘expanding the mind’. You have been asked by the college director to propose what sort of new club should be created. Your proposal should * describe the new club + explain how it would ‘expand the mind’ + suggest wajs of encouraging participation, Sample answer A My proposal Our college has got lots of clubs already but they're mostly for sporty types. So why don't we set up a debating club? People have been having debates for ages -| think the Greeks started it ~ and it's still really Useful. Basically, debaters argue with each other. But you mustn’t lose your temper. You've got to think it through and try and talk people around, so you need to think about what you're going to say before you get started, Then, if you can see you've made your point, move on to the next one or you'll bore everyone rigid. So I think it's a really tricky thing to de. | think students will come to the club. We just need to let them know about it. Why don't we choose topics that are poking fun at someone, like the teachers at the college - the students will really love that! Then | think we should stick up posters everywhere. And let's put a bit | cof video on the website of a funny debate. And what about giving something to the winner? People will turn up for sure if there's a prize Sol think @ debating club would be a really good idea, Sample answer B Proposal: A new club for the college Ingtoduction ‘Our college already boasts a wide variety of sporting and recreational clubs. However, these largely caret for physical rather than cerebral activities and that is why I propose the establishment of a debating club. Expanding the mind Debating is an ancient skill and one that is equally relevant today. In essence, a debate involves speakers who argue for and against a given proposition. To do this successfully they must divorce themselves from their emotions and instead present reasoned arguments in a persuasive style, a process requiring meticulous planning, This said, however, the debater must be able to deviate from the plan if they gauge that their arguments are meeting with unexpected success (or otherwise!) Thus, the debater is tequited to think both in advance and on their feet, a combination that requires @ ‘unique form of intelleceual dexecrey Student part A debating club will be well attended if we promote it in a lively way, To do this I suggest that we choose topics that are humorous or irreverent so as to engage young people. We should then put up posters around the college advertising upcoming debates. In addition, I recommend posting a short video on the college website showing an example of an entertaining debate. My final proposal is to award prizes to the winner of each event to provide a further element of competition Conclusion Debating is highbrow pastime that is enjoyable so it would be popular with the students, As such, a debating club would bea valuable addition to the college.Allin the mind? @iaa Language of suggestion and recommendation 2. When writing the proposal, you will need to use appropriate language to make suggestions and recommendations. Choose the correct form for each sentence below. 1 I propose that we setting/to set/set up a maths club. 2 The establishment of a history club would/should/must be my suggestion, 3 I suggest 10 use/using/use social media to promote the new club. 4 recommend that membership of the club was/be/will be free for all students. 5 My final suggestion is to invite/invitation/inviting other colleges to participate. 3. A successful answer will include a variety of linking words and other cohesive devices such as pronouns (he, she, they, etc) and demonstrative pronouns (that, those, ete). Look at the examples below from the introduction in Sample answer B. Then find further examples of linking words and other cohesive devices in Sample answer B. However, these largely cater for physical rather than cerebral activities and chat is why I propose the establishment of a debating club. * However introduces a contrast between the clause which follows it and the previous sentence. * these refers back to sporting and recreational clubs in the previous sentence, © that is why introduces a consequence of the lack of cerebral activities just mentioned. 4. Either: a write your own answer to the task in exercise 1 on page 50, or b answer the following question. Your college wishes to establish a new club for the students. The new club has the goal of teaching and developing a practical skill. You have been asked by the college director to propose what sort of new club should be created. ‘Your proposal should: # describe the new club = explain how it would teach and develop a practical skill suggest ways of encouraging participation, Write your answer in 220-260 words in an appropriate style. 51Reading and Use of English i 62 Feeling good Gapped text You are going to read an extract from a magazine article. Six paragraphs have been removed from the extract. Choose from the paragraphs A~G on page 53 the one which fits each gap (1-6). There is one extra paragraph which you do not need to use. The boy who broke every rule in the book Was Nicholas Culpeper a medical rebel who challenged the establishment, ‘or simply a quack*, asks Scarlett Thomas. Anyone who has ever used peppermint tea to ease indigestion or taken chamomile for @ good night's sleep has been using herbal medicine. However suspicious some of us may be of a complete system of ‘alternative’ healing, we all know that, for example, vinegar is good on wasp stings, and honey helps a sore throat | These are questions which have persisted for centuries. Who has the right to medical knowledge? And how could you make sure you ‘were in safe hands? it isto the 16th century, ‘with its complex but rather random medical system of quacks, midwives, apothecaries and 2a few physicians, that author Benjamin Woolley first takes us in his book The Herbalist. We leer of Henry Vilis answer to the problem of national regulation: the creation of the College ‘of Physicians, the members of which were given licensing and fining powers - but not the power to dispense medicines, which was instead held by the apothecaries, the pharmacists ofthe time. gC Although they were supposed to practise ony in ‘accordance with the Pharmacopoeia Londinensis {a huge book of instructions and recipes created by the College of Physicians, most apothecaries did riot actually ead Latin. This inability meant that ‘they could not infact read the book | Even without Latin, most apothecaries had some idea of what their medicines did. And despite not Understanding the Latin slurs on their characters in the Pharmacopoeia, the apothecaries also ‘knew that the College had itn for them, in 1634, Nicholas Culpeper, aged 18, arrived in London with £50 in his pocket, looking for an ‘apprenticeship. He soon became an apprentice to ‘an apothecary, becoming familiar with long lists of ‘simple’ ingredients set out in the Pharmacopoeia, including bizarre items like human blood and earthworms. So eventually abandoning his apprenticeship and despite all the rules created by the College Of Physicians, Culpeper set up on his own 25 an “independent, trading out of a shop in London's Tiveadneedle Steet. His aim was to provide medical hep for anyone wino needed it and to teat people with simply prepared, locally sourced medicines. This career was interrupted bya stint 2s soldier inthe Civil Wat twas shortly aftert ended in 1649 that there was a widespread cal forall legal matters to be conducted in English, so justice could be heard and understood by al a When it appeared, it was twice as long as the ‘original, bulging with additions and corrections. Italso explained what the recipes were for. ‘In translating the book," Woolley notes, ‘Nicholas bbroke every rule in it’ This was seen not just as a ‘medical act but a deeply political one. The College Of Physicians was outraged (6, Was Culpeper a quack? No mare so than the medical establishment of the time, argues Woolley. itwas the Colleges Pharmacopoeia after all that recommended the use ofthe treatments based on ‘round gal stones of Persian goats that surely led to King Charles I's death. Yet Culpeper’ legacy ~ the idea that medicine s not something that should be controlled by the ete but something belonging to everybody —is as important now asit was in the 17th century. “a quack ~ a negative term to describe someone who pretends to passess medial knowledge and acts as 9 ‘octorFeeling good Qa Perhaps this was fortunate, as it warned of ‘the deceit of those people who are allowed to sell the most filthy concoctions, and even mud, under the name and title of medicaments for the sake of profit’. This was undoubtedly an attack on the capabilites and moral principles of the apothecaries. ‘As odd as these may seem, many recipes would call for far more extraordinary substances and objects. Culpeper did not have a good experience at this time, being assigned a new master on several occasions. Then again, this was probably not a good time for anyone to be in his position, when rules meant you could be summoned to a company ‘court’ for having ‘stubbornness and long hair The English Physician, Culpeper later book, better known as Culpeper’s Complete Herbal, did little to pacify them. It outlined not only the uses of healing plants but also Culpeper's holistic view of medicine, Despite upsetting the establishment, it became one of the most popular and enduring books in British history When things get more serious, of course, most people rush to the doctor. But what if the doctor gets it wrong? Or imagine a situation when, for whatever reasons, you wanted to find out how to use other plants to heal yourself, Mutual distrust and rivalry between these groups seem to have defined the medical system of ‘the next 100 years. It wasn’t until the great plague that things were shaken up. London was left almost empty of doctors, with only apothecaries still providing medical care. It reveals a profound insight into the trade practices of the time, and how the establishment view of who should be allowed to trade and under what conditions affected everything. This wes especially true concerning the health of people denied control over their medical treatment, Impressed by this, Culpeper’s thoughts turned to a similar democratization of medical texts. These thoughts would be made reality when he was commissioned to produce an English edition of the Pharmacopoeia Look at these two sentences from the text. What is the meaning of the phrasal verbs in bold? {Culpeper became] familiar with long lists of 'simple' ingredients ser out in the Pharmacopoeia, [He] set up on his own as an ‘independent’, trading out of a shop in London’s ‘Threadneedle Street. Match each of the phrasal verbs in sentences 1~7 with an appropriate definition a-g, Example: 1c 1 Let's stay at home - it looks as though the rain’s set in for the day. 2 [put on my old clothes and set about clearing out the garden shed. 3 You should aim to set aside at least, 15 minutes each day for physical exercise. 4 Strike action set back the building of the Olympic” stadium by several weeks. 5 We set off at 6 in the morning and got there just before midday. delay the progress of something start doing something start and seem likely to continue attack somebody reserve time for a specific purpose 6 tis the quality of her writing which sets her £ make somebody apart from other children's authors. different from others 7 No sooner had he jumped down into the garden —_g_ start a journey than he was set upon by two enormous guard dogs, 53AlN Feeling good Vocabulary Wordlist on page 212 of the Coursebook. A Complaints and injuries In 1-3, complete each gap with the correct form of one of the three words. 1 sprain swell tear If your ankle becomes __and painful after you twist it, you may well have {it This means you have stretched and possibly _____ the ligaments in your ankle. 2 blind block upset T'm not coming into work tomorrow. I've got a ___ headache, a severely stomach and my nose is up. 3 bruise chip dislocate “How did your face get like that?” ‘Tfell over when I was ice-skating. I my tooth as well. Look.’ ‘Nasty, The last time I went ice-skating I fell on my shoulder and it B Phrasal verbs Complete the sentences with the appropriate form of one of the verbs from the box, In each pair of sentences 1-4, the verb required for both gaps, a and b, is the same. There isan example at the beginning (0). wear come put pass bring 0 a I'd never fainted before but 1 _passed_out when I saw all that blood. b Sue came to work and _pazsed_ her cold on to everyone in the office. 1a Amy has just phoned from her sick bed - she’s __ down with a flu bug, b Tm allergic to dairy products; if leat yoghurt, I out in a nasty rash. 2 a He suffered a heart attack, which may have been. on by stress. b_ She was unconscious, so I her round by throwing water over her face. 3 a My energy levels are low, and I feel out by the end of the day. ‘b The effects of the drug had soon off, and I felt worse than I had before. 4a I'm in agony - I tried to pick up a box of books and I my back out. b She had an upset stomach, which she ___ down to the fish she'd eaten. C Word formation 1 Complete the table with the infinitives of the verbs formed from the words in the box. The first two have been done for you. (3H soy courage deaf high danger deep rich broad sad force “en en strengthen ensureFeeling good Qa 2 Complete the sentences using the appropriate form of the word in capitals at the end of the line. There is an example at the beginning (0). 0 Inan effort to __enaure _ suecess in next year’s European competition, SURE United have strenathened their team by buying two outstanding STRONG overseas players. 1. The build-up of troops in the border area has tension HIGH between the two countries. 2. Faced with a rapidly___ economic erisis, the prime minister DEEP was coming under increasing pressure to resign. 3. Despite rocketing unemployment figures, the president insisted that there were some __ signs of recovery in the economy. ‘COURAGE 4 Join the World Wildlife Fund and help protect_____species_ DANGER from extinetion, 5. The FBI is perhaps the best known of America’s law FORCE agencies 6 She was deeply by the death of her cat, SAD ‘Add the collocations 7 The school’s work experience programme the outlook BROAD frhold in exncke 2 of its pupils and greatly their lives RICH to your vocabulary 8 His audience found the joke offensive and greeted it with notebook a silence, DEAF Language focus EE Grammar roterance on page 220 of the Coursebook, Reported speech 1 Cross out the two options which cannot be used to complete each sentence. There is an ‘example at the beginning (0). 0 The doctor reassured/explained/promised/mentioned her that the drugs would have no serious side-effects, 1 She invited/refused/offered/asked me to go on holiday with her: 2 David denied/admitted/confessed/claimed to being a little nervous before the operation, 3 We were accused/blamed/told officomplained for causing the disruption. 4 My mother persuaded/encouraged/nsisted/requested 1 go with her to the hospital. 5 Several people have commented/complimented/remarked/congratulated on Sally's new look. 6 Zoe's beautician advised/suggested/arguedAvarned her against having cosmetic od to dissuade/discourage/urge/convince her from going through with it, as 8 Ithas been fold/assured/announcediconfirmed that the security forces will be on maximum alert 9 My boss could see I was stressed out and he advised/suggested/proposed/recommended me to take a few days’ holiday. 10 She found a dead spider in her salad and demanded/ordered/asked/insisted 10 see the manager. 55A) Feeling good 56 2 Rewrite each sentence in two different ways. In each gap you should write between two and four words, There is an example at the beginning (0), 0 ‘Til help you do your homew. a. She said that she u rk later; she told him. ” hit. do his homework later. b She promised do his homework later 1 TTI cut you out of my will if you marry George,’ he told his daughter a He said that __ his daughter out of his will if she married George. b He threatened _ his daughter out of his will if she married George. 2:'Tthink you should take a few days off work,’ he told me. a He saidhe __a few days off work. b He suggested __a few days off work 3 ‘You must leave immediately!’ she told them, a She said that__ immediately b She ordered __ immediately. 4 ‘Ive always loved you,’ he told her: a He said that _ her b He confessed to____ heer 5 ‘It wasn't me who stole it,’ she insisted a She insisted that she b She denied _ 6 There's a rumour that they paid her over €3 million for her part in the film. a Itis rumoured that she ___ over €3 million for her part in the film, b She is rumoured over €3 million for her part in the film, 7 ‘Can you take my name off the list?’ he asked her a He asked her if _ his name off the list b_ He requested that be included on the list 8 ‘Aliens abducted me,’ he told journalists. a He assured journalists that he byaliens. b He claimed to __ by aliens. COMPUTER SHOP ‘Tt wasn't me who stole it,’ she insisted.Feeling good @aga Reading and Use of English H rm Multiple-choice cloze For questions 1-8, read the text below and decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0). i The new way to burn fat People who want to losa weight are being (0)... & starting new way to burn fat, Would- be simmers are flocking to @ spa in Hong Kong that (1)... to reduce their waistines by smearing them with Chinese herbs, dousing them with alcohol and then (2)... light to ‘them, all for £78 a seskion. The spa claims that the (3)......... heat of the fire penetrates deep tissue, increasing circulation and helping the body to absorb the herbal concoction which works to detoxify the body ar (4)... down fa Ht boasts that the resuits are (5)... with customers recording losses of up to 15 centimetres of fat after the fist session. Karen Chu, owner of The Lite of Life Healing Spa in Hong Kong's busy Causeway Bay cistrct says that about 100 customers have successfully (6) the treatment, and there have been no (7) . "About half the customers come here for the Aqua-Fire treatment,’ she saic. “itis (8)... Safe, You are protected from the flame by wet towels. We have never had any complaints or problems." 0 A proposed B suggested C offered D advanced 1 A predicts B promises C considers ‘assures 2 A making B giving © holding D setting 3 A soaking B bitter C intense D forced 4 A bring B take € work D break 5 A immediate B early CC straight D rushed 6 A undercut B undergone C underused D undertaken’ 7 A casualties B damages C warnings D cautions 8 A strongly B fiercely C perfectly D deeply Reading and) Open cloze Use of English om For questions 1-8, read the text below and think of the word that best fits each gap, Use only one word in cach gap. There is an example at the beginning (0). Write your ‘answers IN CAPITAL LETTERS. It’s easy to work out Many people exercise (0), WITH. . the aim of achieving a flat tummy but it isn’t necessary to contort your body painfully to (1) ‘so, Both yoga and Pilates (2) known to build amazing abdominal strength and give you greater awareness of your pelvic floor muscles. It is, (8) sconce. Muscles, once strengthened, that will provide greater support for vulnerable backs. Doing crunches is one of the best ways fo fatten your tummy. This involves fist lying on the floor, with your hands (4)... Side of your head. Raise your head approximately fifteen centimetres off the ground, then pause in this position for five seconds (6)... owering it back down. You should also bend your lags, raise them and cross your ankles while doing the crunches s0 as to ensure that your stomach muscles do the WO, (8)... YOUr Back, a you do have back problems, using a Swiss ball when you're exercising will help protact it, too. You can place it between you and a wall, for example, and roll down it 18) ses YOU FACh a SQuatting position 57Fooling good Reading and Use of English 58 Key word transformation For questions 1-6, complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between three and six words, including the word given. There is an. example at the beginning (0). Write your answers IN CAPITAL LETTERS. 0 The union leader said the crisis was caused by the banks. ACCUSED The union leader... ACCUSED THE BANKS OF CAUSING... the crisis. 1 Government measures of this type would be of huge benefit to us, HUGELY! TWOUME Be rnrnnnnesnnnnnsinnnnninnnnnnn the government took measures of this type. 2 We know that lack of sleep sig HAVE Lack of sleep is known... icantly affects your health, your health, 3 Paul was strongly opposed to the use of his photograph for publicity purposes. OBJECTED Paul strongly .. used for publicity purposes. 4 One expectant mother I know demanded to have her baby at home rather than in hospital ON One expectant mother I know baby at home rather than in hospital birth to her 5 Lina advised me to go to a private hospital for my eye operation, HAVE Lina suggested .. my eye in a private hospital. 6 When I complained formally, they said they would investigate the matter further, AGREED When I made a .. .. into the matter further, Review 1 Read the following Writing Part 2 task The magazine published by your English club has asked its readers to send in a review of a film or book which includes a sporting theme. Write a review for the magazine commenting on the importance of the sporting theme in the film or book and saying how well you think it is handled. You should also say why you think others might or ‘might not enjoy seeing the film or reading the book. 2 Read the following answer, ignoring the gaps for the moment. Does the review address all parts of the task?‘Ali’ 41 AM THE GREATEST!” exclaims Will Smith inthe (1) role ofthis compelling film about the former world heavyweight boxing champion. Bul these words apply equally ‘well fo Smith’s own extrgmely powerful acting (2) ‘5 the man who was named sportsperson of the century in several countries including his own. Smit looks, moves and talks lke the legendary boxer, and his welkdesorved Oscor (3) for Best Actor is reason encugh to see the film Boxing is clearly central tothe film, which is (4) in the period from Ali tile winning defeat of Sonny Liston in 1964 to his regaining of the crown from George Foreman © decade loter. To the unirained eye, the boxing (3) core entirely convincing, and succeed in conveying both the passion ond the horror ofthe sport. The film builds up to a dromatic (6) ____ with the 1974 fight in Zoire, and the combination of Michel Feeling good Qa 10 years in the life of Muhammad Ali ‘Mann's expert direction ond the moving musical (7) ‘makes this one of the most memorable moments ofthe film. But don’t be put off if you're not a boxing fan the film is es much about the social context in which the (8) tokes place as about heavyweight fights. I provides o fascinating 9) info 1960s America and Ali's response fo contemporary attitudes. I explores his relationship wih the black Muslims and also shows how he risked his career and his freedom by refusing induction into the army at he time of the Vietnam Wor. There's something for everyone inthe film: sport, Fislory, drama, romance and even humour. Moony of the boxers witty (10) A particularly those delivered to journalists, will have you laughing out loud and developing an affection for one of the world's truly great sporting heroes. 3 Complete the text above with the words from the box. scenes performance climax lines set score insight title action nomination 4 Underline those adjectives used by the writer to express an opinion on the film or the acting, Underline any accompanying adverbs or nouns. Example: compelling film 5 What other expressions are used by the writer to encourage readers to see the film? 6 Either: a write your own answer to the task in exercise 1 or b answer the following question: ‘The magazine published by your English club has asked its readers to send in a review of a film or book whose conient is largely biographical. Write a review for the magazine commenting on what you learnt from the film or book and saying why you think others might or might not enjoy it Write your review in 220-260 words. * Do not write a lang summary ofthe film or book. + Do express your opinion throughout the review. OC i ve In the Coursebook, read page 74 in Unit 6 and page 202 in Ready for Writing 59hu 60 Multiple choice 2 This is the modern world 1 You are going to read a magazine article. For questions 1-6, choose the answer (A, B, € or D) which you think fits best according to the text The truth is gut there on the Net Far from encouraging mass deceit, the web promotes honesty because we fear getting caught, writes Clive Thompson, Everyone tells alittle white lie now and then but Cornell Univesity professor, Jeffrey Hancock, recently claimed to have established the truth of a curious proposition: we deceive less frequently when we're snl than when taking in person. He asked thirty Undergraduates to record all their communications ‘and lies for a week. Tllying the results, he found the students had mishandled the truth in about one-quarter ofall face-to-face conversations, and in 37 per cent of phone cals. But once in cyberspace, only one in five instant-messaging chats contained allie, and barely 14 per cent of email messages were dishonest. While you can't make generalizations about society solely on the basis of college students’ behaviour, and recognizing there's also something ‘odd about asking people to be honest about how often they lie, Professor Hancock's results were intriguing, not least because they upend some of our primary expectations about life on the net Wasn't cyberspace supposed to be the scary zone here you couldn't trust anyone? Back when the Intemet first went mainstream, those pundits in the government, media and academia worried that the digital age would open the floodgates of deception. Since anyone could hide behind an anonymous chat-toom nickname, net uses, we were warned, ‘would be fee to lie with impunity. Parents panicked and frantically supervised their children’s use of cyberspace, under the assumption that anyone lurking out there in the unknown was a threat until proved otherwise. And to a certain extent, you can see their reasoning: if we go along with the basic introduction to any psychology course, we're more likely to ie to people wen there's distance between Us. Eventually, though, many suspicions turned out 10 be unfounded. What isi, then, about online life that makes us ‘more truthful? It’s simple: we're worried about being exposed. tea’ life after al is pretty easy to get away with deception. Ifyou lie to someone ata party, you can always claim you said no such thing. On the Internet, your words often come back {to haunt you. The digital age is tough on lars, as an endless parade of executives are finding out. This ‘The web promotes honesty. isn’t a problem for only corporate barons. We read the headlines; we know in cyberspace our words never die, because machines don't forget. ‘t's a cut-and-paste culture’ as Professor Hancock put it, though he said that on the phone, so who knows if he relly meant it? And consider that many email programs automaticaly quote’ your words when someone replies to your message, Everytime finish an email message, | pause for afew seconds to reread it just to ensure | haven't said something I later regret. Maybe this helps explain why television programmes like CSI Crime Scene Investigation are so popular. They're all about revealing the sneaky things that people do. We watch with fascination and unease as scientists inspect the tiniest of cues —a stray hair on @ car seat, a latent fingerprint. After you've seen high-tech cops rake over evidence from a crime scene with ultraviolet light and genetic sequencers enough times, you get the message: Watch out ~ we've got files on you, Forensic scence has become the central drama of pop culture, and our fascination with it may well ad to our anxieties about technology. So no wonder we're so careful to restrict ‘our lying to low-technology environments. We have begun to be keenly suspicious of places that might bbe bugged, conducting al of our subterfuge in loud restaurants and lonely parks. Stil i's not only the fear of electronic exposure that Gives us to tell the truth. There's something about the Internet that encourages us to tell ll’, often in rather outrageous ways. Psychologists have noticed for years that going online seems to have a catalytic effect on people's personalities. The most quiet andreserved people may become deranged loudmouths ‘when they sit behind the keyboard. Others conduct, ‘angry debates on discussion boards with total strange. You can usually spot the newcomers in any discussion group because they're the ones WRITING IN CAPITALS — they're overwhelmed by the Internet's heady combination of geographic distance and pseudo invisibility. (ur impulse to confess via cyberspace iverts much of what we think about hpnesty.It used to be if ‘you wanted to really trust someone, you arranged This is the modern world aE lubricating chit-chat. Executives end politicians spend hours fying across the country merely for a five-minute meeting, on the assumption that even a few seconds of face time can cut through the prevarications of legal contracts. But pertiaps this dependence on online communication is gratifying news. We could find ourselves living in an increasingly honest world twill at least, inevitably, be one in which there ae increasingly severe penalties for deception. With its unforgiving machine memory, the Intemet might turn out to be a face-to-face meeting. Our culture stil obsesses the unlikely conscience of the word. ‘over physical contact, the Shaking of hands the 1. What does the writer suggest about Professor Hancock's findings? A. They prove a higher than average level of dishonesty amongst students. B They are unreliable as students are not likely to have kept accurate records. © They only demonstrate what was already common knowledge to most people. D Students are less likely to lie while chatting online than on the telephone. 2 What does the writer state about the early days of internet use? A. There was no discernible change in the general level of honest behaviour: B The Internet provided people with new ways to commit crime. € Children were frequently not permitted any kind of access to the Internet, D There was some over-reaction to the perceived dangers of the Internet. 3. What point is illustrated by the references to email records? A. The corporate world has been forced to reassess its systems of communication, B People have developed a less trusting attitude towards others they deal with. People are becoming more cautious with regard to the content of email. D Email and similar documentation has sometimes been used to manipulate the truth. 4 According to the writer, television programmes on forensic science have A led to people becoming more frightened of being exposed. B encouraged people to adopt more sophisticated methods of deception overtaken other types of television drama in terms of popularity, D given people a false impression of what science can currently achieve, 5 Inthe fifth paragraph, what are we told about the effect of internet chatrooms on people? ‘A. They have had a beneficial influence on some naturally shy people. B They have allowed certain people to express themselves mote concisely. © They have led to a transformation in some people's usual behaviour D They have improved relations between people from different cultures. 6 What does the writer state about the future impact of online communication? A. People will ensure that emails are strictly accurate and honest. B Instances of dishonesty will have more serious consequences. € People will feel the need for legal advice when preparing certain documents. D twill remove the need for face-to-face contact 611 cp This is the modern world 62 2. Underline the following words and expres then match each one to its definition a-e. ‘ions 1-3 in the first paragraph of the text, 1 tella white lie aa formal word meaning to act or speak in a dishonest way {in order to gain advantage over someone) 2 deceive b a euphemism for to lie 3 mishandle the truth € to lie so as not to hurt someone's feelings 8 In 1-5 decide whether the words in bold refer to being honest (H) or dishonest (D). ‘There is,an example at the beginning (0). © The ministér for education said that the newspaper's false accusations were part of a dirty tricks campaign designed to harm her reputation. D 1 Te was a remarkably candid confession for a politician not normally known for his readiness to own up to his mistakes. 2 The prime minister accused his deputy of employing underhand tactics to gain control of the party by secretly encouraging other members to vote against him. 3 Just give me a straight answer to a straight question: do you intend to take the exam or not? 4 We want the advertisement to convey the message that we are a reputable firm of estate agents that people can trust. 5. Hobson's devious plan to blackmail blameless businessmen earned him the respect of the criminal underworld. 4 Which of the adjectives in bold in 1-5 of exercise 3 above means the following: a dishonest and secretive b dishonest and clever ¢ honest and reliable d honest and open, especially about something difficult or painful @ honest and direct Vocabulary Wordlist on page 212 of the Coursebook. A Verbs formed with up, down, over and under 1 In 1-5 below, one of the four verbs is not a real word, Cross out the verb which does not exist 1 uproot upgrade uphear update 2 overthrow overgo overrule overhear 3 undercut undertake underroot_ undergo 4 upset uphold upstage uprule 5 downhold downsize downplay download 2 Complete the sentences with one of the verbs from exercise 1. There may be more than one possible answer. There is an example at the beginning (0). © Rebels tried to __overthrow__ the government. 1 Ahigher court can a judge's decision, 2 Apatient may have to an operation. 3. Computer users can regularly their existing software. 4 Acompany may__ its competitors’ prices. 5 Governments sometimes __ the seriousness of a situation.This is the modern world Qi B Adjectives formed with in, off, on, out and over Underline the correct alternative, 1. She was momentarily blinded by the headlights of an irtcoming/oncoming car. 2, These research findings represent an important contribution to the ongoinig/outgoing debate on the effects of passive smoking, 3 Only 30 per cent of the pupils at this school actually live in the town itself; most children come in by bus from ouidoor/outlying areas. 4 First to arrive on the scene was an off-duty/off-hand police officer, who had heard the explosion from his kitchen. § According to some scientists, humans have only two inborn/overnight fears - fear of falling and fear of loud noises. All others, it seems, are learnt. ‘Ad the adjective + noun collocations in bold in the above exercise fo your vocabulary notebook. C Plans 1 The following adjectives and verbs are all collocates of the nouns plan or plans. One of the items in each group is very different in meaning to the other three. Underline the odd one out. There is an example at the beginning (0). 0 workable viable controversial feasible A controversial plan is one which causes public disagreement or disapproval; the other three adjectives are used to describe plans which are likely to succeed. 1 emergency bold daring audacious 2 elaborate detailed intricate devious 3 clever ingenious impracticable brilliant 4 drawup devise carry out conceive 5 scrap abandon _jettison put forward 6 shelve announce unveil reveal 2 Complete the sentences with the correct form of one of the collocates you have underlined in exercise I above. There is an example at the beginning (0). 0 Fearing they would lose votes over the issue, the government scrapped their _contraversial_ plan to reintroduce military service. 1 The proposed peace plan is ill-conceived and _: it simply will not work, 2. Local authorities have sensibly drawn up plans to be adopted in the event of further flooding. 3 It's. brilliant plan, but rather too for my liking; it might lay me open to accusations of dishonesty. 4 Plans to build a nuclear power plant in the area have been following strong public opposition. 5 They were prevented from their plan to rob the bank after a police patrol spotted their stolen car and arrested them, 6 Management a plan aimed at increasing productivity, but it was immediately rejected by union leaders. ‘Add the collacates of plan trom exercise 1 10 your vocabulary notebook 632 This is the modern world D Amount Match the sentence beginnings 1-6 to the endings af. 1 In the event of cancellation, a full a charge to our guests. 2 They have received such a large bb cost of installation and maintenance. 3 Beach towels are provided at no extra _¢ time to fulfil all their objectives 4 Our graphic designers have a great d refund of the ticket price will be made. 5 Their advertising highlights the low _e deal of experience in creating logos. 6 Overworked staff have precious litle £ number of orders that they cannot cope Language focus | Grammar reference on pages 220-222 of the Coursebook. A Talking about the future Decide which answer A, B, C or D best fits each gap. 1 Thear that Brian and Julie are to start a family soon, A projecting -B considering hoping D assuring 21 they'll accept the offer; but it worth a try A suspect B hope © doubt D expect 3 I'm just ____ to go out. Can I call you back later? A likely B about € almost D soon 4 The company has announced that all employees __ to receive a special bonus payment at Christmas next year ‘A arrange B go C are Diike . 53 She's off sick today, but she may__be back at work tomorrow. A hardly B probably © unlikely Dwell 6 Come round at 2 o'clock — we should ____ our lunch by then. Abefinished B have tofinish € have finished D have been finishing 7 Building work is___ to start next month, but I wouldn't be surprised if there was a delay. A due B bound © willing D expecting 8 No one else thinks I'll win, but I'm pretty of success myself A definite B confident © assured D doubtlessThis is the modern world Qi B_ Determiners In each of the following sentences there is one grammatical mistake. Correct each, mistake by changing or deleting one of the words in bold. There are two examples at the beginning (0, 00). many 0 We aren't expecting very much more people to turn up, 00 We had a very lot of problems at work today, 1 I know of no other any place which is quite as beautiful as this. 2 [ny to go Swimming every another day during the week - Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays, ustaly. 3 Every a few months or so we take a day off and go walking in the mountains. 4 We only intended to spend a fortnight there, but we liked it so much we stayed for other two weeks. 5. Determined is my favourite track on the album but there are quite a few of others 1 like as well 6 T've been working here for quite some much time ~ nearly ten years, in fact. 7 There's no much milk left - enough for breakfast, but that’s all. 8 Shes had nothing to eat for some each three days now ~ we're getting a bit worried. Open cloze For questions 1-8, read the text below and think of the word which best fits each gap, Use only one word in each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0). Write your answers IN CAPITAL LETTERS. Reading and Use of English Mobile phone throwing championships The Mobile Phone Throwing World Championships (0) ..ARE., held every year in Finland, the birthplace of the first mobile phone, which was more (1) size of a small briefcase than the tiny accessories of today. The competition is divided (2) ........ two sections, contested by teams and individuals. The original category is judged simply on length of throw, but in the freestyle event competitors win on points awarded (3) notable performances during the run-up. (4) ....... Some competitors use their own handsets, most betray a grudging dependence on their phone (5) selecting a missile from a large range of second-hand phones supplied by the organizers. The competition was founded by local businesswoman Christina Lund, inspired by her observations of a country tied to (6) ...... mobiles. I saw that all of M have very different emotions about our mobiles: much of the time they cause tension and frustration. They never ring when they are supposed (8) and they go off at inconvenient times. So I had the idea of a competition based on releasing some of that tension.’ 65Reading and Use of English i Reading and Use of Englis! 66 Word formation For questions 1-8, read the text below. Use the word given in capitals at the end of some of the lines to form a word that fits in the gap in the same line, There is an example at the beginning (0), Write your answers IN CAPITAL LETTERS. Obsessed with your inbox? It was not so Jong ago that we dealt with colleagues through face-to-face (0) JNTERACTION and with counterparts and customers by phone or INTERACT letter, But the world of communication has (1)............ a dramatic co transformation, not all for the good. Email, while (2) a pouBT swift means of communication, providing your server is fully functional and that the address you have contains n0 (3) serene» has had a ACCURATE Oo) effect on certain people's behaviour, both at home andin SIGNIFY business. For these people, the use of email has become (3) RESIST addictive, to the extent that itis (6)... their mental and physical THREAT health, Addicts spend their day compulsively checking for email and have a (7) _-. to panic if their server goes down. It is TEND estimated that one in six people spend four hours a day sending and receiving messages, the equivalent to more than two working days a week. The negative effect on (8) is something employers PRODUCE, are well aware of, Key word transformation For questions 1-6, complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given, Do not change the word given. You must use between three and six words, including the word given. There is an example at the beginning (0). Write your answers IN CAPITAL LETTERS. 0 In the past, letters took ages to reach their overseas destination. WOULD In the past, ..,.,.WOQULP.TAKE AGES BEFORE... letters reached their overseas destination. 1 The camera has broken at least three times. FEWER, ‘The camera has broken... seinnnnsnnsonnenve TE OCCASIONS, 2 He is better than everyone else at creating believable characters. SECOND He ren oe sve. it Comes to creating believable characters. 3 He attended every event possible to take advantage of the conference. Most He made soe . attending every event possible 4 Does your ringtone have to be quite so loud? TURN Tish sssatninninnernnine YOUF Fingtone slightly. 5 John has a habit of getting angry when there isn’t a good reason for it TEMPER John will often oe svennrvnnnees Particular reason. 6 We will install your anti-virus programme for free. AT The anti-virus programme ,.... ssn son Charge.(Writing Essay This is the modern world 1 Read the following Writing Part 1 task. Before you write your answer, do the related vocabulary task in exercise 2 below. Your class has attended a panel discussion on what methods industry could use to encourage people to study science and engineering, You have made the notes below: Methods industry could use to encourage people to study science. and engineering. a «promote the achievements of ‘Some opinions expressed in the discussion’ scientists ‘The whole of society benefits from |. subsidize traning courses advances such as satelite technology’ 1 provide schools with technology, | "its not fair if fees are artificially lowered for e.g. computers: ‘some college courses and not for others." “All schoois should have equal access to technology.” Write an essay discussing two of the methods in your notes. You should explain which method you think is more important for industry to consider, giving reasons in support of your answer ‘You may, if you wish, make use of the opinions expressed in the discussion, but you should use your own words as far as possible. Vocabulary development: Expressing opinions 2 Complete the sentences with one of the nouns from the box. Use the collocates in bold to help you. coverage concern prierity resources action claims status _ importance 0 This should be a top _priority _ in the years ahead, The council has put off taking action for too long, 1 That we are still in this predicament is a pressing T'm worried that in its present state the footpath is a threat to public safety. 2 This is only one of several competing to be considered. The council must also think about parking and lighting. 3 The media give this topic adequate _. It doesn't appear at alll in some newspapers. 4 Scientists deserve higher than they are afforded at present, Their contribution to society is seriously undervalued. 5 Many schools do not target sufficient at this problem. Instead they spend their budgets buying comfortable furniture for the teachers’ room! 6 Nothing now prevents the authorities from taking immediate _. The council has put off doing anything for far too long 7 Is of eritical____ that industry addresses this issue, Tcan't understand why such a significant problem has been ignored. 3 Now write your answer in 220-260 words. 6768 Reading and Use of English Cross-text multiple matching 1 You are going to read four reviews of a book about travel. For questions 1-4 on page 69, choose from the reviews A-D, The reviews may be chosen more than once. 4 Crossing Paths Four reviewers comment on writer Kerry Windham’s book called Crossing Paths A ‘As an acclaimed biographer of famous ‘explorers, it was only a matter of time before Kerry Windham turned her attention to her own travets, and in her latest work she does not disappoint. In Crossing Paths we mount up behind Windham as she takes us on an exhilarating and often hazardous motorcycle ride around the vast territories of Australia. Unlike the continuous prose of her previous work, Crossing Paths is set ut more as a series of encounters, each described succinctly, sometimes within a mere paragraph, and never requiring more than a few pages. Although Windham cannot claim this approach as hers alone, she does it justice by employing a frankness about her own occasional naivety which puts her in situations of jeopardy. Each unusual character she stumbles across is depicted with compassion; even while their quirks are noted, each malignant species of creature or plant is still admired for its tenacity and evolutionary genius. When reading travel writing, one must be prepared to accept the overlap with fiction. In no other genre is there such an intertwining of fact with embellishment, of truth with the writer's own perception of it. That, indeed, is part of the allure; knowing that as travellers ourselves we have come home with a mythologized version of our own adventures, and recognizing this, innate tendency in others. No doubt Kerry Windham has done the same with Crossing Paths, her account of her solo motorbike ride across the massive expanse of Australia itis her eye for fine detail and her ability to describe it in ways that convince the reader that the memories are their own that make this tale the perfect armchair traveller's ‘companion. An autobiographical journey is a departure from Windham’s previous kinds of book, but this one is worthy of the same volume of praise. c In Kerry Windham's Crossing Paths, the fragments of her motorcycle journey through the Australian outback and isolated townships sparkle like individual jewels on a single thread. The idea of the set piece (rather than continuous narrative) owes much to In Patagonia, the seminal work of travel writer Bruce Chatwin, But unlike Chatwin’s fictionalized anecdotes of real People and places, Windham gives us an Undistorted account of her interactions with characters from all walks of life; a taciturn young station hand on a cattle ranch, an Aboriginal dreamtime healer, an 84-year- old surfer still paddling out to the beach break. Known for her writing on the exploits of earlier travellers and their epic voyages of discovery, Windham has taken a risk by reflecting on - in her own words ~ ‘small, incidental moments’ but it has turned out to be a risk worth taking, D In her biographies, Kerry Windham has rightly been applauded for her inspirational prose; her pen becomes a paint brush that Conveys the shades and hues, the light and the dark of her subjects, and the reader is fully present in the experience, The same mastery of technique can also be found in Crossing Paths, the story of her trip by bike around the Australian territories. Windham’s apparent motive for embarking ‘on this gruelling quest was to ‘explore my ‘own cultural backyard’, and certainly there is much to discover. We are introduced toa diversity of people and plants, railroads and rock formations, abandoned settlements and thriving tourist towns. However, while none of these encounters, lacks vividness or authenticity, there is a sense of inconsequentiality. In her other \works Windham steps back and we see the {ull picture; in Crossing Paths we glimpse disassociated images.Going places Qe Which reviewer has a different opinion from the others on the overall merits of Kerry Windham’s book? takes a similar view to writer C on the format of Kerry Windham’s book? expresses a different view from the others regarding Kerry Windham’s portrayal in the book of events as they happened? shares reviewer Ds opinion on the effect of Kerry Windham’s use of language in the book? A BB & 2.a Cover the reading text. Complete the extracts from the text 1-6 with one word. The words are the same for a and b. 0 a As __ anacclaimed biographer of famous explorers, it was only a matter of time before ... (A) b Although Windham cannot claim this approach _a3___hers alone, she does it justice ... (A) 1a it was only a matter of time before Kerry Windham her attention to her ‘own travels ... (A) b ..ithas out to be a risk worth taking. (C) 2 a ... she takes us an exhilarating and often hazardous motorcycle ride @ b Windham has taken a risk by reflecting incidental moments’... (C) n her own words ~‘smalll, 3-a Unlike the continuous prose of her previous work, Crossing Paths is__out more as a series of encounters ... (A) b The idea of the __ piece (rather than continuous narrative) owes much to In Patagonia ... (©) 4 a Each unusual character she stumbles is depicted with compassion ... (A) bb... Crossing Paths, her account of her solo motorbike ride __ the massive expanse of Australia. (B) 5a When reading travel writing, must be prepared to accept the overlap with fiction. (B) b An autobiographical journey is a departure from Windham’s previous kinds of book, but this _ is worthy of the same volume of praise. (B) 6 a Itishereye____fine detail and her ability to describe it ... that make this tale the perfect armchair traveller's companion. (B) b Kerry Windham has rightly been applauded her inspirational prose, (D) b Now uncover the reading text and check your answers, The relevant sections are given in brackets 691 Going places 70 Vocabulary Wordlist on page 212 of the Coursebook. Describing an adventure Complete the sentences with the correct form of a verb from the box. kick ring run set tum win 1 Columbus did not. out to discover the New World; he was seeking a western sea route ftom Europe to Asia. 2 They had hardly left port when they into a storm and had to turn back, 3 Anumber of shots ‘out and we dived under the table for cover. 4 They thought they had discovered a prehistoric burial site, but it much more recent. 5 Despite a number of setbacks, their determination, climbers made it to the summit. 6 When she saw him lying there, she panicked momentarily, but then her first aid training in and she began performing chest compressions on him. ‘out to be through and two of the Complete the text with a suitable word from the box. arid gruelling idyllic inuepid swirling Tt had been an extremely (1) month-long trek across (2) stocky desert, but the team of (3) _ explorers had refused to give in to the harsh conditions. It wasw't all scorching heat and (4) sandstorms, however: they were able to camp for two nights at a remote oasis, a rather (5) spot for some rest and recuperation. Criticism The following adjectives and verbs are all collocates of the noun criticism. Underline the item in each group which does not express a similar meaning to the word(s) in bold, ‘There is an example at the beginning (0). O increasing 1 alot of 2 strong 3 not affected damaging considerable fierce impervious to. ‘growing constructive severe, unmoved by mounting, widespread valid upset by ' 4 give 5 encounter 6 deal successfully with / arouse come in for draw express meet with overcome | voice respond to withstand Choose the correct option A, B, C or D, 1 Her criticism of his work, which was based purely on her intense dislike of him, served only to undermine his self-confidence. A fierce B valid C constructive D widespread 2 The president remained by mounting criticism of his leadership and pressed ahead regardless with his controversial programme of policies. A upset B unmoved € impervious overcome 3 Police chiefs yesterday strong criticism of a judge's decision to give a man convicted of armed robbery a six-month suspended sentence. A attracted B met with € aroused D voiced 4 The decision to site the nuclear power station next to the nature reserve widespread criticism from opposition politicians and environmental groups Acamein Brespondedto drew D expressed eae EERE eee EERE aed EEE EEEa Going places QE C Word formation 4 Write the correct form of the word in capitals so that it collocates with all of the words and/or phrases in each group. There is an example at the beginning (0) 0 TIME timeless. quality appeal classic 1 SUPPORT a role evidence actor 2 maintain lose your regain your _____ compose. 3 competition winning, dictionary a ENTER: 4 cause considerable suffer great overcome economic HARD 5 show proof of + reveal acase of mistaken IDENTIFY 2 Complete the sentences with one of the collocations from exercise 1. You may need to change some of the words. There is an example at the beginning (0). © Many of Disney's early films are _ timeless classics_, which continue to be enjoyed even now in the modern computer age. 1 A photograph of the in this year's Inventor of the Future competition will be printed in the Apiil edition of Science Today magazine. 2 At the age of 82, Christopher Plummer won the Oscar for Best for his role in the film Beginners. 3 Joseph Rendell was arrested in what seems to have been police are still looking for a Joseph Randall in connection with the robbery. 4 He was visibly shocked at the news; it was a while before he and was calm enough to ask how it had happened. 5 The dramatic increase in house prices and rents has low incomes. Language focus Grammar reference on page 222 of the Coursebook. to those on Creating emphasis In each of the following sentences there is a word which should not be there. Cross out the word. There is an example at the beginning (0). © What annoys me so much about her is the fact of that she never helps with the washing up. 1 Iwas just after we arrived at the hotel that we have received a call from our neighbour telling us we'd been burgled. 2 Tused to hate going to visit my grandparents: all what we ever did was watch television and listen to my granddad talking about politics 3 It might have been because Jane that rang when I was in the shower ~ she’s the only person I know who'd phone so early in the day. 4 It’s not so much what she says that annoys me, and its more the way she says it. 5 He realized he had little hope of finding his way out of the forest in the fog, so what. he did it was to build himself a shelter out of branches and leaves, 6 It was only when the police came at three o'clock in the morning so that they finally tumed their music down. nmNY MD Going places Reading and Multiple-choice cloze Use of English For questions 1-8, read the text below and then decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0), Lost luggage You get off your plane and (0)... YOur Way to the baggage reclaim area. After quite some time spent waiting, there is no (1) of your bags and you begin to consider the possibility that they may have gone (2) ........ What should you do? Firstly, don't panic. The most likely (3) is that your bags simply didn't make it onto the flight, perhaps because they were mislaid at the departure airport, or perhaps because the aircraft had already (4) its weight allowance. If they (6)... tO appear on the carousel, report the loss before you leave the baggage hall and go through customs. Recovering your luggage should be no problem, provided you've kept (6) of your baggage checks ~ those little barcodes stuck to the back of your tickets at check-in, Go to the handling agent's desk and (7)......... a Property regularity Report (PIR) form, which describes the checked bag and its contents. Then, ask the baggage-services. ‘manager for a contact telephone number and confirm that your bags will be forwarded to your final (8) 0 Ago B get C make D walk 1 A indication B sign C notice D mark 2 A lost B missing € absent D misplaced 3 A example Bunderstanding —_€ clarification _D explanation 4A surpassed —_B overtaken Cexceeded outdone 5 A lack B omit C avoid D fail 6 A control B hold C property D hand 7 A carry out B complete ¢ fulfil D realize 8 A destination B destiny C termination —_D terminus Open cloze For questions 1-8, read the text below and think of the word which best fits each gap. Use only one word in each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0). Write your answers IN CAPITAL, ERS. 1) The revolution in the way we travel Not so long (0) ..4G0.. it was only mainstream travel agencies that had the technology to search airline and hotel reservations systems. Many were (1)......., more than order-takers but enjoyed a ten per cent commission on package tours. But (2)... days have gone. Travel and the Internet are made (3) ‘one another, connecting a global inventory of seats and beds with millions of travellers. The future for these agencies looks bleak, (A) .......00 they begin to add value by offering real expertise. (6) ... recruiting experienced agents who (6)........ themselves had personal experience of overseas destinations, and equipping them with the technology necessary for telephone sales, they can offer customers a professional service (7)... the comfort of their own home. Catering for a new market of people that have not been near a travel agency (8)... they 72 first acquired a broadband connection may be the only way to survive for tour operators,Reading and Use of English Going places GEM Word formation For questions 1-8, read the text below. Use the word given in capitals at the end of some of the lines to form a word that fits in the gap in the same line. There is an example at the beginning (0). Write your answers IN CAPITAL LETTERS. Women only (0) .NCREASINGLY. , women are taking their holidays without men, For (1) { reasons, camaraderie or just plain fun, a growing. number of female tourists are signing up for women-only trips. ‘Twenty-five years or'so ago, only a (2) of companies offered such holidays; now there are several hundred. Travel (3) Jo Littlewood says that the combination of higher incomes with delayed marriage, divorce, retirement and widowhood has (4) more women to travel, often on their own. They are attracted by the sense of freedom that a holiday without men affords them. ‘Women in a group tend 10 Feel (3) can and speak more openly than when men are ‘around, she adds. ‘It’s also a lot more fun. Women laugh a lot more (Oe than men, probably because they don't mind laughing, at themselves.’ Jill Cummings is a regul an Oxford-based company whose very name is a (7) wat men. ‘And a good thing too.’ She says. ‘Men simply cannot resist the 3) to try and take control, wherever they are, Thankfully, lar traveler with Everywoman Tours, there is none of that with Everywoman. INCREASE SAFE HAND CONSULT ABLE INHIBIT READY DETER TEMPT 73NV Going places Reading and Use of English ra Key word transformation For questions 1-6, complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between three and six words, including the word given. There is an example at the beginning (0). Write your answers IN CAPITAL LETTERS. © Immediately after Emi quit her job, she booked a package tour around Europe HAD INAS SHE HAD HANDED _ in her notice Emi booked a package tour around Europe. 1 I didn’t stop worrying about the wild animals until we were safe inside camp, ONLY ¢ Iwas... ... safety of camp that I stopped worrying about the wild animals, 2 Steve's one topic of conversation is the time he spent as a pilot. EVER The time he spent as a pilot . os sonne ABOU 3 After arriving at the airport, we realized that our passports were still at home, UNTIL Than. .. at the airport that we realized our passports were still at home, 4 [first noticed the backpacker while I was looking at some brochures. LOOK Twas svnninnnne at Some brochures that I first noticed the backpacker. 5 When we got to the resort we discovered that it was better than we expected. TURNED When we got to the resort... expected. 6 They began calmly discussing football but soon started arguing fiercely about politics HEATED What began as a calm discussion about football soon developed about politics. 1 Read the following Writing Part 2 task. Before you write your answer, do the related planning and vocabulary tasks in exercises 2-3 below. be better than we ‘You have been asked to write a report for your national tourism authority about tourist attractions in your country. Your report should + explain why two tourist attractions are popular, + outline some problems associated with these sites. + suggest ways of improving the attractions. Write your report in 220-260 words. 2. Decide whether the statements 1-8 about writing this report are true (T) or false (F). Content 1 It’s acceptable to write about more than two attractions if you prefer: Organization and cohesion 2. Either of the two plans on page 75 would be acceptable. 74Going places QE Plan A Introduction Explanations — attractions I and 2 Problem(s) - attractions 1 and 2 Suggestions for improvements Plan B Introduction Explanation and problem(s) - attraction 1 Explanation and problem(s) ~ attraction 2 ‘Suggestions for improvements 3 An overall heading and individual paragraph headings are completely unnecessary. Range of language 4 Arrange of descriptive language would be useful here. ‘Target reader and register 5 An informal and chatty register would be best in this context. Vocabulary development: Collocations 3 For 1-8, cross out the word in italics which does not collocate with the word(s) in bold. 1 This has led to urban/poor/serioushvidespread/localized congestion. 2 Tickets are unacceptably/hightly/competitively/ikely/attractively priced. 3 Itsuffers from alan ineffective/ungualified/misleading/confusingill-considered advertising campaign. 4 There is/are run downvinadequatelample/a shortage offdestructive facilities 5 Information about the site is prosperoustunremarkable/illumtinating/engaging/detailed. 4° Now write your report in 220-260 words. BrrrWi 76 ® House and home Multiple choice You are going to read a magazine article about young people who have chosen to live with their parents again. For questions 1-6, choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which you think fits best according to the text, Back to the nest Spiralling property prices and the collapse of the labour market are forcing many young People (and some not so young) to move back in with their parents. But how are both generations coping with this living arrangement? \When stand-up comedian Nat Luurtserna hit the ripe od age of 28, she found nerselt living back in her parents’ house in the Hertfordshire town of Wattord. For six long months she languished ami the boy-band posters of her childhood bedroom, anc traipsed round, ike a reluctant toddler, after her mum in the supermarket. ‘When | moved back | really felt | had messed up, she says. 'I vas so lonely | started blogging about it That turned out to be my saving grace. Loads of people started getting in touch saying they were in the same position; leven had emails from high-tving corporate managers saying they were back with mum. The response was amazing. | stumbled upon a zeitgeist.” Luurtsema, it soon became Clear, was part of a ‘boomerang generation’ ~ the group of young adults who have found themselves returning to the family nest. There is something of a preoccupation with the living arrangements of these bboomerangers right now. Currently one of the biggest shows in the States is Girs, \wrtten by 25-year-old Lena Dunham, about four twentysomethings adrift in a sea of Unpaid internships and sofa-surfing in New York. Dunham, incidentally, wrote most of i while living at home with her own mum and dad. Then there's the cumbersomely titled How to Live with your Parents for the Rest of your Life ~ an entre sitcom built around the premise ~ which is currently being piloted on the ABC network. It's not surprising, then, that Luurtsema’s blog was swiftly picked up by publishing company Hodder and turned into a book, entitled Cuckoo in the Nest. The figures speak for themselves. A US report published last month found that as many as three in ten are returning to the family nest ~ the highest proportion since the 1950s. According to parenting expert Sue Atkins, the nature of the experience is dictated by how well a new set of boundaries is established. ‘Given the chance, these young adults will revert back to being teenagers again,’ she claims. In order to stop any regression, Atkins proposes that parents say “This is a new phase of your life now and it's going to be different.’ ‘They have to sit down and have a conversation about them paying their way and what is acceptable and what is not, Then follow up on it and make sure they're not taken for a ride.” It's interesting that, whatever the circumstances, everyone Nat talked to had a firm moving out date set — usually within a year-and-a-half ~ both for their own sanity and to avoid imposing on their parents. For Luurtsema, it was around the six-month mark that she knew her time in Watford had to come to an end. There's a moment in the book that says it all: she had just finished a gig and was hanging out backstage with comedians Richard Herring and Stephen Merchant when, absent-mindedly, she pulled from her bag a Tupperware box containing ‘a packed lunch made by her mum. 'A heavy silence broke out, with undertones of pity,’ she writes. Shortly after, she was gone. Actress Gemma Swead, 27, moved back in with her parents after she'd been working in Los Angeles for three years, Having now been with them for a year and a half, she says ‘There was no question about me going back. In fact, it was just kind of assumed | would. | am very, very close to both parents.’ She concedes, however, that ‘the fact that they want to know everything - not in a controlling way ~ means they can get a little bit on top of me. If 'm down, they will want ‘to know if everything is all right. And theyHouse and home ax repeat things just to make sure I've heard. _an era where adolescence stretches right So now, itone of them asks me the same _ through the twenties? Are these ‘kids’ going ‘question more than once | just pretend | __ tobe holding down jobs while stil getting didn’t hear it. But at the same time | wouldn't their shirts washed and meals cooked? Or change any of it. Right now | am totally wil it create a new, modern family structure focused on my career. | wouldn't be able to with stronger, more adult bonds between cdo what I'm trying to do without them.’ generations and a chance for some of your parents’ terrible memories of you as a Itdoes make you wonder what impact this stroppy teen to be extinguished? might have in the future, Are we heading for 1 When Nat Luurtsema began to blog about her experience of living at home, she ‘A. felt humiliatéd by some of the comments she received. B was relieved to discover that others were in a similar position C was surprised to be contacted by people she knew from work, D felt reluctant about revealing all her personal details. 2. What does the writer suggest about Nat's Luurtsema's book in the second paragraph? A. The story it tells is more convincing than others on the same theme. B The US public may be unreceptive to a British writer’s experience. © There are elements of it which come across as slightly clichéd. D Its subject matter seems to be growing in popularity at the moment. 3 Parenting expert Sue Atkins maintains that adults who move back in with their parents A. tend to behave immaturely. B need to set out their expectations, € have to expect a degree of conflict. D must recognize it is a temporary situation. 4 The writer refers to Nat's meeting with other comedians in order to A make the point that children will always take parents for granted B show how adults’ attitudes towards living with parents can vary. € support the idea that the time spent living with parents must be limited. D illustrate a particular benefit of returning briefly to the parental home. 5 What are we told about the actress Gemma Swead? A. She can be frustrated by the way that her parents express their concern. B She resents the way her parents attempt to restrict her personal freedom. © She intends to move out as soon as she has secured new employment. D She had never expected to live with her parents again once she had left home. 6 The writer suggests that living arrangements in the future may mean that A. the next generation of adults has no sense of responsibility. B the relationship between parents and adult children improves. © the significance of the parental role will eventually diminish, D adults will choose to delay having children of their own, cili House and home Vocabulary 1 78 ‘Wordlist on page 213 of the Coursebook. In Aand B complete the sentences with one of the words from the boxes. A bee dog owl lion mouse 1 Twas woken up at two o'clock by an inconsiderate hooting monotonously in the tee next to my tent, 2 We heard the squeaking of a__ coming from the cupboard where we had set the trap. 3 Ahoney came buzzing past, a sign that spring had at last arrived, 4 The neighbours’__ they're both out at work, 5 Whats the name of the company that has that _ rearing before the beginning of each film? spends the day whining and scratching at the door while leaves floorboards stomach drum — music 1 His rumbled, reminding him that he hadn't eaten since lunchtime. 2 The rustled in the gentle breeze. 3 Iwish that child would stop banging that ! 4 You can't complain - you have your blaring out all day: 5 We heard voices and the sound of footsteps on creaking Choose the correct answer A, B, Cor D. 1 He's a very well-behaved little boy - Trarely have to my voice to him. A shout B lose C raise Diift 2 As we climbed higher, the noise of the traffic gradually away: A faded B left € grew D weakened 3 Icouldn’t hear what they were saying; they were in the next room so their voices were A booming ——_B mufiled € hoarse D rough 4 She came in, picked up her things, and left before I could __ a sound, A pronounce B tell € express D utter 5 There was a__party going on next door last night; the police eventually came at half past one and put a stop to it. A constant Beontinuous — € roomy D rowdy 6 He proposed to her in the _lit restaurant of the hotel with piano music playing in the background. A soundly B softly smoothly D sparsely 7 Cleaners worked overtime to get the place looking spick and for the presidential visit. A spam B spot spin D span 8 Factory workers lived in council flats which were ___ built and badly maintained A poorly B weakly € highly D slightly 9 Immigrants live in_ conditions, with up to 15 sharing a small room. A spacious B cramped € restrained D constrained 10 The town is ideally __ for visiting both London and the south coast, A set B centred C orientated D situatedHouse and home QQ Language focus Grammar reference on page 222 of the Coursebook. Participle clauses Combine the following pairs of sentences using participle clauses. Examples: Sheffield FC was fpunded in 1857. This makes it the oldest football elub in the world Sheffield FC was founded in 1857, making It the oldest football club in the worl. He inherited a huge sum of money from his grandmother. He decided to give up work. Having inherited a huge eum of money from his grandmother he decided to give up work 1 Lord of the Rings: Return of the King 5 Tam nota parent. I can take my won 11 Oscars. It equalled the record holidays whenever I like. held by Ben Huer and Titanic for the 6 The team has had a disastrous season highest number of Academy Awards. so far. It has won only three of its last 2 We finally discovered where the leak sixteen games. was. We called in a phimber. 7 Ourparents went away for the 3 The school now has 1254 students. weekend. My brother and [had a This represents a 6 per cent increase party. on last year's figure. 8 Iwas walking home from school 4 Part of the stadium roof collapsed. It yesterday. I bumped into Alex injured six spectators, Reading and) Open cloze Use of English For questions 1-8, read the text below and think of the word which best fits each gap. Use only one word in each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0). Write your answers IN CAPITAL LETTERS. High-rise buildings Plans for high-rise buildings in London and Liverpool ate being contested as opposition grows (0) .. JQ... the tall, the ostentatious, and the ‘iconic’. The people opposing the new towers are (1) but young activists and many people usually associated (2) ....... the avant-garde. In (8) sonsnsn. Sense, these buildings are seen as out of time, (4)... been conceived in the last economic boom but built during a recession ~ and in another, as out of place, particularly in fourstorey streetscapes. Part of the wider problem is that (5) in the past tower blocks were built with the poor (6) ...01 mind, these buildings are mostly for the luxury market, aiming to attract investment money from overseas, @ is why opponents view them as socially divisive. Estate agent Nigel Abbot disagrees: “Taller buildings maximize available space in congested cities. Its (8) wonder that there are plans to build into the sky. necessarily traditional conservatives and architectural purists,0 House and home Reading and Use of English En Multiple-choice cloze For questions 1-8, read the text below and decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0). Flat to let Location: Norfolk Gardens, Westgate No, of bedrooms: 1 Price per week: £620 ‘This large one-bedroomed flat, situated in the (0) residential suburb of Westgate and.(1) ....u., St John’s Park, is ideal for a busy single person or couple. ‘The accommodation is (2) located in the heart of the suburb within easy walking distance of the wide range of amenities offered by both Westgate and the fashionable Donatello Road Market. Newly decorated and carpeted, the property (3) a double bedroom, good. sized reception room, large living room, fully fitted kitchen and a bathroom with quality shower. Tenants also have (4) of their own secure underground parking space. The flat is simply but (3) furnished and the south-facing living room is pleasantly light and (6) . with lange pieture windows which offer superb views of the surrounding area. What (7)... this property apart from other accommodation with similar @) is its very acceptable price, given its central location and excellent transport links to other parts of the city. For further details or to arrange a viewing telephone 020 786 50990. © A greenish B leafy € flowering D blooming 1 A overseeing Boverhanging —_€ overlooking —_—D overreaching 2A appropriately B fittingly € suitably D conveniently 3A composes Becomprises € comprehends__D compounds 4 A service Bemployment —_€ application Duse 5A sparsely B plainly € richly D tastefully 6 A draughty B breezy C airy D gusty 7A sets B puts C keeps D holds 8 A types B kinds € characteristics D aspectsHouse and home @TO Reading and Use of English Word formation For questions 1-8 read the text below. Use the word given in capitals at the end of some of the lines to form a word that fits in the gap in the same line, There is an example at the beginning (0). Write your answers IN CAPITAL LETTERS. Treehouses In some of Britain's most exclusive (0) ... NEIGHEQURHOODS .. where | NEIGHBOUR | swimming pools and conservatories are commonplace, the most stylish are opting for the only addition (1) ....un-« €0 tun the GUARANTEE neighbours green’- a luxury treehouse for adults. 2)... more COST than £20000, they come with drinks cabinets, dining tables, @) kitchens and balconies. Some owners find their trechouses FIT are perfect for holding (4) business meetings, and one INTERRUPT businessman liked his so much that he made it into a permanent office. Derek and Edwina Lilley spent £24000 on Britain’s most (5) . LUXURY and extravagant treehouse. It took four weeks to build and can accommodate 35 for drinks parties with ease. It has a kitchen (6) .ossesunssees With a combination oven, grill and hob, as well as hot and EQUIP 01d (D) sas water, The upper-crust trechouses are the product of RUN ‘a Scottish company called Peartree, which built 50 in its first year Planning (8)... is not needed as they are regarded as PERMIT temporary buildings. Reading and Use of English ta Key word transformation For questions 1-6, complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given, You must use between three and six words, including the word given. There is an example at the beginning (0). Write your answers IN CAPITAL LETTERS. © The police asked Mr Porter many questions about exactly where he was on the night of his wife's murder: RELATION ‘The police asked Mr Porter many questions __INRELATION TOHIS EXACT _ whereabouts on the night of his wiles murder 1 As I didn’t want to disappoint my parents, I agreed to go to medical school, LET Not my parents, I agreed to go to medical school. 2. After deciding he would leave home, Enrique immediately began searching for an apartment. DECISION Having leave home, Enrique immediately began searching for ‘an apartment. 3. Make sure you look after your bag in this café as there are many thieves around, EYE Id advise you ___ your bag in this café as there are many thieves around, 4 [feel certain that there will be a new government after the election. BOUND In my opinion, there. of government after the election, 5 No-one in my department admitted that the mistake was their fault RESPONSIBILITY No-one in my department was willing __ the mistake. 6 Someone has made the suggestion that our current data-entry system be replaced, RD 81 Ithas been our current data-entry system. eeNarn House and home Essay oa 82 1 Read the following Writing Part 1 task and the model answer below. Does the model answer respond to all parts of the question? Your class has attended a seminar on what methods governments could use to help young people find suitable accommodation. You have made the notes below: building programme | Some opinions expressed in the seminar: eee “We need more low-cost housing.” inancial assistance | | ays should be introduced to minimize rents. “Young people living with their parents should receive help from the government.” Write an essay discussing two of the methods in your notes. You should explain which method you think is more important for governments to consider, giving reasons in support of your answer You may, if you wish, make use of the opinions expressed in the seminar, but you should use your own words as far as possible. Model answer In recent find accomm pre sive, very poo! mn of these factor y wry to continue thelr ¢ 2 consey might m 1 attire poe ae eee eras uties rk or etudy in a differen 5 8 range of affor Japs @ NOPE APY neusing near the le but co ar sequently pro to colleges and wo An initiative of th 8 of the ent shouk society, while failing to act mad worse, For thesHouse and home @@ls 2. Underline the words and phrases in the model answer which give the reason forfresult of a course of action. Example: an unfortunate consequence of Vocabulary development: Expressing opinions 3. Complete the sentences with a past participle from the box, There is an example at the beginning (0), applauded céndemned confirmed ignored forgotten misrepresented recognized 0 The effects of this practice are now widely recognized as being harmful to people's health, 1 Itwas always suspected that there was shortage of affordable housing, Now studies have this beyond doubt, 2. The evidence is now so overwhelming that it cannot be__ the government must take immediate action. 3. The debate, which raged for many weeks last year, is all but _ now; the media clearly have a very short memory. 4 The facts have been enquiry has led them to be rather the company’s vested interest in the outcome of the :conomical with the truth. ' 5 The council’ actions are being by all parties and quite rightly so in my opinion, There is simply no excuse for such poor judgement. 6 Its one of the best exhibitions I've seen in years, The gallery should be for managing to bring so much of his work to the city 4° Look at the following Writing Part 1 task, ‘Mothods the college should use. to holp students find suitable. + lower rent ‘Some opinions expressed in the workshop + better assistance ‘Staying in college hall's of reskience should be + more flexibility cheaper. | ‘The college should provide a service that helps students find accommodation.” ‘Halls of residence close over summer but ‘some students have nowhere else to go.” Your class has attended a workshop on what methods your college should use to help students find suitable accommodation. You have made the notes below. Write an essay discussing two of the methods in your notes. You should explain which method you think is more important for the college to consider, giving reasons in | support af your answer. i ‘You may, if you wish, make use of the opinions expressed in the discussion, but you should use your own words as far as possible. Now write your answer in 220-260 words. 83i : ® A cultural education rm Reading and Use of English 20 Multiple matching 1 You are going to read an article about the influence of classical music on children. For questions 1-10, choose from the sections A-E. The sections may be chosen more than onee. In which section are the following mentioned? a positive comparison between two examples of classical music an obstacle that a project is still trying to overcome the impression that music had been created in order to complement the spoken word the sense of anticipation common to a group of children a contrast between the effects of two musical genres on young children a commonly held negative perception about the nature of classical music influences on the direction that the writer's career took an experience far exceeding the writer’ expectations of it exposure to classical music being part of the childhood experience the suggestion that children need a visual aspect to be attracted to classical music FREERES GRE Wider horizons Rory Bremner explai classical musie fan for life A How many of us can remember our first encounter with classical music? It may have been a recital, a trip to the theatre or concert hall - or listening to the records or radio programmes that were part-of your early family life, gradually assimilated as they played in the background. I can't remember a specific occasion, but I do remember the bizarre and random record collection my brother and T somehow accumulated as children: the comedy duo Flanders and Swain and the Monty Python sketches we listened to testified to a love of comedy, a delight in wordplay and voices that were clearly the inspiration behind my eventual becoming a comedian. There was also a Disney recording of Russian composer Prokofiev's Peter and the Wolf B And so it was that I was drawn by that story into the world of the orchestra as the navrator, Sterling Holloway, introduced the instruments as characters — the clarinet, 35 40 how listening to the child-friendly Peter and the Wolf made him a as Ivan the cat, the oboe as Sonia the duck, the string section as Peter and so ‘on, To my mind the work ranks alongside Saint-Saens’ Carnival of the Animals with its elephant, tortoises and the sublime swan, as one of the great introductions to classical music. Almost 30 years later I was sitting on stage in an Oxford concert hall, ‘waiting to narrate a performance of Peter and the Wolf. The audience filed in: parents leading their little ones, some shy and even, apprehensive, having never (I imagined) seen a full orchestra before, [remember being profoundly moved by the excitement and wonder in that room; the thought that, for some of these young minds, the experience might be the first discovery of the possibilities of music, the planting of a seed, the wakening of an imagination, It seems extraordinary that Peter and the Wolf was written as long ago as 1936, the Carnival of the Animals 50 years earlier. So isn't it about time that someone created some modern, funny stories to get children listening to classical music?60 $ of presenting music in the c And now someone has done something about it, a music teacher named Matt Parry, who has woven an original story around Rimsky Korsakov’s music for Scheherazade, The project has started life as a CD recording, but has the potential to be a lot more: 2 musical app, an interactive website, an animated film, a live show ical in his belief that classical music has the potential to develop children’s imaginktions and their ability to listen and absorb quite complicated ‘information’ in a way that pop music simply doesn't. This is something they'l benefit from for the rest of their lives. And the spark is undeniably there ~ after all, children enjoy the mock classical scores of the Harry Potter, Star Wars and Batman films, so it's just a case ight way, with stories and powerful imagery, to get them hooked on it 90 D And so it was that I found myself in an unprepossessing recording studio near Hampton Court, Having turned up for what 1 imagined would be a straightforward piece of voiceover, (my job was simply to add a voice for Sinbad, the Chief Pirate), I was blown 100 85 an orch A cultural education @&RmS away by the ambition and enchantment of what Parry was creating, with its playfulness and enthusiasm and the quite remarkable way in which he had made the dialogue fit the music: a together, the music written to accompany the script, rather than the other way round. Parry’ new production sweeps away all the ‘stuffiness’ and over-formality that is often associated with classical music. And all of this created with a fellow music teacher, with stra drawn from his friends and the help of some talented musical actors. if they were meant to be E EMI Classics showed interest in the project, but things stalled following EMI's takeover by Universal Music Undaunted, Parry has now launched a campaign throug the crowd funding organization Kickstarter: through which supporters of his project can buy the CD and pre-order a graphic novel to accompany it. I's an idea that deserves to take off, bringing children to classical music much as the children’s book series Horrible Histories got them learning about history. I'm just excited to be part of it and hope that one day soon, a child like the one I once was will come across Scheherazade, and be inspired. st yet 85WEED.» cuturat education 86 2 a In 1-8 below, complete each gap with one word so that the second sentence has the same meaning as the first, The answer to the second sentence is taken from the reading text on pages 84-85, There is an example at the beginning (0). Do the exercise without looking at the reading text on pages 84-85, © I well remember the first time I met this band. Thave a vivid memory of my first encounter __with this band. (1-2) 1 When [ wrote this book, it was a visit to Prague that influenced me. My visit to Prague was the _ behind this book. (14-15) 2 This small, low-budget film deserves just as much recognition as any Hollywood epic ‘on the subjéct of war, This small, low-budget film ranks any Hollywood epic as one of the great war movies. (25-28) 3 This experience will be useful to you for the rest of your life. It’s an experience that you'll from for the rest of your life! (60) 4 Many young readers became addicted to the Harry Potter novels because of the wonderful characters. It was the wonderful characters that got many young readers on the Hamy Potter novels. (66-67) 5 The sheer size of the sculpture really impressed me. Iwas away by the sheer size of the sculpture. (73-74) 6 There is a commonly held perception that opera is only for the wealthy. Opera is often with the wealthy. (82-83) 7 The publishers said they thought the book had potential. The publishers showed in the book. (87) 8 IS a great project so success would be justified. It a great project that deservesto__ off. (94-95) b Check your answers in the reading text on pages 84-85. The relevant line numbers are given in brackets Vocabulary ‘Wordlist on page 213 of the Coursebook. A. Sight Underline the correct alternative. 1 Iey roads and poor visibility/sight/view due to fog meant driving conditions were extremely dangerous. 2 I've always had poor eyesight/view/look, whereas my brother, who's 56, still has twenty-twenty vision/eye/sight and will probably never have to wear glasses. 3 Td hate to be a film stat; always in the publie vision/eye/show, recognized Wherever you go, As soon as I mentioned Sally, Paul gave me a knowing sighr/view/look. ‘But Sally and [are just good friends,’ I protested. The cliffs were a welcome vision/sight/show after so many weeks at sea, He suffered a heart attack on stage, in complete/open/full view of the audience. picked up the shiny stone to take a handier/tighter/closer look. For most of this week the comet will be visible with the naked/bare/open eye. 9 Could you keep/puv/set your eye on my bag, please? I'm just going to the toilet. 10 We scanned the night sky, hoping to give/catch/gain sight of the comet * eauA cultural educa B Readand write 1 Complete the phrasal verbs with an appropriate word from the box. In each section 1-4 the word required for both spaces is the same up into off out 1 I've just written __ to the Polish Tourist Office for information on the Masur Lakes, Western goyernments have come under increasing pressure to write __Thirel World debts. : 2 As soon as the interview was over, he wrote _ his notes and emailed the report 10 his boss. : Contract law is a complex area, so it's wise to read professional advice. 3° She swallowed hard and wrote _a cheque for £4560. Lets hear what you've written for number 3. Can you read ____ your answer, please, Alex? 4. The right to keep and bear arms is written ___ the constitution of the United States. 1s only an opinion poll ~ it would be wrong to read too much ___ the results, on the subject and take 2. Match each pair of definitions a-d to the appropriate pair of verbs in bold in exercise 1 above. a include in (a law, contract or agreement); think something means more than it really does b record in a full and complete form; read a lot about a subject in order to get information © apply to an organization asking them to send something; cancel complete a printed document (e.g. prescription, receipt) with information; read aloud Language focus ©} Grammar coterence on pages 222-223 of the Goursebook. Inversion 1 Complete each of the gaps with one word, Statement from the main opposition party At (1)___ time in the last 60 years (2) literacy levels in this country been so low. Not only (3)__ the nation’s teenagers reading less than ever before, (4) many are also incapable of writing more than one sentence without making a spelling or punctuation mistake, (5) ____ since the 1940s have we witnessed such a decline in reading and writing standards. © no circumstances must this situation be permitted to continue, Only (7) __ the government introduces a comprehensive reading programme for three to five-year-olds (8) ___ standards improve. (9) __ then will the nation’s youth be able to break free from the chains af illiteracy and recover its dignity. (10) _ no account must we allow ourselves to be complacent; action must be taken now.‘ra A cultural education 2 Complete the sentences with a suitable phrase, There is an example at the beginning ©). © Not for one moment ___didwe suspect__ that David had stolen it - it took us all completely by surprise 1_No sooner home than my mother phoned. 2 Only when the news on television did she realize the full scale of the tragedy 3 Never before in all my working life such an incompetent boss. 4 Not until youve tidied your room _______ you to go out and play with your friends! 5 Hardly___his new job when the company ran into problems and made hith redundant. 6 Atno point in the marathon _ __ of giving up: I had promised myself I would finish it 7 Never again her advice - 'm in more trouble now than I was before. 8 Little that someone was recording their conversation. Reading and) Multiple-choice cloze Use of English For questions 1-8, read the text below and decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0). Opera for everyone You could be forgiven for (0) the Royal Opera House (ROH) more with the over-50s than with the under-15s. But if you did, then you might be surprised to learn that the ROH’s education department reaches out every year to (1)..,.,. the young generation with opera. Itis, however, safe to assume that opera can be an unfamiliar (2) ...... to most schoolchildren, and the first reaction (8)... by the ROH in the classroom is often bemusement. ‘Children (4) ...... positively as long as you introduce them to opera in the right way,’ explains Paul Reeve, the ROH's director of education. ‘The older students can initially have an extreme negative reaction, but that (6... is a great challenge. We give those (6) ...... kids the opportunity to experience what it's like to be, say, a composer or a choreographer, and that shows them the skill that is (7) ...... in the art forms.’ One popular programme the ROH (8)....... annually is ‘Write an Opera’ and this year children from 28 UK schools will perform their work on stage in July. 0 A tying B relating € joining D associating 1 A reveal B keep € engage D maintain 2 Away B medium € channel D means 3 Adeveloped —_B projected —_—_€ provided D encountered 4 A respond B manage C answer D learn 5A refusal Bresistance € indifference _ disillusionment 6 A ironic B doubtful € sceptical D improbable 7 A requested Beontained —_€ involved D included 8 Asetsup Bruns up C comes up D takes upA cultural education Word formation For questions 1-8, read the text below. Use the word given in capitals at the end of some of the lines to form a word that fits in the gap in the same line. There is an example at the beginning (0). Write your answers IN CAPITAL LETTERS. Reading and Use of Engl rs A COUNTRY AND WESTERN DEGREE Lyries from county and westem songs have (0) ENABLED a student ABLE to obtain a degree in geography and (1) ,...e.00000 management, ENVIRONMENT Sally Hill, who (2),, in cultural and social geography during SPECIAL her three-year course, analysed in (3)... over $0 country songs DEEP as part of a study of the changing nature of relationships. According to Sally, the lyrics provide a fascinating (4) ,...nes Into the way women’s SIGHT 8) of men have evolved, From the 1970s she used material PERCEIVE by Tammy Wynette, including Run Woman Ru, a song that was written from the point of view of an older woman (6)..... a younger ADVICE, woman to return to the man she has left, as she ‘may not find true love again’. From the 1990s she quotes Shania Twain, who, in Man, I Feel Like a Woman, (2) mere WOMEN tO ‘have a little fun’ and ‘go COURAGE, totally crazy’. Sally says the inspiration for her idea came from her mother, a fan of country music who describes herself as'a fiercely (8) seessense and happily divorced woman’, DEPEND Reading and) Key word transformation Use of English rm Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given, You must use between three and six words, including the word given, Write your answers IN CAPITAL LETTERS. 1 We saw a bear almost as soon as we began our journey. SIGHT No sooner had we set... sevens OF DE 2 Although he had a poor upbringing, James has done well for himself SPITE, James has done well for himself, ..........0.000 3 We only realized what it was when we examined it more closely. LOOK Not until we took a... 4 We found it surprising that so few came to the meeting. ‘TURNOUT We did not expect there «re for the meeting. 5 Fame became too much for her and she became a recluse. EYE She could no longer put up . _ and she became a recluse. 6 Check that your valuables cannot be seen by potential thieves. KEPT Make sce of sight of potential thieves. up in poverty. realize what it was. 89a) A cultural education Formal email 1 Read the following Writing Part 2 task and the model answer below: Would you be interested in taking part in a programme like this? Your college is interested in setting up a student exchange programme with colleges abroadiin foreign countries. You have been asked by your college director to write an email that will be sent to « number of colleges in foreign countries to introduce the programme and assess potential interest. Your email should © describe your college * explain how the student exchange programme will work * suggest how the programme would benefit both colleges. @00 Dear College Director, 1am writing on behalf of Heathbridge College, where I am a student leader. Heathbridge is a vibrant tertiary institution and a focal point for the local community, Over 3000 undergraduates are enrolled on a broad range of vocational and academic courses, but our particular emphasis is science and technology. We also offer exceptional facilities for arts, sporting and other recreational activities. Our latest initiative is the establishment of an international exchange programme, which your college might be interested in joining, The preliminary proposal is for our students to transfer for a period of between one term and one year to a sister school overseas, while a contemporary from that college would move to Heathbridge. The two students would be studying related subjects and would have the option of taking up each other's accommodation, staying in a college hall or lodging with a host family. However, the latter two may incur additional expense. Such a programme would be of enormous value to all concerned because we live in an increasingly globalized world. The experience of living in a foreign culture and gaining exposure to a different academic tradition would be a significant step in a student's personal development. Furthermore, the independence and sense of perspective gained by an exchange student might well prove to be an advantage in the process of job application and entering the workforce. If you would like further details and to ascertain whether our two colleges | are compatible, please do not hesitate to contact me. Thank you for your attention. Yours sincerely, Jason Spencer Write your email in 220-260 words.