ECO-FRIENDLY INNOVATED TUBE MADE OF POLYVINYL

CHLORIDE (PVC) AND INNER RUBBER TUBE FOR

STUDENTS AND PROFESSIONALS.

A Research Presented to
The Senior High School Department
Tagum National Trade School
Apokon, Tagum City

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements

In Practical Research II

Bertolpo, Kathy
Dawa, Jeunylyan
Gulle, Randolf
Infante, Ella

March 2020
 ACCEPTANCE AND APPROVAL

This Research Paper entitled, “An Eco-Friendly Innovated Tube

Made-Up of Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) and Inner Rubber Tube

for Architecture, Drafting, and Engineering Students.” prepared

by Kathy Bertolpo, Jeunylyan Grace Dawa, Ella Infante, and

Randolf Gulle of Tagum National Trade School, in partial fulfillment

with the requirements in Practical Research II under the Senior High

School Program is hereby accepted and approved.

Endorsed by:

Ally Calcaben Paulino Tado

Practical Research II Adviser Research Coordinator

ADELFA M. MIGUEL

Assistant Principal II

Senior High School

MARIO S GREGORIO, Ed. D.

School Principal III

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

“There is no elevator to success. We have to take the stairs.”

There is no shortcut in achieving success and success is for

those who don’t give up. You must have to work hard on it and give

effort to everything that you have to do. We are sincerely thankful to

the people who became instruments in fulfilling this study.

We will forever be grateful to our Almighty God the Father for

all his kindness and for giving us divine wisdom. He never left and has

always been there in time of needs, guiding and provided all the we

ever needed.

To our Research subject teacher, Ms. Allyn Calcaben. For her

undying support and patience and for the moral support in all of our

endeavors in the institution.

To Mr. Mario Gregorio, Ed D., for his endless patience,

guidance and encouragement and for sharing his experience.

Our deepest gratitude also for IOC-Senior High School, Adelfa

M. Miguel, Principal II, for being generous of her time and sharing

her ideas with me.

 ABSTRACT

Increase usage of polyvinyl pipes and rubber tire waste causes

pollution on land, waterways, and oceans. There are approximately

40.2 percent of the total amount of rubber tires generated and

landfills received 4.5 million of tons of rubber tires. Over 16 million old

tires are reused as retreads, where new rubber is molded onto an old

tire. Anecdotally, the total PVC amount is between 1000 and 3000

tonnes per year. This developmental research product, entitled: An

Eco-Friendly Innovated Tube Made-Up of Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) and

Inner Rubber Tube for Architecture, Drafting, and Engineering

Students intends to provide solution for the pollution cause by a PVC

and rubber tires that is used eventually disposed. Innovating a PVC

waste and applied interior rubber tire into the production cycle of

making the tube is a solution that improves our day to day problem in

plastic PVC and rubber tire pollution. This paper discusses a new

concept of a tube with ecologically attributes.

Keyword: Innovating, PVC and Inner rubber tube recycling

 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

Title page i

Acceptance and approval ii

Acknowledgement iii

Abstract iv

Table of contents v

List of tables vi

List of figures vii

CHAPTER

1 INTRODUCTION

Project Context 1

Purpose and Description 3

Objective of the Study 3

Conceptual Framework 4

Scope and Limitation 4

Significance of the Study 5

 Definition of Terms 6

2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 9

3 MATERIALS AND METHOD 13

Materials 13

Process Model 14

Requirement Analysis 15

Requirement Documentation 21
 Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION

Project Context

Inner tube is a separate inflatable tube inside a pneumatic tire.

While, PVC are commonly found in everyday items from bottles to

house siding. These two things are indeed useful, yet it can cause a

serious environmental problem if proper segregation and disposal are

not implemented.

There are approximately 40.2 percent of the total amount of

rubber tires generated and landfills received 4.5 million of tons of

rubber tires (EPA, 2015). Over 16 million old tires are reused as

retreads, where new rubber is molded onto an old tire (Lallanilla,

2019). Anecdotally, the total PVC amount is between 1000 and 3000

tonnes per year and 37 millions tonnes of PVC is produced worldwide.

The PVC pipe waste is an undetermined proportion of this. The product

life of this is up to 100 years and has a 600 years lifespan and it could

be recycled six to seven times (PIPA, n.d.).

PVC, commonly used in plastics pipes, shower curtains, medical

tubing, vinyl dashboards. Once recycled, it can be ground up and

reused to make vinyl flooring, window frames, and used to

manufactured new pipes and range of other products. Consumers can

feel free to return
 2

such items to the product manufacturers to avoid contributing to

the local waste stream, and instead, dispose the items properly (Earth

Talk, 2019).

In the Philippines, Siklo Pilipinas has a passion for turning tire and

inner tube rubber into elegant fashion bags and accessories. They also

do customized products such as cases for musical instruments,

wristbands, belts, and what have you. The specific material they use

for their products are mostly the inner tube the smoother part of the

tires usually used for life buoys or salbabida (Gonzales, 2014).

This innovative tube is a research that focused to lessen the tires

and PVC waste, and make it more useful rather than it stock in the

corner. The importance of this tube is that, it is an recycled product of

inner tube and PVC pipe which will lessen the wastes and may help

these students to have an eco-friendly less hassle tube. It is also

helpful to other students because this tube is innovated and also have

an additional feature, such as pocket where they can put their

mechanical pencils and mechanical leads, and also there’s a hook

where they can hang their triangles. This innovated tube is unique

because it is a less hassle tube and eco-friendly.

 3

Purpose and Description

The main purpose of this study is to lessen the waste of inner

tubes and PVC pipe and at the same time, innovate it into an eco-

friendly less hassle tube. The focus of this study is the tube being

recycled and innovated from the inner tube and PVC waste, which help

the environment to lessen the cause of pollution. Inner tube were

recycled as the strap, pockets, and triangle holder of the tube, and

PVC pipe serves as the whole body.

Objective of the Study

The main objective of this research is to reduce the waste and to

find a way to recycle the PVC and inner tube. This study helps to

recycle these waste into an eco-friendly innovated tube and make it

more useful to these students. It may also help the environmentalist

researchers to lessen the burden of the waste of inner tube and PVC

pipe on the nature.

Conceptual Framework

This project study is centered on recycling and innovating the tube

using the waste of polyvinyl chloride and inner tube that stock up in

the corner.
4
 4

Input Process

Recycled Tube Preparing the Materials

Interior Rubber Tire

Trimming and forming
Polyvinyl Chloride the PVC, Sealing the
Holes using the
Vulcaseal
Vulcaseal, Cutting of
Inner Rubber Tube
into Strap, Pockets,
and Hook.
Output

Figure 1. The Conceptual Framework of the Study.

Figure 1 indicates the input, process, and output of the study.

Input consist of materials needed. The process shows the steps in

making the recycled tube. The output is the finish product of the

research.

Scope and Limitation

The research is mainly focusing on recycling and reuse the inner

tube tire and PVC pipe into an innovative blueprint tube.

In this research, the benefits of technical drafting students of

Tagum National Trade School is having an eco-friendly and innovated

 5

tube to reduce the waste of inner tube tires and PVC. The student can

use this as a less hassle carrier of their drawing tools, where they can

carry their triangles and mechanical pencils in this innovated tube.

The target of this study is to lessen the plastic tube like PVC and

inner tube tire waste, to have a living eco-ethical lifestyle.

Significance of the Study

This section enumerates the beneficiaries and what are the

benefits of using this recycled tube.

Businesses. It gives them the idea of recycling plastic pipe and

rubber tire into an useful tube for students. It will also give them an

idea on how will they innovate the tube compare to the normal tube

that they produce and sell.

Government Institutions. This study help them in recycling the

plastic pipe and inner tube tire to lessen the waste on the local

dumping area of the city. Also, to help the government’s

environmentalist to lessen their burdens on how will they recycle and

eliminate these waste in a proper way that can’t cause a risk on the

environment.

Community. This study lessen the plastic pipes and rubber tires

waste to be deposited in landfill site and the air pollution caused by

 6

burning the rubber tires.

Students. It help the students to carry their drawing tools in this

eco-friendly innovated less hassle tube. These students don’t need to

carry an extra brief case and pencil case where they can put their

triangles and mechanical pencils.

Definition of Terms

Blueprint/Plates- A design plan or other technical drawing.

PVC - A chemically resistant synthetic resin made by polymerizing

vinyl chloride and used for a wide variety of products including pipes,

flooring, and sheeting.

Tire- A tire is a strong, flexible rubber casing attached to the rim

of a wheel.

Tube- A storage for Architects, Engineers, and Draftsman’s

plates/blueprints, sheets, and poster maps. It holds rolled sheets and

protects sheets from dirt, marks, folds, and tears as well as from the

weather conditions.

Tire Derived Fuel – A fuel derived fuel from scrap tires of all

kinds. This may include whole tires processed into uniform, flowable

pieces that satisfy the specifications of the end-user. Scrap tires are

used as fuel either shredded or whole depending on the type of

 7

combustion unit.
 Chapter 2
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter, on the review of related literature and studies,

presents the review of related literature and studies.

Waste tires generated in the New England states are for the

most part managed within New England region. Studies show that

waste tires generally stay in their area of origin due to the high cost of

transportation. The most common management method for waste

tires is as fuel for either the paper mills in Maine or at a tire-to-

energy-facility in Connecticut. There are three paper mills in Maine

that supplement their fuel use with Tire-Derived Fuel (TDF). Together

the three mills consumed approximately 71,000 tons of TDF in 2000

which equates roughly to 7.1 million passenger tires. The dedicated

tire-to-energy facility, Exeter Energy Limited in Sterling, Connecticut

burns mainly whole tires, and consumed 10.13 million equivalents in

2000 (Ganiron, 2014).

The safety and health hazards related to recycling of used rubber,

due to the scarcity and high price of virgin rubber are reported.

Various threats like stagnant water pools trapped in tires leading to

diseases and ignited tires, which become very difficult to extinguish

and generating smoke that is extremely detrimental to the

environment, have limited the success of recycling tires. (Williams,

2007)
 Plastic recycling has been an alternative method for solid waste

management apart from landfill and incineration. However, recycling

quality is affected when all plastics are discarded into a single

recycling bin that increases cross contamination

and operating costs in the recycling industry. Following the

engineering design process, a new eight-compartment plastic waste

collection bin is designed to facilitate plastic recycling and sorting at

source, which also provides insight to educators about problem solving

on environmental issues.The volumes of plastic wastes collected

match the design dimensions as well. Further education about plastic

recycling is required to improve the recycling quality (Chow, Cheuk-

fai; So, Wing-Mui Winnie; Cheung, Tsz-Yan, 2016).

It may have a solution to clean up at least some of that massive

volume of plastic waste. They have devised a chemical conversion

process that could transform waste containing polyolefin, a form of

plastic, into useful products like clean fuels and other items. They

Has invented a method that can convert more than 90%

of polyolefin waste into a variety of products from pure polymers to

fuels. The process relies on the extraction and hydrothermal

liquefaction. Once plastic waste is converted into naphtha, it can

either serve as a feedstock for other chemicals or else get separated

into specialty solvents or other products. Clean fuels, thus derived

could supply 4% of the demand for gasoline and diesel fuels each

year, the researchers say.Of all the plastics produced over the past 65

years, only 12% has been incinerated and only 9% has been recycled.

The remaining 79% has ended up in landfills or the oceans. Plastic

waste disposal, whether recycled or thrown away, does not mean the

end of the story. These plastics degrade slowly and release toxic

micro-plastics and chemicals into the land and the water. This is a

catastrophe, because once these pollutants are in the oceans, they are

impossible to retrieve completely (Wang,2019).

Related Products

DEWEL Expandable

The DEWEL storage tube is expandable in ten different heights. It

has a length that can go from 24 inches minimum to 40 inches
maximum with a diameter of 3.15 inches. It is made from plastic and
it comes in the color black.This tube is built to handle pressure. It also
has an adjustable strap.

Square Document

It’s made from strong plastic. This particular tube is square-shaped

and is available in deep blue color. Its length can increase from 24.3

inches up to 40 inches. The lid on the tube contains a space where you

can store a card for easy identification. It also has a safety secured
lock that is easy to use.

Table 1. Related Products

Unique Light Hand Water Durable

weight Crafted Proof
Contrive
tube ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔
Dewel
expandable ✖ ✔ ✖ ✖ ✖
Square
document
✖ ✔ ✖ ✔ ✖

Synthesis

This eco-friendly innovated tube is more efficient than other

products and it’s unique from others, because it is hand made and it’s

made up of recyclable materials and its a environmentally friendly

tube.

As shown in table 1, eco-friendly innovated tube is more durable

and the shape of the tube is not only appealing, but it also serves a

purpose of preventing your documents from slipping/falling off when

you open the tube. In case you ever dropped your tube in water or it

suddenly starts pouring, your files will still stay dry. you can put your
pen outside in the little pocket on the tube and you can hang your

triangles in the bottom of it. This will make identifying the right tube

easy for you.

 Chapter 3
MATERIALS AND METHODS

This chapter presents the materials and the process of making the

tube and the procedure of bonding the interior rubber tires with

engineered PVC to make an eco-friendly drafting tube.

Materials

The following were the materials used for the making of eco-friendly

drafting tube:

A. Engineered PVC

1. PVC pipe

2. Vulcaseal

B. Drafting Tube

1. Engineered PVC

2. Inner rubber tube

3. Paint

4. Bulldog All-Purpose Superglue

C. Safety Precautionary Materials

1. Gloves

2. Mask
Process model
Figure 1. Shows The Process On How To Make The Eco-Friendly

Innovated Tube.

Preparing The Materials

Making of Eco-Friendly
Innovated Tube

Output

Figure 2. The Process Model Of Study

A. Preparing the Materials

Prepare a used PVC pipe, which we found on our classmate’s storage

room. Inner rubber tire, that donated by our classmate who owned a

motorcycle. Vulcaseal that being used. A scissor, thread, and needle

for making the pockets, hook, and the strap.

B. Making of Eco-Friendly Innovated Tube

From the used PVC that we found, we cut it into two different sizes.

One is for the body which length of 21 centimeter and the second is

for the cover which length of 6 centimeter. To fit the cover to the
body, we burned the cover on the exact attachment and fitness for the

body. Then, we put a vulcaseal for the bottom and top of the tube to

seal the holes that may the water enter. Lastly, we sew the strap,

pockets, and hook and then attach to the body of the tube as a final

attachment of our eco-friendly innovated tube.

C. Output

As the picture shown below. That is the final output of eco-friendly

innovated tube made-up of PVC and inner rubber tire. It has a triangle

holder, provided pocket for pencils and eraser, and a strap where you

can carry your tube in a less hassle way.

Requirement Analysis

DEWEL Expandable

The DEWEL storage tube is expandable in

ten different heights. It has a length that can go from 24 inches

minimum to 40 inches maximum with a diameter of 3.15 inches. It is

made from plastic and it comes in the color black.This tube is built to

handle pressure. It also has an adjustable strap.

Square Document

It’s made from

strong plastic. This particular tube is square-shaped and is available in

deep blue color. Its length can increase from 24.3 inches up to 40

inches. The lid on the tube contains a space where you can store a
card for easy identification. It also has a safety secured lock that is

easy to use.

Requirement Documentation

Procedure

c  Preparing of all materials

1
 Cutting of PVC for the body, a
whole size should be 24 cm.
2
 Covering the hole by putting the
cc
circles with adhesive.
3
 Sewing of rubber sling and
cc
pocket.
 4
 Putting bolts for holder and to
cc
tighten it for better use.
5
 Painting of tube.
cc

Manual

These are the procedures upon making the eco-friendly innovated

tube.

1. Gather all the materials needed

- Waste polyvinyl chloride (PVC)

- Tape measure for the sizing of the PVC

- Vulcaseal

- Bulldog All-Purpose Superglue

- Paint

-Saw

2. Sizing and cutting the PVC into two pieces

A. Sizing the polyvinyl chloride B. Cutting the polyvinyl chloride

Image 1. Sizing and cutting PVC

3. Prepare a candle and a lighter for fitting the polyvinyl chloride.

Wear a gloves for safety purposes.

A. Adjusting for the cover B. Fitting the cover

Image 2. Fitting the engineered PVC tube

4. Cover and seal the hole for enclosing the both openings of the

cutting PVC.

Image 3. Sealing the hole

5. Prepare the inner tube tire for cutting the cover for the body and

sewing for the straps, holder, and the pocket.

 A. Sewing the strap B. Sewing the holder C. Sewing the pockets

Image 4. Cutting and sewing the sling, holder, and the pocket.

6. Put a screw both sides to make it more intact.

Image 5. Putting the bolt to the holder.

7. Paint the tube black.

Image 6. Painting the tube