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732 CHAPTER 72 Probability

Money from a Hat In Exercises 25-28, assume that a hat

contains four bills: a $1 bill, a $5 bill, a $10 bill, and a $20
bill. Two bills are to be selected at random with replacement.
Construct a sample space as was done in Example 2 and
yellow.
determine the probability that
Select a Number In Exercises 11-16, consider the follow- 25. both bills are $1 bills.

R 6 R Y 6 26. both bills are $1 bills if the first selected is a $1 bill.

27. both bills are $5 bills if at least one of the bills is a $5 bill.
28. both bills have a value greater than a $5 bill if the second
Assume that one number from 1 to? is equally likely to be bill is a $10 bill.
selected at random. Each number corresponds to one of the
seven figures shown. Determine the probability of selecting
11. a triangle, given that an even number is selected.
12. a triangle, given that a number greater than or equal to 5 is
selected.

13. a red figure, given that an even number is selected.

14. a red or a blue figure, given that an even number is se-
lected.
15. a circle or square, given that a number less than 4 is selected. Two Dice In Exercises 29-34, two dice are rolled one af-
ter the other. Construct a sample space and determine the
16. a triangle, given that an odd number is selected. probability that the sum of the dots on the dice total
Spin the Wheel In Exercises 17—24, consider the following 29.1.
wheel.
30. 7 if the first die is a 1.
31. 7 if the first die is a 3
32. an eyen number if the second die is a 2
33. a number greater than 7 if the second die is a 5.
34. a7 or 11 if the first die is a 5

Problem Solving
P Costliest Hurricanes In Exercises 35—40, use the follow-
If the wheel is spun and each section is equally likely to ing information concerning the nine costliest hurricanes to
stop under the pointer, determine the probability that the strike the U.S. mainland as of January I, 2010.
pointer lands on
: -i
17. a two, given that the color is purple. Damage (billions i
Hurricane Category of dollars)
18. an odd number, given that the color is red. Katrina (2005) 3 81.0 i
Andrew (1992) 5 35.0
19. purple, given that the number is odd. Wilma (2005) 3 20.6
20. a number greater than 6, given that the color is red Dee (2008) 2 18.0
Charley (2004) 4 14.0 i
21. a number greater than 4, given that the color is purple. Ivan (2004) 3 13.0 |
Rita (2005) 3 10.0
22. an even number,-given that the color is red or purple.
Hugo (1989) 4 9.7
23. gold, given that the number is greater than 5. Frances (2004) 2 8.9

24. gold, given that the number is greater than 10. Source: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
 12.7 Conditional Probability 733

If one hurricane from the list is selected at random, deter- Safes Effectiveness In Exercises 47—52, use the following
mine the probability that it information. Sales representatives at a car dealership were
split into two groups. One group used an aggressive approach
35. was a category 4. to sell a customer a new automobile. The other group used a
36. had damages of at least $16 billion. passive approach. The following table summarizes the records
for 650 customers.
37. had damages of at least $20 billion, given that it was a
category 3. Approach Sale No Sale Total
38. had damages of at least $15 billion, given that it was a Aggressive 100 250 350
category 2. Passive 220 80 300
39. was a category 5, given that it had damages of at least Total 320 330 i 650
$25billioa
40. was a category 3, given that it had damages of at least If one of these customers is selected at random, determine
$10 billion. the probability

47. that the aggressive approach was used.

E-ZPass In Exercises 41-46, use the following table,
which shows the number of cars and trucks that used the 48. of a sale.
Pennsylvania Turnpike on a particular day. The number of
cars and trucks that used, and did not use, the E-Z Pass on 49. of no sale, given that the passive approach was used.
that same day was also recorded. 50. of a sale, given that the aggressive approach was used.
51. of a sale, given that the passive approach was used.
E-Z Pass Cars Trucks ' | Total
Used 527 316 [ 843 52. of no sale, given that the aggressive approach was used.
Did not use 935 683 ! 1618
New Residence For Exercises 53-58, use the following
Total 1462 999 ] 2461
information, which shows the educational attainment and
the location of their new residence for people who moved in
If one of these vehicles is selected at random, determine the 2008. The data are rounded to the nearest thousand people.
probability (as a decimal number rounded to four decimal
j Location of II
places) that the 1 New Residence
Different
41. vehicle was a car.: County,
Educational Same Same Different
42. vehicle used the E-Z Pass. Attainment County State State Abroad Total

43. vehicle used the E-Z Pass, given that the vehicle was a car. Not a high 2247 470 254 98 3069
school graduate
44. vehicle used the E-Z Pass, given that the vehicle was a High school 3842 1074 712 145 5773
truck. graduate
Some college 3319 1020 707 112 5158
45. vehicle was a car, given that the vehicle used the E-Z Pass.
Bachelor's . 2072 760 667 182 3681
46. vehicle was a truck, given that the vehicle used the E-Z Pass. degree
Graduate degree 913 383 461 118 1875
Total 12,393 3707 2801 655 19,556

Source: U.S. Census Bureau

If one of these individuals is selected at random, determine

the probability (as a decimal number rounded to four
decimal places) that the individual
53. moved within the same county. --• • . ^. .-, ,,,, ...
54. moved within the same county, given the individual has a
A A sign.on the Pennsylvania turnpike. bachelor's degree.
734 CHAPTER 12 Probability

55. moved to a different state, given the individual has a grad- 67. ABC or NBC, given that the individual is a man.
uate degree..
68. a station other than CBS, given that the individual is a
56. has a graduate degree, given the individual moved abroad. woman.
57. is a high school graduate, given the individual moved 69. a station other than ABC, NBC, or CBS, given that the
within the same state but different county. individual is a man.
58. moved to a different state or abroad, given the individual 70. NBC or CBS, given that the individual is a woman.
has a bachelor's degree. '

Quality Control In Exercises 59-64, Sally Horse/all,

a quality control inspector, is checking a sample of
lightbulbs for defects. The following table summarizes
herfindings.

Wattage Good Defective Total |

20 80 15 95 "|
50 100 5 105 !
100 120 10 ,30 |
Total 300 30 330 | &. Diane Sawyer, ABC Evening News

/ities
If one of these lightbulbs is selected at random, determine inform ztioty in
the probability that the lightbulb is Exercises 71-74*Mutual \ < m hold many s ock
1 'ach stoc '<. may bi \aluesiock, a~t
59. good.
& tock, or t: blend (ft ck me y also tie cateko-
60. good, given that it is 50 watts. j Ized by h 7w hugpthe coi ipany if. be classified <
a large dium kompany or smalt
61. defective, given that it is 20 watts. donmOny kock./A selected\numal fund contains289~stocks
62. good, given that it is 100 watts. as illustrafs^jh the following chart.

63. good, given that it is 50 or 100 watts. Value Blend Growth

64. defective, given that it is not 50 watts.

News Survey In Exercises 65-70, 270 individuals are

asked which evening news they watch most often. The
results are summarized as follows.

\s ! ABC NBC CBS Other i Total

! Men j 30 20 40 145 Equity Investment Style
!
Women j 50 10 20 55 |i 125
45
j Total j 80 30 60 100 ; 270

If one of these individuals is selected at random, determine

the probability that the person watches
65. ABC or NBC.

66. ABC, given that the individual is a woman. ^**^ \ ^^

large^cpmpany stock, given that it is a blend