cheat-sheets/EL7.md at master · bertvv/cheat-sheets · GitHub https://github.com/bertvv/cheat-sheets/blob/master/src/EL7.

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Enterprise Linux 7 (RedHat, CentOS) 

Last Modified: 2015-01-20 16:12:38

Command cheat sheet for EL7. For every action, I try to give the 'canonical' command, as recommended by RedHat.
That means using systemd , NetworkManager, journald , etc.

Network configuration

Action Command

List interfaces (and IP addresses) ip0address , ip0a

Route table ip0route , ip0r

DNS servers cat0/etc/resolv.conf

Set IP address of an interface* ip0address0add0192.168.56.1/240dev0vboxnet0

(*) This example is actually a workaround for a bug that causes NetworkManager 0.9.9 to manage virtual network
interfaces.

NetworkManager

Action Command

Show available network connection profiles nmcli0connection0show

Show active network connection profiles nmcli0connection0show0active

Show network device status nmcli0device0status

Connect to profile CONNECTION nmcli0connection0up0id0CONNECTION

Disconnect profile CONNECTION nmcli0connection0down0id0CONNECTION

Query Wifi status nmcli0radio0wifi

Turn Wifi on/off nmcli0radio0wifi0{on,off}

List available wireless networks nmcli0device0wifi0list

Refresh list of wireless networks nmcli0device0wifi0rescan

Connect to wireless network SSID nmcli0device0wifi0connect0SSID

connection and device can be abbreviated to con and dev , respectively.

Host name

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There are three kinds of host names:

Static: "traditional" host name, stored in /etc/hostname

Transient: dynamic, set in kernel. Default value is the static host name, can be set by e.g. DHCP or mDNS.
Pretty: free form, for presentation to the user. Default value is the static host name.

Action Command

Get hosti names hostnamectl

Set (all) host names hostnamectl0setMhostname0HOSTNAME

Set specific host name hostnamectl0setMhostname0MMstatic0HOSTNAME

hostnamectl0setMhostname0MMtransient0HOSTNAME

hostnamectl0setMhostname0MMpretty0HOSTNAME

Resources
RedHat Enterprise Linux 7 Networking Guide
Fedora Wiki: Networking/CLI
RHEL 7: How to get started with Systemd, at certdepot.net

Managing services with systemctl

Action Command

List services systemctl0listMunits0MMtype0service

Query SERVICE status sudo0systemctl0status0SERVICE.service

List failed services on boot sudo0systemctl0MMfailed

Start SERVICE sudo0systemctl0start0SERVICE.service

Stop SERVICE sudo0systemctl0stop0SERVICE.service

Restart SERVICE sudo0systemctl0restart0SERVICE.service

Kill SERVICE (all processes) with SIGTERM sudo0systemctl0kill0SERVICE.service

Kill SERVICE (all processes) with SIGKILL sudo0systemctl0kill0Ms0SIGKILL0SERVICE.service

Start SERVICE on boot sudo0systemctl0enable0SERVICE.service

Don't start SERVICE on boot sudo0systemctl0disable0SERVICE.service

Runlevels
Run with root privileges ( sudo )

Action Command

Go to single user mode systemctl0rescue

Go to multi-user mode systemctl0isolate0multiMuser.target

(= old runlevel 3) systemctl0isolate0runlevel3.target

Go to graphical level systemctl0isolate0graphical.target

Get default runlevel systemctl0getMdefault

Set default runlevel systemctl0setMdefault0graphical.target

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Action Command

Shutdown systemctl0poweroff

Reboot, suspend, hibernate systemctl0STATE

Resources
RedhHat 7 System Administrator's Guide
Systemd for Administrators, Part IV: Killing Services

Perusing system logs with journalctl

Viewing logs requires root privileges. However, users that are members of the adm group get access as well. So, add
your user to the adm group to make viewing logs easier.

Action Command

Show log since last boot journalctl0Mb

Kernel messages (like dmesg ) journalctl0Mk

Show latest log and wait for changes journalctl0Mf

Reverse output (newest first) journalctl0Mr

Show only errors and worse journalctl0Mb0Mp0err

Filter on time (example) journalctl0MMsince=2014M06M000MMuntil="2014M06M07012:00:00"

Since yesterday journalctl0MMsince=yesterday

Show only log of SERVICE journalctl0Mu0SERVICE

Match executable, e.g. dhclient journalctl0/usr/sbin/dhclient

Match device node, e.g. /dev/sda journalctl0/dev/sda

Resources
Systemd for Administrators, Part XVII: Using the journal

Configuring the firewall with firewalld

The firewalldMcmd should run with root privileges, do always use sudo .

Action Command

Firewall state firewallMcmd0MMstate

Reload permanent rules firewallMcmd0MMreload

Currently enabled features firewallMcmd0MMlistMallMzones

List supported zones firewallMcmd0MMgetMzones

List preconfigured services firewallMcmd0MMgetMservices

Enabled features in current zone firewallMcmd0MMlistMall

Enabled features in zone firewallMcmd0[MMpermanent]0[MMzone=ZONE]0MMlistMall

Enable a service in zone firewallMcmd0[MMpermanent]0[MMzone=ZONE]0MMaddMservice=http

Remove service frome zone firewallMcmd0[MMpermanent]0[MMzone=ZONE]0MMremoveMservice=http

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Action Command

Enable a port in zone firewallMcmd0[MMpermanent]0[MMzone=ZONE]0MMaddMport=80/tcp

Remove a port from zone firewallMcmd0[MMpermanent]0[MMzone=ZONE]0MMremoveMport=80/tcp

Turn panic mode on firewallMcmd0MMpanicMon

Turn panic mode off firewallMcmd0MMpanicMoff

Configuration is stored in /etc/firewalld and /usr/lib/firewalld

The default zone is public , which you don't have to specify on the command line when adding/removing rules
Adding permanent rules

Resources
Using Firewalls, in RHEL 7 Security Guide
FirewallD, in Fedora Project Wiki

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