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PHP Form Handling

The document discusses PHP form handling and validation. It provides examples of how to: 1. Collect form data using the $_GET and $_POST superglobals 2. Display a simple HTML form with input fields 3. Process submitted form data in PHP using $_GET and $_POST 4. Validate form data by sanitizing input, stripping slashes and special characters 5. Make certain fields required and check for empty values 6. Add error messages for invalid or empty fields

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Deekshitha
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© © All Rights Reserved
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738 views

PHP Form Handling

The document discusses PHP form handling and validation. It provides examples of how to: 1. Collect form data using the $_GET and $_POST superglobals 2. Display a simple HTML form with input fields 3. Process submitted form data in PHP using $_GET and $_POST 4. Validate form data by sanitizing input, stripping slashes and special characters 5. Make certain fields required and check for empty values 6. Add error messages for invalid or empty fields

Uploaded by

Deekshitha
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PHP Form Handling

The PHP superglobals $_GET and $_POST are used to collect form-data.

PHP - A Simple HTML Form


The example below displays a simple HTML form with two input fields and a submit button:

Example
<html>
<body>

<form action="welcome.php" method="post">


Name: <input type="text" name="name"><br>
E-mail: <input type="text" name="email"><br>
<input type="submit">
</form>

</body>
</html>

 When the user fills out the form above and clicks the submit button, the form data is sent
for processing to a PHP file named "welcome.php".
 The form data is sent with the HTTP POST method.

To display the submitted data you could simply echo all the variables. The "welcome.php" looks
like this:

<html>
<body>

Welcome <?php echo $_POST["name"]; ?><br>


Your email address is: <?php echo $_POST["email"]; ?>

</body>
</html>

The output could be something like this:

Welcome John
Your email address is [email protected]
The same result could also be achieved using the HTTP GET method:

Example
<html>
<body>

<form action="welcome_get.php" method="get">


Name: <input type="text" name="name"><br>
E-mail: <input type="text" name="email"><br>
<input type="submit">
</form>

</body>
</html>

and "welcome_get.php" looks like this:

<html>
<body>

Welcome <?php echo $_GET["name"]; ?><br>


Your email address is: <?php echo $_GET["email"]; ?>

</body>
</html>

The code above is quite simple. However, the most important thing is missing. You need to
validate form data to protect your script from malicious code.
GET vs. POST
 Both GET and POST create an array (e.g. array( key => value, key2 => value2, key3 =>
value3, ...)).
 This array holds key/value pairs, where keys are the names of the form controls and
values are the input data from the user.
 Both GET and POST are treated as $_GET and $_POST. These are superglobals, which
means that they are always accessible, regardless of scope - and you can access them
from any function, class or file without having to do anything special.
 $_GET is an array of variables passed to the current script via the URL parameters.
 $_POST is an array of variables passed to the current script via the HTTP POST method.

When to use GET?


Information sent from a form with the GET method is visible to everyone (all variable names
and values are displayed in the URL). GET also has limits on the amount of information to send.
The limitation is about 2000 characters. However, because the variables are displayed in the
URL, it is possible to bookmark the page. This can be useful in some cases.

GET may be used for sending non-sensitive data.

Note: GET should NEVER be used for sending passwords or other sensitive information!

When to use POST?


Information sent from a form with the POST method is invisible to others (all names/values are
embedded within the body of the HTTP request) and has no limits on the amount of information
to send.

Moreover POST supports advanced functionality such as support for multi-part binary input
while uploading files to server.
PHP Form Validation
The HTML form will, contain various input fields: required and optional text
fields, radio buttons, and a submit button:

The validation rules for the form above are as follows:

Field Validation Rules


Name Required. + Must only contain letters and whitespace
E-mail Required. + Must contain a valid email address (with @ and .)
Website Optional. If present, it must contain a valid URL
Comment Optional. Multi-line input field (textarea)
Gender Required. Must select one

First we will look at the plain HTML code for the form:

Text Fields
The name, email, and website fields are text input elements, and the comment field is a textarea.
The HTML code looks like this:

Name: <input type="text" name="name">


E-mail: <input type="text" name="email">
Website: <input type="text" name="website">
Comment: <textarea name="comment" rows="5" cols="40"></textarea>

Radio Buttons
The gender fields are radio buttons and the HTML code looks like this:

Gender:
<input type="radio" name="gender" value="female">Female
<input type="radio" name="gender" value="male">Male

The Form Element


The HTML code of the form looks like this:

<form method="post" action="<?php echo htmlspecialchars($_SERVER["PHP_SELF"]);?>">

When the form is submitted, the form data is sent with method="post".

What is the $_SERVER["PHP_SELF"] variable?

The $_SERVER["PHP_SELF"] is a super global variable that returns the filename of the
currently executing script.

So, the $_SERVER["PHP_SELF"] sends the submitted form data to the page itself, instead of
jumping to a different page. This way, the user will get error messages on the same page as the
form.

What is the htmlspecialchars() function?

The htmlspecialchars() function converts special characters to HTML entities. This means
that it will replace HTML characters like < and > with &lt; and &gt;. This prevents attackers
from exploiting the code by injecting HTML or Javascript code (Cross-site Scripting
attacks) in forms.
Validate Form Data With PHP
The first thing we will do is to pass all variables through PHP's htmlspecialchars() function.

When we use the htmlspecialchars() function; then if a user tries to submit the following in a text
field:

<script>location.href('http://www.hacked.com')</script>

- this would not be executed, because it would be saved as HTML escaped code, like this:

&lt;script&gt;location.href('http://www.hacked.com')&lt;/script&gt;

The code is now safe to be displayed on a page or inside an e-mail.

We will also do two more things when the user submits the form:

1. Strip unnecessary characters (extra space, tab, newline) from the user input data (with the
PHP trim() function)
2. Remove backslashes (\) from the user input data (with the PHP stripslashes() function)

The next step is to create a function that will do all the checking for us (which is much more
convenient than writing the same code over and over again).

We will name the function test_input().

Now, we can check each $_POST variable with the test_input() function, and the script look like
this:

Example
<html>
<head>
</head>
<body>
<?php
// define variables and set to empty values
$name = $email = $gender = $comment = $website = "";

if ($_SERVER["REQUEST_METHOD"] == "POST") {
   $name = test_input($_POST["name"]);
   $email = test_input($_POST["email"]);
   $website = test_input($_POST["website"]);
   $comment = test_input($_POST["comment"]);
   $gender = test_input($_POST["gender"]);
}
function test_input($data) {
   $data = trim($data);
   $data = stripslashes($data);
   $data = htmlspecialchars($data);
   return $data;
}
?>

<h2>PHP Form Validation Example</h2>


<form method="post" action="<?php echo htmlspecialchars($_SERVER["PHP_SELF"]);?>">

   Name: <input type="text" name="name">


   <br><br>
   E-mail: <input type="text" name="email">
   <br><br>
   Website: <input type="text" name="website">
   <br><br>
   Comment: <textarea name="comment" rows="5" cols="40"></textarea>
   <br><br>
   Gender:
   <input type="radio" name="gender" value="female">Female
   <input type="radio" name="gender" value="male">Male
   <br><br>
   <input type="submit" name="submit" value="Submit">
</form>
<?php
echo "<h2>Your Input:</h2>";
echo $name;
echo "<br>";
echo $email;
echo "<br>";
echo $website;
echo "<br>";
echo $comment;
echo "<br>";
echo $gender;
?>
</body>
</html>

Notice that at the start of the script, we check whether the form has been submitted using
$_SERVER["REQUEST_METHOD"]. If the REQUEST_METHOD is POST, then the form has
been submitted - and it should be validated. If it has not been submitted, skip the validation and
display a blank form.

However, in the example above, all input fields are optional. The script works fine even if the
user do not enter any data.The next step is to make input fields required and create error
messages if needed.
PHP Forms - Required Fields
From the validation rules table on the previous page, we see that the "Name", "E-mail", and
"Gender" fields are required. These fields cannot be empty and must be filled out in the HTML
form.

Field Validation Rules

Name Required. + Must only contain letters and whitespace

E-mail Required. + Must contain a valid email address (with @ and .)

Website Optional. If present, it must contain a valid URL

Comment Optional. Multi-line input field (textarea)

Gender Required. Must select one

In the previous example, all input fields were optional.

In the following code we have added some new variables: $nameErr, $emailErr, $genderErr, and
$websiteErr. These error variables will hold error messages for the required fields. We have also
added an if else statement for each $_POST variable. This checks if the $_POST variable is
empty (with the PHP empty() function). If it is empty, an error message is stored in the different
error variables, and if it is not empty, it sends the user input data through the test_input()
function:

<html>
<head>
<style>
.error {color: #FF0000;}
</style>
</head>
<body>

<?php
// define variables and set to empty values
$nameErr = $emailErr = $genderErr = $websiteErr = "";
$name = $email = $gender = $comment = $website = "";

if ($_SERVER["REQUEST_METHOD"] == "POST") {
   if (empty($_POST["name"])) {
     $nameErr = "Name is required";
   } else {
     $name = test_input($_POST["name"]);
   }
  
   if (empty($_POST["email"])) {
     $emailErr = "Email is required";
   } else {
     $email = test_input($_POST["email"]);
   }
    
   if (empty($_POST["website"])) {
     $website = "";
   } else {
     $website = test_input($_POST["website"]);
   }

   if (empty($_POST["comment"])) {
     $comment = "";
   } else {
     $comment = test_input($_POST["comment"]);
   }

   if (empty($_POST["gender"])) {
     $genderErr = "Gender is required";
   } else {
     $gender = test_input($_POST["gender"]);
   }
}

function test_input($data) {
   $data = trim($data);
   $data = stripslashes($data);
   $data = htmlspecialchars($data);
   return $data;
}
?>

<h2>PHP Form Validation Example</h2>


<p><span class="error">* required field.</span></p>
<form method="post" action="<?php echo htmlspecialchars($_SERVER["PHP_SELF"]);?>">

   Name: <input type="text" name="name">


   <span class="error">* <?php echo $nameErr;?></span>
   <br><br>
   E-mail: <input type="text" name="email">
   <span class="error">* <?php echo $emailErr;?></span>
   <br><br>
   Website: <input type="text" name="website">
   <span class="error"><?php echo $websiteErr;?></span>
   <br><br>
   Comment: <textarea name="comment" rows="5" cols="40"></textarea>
   <br><br>
   Gender:
   <input type="radio" name="gender" value="female">Female
   <input type="radio" name="gender" value="male">Male
   <span class="error">* <?php echo $genderErr;?></span>
   <br><br>
   <input type="submit" name="submit" value="Submit">
</form>

<?php
echo "<h2>Your Input:</h2>";
echo $name;
echo "<br>";
echo $email;
echo "<br>";
echo $website;
echo "<br>";
echo $comment;
echo "<br>";
echo $gender;
?>

</body>
</html>
PHP Forms - Validate E-mail and URL
The code below shows a simple way to check if the name field only contains letters and
whitespace. If the value of the name field is not valid, then store an error message:

$name = test_input($_POST["name"]);
if (!preg_match("/^[a-zA-Z ]*$/",$name)) {
  $nameErr = "Only letters and white space allowed";
}

The preg_match() function searches a string for pattern, returning true if the pattern
exists, and false otherwise.

PHP - Validate E-mail


The easiest and safest way to check whether an email address is well-formed is to use PHP's
filter_var() function.

In the code below, if the e-mail address is not well-formed, then store an error message:

$email = test_input($_POST["email"]);
if (!filter_var($email, FILTER_VALIDATE_EMAIL)) {
  $emailErr = "Invalid email format";
}

PHP - Validate URL


The code below shows a way to check if a URL address syntax is valid (this regular expression
also allows dashes in the URL). If the URL address syntax is not valid, then store an error
message:

$website = test_input($_POST["website"]);
if (!preg_match("/\b(?:(?:https?|ftp):\/\/|www\.)[-a-z0-9+&@#\/%?=~_|!:,.;]*[-a-z0-9+&@#\/
%=~_|]/i",$website)) {
  $websiteErr = "Invalid URL";
}

PHP - Validate Name, E-mail, and URL


Now, the script looks like this:

Example

<html>
<head>
<style>
.error {color: #FF0000;}
</style>
</head>
<body>

<?php
// define variables and set to empty values
$nameErr = $emailErr = $genderErr = $websiteErr = "";
$name = $email = $gender = $comment = $website = "";

if ($_SERVER["REQUEST_METHOD"] == "POST") {
   if (empty($_POST["name"])) {
     $nameErr = "Name is required";
   } else {
     $name = test_input($_POST["name"]);
     // check if name only contains letters and whitespace
     if (!preg_match("/^[a-zA-Z ]*$/",$name)) {
       $nameErr = "Only letters and white space allowed";
     }
   }
  
   if (empty($_POST["email"])) {
     $emailErr = "Email is required";
   } else {
     $email = test_input($_POST["email"]);
     // check if e-mail address is well-formed
     if (!filter_var($email, FILTER_VALIDATE_EMAIL)) {
       $emailErr = "Invalid email format";
     }
   }
    
   if (empty($_POST["website"])) {
     $website = "";
   } else {
     $website = test_input($_POST["website"]);
     // check if URL address syntax is valid (this regular expression also allows dashes in the
URL)
     if (!preg_match("/\b(?:(?:https?|ftp):\/\/|www\.)[-a-z0-9+&@#\/%?=~_|!:,.;]*[-a-z0-
9+&@#\/%=~_|]/i",$website)) {
       $websiteErr = "Invalid URL";
     }
   }
   if (empty($_POST["comment"])) {
     $comment = "";
   } else {
     $comment = test_input($_POST["comment"]);
   }

   if (empty($_POST["gender"])) {
     $genderErr = "Gender is required";
   } else {
     $gender = test_input($_POST["gender"]);
   }
}

function test_input($data) {
   $data = trim($data);
   $data = stripslashes($data);
   $data = htmlspecialchars($data);
   return $data;
}
?>

<h2>PHP Form Validation Example</h2>


<p><span class="error">* required field.</span></p>
<form method="post" action="<?php echo htmlspecialchars($_SERVER["PHP_SELF"]);?>">

   Name: <input type="text" name="name">


   <span class="error">* <?php echo $nameErr;?></span>
   <br><br>
   E-mail: <input type="text" name="email">
   <span class="error">* <?php echo $emailErr;?></span>
   <br><br>
   Website: <input type="text" name="website">
   <span class="error"><?php echo $websiteErr;?></span>
   <br><br>
   Comment: <textarea name="comment" rows="5" cols="40"></textarea>
   <br><br>
   Gender:
   <input type="radio" name="gender" value="female">Female
   <input type="radio" name="gender" value="male">Male
   <span class="error">* <?php echo $genderErr;?></span>
   <br><br>
   <input type="submit" name="submit" value="Submit">
</form>

<?php
echo "<h2>Your Input:</h2>";
echo $name;
echo "<br>";
echo $email;
echo "<br>";
echo $website;
echo "<br>";
echo $comment;
echo "<br>";
echo $gender;
?>

</body>
</html>

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