Turk J Math

() : –
c TÜBİTAK
doi:10.3906/mat-

1 Conceptions on topological transitivity in products and symmetric products

2 Anahi ROJAS1∗, Franco BARRAGAN2 , Sergio MACÍAS3

1
Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Technological University of the Mixteca, Oaxaca, Mexico
ORCID iD: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5162-5663
2
Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Technological University of the Mixteca, Oaxaca, Mexico
ORCID iD: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7235-1278
3
Institute of Mathematics, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico

Received: .201 • Accepted/Published Online: .201 • Final Version: ..201

3

4 Abstract: Having a finite number of topological spaces Xi and functions fi : Xi → Xi , and considering one of the
5 following classes of functions: exact, transitive, strongly transitive, totally transitive, orbit-transitive, strictly orbit-
6 transitive, ω -transitive, mixing, weakly mixing, mild mixing, chaotic, exactly Devaney chaotic, minimal, backward
7 minimal, totally minimal, T T++ , scattering, Touhey or an F -system, in this paper, we study dynamical behaviors of
Q Q Q Q
8 the systems (Xi , fi ) , ( Xi , fi ) , (Fn ( Xi ), Fn ( fi )) and (Fn (Xi ), Fn (fi )) .

9 Key words: Topological transitivity, Symmetric products, Dynamical systems

10 1. Introduction
11 Given a topological space X and a positive integer n , we consider the n -fold symmetric product of X , Fn (X) ,
12 consisting of all nonempty subsets of X with at most n points [7]. A function f : X → X induces a map
13 on Fn (X) denoted by Fn (f ) : Fn (X) → Fn (X) and defined by Fn (f )(A) = f (A) , for each A ∈ Fn (X) [3].
14 Thereby, the discrete dynamical system (X, f ) induces the discrete dynamical system (Fn (X), Fn (f )) .
15 Let X1 , . . . , Xm be topological spaces, with m ≥ 2 and for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m} let fi : Xi → Xi be a func-
Qm Qm Qm Qm
16 tion. We define the function i=1 fi : i=1 Xi → i=1 Xi by i=1 fi ((x1 , . . . , xm )) = (f1 (x1 ), . . . , fm (xm )) ,
Qm
17 for each (x1 , . . . , xm ) ∈ i=1 Xi . This function is called product function. In this way, we can analyze the rela-
Qm Qm
18 tionships between the dynamical of the systems (1) (Fn ( i=1 Xi ), Fn ( i=1 fi )) ; (2) (Fn (Xi ), Fn (fi )) , for each
Qm Qm
19 i ∈ {1, . . . , m}; (3) ( i=1 Xi , i=1 fi ) and (4) (Xi , fi ) , for each i ∈ {1, . . . , , m} . In [11] (2008), B. Hou, G.
20 Liao and H. Liu, considered two compact metric spaces without isolated points X and Y , and two continuous
21 functions f : X → X and g : Y → Y , and they showed the following result: if f and g are sensitive functions,
22 then the function 2f ×g : 2X×Y → 2X×Y is sensitive. Later, in [8] (2010), N. Degirmenci and S. Kocak, consider
23 two metric spaces, X and Y , and two functions f : X → X and g : Y → Y (not necessarily continuous) and
24 they analyzed the relationship between f , g and f × g when any of them is a chaotic function. In particular,
25 they proved the following result: if f is continuous and chaotic, and g is chaotic and mixing (not necessarily
26 continuous), then f × g is chaotic. Later, in [21] (2012), X. Wu and P. Zhu proved that for each integer m ≥ 2 ,
∗Correspondence:
[email protected]
2010 AMS Mathematics Subject Classification: 54B20, 54H20, 37B45, 54F15

1
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
 ROJAS, BARRAGAN and MACÍAS/Turk J Math

Qm
1 if fi is chaotic in the sense of Devaney, then for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , fi is also chaotic in the sense of
i=1
Qm
2 Devaney. Also, they proved that: if i=1 fi is transitive, then, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , fi is transitive. The
3 converse problem is not true in general. In [21], Wu and Zhu considered metric spaces without isolated points
4 and continuous functions. Also, in [13] (2013), R. Li and X. Zhou analyzed the relationships between f , g
5 and f × g when any of these are: topologically transitive, topologically weakly mixing, syndetically transitive,
6 cofinitely sensitive, multi-sensitive and ergodically sensitive, always considering metric spaces and functions not
7 necessarily continuous. In [20] (2015), X. Wu, J. Wang and G. Chen studied the F -sensitivity and the multi-
8 sensitivity of the dynamical system (2X×Y , 2f ×g ) , when X and Y are both compact metric spaces. Recently,
Qm Qm
9 in [6] (2017), K. B. Mangang studied the Li-Yorke chaos of the product dynamical system ( i=1 Xi , i=1 fi )
10 when each dynamical system (Xi , fi ) has the property. In particular, he proved that: (X, f ) and (Y, g) are
11 two exact dynamical systems if and only if the product dynamical system (X × Y, f × g) is exact. In this last
12 paper, X and Y are compact metric spaces and f and g are continuous functions; In order to make a contri-
13 bution to this line of investigation, let M be one of the following classes of functions: exact, mixing, transitive,
14 weakly mixing, totally transitive, strongly transitive, chaotic, minimal, orbit-transitive, strictly orbit-transitive,
15 ω -transitive, T T++ , mild mixing, exactly Devaney chaotic, backward minimal, totally minimal, scattering,
16 Touhey or an F -system, in this paper we study the relationships between the following four statements:

17 1. For each i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , fi ∈ M.

Qm
18 2. i=1 fi ∈ M.
Qm
19 3. Fn ( i=1 fi ) ∈ M.

20 4. For each i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , Fn (fi ) ∈ M.

21 It is important to emphasize that in the articles aforementioned, the authors work with compact metric
22 spaces or without isolated points metric spaces and continuous function. In this paper, we are going to answer
23 similar questions that we can find in [6, 8, 11, 13, 20, 21], considering topological spaces and functions not
24 necessarily continuous.

25 2. Definitions and notations

26 Throughout this paper, m is an integer greater than one. A set is said to be nondegenerate if it has more
27 than one point. A (discrete) dynamical system is a pair (X, f ) , where X is a nondegenerate topological
28 space and f : X → X is a function, X is called the phase space. Let X be a topological space and let
29 A be a subset of X , clX (A) denotes the closure of the set A in X . The symbols Z, Z+ and N denote
30 the set of integers, the set of nonnegative integers and the set of positive integers, respectively. Given a
31 finite collection of topological spaces X1 , . . . , Xm , the Cartesian product of these topological spaces is denoted
Qm
32 by i=1 Xi . This space is consider with the product topology [16, p. 86]. On the other hand, given a
33 finite collection of functions, f1 : X1 → X1 , . . . , fm : Xm → Xm (not necessarily continuous), we define the
Qm Qm Qm Qm
34 product function i=1 fi : i=1 Xi → i=1 Xi by i=1 fi ((x1 , . . . , xm )) = (f1 (x1 ), . . . , fm (xm )) , for each
Qm
35 (x1 , . . . , xm ) ∈ i=1 Xi . Particularly, if X is a topological space and f : X → X is a function, the Cartesian
36 product of X with itself m times is denoted by X m and the Cartesian product of f with itself m times is
37 denoted by f ×m .

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 ROJAS, BARRAGAN and MACÍAS/Turk J Math

1 Given a dynamical system (X, f ) , for each k ∈ N, the k th iteration of f is defined as repeated
2 composition of f with itself k times and is denoted by f k . This is, f k = f ◦ f k−1 , where f 1 = f and
3 f 0 = idX , the identity function on X . For a subset A of X and k ∈ Z, we denote by f k (A) the image of A
4 under f k , when k ≥ 0 , and the preimage under f |k| when k < 0 . If z ∈ X , f −k (z) denotes the set f −k ({z}) ,
5 for each k > 0 .
6 Let (X, f ) be a dynamical system and let x ∈ X . The orbit of x under f is the set O(x, f ) =
7 {f k (x) | k ∈ Z+ } . A point x of X is a transitive point of the function f if the set O(x, f ) is dense in X . The
8 set of transitive points of f is denoted by trans(f ) . The point x is a fixed point of f if f (x) = x . The point
9 x is a periodic point of f if there exists k ∈ N such that f k (x) = x . The set of periodic points of f is denoted
10 by P er(f ) . If k = min{l ∈ N | f l (x) = x} , we say that k is the period of x under f . A point y in X is an
11 ω -limit point of x under f if for any k ∈ N and for any open subset U of X such that y ∈ U , there exists
12 a positive integer l ≥ k such that f l (x) ∈ U . The set of ω -limit points of x under f , is denoted by ω(x, f )
13 and is called ω -limit set of x . Given a subset A of X , we say that A is + invariant under f if f (A) ⊆ A,
14 A is −invariant under f if f −1 (A) ⊆ A and A is invariant under f if f (A) = A . A topological space X is
15 +invariant over open subsets under f , if for each open subset U of X , U is + invariant under f . For subsets
16 A and B of X , it is defined the following subset of Z, nf (A, B) = {k ∈ Z+ | A ∩ f −k (B) 6= ∅} . A topological
17 space X is pseudo-regular if for any nonempty open subset U of X , there exists a nonempty open subset V
18 of X such that clX (V ) ⊆ U [15]. Let X be a topological space, let B be a subset of X and let b ∈ B . We
19 say that b is an isolated point of B if there exists an open subset U of X such that U ∩ B = {b}. Denote by
20 IP (B) the set of isolated points in B . A point x of X is a quasi-isolated point of X if there exists a dense
21 subset B of X such that x ∈ B and x is an isolated point of B [15]. A topological space is perfect if it does
22 not have isolated points. The following definitions can be found in [1, 8, 15].
23 Let X be a topological space and let f : X → X be a function. Then f is:

24 • Exact, if for each nonempty open subset U of X , there exists k ∈ N such that f k (U ) = X .

25 • Mixing, if for each pair of nonempty open subsets U and V of X , there exists N ∈ N such that f k (U )∩V 6= ∅ ,
26 for all k ≥ N .

27 • Transitive, if for every pair of nonempty open subsets U and V of X , there exists k ∈ N such that
28 f k (U ) ∩ V 6= ∅ (equivalently, for each pair of nonempty open subsets U and V of X , nf (U, V ) \ {0} =
6 ∅ ).

29 • Weakly mixing, if f ×2 is transitive.

30 • Totally transitive, if f s is transitive, for all s ∈ N.

Ss
31 • Strongly transitive, if for each nonempty open subset U of X , there exists s ∈ N such that X = k=0 f k (U ) .

32 • Chaotic, if it is transitive and P er(f ) is dense in X .

33 • Minimal, if for each nonempty closed subset A of X which is + invariant under f , we have A = X .

34 • Orbit-transitive, if there exists x ∈ X such that clX (O(x, f )) = X .

35 • Strictly orbit-transitive, if there exists a point x in X such that clX (O(f (x), f )) = X .

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 ROJAS, BARRAGAN and MACÍAS/Turk J Math

1 • ω -transitive, if there exists x ∈ X such that ω(x, f ) = X .

2 • T T++ , if for any pair of nonempty open subsets U and V of X , the set nf (U, V ) is infinite.

3 • Mild mixing, if for any transitive function, f1 : X1 → X1 , the function f × f1 is transitive.

4 • Exactly Devaney chaotic, if f is exact and P er(f ) is dense in X .

5 • Backward minimal, if the subset {y ∈ X : f n (y) = x, for some n ∈ N} is dense in X , for every x ∈ X .

6 • Totally minimal, if f s is minimal for all s ∈ N.

7 • Scattering, if for any minimal function, f1 : X1 → X1 , the function f × f1 is transitive.

8 • Touhey, if for every pair of nonempty open subsets U and V of X , there exist a periodic point x ∈ U and
9 k ∈ Z+ such that f k (x) ∈ V .

10 • An F -system, if f is totally transitive and P er(f ) is dense in X .

11 In the diagram of Figure, we put the inclusions between some of these classes of functions for the general
12 case, that is to say, when X is a topological space and f : X → X is a function. For the proofs of these
13 inclusions see, for instance, [1, 5, 15].

Surjective o Exact Mild mixing

& 
Mixing / Weakly mixing

x
F-system / T. transitive F. transitive

  |
Touhey / Chaotic / Transitive o ω-transitive
6 8 O


E. Devaney chaotic TT++ Scattering Strictly orbit-transitive


Orbit-transitive

Figure: Inclusions between some classes of functions.

14 When we add properties to the phase space or to the function in Figure, we obtain other relationships,
15 namely: Let X be a topological space and let f : X → X be a function. If X is a Hausdorff and compact
16 topological space, and f is a surjective continuous function, we have that: if f is scattering, then f is totally

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 ROJAS, BARRAGAN and MACÍAS/Turk J Math

1 transitive [2, Theorem 2.9]. Also, if f is a continuous function, it follows that: if f is chaotic, then f is Touhey
2 [18, Proposition 2.6].
3 Hyperspace theory started about 1900, with the work of F. Hausdorff [9] and L. Vietoris [19]. Nowadays
4 hyperspaces are widely studied, mainly in continuum theory, see [12, 14, 17].
5 Given a topological space (X, τ ) and a positive integer n , we define the n -fold symmetric product of X
6 by:
Fn (X) = {A ⊆ X | A 6= ∅ and A has at most n elements}.

7 This set, equipped with the Vietoris topology [17], is called a hyperspace. Next we describe this topology.
8 Let (X, τ ) be a topological space. Given a finite collection of nonempty subsets U1 , . . . , Uk of X , we
9 denote by hU1 , . . . , Uk i the subset of Fn (X) :
( k
)
[
A ∈ Fn (X) | A ⊆ Ui and A ∩ Ui 6= ∅, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , k} .
i=1

10 The family:
B = {hU1 , . . . , Uk i | Ui ∈ τ, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , k} and k ∈ N}

11 forms a basis for a topology on Fn (X) which is denoted by τV and called the Vietoris topology.

12 3. Preliminary results
13 Let X1 , . . . , Xm be topological spaces and, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m} let fi : Xi → Xi be a function. In this
Qm
14 section, we present some topological and dynamical properties of the space i=1 Xi . Also, we review the basic
Qm
15 results that we need to know about the function i=1 fi .

16 Remark 3.1 Let X1 , . . . , Xm be topological spaces, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m}, let Ui , Vi be nonempty subsets of
17 Xi , for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , let fi : Xi → Xi be a function and let k ∈ N . Then the following hold:
Qm Qm
18 1. ( i=1 fi )k = i=1 fik .
Qm Qm
19 2. [Fn ( i=1 fi )]k = Fn ( i=1 fik ) .
Qm Qm Qm
20 3. If ( i=1 fi )k ( i=1 Ui ) = i=1 Vi , then, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , fik (Ui ) = Vi .

21 Lemma 3.2 Let X1 , . . . , Xm be topological spaces, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m}, let Ui be a nonempty subset of
22 Xi , let xi ∈ Xi and let fi : Xi → Xi be a function. If for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m}, Xi is +invariant over
23 open subsets under fi and, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , there exists ki ∈ N such that fiki (xi ) ∈ Ui , then, for
24 k = max{k1 , . . . , km }, it follows that, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , fik (xi ) ∈ Ui .

25 Proof Suppose that, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m}, Xi is + invariant over open subsets under fi and that there
26 exists ki ∈ N such that fiki (xi ) ∈ Ui . Let k = max{k1 , . . . , km }. It follows that, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m},
27 there exists li ∈ Z+ such that k = ki + li . Thus, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , fik (xi ) = fiki +li (xi ) = fili (fiki (xi )) .
28 Consequently, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m}, fik (xi ) ∈ fili (Ui ) . By hypothesis, since, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , Ui is
29 + invariant under fi , we have that, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , fik (xi ) ∈ Ui . 2

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 ROJAS, BARRAGAN and MACÍAS/Turk J Math

1 Theorem 3.3 Let X1 , . . . , Xm be topological spaces, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , let fi : Xi → Xi be a function,
Qm
2 and let (x1 , . . . , xm ) ∈ i=1 Xi . Then the following hold:
Qm
3 1. If (x1 , . . . , xm ) is a transitive point of i=1 fi , then, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , xi is a transitive point of
4 fi .
Qm Qm
5 2. If ω((x1 , . . . , xm ), i=1 fi ) = i=1 Xi , then, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , ω(xi , fi ) = Xi .

6 3. For each i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , xi is an isolated point in Xi if and only if (x1 , . . . , xm ) is an isolated point in
Qm
7
i=1 Xi .

8 4. For each i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , xi is a periodic point of fi if and only if (x1 , . . . , xm ) is a periodic point of
Qm
9
i=1 fi .

Qm Qm
10 Proof Suppose that clQm
i=1 Xi
(O((x1 , . . . , xm ), i=1 fi )) = i=1 Xi . Let i0 ∈ {1, . . . , m} and let Ui0 be
11 a nonempty open subset of Xi0 . For each i ∈ {1, . . . , m}\{i0 } , let Vi = Xi and Vi0 = Ui0 . It follows
Qm Qm Qm Qm
12 that, i=1 Vi is a nonempty open subset of i=1 Xi . By hypothesis, O((x1 , . . . , xm ), i=1 fi ) ∩ ( i=1 Vi ) 6=
Qm Qm
13 ∅ . Then, there exists k ∈ N such that ( i=1 fi )k ((x1 , . . . , xm )) ∈ i=1 Vi . By Remark 3.1, part (1),
Qm k k k k
14 ( i=1 fi ) ((x1 , . . . , xm )) = (f1 (x1 ), . . . , fm (xm )) , fi0 (xi0 ) ∈ Ui0 . Therefore, Ui0 ∩ O(xi0 , fi0 ) 6= ∅ and
15 clXi0 (O(xi0 , fi0 )) = Xi0 .
Qm Qm
16 Suppose that ω((x1 , . . . , xm ), i=1 fi ) = i=1 Xi . Let i0 ∈ {1, . . . , m} , let yi0 ∈ Xi0 , let k ∈ N , let
17 Ui0 be an open subset of Xi0 such that yi0 ∈ Ui0 and, for each j ∈ {1, . . . , m}\{i0 } , let yj ∈ Xj . Also,
Qm
18 for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m}\{i0 } , we put Vi = Xi and Vi0 = Ui0 . It follows that, i=1 Vi is a nonempty open
Qm Qm
19 subset of i=1 Xi such that (y1 , . . . , ym ) ∈ i=1 Vi . Thus, by hypothesis, there exists l ∈ N with l ≥ k such
Qm Qm
20 that ( i=1 fi )l ((x1 , . . . , xm )) ∈ i=1 Vi . By Remark 3.1, part (1), we have that, fil0 (xi0 ) ∈ Ui0 . Therefore,
21 yi0 ∈ ω(xi0 , fi0 ) . Consequently, Xi0 = ω(xi0 , fi0 ) .
Qm
22 Suppose that (x1 , . . . , xm ) is an isolated point in i=1 Xi . Then there exists an open subset U of
Qm Qm
23
i=1 Xi such that ( i=1 Xi ) ∩ U = {(x1 , . . . , xm )}. Even more, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m}, there exists a
Qm Qm
24 nonempty open subset Ui ⊆ Xi such that ( i=1 Ui ) ∩ ( i=1 Xi ) = {(x1 , . . . , xm )} . Observe that, for each
25 i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , Ui ∩ Xi = {xi }. Consequently, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m}, xi is an isolated point in Xi .
26 Now suppose that, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , xi is an isolated point in Xi . Then, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m} ,
Qm
27 there exists an open subset Ui ⊆ Xi such that Ui ∩ Xi = {xi }. Note that, (x1 , . . . , xn ) ∈ i=1 Ui and
Qm Qm Qm
28 ( i=1 Ui ) ∩ ( i=1 Xi ) = {(x1 , . . . , xm )}. Thus, (x1 , . . . , xm ) is an isolated point in i=1 Xi .
29 Suppose that, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m}, xi is a periodic point of fi . Thus, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , there
30 exists ki ∈ N such that fiki (xi ) = xi . Let k = k1 · · · km . It follows that, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m}, fik (xi ) =
Qm
31 xi . Hence, (f1k (x1 ), . . . , fm k
(xm )) = (x1 , . . . , xm ) . By Remark 3.1, part (1), ( i=1 fi )k ((x1 , . . . , xm )) =
Qm
32 (x1 , . . . , xm ) . Therefore, (x1 , . . . , xm ) is a periodic point of i=1 fi .
Qm
33 Now, suppose that (x1 , . . . , xm ) is a periodic point of i=1 fi . Then, there exists k ∈ N such that
Qm
34 ( i=1 fi )k ((x1 , . . . , xm )) = (x1 , . . . , xm ) . Thus, by Remark 3.1, part (1), for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , fik (xi ) = xi .
35 Therefore, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , xi is a periodic point of fi . 2
36 As a consequence of Theorem 3.3, we have the following:

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 ROJAS, BARRAGAN and MACÍAS/Turk J Math

1 Remark 3.4 Let X1 , . . . , Xm be topological spaces and, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m}, let fi : Xi → Xi be a function.
2 Then the following hold:
Qm Qm
3 1. trans( i=1 fi ) ⊆ i=1 trans(fi ) .
Qm Qm
4 2. ω((x1 , . . . , xm ), i=1 fi ) ⊆ i=1 ω(xi , fi ).
Qm Qm
5 3. IP ( i=1 Xi ) = i=1 IP (Xi ).
Qm Qm
6 4. P er( i=1 fi ) = i=1 P er(fi ) .

7 Corollary 3.5 Let X1 , . . . , Xm be topological spaces and, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , let fi : Xi → Xi be a
8 function. Then the following hold:
Qm Qm
9 1. clQm
i=1 Xi
(trans( i=1 fi )) ⊆ i=1 clXi (trans(fi )).
Qm Qm
10 2. clQm
i=1 Xi
( i=1 P er(fi )) = i=1 clXi (P er(fi )).

11 In Example 3.6 we show that the converse of Theorem 3.3, parts (1) and (2), are not true in general.

12 Example 3.6 Let X = {1, 2} topologized with τ = {∅, X, {1}} and let f : X → X be a function given by
13 f (1) = 2 and f (2) = 1. Note that:

14 1. clX (O(1, f )) = X and clX (O(2, f )) = X . However, O((1, 2), f × f ) ∩ ({1} × {1}) = ∅. Consequently,
15 clX×X (O((1, 2), f × f )) 6= X × X .

16 2. ω(1, f ) = X and ω(2, f ) = X . However, ω((1, 2), f × f ) 6= X × X .

17 There exist conditions that make the converse of Theorem 3.3, parts (1) and (2) true. One of these
18 conditions is given in Theorem 3.7.

19 Theorem 3.7 Let X1 , . . . , Xm be topological spaces, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m}, let xi ∈ Xi , and let fi : Xi → Xi
20 be a function. Then the following hold:

21 1. If, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m}, ω(xi , fi ) = Xi and Xi is +invariant over open subsets under fi , then
Qm Qm
22 ω((x1 , . . . , xm ), i=1 fi ) = i=1 Xi .

2. If, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m}, clXi (O(xi , fi )) = Xi and Xi is +invariant over open subsets under fi , then:

m
!! m
Y Y
clQm i=1 Xi
O (x1 , . . . , xm ), fi = Xi .
i=1 i=1

23 Proof Suppose that, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , ω(xi , fi ) = Xi and that Xi is + invariant over open subsets
Qm Qm
24 under fi . Let (y1 , . . . , ym ) ∈ i=1 Xi , let k ∈ N and let U be an open subset of i=1 Xi such that
25 (y1 , . . . , ym ) ∈ U . Then, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m}, there exists a nonempty open subset Ui of Xi , such
Qm
26 that (y1 , . . . , ym ) ∈ i=1 Ui ⊆ U . By hypothesis, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , there exists li ∈ N such that

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1 li ≥ k and fili (xi ) ∈ Ui . For each i ∈ {1, . . . , m}, let l = max{l1 , . . . , lm }. By Lemma 3.2, for each
Qm
2 i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , we have that fil (xi ) ∈ Ui . Thus, ( i=1 fi )l ((x1 , . . . , xm )) ∈ U . Also note that l ≥ k .
Qm Qm Qm
3 Therefore, (x1 , . . . , xm ) ∈ ω((x1 , . . . , xm ), i=1 fi ) and ω((x1 , . . . , xm ), i=1 fi ) = i=1 Xi .
4 Now suppose that, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m}, clXi (O(xi , fi )) = Xi and that Xi is + invariant over
Qm
5 open subsets under fi . Let U be a nonempty open subset of i=1 Xi . Then, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m} ,
Qm
6 there exists a nonempty open subset Ui of Xi such that i=1 Ui ⊆ U . By hypothesis, for each i ∈
7 {1, . . . , m} , O(xi , fi ) ∩ Ui 6= ∅ . It follows that, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , there exists ki ∈ N such that
8 fiki (xi ) ∈ Ui . Let k = max{k1 , . . . , km }. By Lemma 3.2, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , we have that fik (xi ) ∈ Ui .
Qm Qm Qm
9 Consequently, ( i=1 fi )k ((x1 , . . . , xm )) = (f1k (x1 ), . . . , fm
k
(xm )) ∈ i=1 Ui . Hence, O((x1 , . . . , xm ), i=1 fi ) ∩
Qm Qm
10 U 6= ∅. Therefore, clQm i=1 Xi
(O ((x1 , . . . , xm ), i=1 fi )) = i=1 Xi . 2

11 As a consequence of Theorem 3.3, part (3), we have:

12 Corollary 3.8 Let X1 , . . . , Xm be topological spaces and, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , let fi : Xi → Xi be a
Qm
13 function. Then i=1 Xi is perfect if and only if, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m}, Xi is perfect.

Qm
14 Theorem 3.9 Let X1 , . . . , Xm be topological spaces. Then i=1 Xi is pseudo-regular if and only if, for each
15 i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , Xi is pseudo-regular.
Qm
16 Proof Suppose that Xi is pseudo-regular. Let i0 ∈ {1, . . . , m} and let Ui0 be a nonempty open subset
i=1
Qm
17 of Xi0 . For each i ∈ {1, . . . , m}\{i0 }, let Vi = Xi and let Vi0 = Ui0 . Thus, i=1 Vi is a nonempty open
Qm Qm Qm
18 subset of i=1 Xi . Since i=1 Xi is pseudo-regular, there exists a nonempty open subset V of i=1 Xi such
Qm 0
19 that clQmi=1 Xi
(V) ⊆ i=1 Vi . Moreover, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , there exists a nonempty open subset Vi ⊆ Xi
Qm 0 Qm 0 Qm
20 such that i=1 Vi ⊆ V . Consequently, clQm i=1 Xi
( i=1 Vi ) ⊆ i=1 Vi . Then clXi0 (Vi00 ) ⊆ Ui0 . Therefore,
21 Xi0 is pseudo-regular. Because, i0 ∈ {1, . . . , m} is arbitrary, we have that, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , Xi is
22 pseudo-regular.
23 Now suppose that, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , Xi is pseudo-regular. Let U be a nonempty open subset of
Qm Qm
24
i=1 Xi . Then, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m}, there exists a nonempty open subset Ui of Xi such that i=1 Ui ⊆ U .
25 Since, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , Xi is pseudo-regular, we have that, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , there exists a
Qm Qm
26 nonempty open subset Vi of Xi such that clXi (Vi ) ⊆ Ui . Hence i=1 clXi (Vi ) ⊆ i=1 Ui . On the other
Qm Qm Qm Qm
27 hand, since clQmi=1 Xi
( i=1 Vi ) ⊆ i=1 clXi (Vi ) , we have that clQm
i=1 Xi
( i=1 Vi ) ⊆ U . Therefore, i=1 Xi is
28 pseudo-regular. 2

29 Proposition 3.10 Let X1 , . . . , Xm be topological spaces, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , let Ui be an open subset of
30 Xi , and let fi : Xi → Xi be a function. Then, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , Ui is +invariant under fi if and only
Qm Qm
31 if i=1 Ui is +invariant under i=1 fi .
Qm Qm
32 Proof Suppose that, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m}, Ui is + invariant under fi . Let (a1 , . . . , am ) ∈ i=1 fi ( i=1 Ui ) .
Qm Qm
33 Then there exists (x1 , . . . , xm ) ∈ i=1 Ui such that i=1 fi ((x1 , . . . , xm )) = (a1 , . . . , am ). It follows that, for
34 each i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , fi (xi ) = ai . Then, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , ai ∈ fi (Ui ) . Since, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m} ,

8
 ROJAS, BARRAGAN and MACÍAS/Turk J Math

Qm
1 Ui is +invariant under fi , we have that, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m}, ai ∈ Ui . Therefore, (a1 , . . . , am ) ∈ i=1 Ui .
Qm Qm
2 Consequently, i=1 Ui is + invariant under i=1 fi .
Qm Qm
3 Now suppose that i=1 Ui is + invariant under i=1 fi . Let i0 ∈ {1, . . . , m} and let xi0 ∈ fi0 (Ui0 ) .
4 Then there exists ui0 ∈ Ui0 such that fi0 (ui0 ) = xi0 . For each j ∈ {1, . . . , m}\{i0 } , let uj ∈ Uj . Next,
Qm Qm Qm Qm
5 (u1 , . . . , um ) ∈ i=1 Ui . Since i=1 Ui is + invariant under i=1 fi , we have that i=1 fi ((u1 , . . . , um )) =
Qm
6 (f1 (u1 ), . . . , fm (um )) ∈ i=1 Ui . Thus, xi0 = fi0 (ui0 ) ∈ Ui0 . Therefore, fi0 (Ui0 ) ⊆ Ui0 . 2

7 Proposition 3.11 Let X1 , . . . , Xm be topological spaces and, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , let fi : Xi → Xi be a
Qm
8 function. If, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m}, Ui ⊆ Xi is −invariant under fi , then i=1 Ui is −invariant under
Qm
9
i=1 fi .

Qm Qm
10 Proof Suppose that, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , Ui is −invariant under fi . We show that ( i=1 fi )−1 ( i=1 Ui ) ⊆
Qm Qm −1
Qm Qm Qm
11
i=1 Ui . Let (a1 , . . . , am ) ∈ ( i=1 fi ) ( i=1 Ui ) . We have that i=1 fi ((a1 , . . . , am )) ∈ i=1 Ui . It follows
12 that, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , fi (ai ) ∈ Ui . Thus, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , ai ∈ fi−1 (Ui ) . Since, for each
13 i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , Ui is −invariant under fi , we obtain that, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , ai ∈ Ui . Consequently,
Qm Qm Qm
14 (a1 , . . . , am ) ∈ i=1 Ui . Therefore, i=1 Ui is −invariant under i=1 fi . 2
15 The converse of Proposition 3.11 is not true in general.

16 Example 3.12 Let X = {1, 2, 3, 4} be a set topologized with {X, ∅, {1, 2}} , and let f : X → X be a function
17 given by f (x) = 1, for each x ∈ X . Let A = {1} × {2, 3, 4}. Note that (f × f )−1 (A) = ∅. Thus,
18 (f × f )−1 (A) ⊆ A. Then A is −invariant under f × f . On the other hand, f −1 ({1}) = X . It follows
19 that, f −1 ({1}) * {1}. Consequently, {1} it is not −invariant under f .

20 Theorem 3.13 Let X1 , . . . , Xm be topological spaces, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , let Ui be an open subset of Xi ,
Qm Qm
21 and let fi : Xi → Xi be a surjective function. Then i=1 Ui is −invariant under i=1 fi if and only if, for
22 each i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , Ui is −invariant under fi .
Qm Qm
23 Proof Suppose that i=1 Ui is −invariant under i=1 fi . Let i0 ∈ {1, . . . , m} and let ai0 ∈ fi−1
0
(Ui0 ) .
24 Thus, fi0 (ai0 ) ∈ Ui0 . On the other hand, since, for each j ∈ {1, . . . , m} , fj is surjective, we have that,
25 for each j ∈ {1, . . . , m} , fj−1 (Uj ) 6= ∅ . Then, for each j ∈ {1, . . . , m}\{i0 }, we can take aj ∈ fj−1 (Uj ) .
Qm
26 Hence, for each j ∈ {1, . . . , m}, fj (aj ) ∈ Uj . It follows that (f1 (a1 ), . . . , fm (am )) ∈ i=1 Ui . Thus,
Qm Qm Qm −1
Qm Qm
27
i=1 fi ((a1 , . . . , am )) ∈ i=1 Ui . Then (a1 , . . . , am ) ∈ ( i=1 fi ) ( i=1 Ui ) . By hypothesis, since i=1 Ui is
Qm
28 −invariant, (a1 , . . . , am ) ∈ i=1 Ui . Hence, ai0 ∈ Ui0 . Therefore, Ui0 is −invariant.
29 The converse implication follows from Proposition 3.11. 2

30 Theorem 3.14 Let X1 , . . . , Xm be topological spaces and, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m}, let fi : Xi → Xi be a
Qm
31 function. Then, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m}, Xi is +invariant over open subsets under fi if and only if i=1 Xi
Qm
32 is +invariant over open subsets under i=1 fi .

33 Proof Suppose that, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , Xi is + invariant over open subsets under fi . Let U be a
Qm Qm
34 nonempty open subset of i=1 Xi and let (x1 , . . . , xm ) ∈ i=1 fi (U) . Then there exists (a1 , . . . , am ) ∈ U

9
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Qm
1 such that i=1fi ((a1 , . . . , am )) = (x1 , . . . , xm ). It follows that, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m}, there exists a
Qm
2 nonempty open subset Ui of Xi such that (a1 , . . . , am ) ∈ i=1 Ui ⊆ U . By hypothesis and Proposition
Qm Qm Qm Qm
3 3.10, i=1 fi ( i=1 Ui ) ⊆ i=1 Ui . Thus, (x1 , . . . , xm ) ∈ i=1 Ui ⊆ U . Therefore, U is + invariant under
Qm Qm Qm
4
i=1 fi . Because U is arbitrary, we have that i=1 Xi is + invariant over open subsets under i=1 fi .
Qm Qm
5 Now, suppose that i=1 Xi is + invariant over open subsets under i=1 fi . Let i0 ∈ {1, . . . , m}, let
Qm
6 Ui0 be an open subset of Xi0 and, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m}\{i0 } , let Vi = Xi and Vi0 = Ui0 . Then i=1 Vi is
Qm Qm Qm
7 a nonempty open subset of i=1 Xi . Since i=1 Xi is + invariant over open subsets under i=1 fi , we have
Qm Qm
8 that i=1 Vi is +invariant under i=1 fi . Then, by Proposition 3.10, Ui0 is + invariant under fi0 . 2

9 Theorem 3.15 Let X1 , . . . , Xm be topological spaces and, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , let fi : Xi → Xi be a
Qm Qm
10 function. Then P er( i=1 fi ) is dense in i=1 Xi if and only if, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , P er(fi ) is dense in
11 Xi .
Qm Qm Qm Qm
12 Proof Suppose that P er( i=1 fi ) is dense in i=1 Xi . Thus, clQm i=1 Xi
(P er( i=1 fi )) = i=1 Xi . Then, by
Qm Qm
13 Corollary 3.5, part (2), i=1 clXi (P er(fi )) = i=1 Xi . Consequently, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , clXi (P er(fi )) =
14 Xi . Therefore, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , P er(fi ) is dense in Xi .
15 Now suppose that, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m}, P er(fi ) is dense in Xi . In consequence, we have
Qm Qm
16 that, i=1 clXi (P er(fi )) = i=1 Xi . On the other hand, by Remark 3.4 and Corollary 3.5, part (2),
Qm Qm Qm
17 we have that i=1 clXi (P er(fi )) = cl i=1 Xi ( i=1 P er(fi )) = cl i=1 Xi (P er ( i=1 fi )) . It follows that
Q m Qm
Qm Qm Qm Qm
18 clQm
i=1 Xi
(P er( i=1 fi )) = i=1 Xi . Therefore, P er( i=1 fi ) is dense in i=1 Xi . 2

19 Proposition 3.16 Let X1 , . . . , Xm be topological spaces and, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m}, let fi : Xi → Xi be a
Qm Qm
20 function. If trans( i=1 fi ) is dense in i=1 Xi , then, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , trans(fi ) is dense in Xi .
Qm Qm Qm Qm
21 Proof Suppose that trans( i=1 fi ) is dense in i=1 Xi . Hence, cl i=1 Xi (trans( i=1 fi )) =
Qm
i=1 Xi .
Qm Qm
22 So, by Corollary 3.5, part (1), i=1 Xi ⊆ i=1 clXi (trans(fi )) . Consequently, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m} ,
23 Xi ⊆ clXi (trans(fi )) . Therefore, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m}, trans(fi ) is dense in Xi . 2
24 The converse of Proposition 3.16 is not true in general.

25 Example 3.17 Let X = {1, 2} be a set topologized with τ = {∅, X, {1}, {2}} , and let f : X → X be a function
26 given by f (1) = 2 and f (2) = 1. Note that:

27 1. O(1, f ) = {1, 2} is dense in X and O(2, f ) = {2, 1} is dense in X . Thus, trans(f ) is dense in X .

28 2. trans(f × f ) = ∅.

29 Theorem 3.18 Let X1 , . . . , Xm be topological spaces and, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , let fi : Xi → Xi be a
30 function. If, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m}, trans(fi ) is dense in Xi and Xi is +invariant over open subsets under
Qm Qm
31 fi , then trans( i=1 fi ) is dense in i=1 Xi .

32 Proof Suppose that, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , trans(fi ) is dense in Xi and that Xi is + invariant over
Qm
33 open subsets under fi . Let U be a nonempty open subset of i=1 Xi . Then, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , there

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 ROJAS, BARRAGAN and MACÍAS/Turk J Math

Qm
1 exists a nonempty open subset Ui of Xi such that i=1 Ui ⊆ U . By hypothesis, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m} ,
2 Ui ∩ trans(fi ) 6= ∅ . Consequently, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m}, there exists xi ∈ Ui such that xi is a transitive
3 point of fi . Since, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , Xi is + invariant over open subsets under fi , by Theorem 3.7,
Qm
4 part (2), we have that (x1 , . . . , xm ) is a transitive point of i=1 fi . Even more, (x1 , . . . , xm ) ∈ U . Therefore,
Qm Qm
5 trans( i=1 fi ) is dense in i=1 Xi . 2

6 Lemma 3.19 Let X1 , . . . , Xm be topological spaces and, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , let fi : Xi → Xi be a
7 function. If j ∈ {1, . . . , m} , let Uj , Vj be two nonempty open subsets of Xj and, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m}\{j} ,
Qm Qm
8 we put Ui = Xi and Vi = Xi , then nQm i=1 fi
( i=1 Ui , i=1 Vi ) ⊆ nfj (Uj , Vj ) .

Qm Qm Qm Qm −k Qm
9 Proof Let k ∈ nQm i=1 fi
( i=1 Ui , i=1 Vi ) . Then ( i=1 Ui ) ∩ ( i=1 fi ) ( i=1 Vi ) 6= ∅. Let (y1 , . . . , ym ) ∈
Qm Qm Qm Qm Qm
10 ( i=1 Ui ) ∩ ( i=1 fi )−k ( i=1 Vi ) . It follows that, ( i=1 fi )k ((y1 , . . . , ym )) ∈ i=1 Vi . Then, by Remark
Qm −k
11 3.1, part (1), we have that (f1k (y1 ), . . . , fm k
(ym )) ∈ i=1 Vi . Consequently, yj ∈ Uj ∩ fj (Vj ) . Then,
Qm Qm
12 k ∈ nfj (Uj , Vj ) . Thus, nQm i=1 fi
( i=1 Ui , i=1 Vi ) ⊆ nfj (Uj , Vj ) . 2

13 4. Dynamic properties of product functions

14 Let X1 , . . . , Xm be topological spaces and, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m}, let fi : Xi → Xi be a function. In this
Qm
15 section, we present the relationships that exist between the functions i=1 fi and fi , for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m} ,
16 when any of them is: exact, mixing, transitive, weakly mixing, totally transitive, strongly transitive, chaotic,
17 minimal, orbit-transitive, strictly orbit-transitive, ω -transitive, T T++ , mild mixing, exactly Devaney chaotic,
18 backward minimal, totally minimal, scattering, Touhey or an F -system.

19 Theorem 4.1 Let X1 , . . . , Xm be topological spaces and, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , let fi : Xi → Xi be a
20 function. Let M be one of the following classes of functions: transitive, weakly mixing, totally transitive,
21 strongly transitive, chaotic, orbit-transitive, strictly orbit-transitive, ω -transitive, T T++ , backward minimal,
Qm
22 Touhey, an F-system, scattering or mild mixing. If i=1 fi ∈ M, then, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , fi ∈ M.
Qm
23 Proof Suppose that i=1 fi is transitive. Let i0 ∈ {1, . . . , m} and let Ui0 , Vi0 be nonempty open subsets of
Qm Qm
24 Xi0 . For every i ∈ {1, . . . , m}\{i0 }, let Ui = Xi and let Vi = Xi . Then i=1 Ui and i=1 Vi are nonempty
Qm Qm Qm Qm
25 open subsets of i=1 Xi . Since, i=1 fi is transitive, there exists k ∈ N such that ( i=1 fi )k ( i=1 Ui ) ∩
Qm Qm Qm Qm
26 ( i=1 Vi ) 6= ∅ . Let (u1 , . . . , um ) ∈ i=1 Ui such that ( i=1 fi )k ((u1 , . . . , um )) ∈ i=1 Vi . Thus, by Remark
27 3.1, part (1), we have that fik0 (ui0 ) ∈ Vi0 . Therefore, fik0 (ui0 ) ∈ fik0 (Ui0 ) ∩ Vi0 , fik0 (Ui0 ) ∩ Vi0 6= ∅ and fi0 is
28 transitive.
Qm
29 Suppose that i=1 fi is weakly mixing. Let i0 ∈ {1, . . . , m} and let U, V be nonempty open sub-
30 sets of Xi0 × Xi0 . Then there exist nonempty open subsets Ui10 , Ui20 , Vi10 and Vi20 of Xi0 such that Ui10 ×
31 Ui20 ⊆ U and Vi10 × Vi20 ⊆ V . For each i ∈ {1, . . . , m}\{i0 } , let Ui1 = Ui2 = Vi1 = Vi2 = Xi . Hence
Qm Qm Qm Qm Qm Qm
32 ( i=1 Ui1 ) × ( i=1 Ui2 ) and ( i=1 Vi1 ) × ( i=1 Vi2 ) are nonempty open subsets of ( i=1 Xi ) × ( i=1 Xi ) .
Qm Qm
33 By hypothesis, there exists ((a1 , . . . , am ), (b1 , . . . , bm )) ∈ ( i=1 Ui1 ) × ( i=1 Ui2 ) and k ∈ N such that
Qm Qm Qm Qm
34 (( i=1 fi ) × ( i=1 fi ))k ((a1 , . . . , am ), (b1 , . . . , bm )) ∈ ( i=1 Vi1 ) × ( i=1 Vi2 ) . Then by Remark 3.1, part (1),

11
 ROJAS, BARRAGAN and MACÍAS/Turk J Math

1 (fi0 × fi0 )k ((ai0 , bi0 )) ∈ Vi10 × Vi20 . Even more, (ai0 , bi0 ) ∈ Ui10 × Ui20 . Therefore, (fi0 × fi0 )k (U) ∩ V =
6 ∅ and
2 hence fi×2
0
is transitive. Finally, fi0 is weakly mixing.
Qm Qm
3 Suppose that i=1 fi is totally transitive. Let i0 ∈ {1, . . . , m} and let s ∈ N. By hypothesis, ( i=1 fi )s
Qm
4 is transitive. By Remark 3.1, part (1), i=1 fis is transitive. Thus, by the first paragraph of the proof of this
5 theorem, we have that fis0 is transitive. Therefore, fi0 is totally transitive.
Qm
6 Suppose that i=1 fi is strongly transitive. Let i0 ∈ {1, . . . , m} and let Ui0 be a nonempty open subset
Qm Qm
7 of Xi0 . For every i ∈ {1, . . . , m}\{i0 } , let Ui = Xi . Then i=1 Ui is a nonempty open subset of i=1 Xi . By
Qm Ss Qm Qm
8 hypothesis, there exists s ∈ N such that i=1 Xi = k=0 ( i=1 fi )k ( i=1 Ui ) . Let xi0 ∈ Xi0 and, for each i ∈
Qm Qm
9 {1, . . . , m}\{i0 } , let xi ∈ Xi . Then there exists k1 ∈ {0, . . . , s} such that (x1 , . . . , xm ) ∈ ( i=1 fi )k1 ( i=1 Ui ) .
Ss
10 Thus by Remark 3.1, part (1), we have that xi0 ∈ fik01 (Ui0 ) . Therefore, Xi0 = k=0 fik0 (Ui0 ) and hence fi0 is
11 strongly transitive.
Qm
12 Suppose that i=1 fi is chaotic. By the first paragraph of the proof of this theorem, for all i ∈ {1, . . . , m} ,
13 fi is transitive. Also, by Theorem 3.15, for every i ∈ {1, . . . , m}, P er(fi ) is dense in Xi . Thus, for each
14 i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , fi is chaotic.
Qm Qm
15 Suppose that i=1 fi is orbit-transitive. Consequently, there exists (x1 , . . . , xm ) ∈ i=1 Xi such that
Qm Qm
16 clQmi=1 Xi
(O((x1 , . . . , xm ), i=1 fi )) = i=1 Xi . Thus, by Theorem 3.3, part (1), for every i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , we
17 have that clXi (O(xi , fi )) = Xi . Thus, for all i ∈ {1, . . . , m}, fi is orbit-transitive.
Qm Qm
18 Suppose that i=1 fi is strictly orbit-transitive. Consequently, there exists (x1 , . . . , xm ) ∈ i=1 Xi such
Qm Qm Qm
19 that clQm
i=1 Xi
(O( i=1 fi ((x1 , . . . , xm )), i=1 fi )) = i=1 Xi . Therefore, by Theorem 3.3, part (1), for every
20 i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , clXi (O(fi (xi ), fi )) = Xi and hence, for all i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , fi is strictly orbit-transitive.
Qm Qm
21 Suppose that i=1 fi is ω -transitive. Consequently, there exists (x1 , . . . , xm ) ∈ i=1 Xi such that
Qm Qm
22 ω((x1 , . . . , xm ), i=1 fi ) = i=1 Xi . Thus, by Theorem 3.3, part (2), for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m}, ω(xi , fi ) = Xi .
23 Therefore, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m}, fi is ω -transitive.
Qm
24 Suppose that i=1 fi is T T++ . Let i0 ∈ {1, . . . , m} and let Ui0 , Vi0 be nonempty open subsets of Xi0 .
Qm Qm
25 For every i ∈ {1, . . . , m}\{i0 } , let Ui = Xi and Vi = Xi . Then by Lemma 3.19, nQm fi ( i=1 Ui , i=1 Vi ) ⊆
i=1
Qm Qm
26 nfi0 (Ui0 , Vi0 ) . Also, by hypothesis, nQm fi ( i=1 Ui , i=1 Vi ) is infinite. Therefore, nfi0 (Ui0 , Vi0 ) is infinite
i=1

27 and hence fi0 is T T++ .

Qm
28 Suppose that i=1 fi is backward minimal. Let i0 ∈ {1, . . . , m} , let xi0 ∈ Xi0 and let Ui0 be a
Qm
29 nonempty open subset of Xi0 . For each i ∈ {1, . . . , m}\{i0 }, let Ui = Xi and let xi ∈ Xi . Then i=1 Ui
Qm Qm Qm l
30 is a nonempty open subset of i=1 Xi . By hypothesis, we deduce that {A ∈ i=1 Xi : ( i=1 fi ) (A) =
Qm Qm
31 (x1 , . . . , xm ), for some l ∈ N} ∩ i=1 Ui 6= ∅ . Let (u1 , . . . , um ) ∈ i=1 Ui and let l ∈ N such that
Qm
32 ( i=1 fi )l ((u1 , . . . , um )) = (x1 , . . . , xm ) . It follows that, ui0 ∈ {y ∈ Xi0 : fil0 (y) = xi0 , for some l ∈ N} ∩ Ui0 6=
33 ∅. Thus, the set {y ∈ Xi0 : fil0 (y) = xi0 , for some l ∈ N} is dense in Xi0 . Since xi0 ∈ Xi0 is arbitrary, we have
34 that fi0 is backward minimal.
Qm
35 Suppose that i=1 fi is Touhey. Let i0 ∈ {1, . . . , m} and let Ui0 , Vi0 be nonempty open subsets of Xi0 .
Qm Qm
36 For each i ∈ {1, . . . , m}\{i0 } , let Ui = Xi and Vi = Xi . Then, i=1 Ui and i=1 Vi are nonempty open
Qm Qm
37 subsets of i=1 Xi . By hypothesis, there exist a periodic point (x1 , . . . , xm ) ∈ i=1 Ui and k ∈ Z+ such that

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Qm Qm
1 ( i=1 fi )k ((x1 , . . . , xm )) ∈ i=1 Vi . By Theorem 3.3, part (4), xi0 is a periodic point of fi0 such that xi0 ∈ Ui0
2 and by Remark 3.1, part (1), fik0 (xi0 ) ∈ Vi0 . Therefore, fi0 is Touhey.
Qm Qm Qm
3 Suppose that i=1 fi is an F -system. Thus, i=1 fi is totally transitive and P er( i=1 fi ) is dense in
Qm
4
i=1 Xi . By the third paragraph of this proof, we have that, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , fi is totally transitive.
5 Also, by Theorem 3.15, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , P er(fi ) is dense in Xi . Therefore, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , fi
6 is an F -system.
Qm
7 Suppose that i=1 fi is scattering. Let i0 ∈ {1, . . . , m}, let Y be a topological space and let g : Y → Y
8 be a minimal function. Let U and V be nonempty open subsets of Xi0 × Y . Then, there exist nonempty open
9 subsets Ui10 , Ui20 of Xi0 and nonempty open subsets V1 , V2 of Y such that Ui10 × V1 ⊆ U and Ui20 × V2 ⊆ V .
Qm Qm
10 For each i ∈ {1, . . . , m}\{i0 } , let Ui1 = Ui2 = Xi . Thus, 1
i=1 Ui and
2
i=1 Ui are nonempty open
Qm Qm
11 subsets of i=1 Xi . By hypothesis, there exist ((u1 , . . . , um ), v1 ) ∈ ( i=1 Ui1 ) × V1 and k ∈ N such that
Qm Qm
12 (( i=1 fi ) × g)k ((u1 , . . . , um ), v1 ) ∈ ( i=1 Ui2 ) × V2 . It follows that (ui0 , v1 ) ∈ Ui10 × V1 and by Remark 3.1,
13 part (1), (fi0 × g)k ((ui0 , v1 )) ∈ Ui20 × V2 . Therefore, (fi0 × g)k (U) ∩ V 6= ∅ and hence fi0 is scattering.
14 The proof for mild mixing is similar to that given for scattering. 2
15 The converse of Theorem 4.1 is not true in general. Let us see a partial example of this in the following:

16 Example 4.2 Let f : [0, 2] → [0, 2] be a function given by:


 2x + 1, 0 ≤ x ≤ 12 ,
1
f (x) = −2x + 3, 2 ≤ x ≤ 1,
−x + 2, 1 ≤ x ≤ 2.


17 In [8, Example 1], it is proved that f is a chaotic function. Also, it is proved that f × f : [0, 2] × [0, 2] →
18 [0, 2] × [0, 2] is not transitive and, therefore, it is not chaotic. Furthermore, in [1, 15], it is proved that for
19 continua and continuous functions, the notions: transitive, orbit-transitive, strictly orbit-transitive, ω -transitive
20 and T T++ are equivalent. Therefore, the converse of Theorem 4.1, for all these classes of functions are not
21 true in general.

22 Theorem 4.3 Let X1 , . . . , Xm be topological spaces and, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , let fi : Xi → Xi be a
Qm
23 function. Then, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m}, fi is exact if and only if i=1 fi is exact.
Qm
24 Proof Suppose that fi is exact. Let i0 ∈ {1, . . . , m} and let Ui0 be a nonempty open subset of Xi0 .
i=1
Qm Qm
25 For each i ∈ {1, . . . , m}\{i0 } , let Ui = Xi . Then i=1 Ui is an open subset of i=1 Xi . By hypothesis, there
Qm Qm Qm
26 exists k ∈ N such that ( i=1 fi )k ( i=1 Ui ) = i=1 Xi . By Remark 3.1, part (3), fik0 (Ui0 ) = Xi0 . Thus, fi0 is
27 exact.
Qm
28 Now, suppose that, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , fi is exact. Let U be a nonempty open subset of i=1 Xi .
Qm
29 Then, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m}, there exists a nonempty open subset Ui of Xi such that i=1 Ui ⊆ U . By
30 hypothesis, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , there exists ki ∈ N such that fiki (Ui ) = Xi . On the other hand, by the
31 diagram on Figure, we have that, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m}, fi is surjective. Then, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m} and
32 for each l ∈ N, fil (Xi ) = Xi . Let k = max{k1 , . . . , km } . It follows that, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , there exists
33 li ∈ Z+ such that k = ki + li . Thus, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , fik (Ui ) = fili +ki (Ui ) = fili (fiki (Ui )) = fili (Xi ) =

13
 ROJAS, BARRAGAN and MACÍAS/Turk J Math

Qm Qm Qm Qm
1 Xi . Consequently, by Remark 3.1, part (1), ( i=1 fi )k ( i=1 Ui ) = i=1 fik (Ui ) = i=1 Xi . Therefore,
Qm Qm Qm
2 ( i=1 fi )k (U) = i=1 Xi and i=1 fi is exact. 2

3 Theorem 4.4 Let X1 , . . . , Xm be topological spaces and, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , let fi : Xi → Xi be a
Qm
4 function. Then i=1 fi is mixing if and only if, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , fi is mixing.
Qm
Proof Suppose that fi is mixing. Let i0 ∈ {1, . . . , m} and let Ui0 , Vi0 be two nonempty open
i=1
Qm
subsets of Xi0 . For each i ∈ {1, . . . , m}\{i0 } , we put Ui = Xi and Vi = Xi . It follows that, i=1 Ui
Qm Qm Qm
and i=1 Vi are nonempty open subsets of i=1 Xi . Since i=1 fi is mixing, there exists N ∈ N such
Qm k
Qm Qm
that ( i=1 fi ) ( i=1 Ui ) ∩ ( i=1 Vi ) 6= ∅ , for each k ≥ N . Let k ≥ N and let (a1 , . . . , vi0 , . . . , am ) ∈
Qm Qm Qm Qm
( i=1 fi )k ( i=1 Ui ) ∩ ( i=1 Vi ) . Then there exists (x1 , . . . , ui0 , . . . , xm ) ∈ i=1 Ui such that:

m
!k
Y
fi ((x1 , . . . , ui0 , . . . , xm )) = (a1 , . . . , vi0 , . . . , am ).
i=1

5 Thus, fik0 (ui0 ) = vi0 . Thereby, vi0 ∈ fik0 (Ui0 ) ∩ Vi0 . Consequently, fik0 (Ui0 ) ∩ Vi0 6= ∅ , for each k ≥ N .
6 Therefore, fi0 is mixing.
7 Now, suppose that, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m}, fi is mixing. Let U and V be two nonempty open subsets
Qm
8 of i=1 Xi . Then, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , there exist nonempty open subsets Ui and Vi of Xi , such that
Qm Qm
9
i=1 Ui ⊆ U and i=1 Vi ⊆ V . Since fi is mixing, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m}, there exists Ni ∈ N such
10 that fik (Ui ) ∩ Vi 6= ∅, for each k ≥ Ni . Let N = max{N1 , . . . , Nm } and let l ≥ N . Thus, by hypothesis
Qm
11 fil (Ui )∩Vi 6= ∅ . For each i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , let ai ∈ Ui be such that fil (ai ) ∈ Vi . Then (a1 , . . . , am ) ∈ i=1 Ui and
Qm Qm Qm Qm Qm Qm
12 ( i=1 fi )l (a1 , . . . , am ) ∈ i=1 Vi . Hence ( i=1 fi )l (a1 , . . . , am ) ∈ [( i=1 fi )l ( i=1 Ui )] ∩ ( i=1 Vi ) . Hence, for
Qm Qm Qm Qm
13 each l ≥ N , [( i=1 fi )l ( i=1 Ui )] ∩ ( i=1 Vi ) 6= ∅. Therefore, i=1 fi is mixing. 2
14 By Theorems 3.15 and 4.3, we have the following result.

15 Proposition 4.5 Let X1 , . . . , Xm be topological spaces and, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , let fi : Xi → Xi be a
Qm
16 function. Then, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , fi is exactly Devaney chaotic if and only if i=1 fi is exactly Devaney
17 chaotic.

18 Theorem 4.6 Let X1 , . . . , Xm be topological spaces and, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m}, let fi : Xi → Xi be a
Qm
19 continuous function. If i=1 fi is minimal, then, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , fi is minimal.

20 Proof Let i0 ∈ {1, . . . , m} . Since fi0 is continuous, it is enough to show that, for each x ∈ Xi0 ,
21 clXi0 (O(x, fi0 )) = Xi0 . Let x ∈ Xi0 , for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m}\{i0 } , let xi ∈ Xi and let xi0 = x . Then,
Qm Qm
22 (x1 , . . . , xm ) ∈ i=1 Xi . Since, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m}, fi is continuos, we have that, i=1 fi is a minimal and
Qm Qm
23 continuous function. Thus, we have that clQm i=1 Xi
(O((x1 , . . . , xm ), i=1 fi )) = i=1 Xi . Later, by Theorem
24 3.3, part (1), for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , clXi (O(xi , fi )) = Xi . In particular, clXi0 (O(x, fi0 )) = Xi0 . Considering
25 that x ∈ Xi0 is arbitrary, by [15, Proposition 6.2], fi0 is minimal. 2

26 Corollary 4.7 Let X1 , . . . , Xm be topological spaces and, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , let fi : Xi → Xi be a
Qm
27 continuous function. If i=1 fi is totally minimal, then, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , fi is totally minimal.

14
 ROJAS, BARRAGAN and MACÍAS/Turk J Math

Qm Qm
1 Proof Let s ∈ N . By hypothesis, ( i=1 fi )s is minimal. Then, by Remark 3.1, part (1), i=1 fis is minimal.
2 Thus, by Theorem 4.6, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , fis is minimal. 2

3 Lemma 4.8 Let X1 , . . . , Xm+1 be topological spaces and, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m + 1} , let fi : Xi → Xi be a
4 function. If, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m}, Xi is +invariant over open subsets under fi and fi × fm+1 is transitive,
Qm
5 then ( i=1 fi ) × fm+1 is transitive.

6 Proof Suppose that, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , Xi is + invariant over open subsets under fi and fi × fm+1
Qm
7 is transitive. Let U , V be two nonempty open subsets of ( i=1 Xi ) × Xm+1 . It follows that, there exist
Qm
8 nonempty open subsets U1 and U2 of i=1 Xi and there exist nonempty open subsets V1 and V2 of Xm+1
9 such that, U1 × V1 ⊆ U and U2 × V2 ⊆ V . Hence, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , there exist nonempty open subsets
Qm Qm
10 Ui1 , Ui2 of Xi such that i=1 Ui1 ⊆ U1 and i=1 Ui2 ⊆ U2 . By hypothesis, there exists ki ∈ N such that
11 (fi × fm+1 )ki (Ui1 × V1 ) ∩ (Ui2 × V2 ) 6= ∅ . Then, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m}, there exists (ui , vi ) ∈ Ui1 × V1 such
12 that (fi × fm+1 )ki ((ui , vi )) ∈ Ui2 × V2 . Consequently, for every i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , fiki (ui ) ∈ Ui2 . Let k =
13 max{k1 , . . . , km } . Then, by Lemma 3.2, we have that, for all i ∈ {1, . . . , m}, fik (ui ) ∈ Ui2 . Let i0 ∈ {1, . . . , m}
k
Qm
14 be such that k = ki0 , and let v = vi0 . Thus, fm+1 (v) ∈ V2 . Hence, ((u1 , . . . , um ), v)) ∈ ( i=1 Ui1 ) × V1 and
Qm Qm Qm
15 (( i=1 fi )×fm+1 )k (((u1 , . . . , um ), v)) ∈ ( i=1 Ui2 )×V2 . Consequently, [( i=1 fi )×fm+1 ]k (U1 ×V1 )∩(U2 ×V2 ) 6=
Qm
16 ∅ . Therefore, ( i=1 fi ) × fm+1 is transitive. 2

17 Remark 4.9 Let X be a topological space and let f : X → X be a function. Observe that if X is +invariant
18 over open subsets under f , then f cannot be strongly transitive unless X has the trivial topology.

19 Theorem 4.10 Let X1 , . . . , Xm be topological spaces and, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , let fi : Xi → Xi be a
20 function. Let M be one of the following classes of functions: transitive, weakly mixing, totally transitive,
21 chaotic, orbit-transitive, strictly orbit-transitive, ω -transitive, T T++ , Touhey, scattering, an F-system or mild
22 mixing. If, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , fi ∈ M and Xi is +invariant over open subsets under fi , then
Qm
23
i=1 fi ∈ M.

24 Proof Suppose that, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m}, fi is transitive. Let U and V be two nonempty open
Qm
25 subsets of i=1 Xi . Then, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , there exist nonempty open subsets Ui and Vi of Xi
Qm Qm
26 such that i=1 Ui ⊆ U and i=1 Vi ⊆ V . By hypothesis, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , there exists ki ∈ N

27 such that fiki (Ui ) ∩ Vi 6= ∅ . For each i ∈ {1, . . . , m}, let ui ∈ Ui be such that fiki (ui ) ∈ Vi and let k =
28 max{k1 , . . . , km } . By Lemma 3.2, we have that, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , fik (ui ) ∈ Vi . Hence, (u1 , . . . , um ) ∈
Qm k k
Qm Qm k
Qm
29
i=1 Ui and (f1 (u1 ), . . . , fm (um )) ∈ i=1 Vi . Consequently, ( i=1 fi ) ((u1 , . . . , um )) ∈ i=1 Vi . It follows
Qm m m m m
that ( i=1 fi )m ( i=1 Ui ) ∩ ( i=1 Vi ) 6= ∅ . Therefore, ( i=1 fi )k (U) ∩ V 6= ∅ and i=1 fi is transitive.
Q Q Q Q
30

31 Suppose that, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m}, fi is weakly mixing. Let U1 , U2 , V1 and V2 be four nonempty
Qm
32 open subsets of i=1 Xi . Then, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , there exist nonempty open subsets Ui1 , Ui2 , Vi1 and
Qm Qm Qm Qm
33 Vi2 of Xi , such that i=1 Ui1 ⊆ U1 , i=1 Ui2 ⊆ U2 , i=1 Vi1 ⊆ V1 and i=1 Vi2 ⊆ V2 . Since, fi is weakly
34 mixing, for every i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , there exists ki ∈ N such that fiki (Uij ) ∩ Vij 6= ∅, for each j ∈ {1, 2}. For
0 0
35 each i ∈ {1, . . . , m}, let ai ∈ Ui1 be such that fiki (ai ) ∈ Vi1 and let ai ∈ Ui2 be such that fiki (ai ) ∈ Vi2 .

15
 ROJAS, BARRAGAN and MACÍAS/Turk J Math

0
1 Let k = max{k1 , . . . , km } . Hence, by Lemma 3.2, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m}, fik (ai ) ∈ Vi1 and fik (ai ) ∈ Vi2 .
Qm Qm Qm 0 0 Qm
2 It follows that, ( i=1 fi )k ((a1 , . . . , am )) ∈ i=1 Vi1 and ( i=1 fi )k ((a1 , . . . , am )) ∈ i=1 Vi2 . Consequently,
Qm Qm Qm
3 ( i=1 fi )k (U1 ) ∩ V1 6= ∅ and ( i=1 fi )k (U2 ) ∩ V2 6= ∅. Therefore, i=1 fi is weakly mixing.
Suppose that, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , fi is totally transitive. Let s ∈ N and let U , V be two nonempty
Qm
open subsets of i=1 Xi . Then, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , there exist nonempty open subsets Ui , Vi of Xi
Qm Qm
such that i=1 Ui ⊆ U and i=1 Vi ⊆ V . Since, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m}, fi is totally transitive, for each
i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , there exists ki ∈ N such that (fis )ki (Ui )∩Vi 6= ∅ . Hence, for all i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , fiski (Ui )∩Vi 6= ∅ .
For every i ∈ {1, . . . , m}, let ui ∈ Ui be such that fiski (ui ) ∈ Vi . Let k = max{k1 , . . . , km } . By Lemma 3.2, for
Qm
each i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , fisk (ui ) ∈ Vi . Thus, (f1sk (u1 ), . . . , fm
sk
(um )) ∈ i=1 fisk (Ui ) and (f1sk (u1 ), . . . , fm
sk
(um )) ∈
Qm Qm sk
Q m sk
Q m
i=1 Vi . By Remark 3.1, part (1), we have that, ( i=1 fi ) ((u1 , . . . , um )) ∈ ( i=1 fi ) ( i=1 Ui ) and
Qm m
( i=1 fi )sk ((u1 , . . . , um )) ∈ i=1 Vi . Consequently:
Q

!sk  !sk !
m
Y m
Y m
Y m
Y
fi ((u1 , . . . , um )) ∈  fi Ui ∩ Vi .
i=1 i=1 i=1 i=1

Qm Qm
4 Hence, ( i=1 fi )s is transitive. Since s ∈ N is arbitrary, we have that i=1 fi is totally transitive.
5 Suppose that, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , fi is a chaotic function. Then, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m}, fi is
Qm
6 transitive and P er(fi ) is dense in Xi . By the first part of the proof of this theorem, we have that, i=1 fi is
Qm Qm Q
7 transitive and by Theorem 3.15, P er( i=1 fi ) is dense in i=1 Xi . Therefore, i=1 fi is chaotic.
8 Suppose that, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m}, fi is orbit-transitive. Thus, for all i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , there exists
Qm
9 xi ∈ Xi such that clXi (O(xi , fi )) = Xi . Then, by Theorem 3.7, part (2), clQm
i=1 Xi
(O ((x1 , . . . , xm ), i=1 fi )) =
Qm Qm
10
i=1 Xi . Thence, i=1 fi is orbit-transitive.

Suppose that, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , fi is strictly orbit-transitive. Then, for every i ∈ {1, . . . , m} ,
there exists xi ∈ Xi such that clXi (O(fi (xi ), fi )) = Xi . By Theorem 3.7, part (2):

m
Y m
Y
clQm
i=1 Xi
(O((f1 (x1 ), . . . , fn (xm )), fi )) = Xi .
i=1 i=1

Qm Qm Qm Qm
11 Consequently clQm
i=1 Xi
(O (( i=1 fi ) ((x1 , . . . , xm )), i=1 fi )) = i=1 Xi . Therefore, i=1 fi is strictly orbit-
12 transitive.
13 Suppose that, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m}, fi is ω -transitive. Then, for every i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , there exists
Qm Qm
14 xi ∈ Xi such that ω(xi , fi ) = Xi . By Theorem 3.7, part (1), ω((x1 , . . . , xm ), i=1 fi ) = i=1 Xi . Therefore,
Qm
15
i=1 fi is ω -transitive.

16 Suppose that, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m}, fi is T T++ . Let U and V be two nonempty open subsets
Qm
17 of i=1 Xi . Then, for every i ∈ {1, . . . , m}, there exist nonempty open subsets Ui , Vi of Xi such that
Qm Qm
18
i=1 Ui ⊆ U and i=1 Vi ⊆ V . Since, for all i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , fi is T T++ , we have that, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m},
19 nfi (Ui , Vi ) is infinite. For every i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , let ki ∈ nfi (Ui , Vi ) . Then, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m},
20 fiki (Ui )
∩ Vi 6= ∅ . It follows that, for all i ∈ {1, . . . , m}, there exists ui ∈ Ui such that fiki (ui ) ∈ Vi . Let
Qm
21 k = max{k1 , . . . , km } . By Lemma 3.2, for every i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , fik (ui ) ∈ Vi . Then [ i=1 fi ]k ((u1 , . . . , um )) ∈

16
 ROJAS, BARRAGAN and MACÍAS/Turk J Math

Qm Qm Qm Qm
1 [ i=1 fi ]k ( i=1 Ui )∩ i=1 Vi . Consequently, [ i=1 fi ]k (U)∩V =
6 ∅. Therefore, k ∈ nQm
i=1 fi
(U, V) . Now, since,
0
2 for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m}, nfi (Ui , Vi ) is infinite, for every i ∈ {1, . . . , m}, we can take ki ∈ nfi (Ui , Vi ) such that
0 0 0
3 ki > k . Let k1 = max{k1 , . . . , km }. By Lemma 3.2, for every i ∈ {1, . . . , m}, fik1 (ui ) ∈ Vi . It follows that,
Qm Qm Qm Qm
4 ( i=1 fi )k1 ( i=1 Ui ) ∩ i=1 Vi 6= ∅. Consequently, ( i=1 fi )k1 (U) ∩ V = 6 ∅. Therefore, k1 ∈ nQm i=1 fi
(U, V)
5 and k1 > k . Continuing with this process, we have that nQm
i=1 fi
(U, V) is an infinite set. Since U and V are
Qm
6 arbitrary, we have that, the function i=1 fi is T T++ .
7 Suppose that, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , fi is Touhey. Let U and V be two nonempty open subsets
Qm
8 of i=1 Xi . Then, for every i ∈ {1, . . . , m}, there exist two nonempty open subsets Ui and Vi of Xi such
Qm Qm
9 that i=1 Ui ⊆ U and i=1 Vi ⊆ V . Since, for all i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , fi is Touhey, for each pair of nonempty
10 open subsets Ui and Vi , there exist a periodic point xi ∈ Ui and ki ∈ Z+ such that fiki (xi ) ∈ Vi . Let
11 k = max{k1 , . . . , km } . Then, by Lemma 3.2, we have that for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , fik (xi ) ∈ Vi . By Theorem
Qm Qm
12 3.3, part (4), we obtain that (x1 , . . . , xm ) is a periodic point of i=1 fi such that (x1 , . . . , xm ) ∈ i=1 Ui ⊆ U
Qm Qm Qm
13 and ( i=1 fi )k ((x1 , . . . , xm )) ∈ i=1 Vi ⊆ V . Therefore, i=1 fi is Touhey.
14 Suppose that, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , fi is an F-system. Then, for every i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , fi is totally
Qm
15 transitive and P er(fi ) is dense in Xi . By the third paragraph of the proof of this theorem, we have that i=1 fi
Qm Qm Qm
16 is totally transitive. Also, by Theorem 3.15, we know that P er( i=1 fi ) is dense in i=1 Xi . Therefore, i=1 fi
17 is an F-system.
18 Suppose that, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , fi is mild mixing. Let Y be a topological space, let g : Y → Y be
19 a transitive function. By hypothesis, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m}, fi ×g is transitive. Since, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m} ,
Qm Qm
20 Xi is +invariant over open subsets under fi , by Lemma 4.8, ( i=1 fi ) × g is transitive. Therefore, i=1 fi is
21 mild mixing.
22 Suppose that, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , fi is scattering. Let Y be a topological space and let g : Y → Y be
23 a minimal function. By hypothesis, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m}, fi × g is transitive. Since, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m} ,
Qm Qm
24 Xi is +invariant over open subsets under fi , by Lemma 4.8, ( i=1 fi ) × g is transitive. Therefore, i=1 fi is
25 scattering. 2

26 Proposition 4.11 Let X1 , . . . , Xm be topological spaces and, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m}, let fi : Xi → Xi be a
27 continuous function. If for every i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , fi is minimal and Xi is +invariant over open subsets under
Qm
28 fi , then i=1 fi is minimal.

29 Proof Suppose that, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , fi is minimal and Xi is + invariant over open subsets
Qm
30 under fi . By hypothesis, we have that i=1 fi is a continuous function. Thus, it is sufficient to show
Qm Qm Qm
31 that, for all (x1 , . . . , xm ) ∈ i=1 Xi , cl i=1 Xi (O((x1 , . . . , xm ), i=1 fi )) = i=1 Xi . Let (x1 , . . . , xm ) ∈
Q m

Qm
32
i=1 Xi . Since, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m}, fi is minimal, we have that clXi (O(xi , fi )) = Xi . Since, for
33 every i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , Xi is +invariant over open subsets under fi , by Theorem 3.7, part (2), we have that
Qm Qm Qm Qm
34 clQm
i=1 Xi
(O((x1 , . . . , xm ), i=1 fi )) = i=1 Xi . Thus, since i=1 fi is continuous, we have that i=1 fi is
35 minimal. 2

36 Corollary 4.12 Let X1 , . . . , Xm be topological spaces and for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , let fi : Xi → Xi be a

17
 ROJAS, BARRAGAN and MACÍAS/Turk J Math

1 continuous function. If for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , fi is totally minimal and Xi is +invariant over open subsets
Qm
2 under fi , then i=1 fi is totally minimal.

3 Proof Let s ∈ N. By hypothesis, for every i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , fis is minimal and continuous. Thus, by
Qm Qm
4 Proposition 4.11, i=1 fis is minimal. Then, by Remark 3.1, part (1), ( i=1 fi )s is minimal. Finally, since
Qm
5 s ∈ N is arbitrary, we have that i=1 fi is totally minimal. 2

6 5. Dynamic properties of n -fold symmetric product of a product space.

7 Let X1 , . . . , Xm be topological spaces. In this section we analyze some topological and dynamical properties of
Qm
8 the hyperspace Fn ( i=1 Xi ) and their relationships with the spaces Fn (Xi ) and Xi , for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m} .

9 Lemma 5.1 Let X1 , . . . , Xm be topological spaces, let i0 ∈ {1, . . . , m} , let n ∈ N, let {a1 , . . . , ar } ∈ Fn (Xi0 )
10 with r ≤ n , and let U1 , . . . , Un be nonempty open subsets of Xi0 such that {a1 , . . . , ar } ∈ hU1 , . . . , Un i. For
11 each i ∈ {1, . . . , m}\{i0 } and for every l ∈ {1, . . . , r} , let ali ∈ Xi and let ali0 = al .
Qm
12 1. If, for each l ∈ {1, . . . , r}, bl = (al1 , . . . , ali0 , . . . , alm ) , then {b1 , . . . , br } ∈ Fn ( i=1 Xi ).

13 2. If, for every i ∈ {1, . . . , m}\{i0 } and for each j ∈ {1, . . . , n} , Vij = Xi and Vij0 = Uj , then {b1 , . . . , br } ∈
0 0 0 Qm
14 hU1 , . . . , Un i , where, for all j ∈ {1, . . . , n} , Uj = i=1 Vij .

15 Proof It is not difficult to see that (1) is satisfied. We show that (2) is true. Let p ∈ {1, . . . , r} .
16 Since {a1 , . . . , ar } ∈ hU1 , . . . , Un i , there exists j0 ∈ {1, . . . , n} such that ap = apj0
∈ Uj0 . Thus, bp =
m 0 n 0 Sn 0
(ap1 , . . . , api0 , . . . , apm ) ∈ i=1 Vij0 = Uj0 . Therefore, bp ∈ j=1 Uj . Consequently, {b1 , . . . , br } ⊆ j=1 Uj . Now,
Q S
17

0 0 Qm
18 we will prove that, for each j ∈ {1, . . . , n}, {b1 , . . . , br } ∩ Uj 6= ∅ . Let k ∈ {1, . . . , n} . Then, Uk = i=1 Vik .
0
19 Since {a1 , . . . , ar } ∩ Uk 6= ∅ , there exists l0 ∈ {1, . . . , r} such that al0 ∈ Uk . Hence, (ak1 , . . . , al0 , . . . , akm ) ∈ Uk .
0 0 0
20 Consequently, for each j ∈ {1, . . . , n}, {b1 , . . . , br } ∩ Uj 6= ∅ . Therefore, {b1 , . . . , br } ∈ hU1 , . . . , Un i. 2

21 Lemma 5.2 Let X1 , . . . , Xm be topological spaces, let l, n ∈ N be such that l ≤ n , for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m} ,
Qm
22 let U1i , . . . , Uni be nonempty open subsets of Xi , and for every j ∈ {1, . . . , l} , let (xj1 , . . . , xjm ) ∈ i=1 Xi .
Qm Qm
23 If {(xj1 , . . . , xjm ) : j ∈ {1, . . . , l}} ∈ h i=1 U1i , . . . , i=1 Uni i, then, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , {x1i , . . . , xli } ∈
24 hU1i , . . . , Uni i.

25 Proof Let i0 ∈ {1, . . . , m}. We will show that {x1i0 , . . . , xli0 } ∈ hU1i0 , . . . , Uni0 i . First we will prove
Sn
26 that {x1i0 , . . . , xli0 } ⊆ j=1 Uji0 . Let k ∈ {1, . . . , l} . By hypothesis, there exists s ∈ {1, . . . , n} such that
Qm Sn Sn
27 (xk1 , . . . , xkm ) ∈ p=1 Usp . Then xki0 ∈ Usi0 . Thus, xki0 ∈ j=1 Uji0 . Therefore, {x1i0 , . . . , xli0 } ⊆ j=1 Uji0 .
28 Now we will see that, for each j ∈ {1, . . . , n} , {x1i0 , . . . , xli0 } ∩ Uji0 6= ∅ . Let p ∈ {1, . . . , n} . By
Qm
29 hypothesis, {(xj1 , . . . , xjm ) : j ∈ {1, . . . , l}} ∩ i=1 Upi 6= ∅ . Thus, there exists j ∈ {1, . . . , l} such that
Qm
30 (xj1 , . . . , xjm ) ∈ i=1 Upi . Then, xji0 ∈ Upi0 . Hence, {x1i0 , . . . , xli0 } ∩ Upi0 6= ∅ . Because p ∈ {1, . . . , n} is arbitrary,
31 we have that, for every p ∈ {1, . . . , n} , {x1i0 , . . . , xli0 } ∩ Upi0 6= ∅ . Therefore, {x1i0 , . . . , xli0 } ∈ hU1i0 , . . . , Uni0 i.
32 Finally, since i0 ∈ {1, . . . , m} is arbitrary, we have that, for all i ∈ {1, . . . , m}, {x1i , . . . , xli } ∈ hU1i , . . . , Uni i . 2

18
 ROJAS, BARRAGAN and MACÍAS/Turk J Math

Lemma 5.3 Let X1 , . . . , Xm be topological spaces, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , let fi : Xi → Xi be a function, let
n ∈ N and let U1i , . . . , Uni , V1i , . . . , Vni be nonempty open subsets of Xi . Then, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m} :
*m m
+ *m m
+!
Y Y Y Y
nFn (Qm
i=1 fi )
U1i , . . . , Uni , i
V1 , . . . , i
Vn ⊆ nFn (fi ) (hU1i , . . . , Uni i, hV1i , . . . , Vni i).
i=1 i=1 i=1 i=1

Qm Qm Qm Qm
Proof Let k ∈ nFn (Qm
i=1 fi )
(h i=1 U1i , . . . , i=1 Uni i, h i=1 V1i , . . . , i=1 Vni i) . Then

m
!!k *m m
+! *m m
+
Y Y Y Y Y
Fn fi U1i , . . . , Uni ∩ V1i , . . . , Vni 6= ∅.
i=1 i=1 i=1 i=1 i=1

Qm Qm
Now, let l ≤ n and let {(xj1 , . . . , xjm ) : j ∈ {1, . . . , l}} ∈ h i=1 U1i , . . . , i=1 Uni i, such that:

m
!!k *m m
+
Y Y Y
Fn fi ({xj1 , . . . , xjm ) : j ∈ {1, . . . , l}}) ∈ V1i , . . . , Vni .
i=1 i=1 i=1

Qm Qm
1 By Remark 3.1, parts (1) and (2), we have that {(f1k (xj1 ), . . . , fm
k
(xjm )) : j ∈ {1, . . . , l}} ∈ h i=1 V1i , . . . , i=1 Vni i.
2 Thus, by Lemma 5.2, for every i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , {x1i , . . . , xli } ∈ hU1i , . . . , Uni i and {fik (x1i ), . . . , fik (xli )} ∈
3 hV1i , . . . , Vni i . Hence, for all i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , (Fn (fi ))k ({x1i , . . . , xli }) ∈ (Fn (fi ))k (hU1i , . . . , Uni i) ∩ hV1i , . . . , Vni i .
4 Therefore, for every i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , k ∈ nFn (fi ) (hU1i , . . . , Uni i, hV1i , . . . , Vni i) . 2

5 By Corollary 3.8 and by [4, Theorem 3.14], we have the following result.

6 Proposition 5.4 Let X1 , . . . , Xm be topological spaces, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m}, let fi : Xi → Xi be a function,
7 and let n ∈ N . Then the following hold:
Qn
8 1. For each i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , Fn (Xi ) is perfect if and only if i=1 Xi is perfect.
Qm
9 2. For each i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , Xi is perfect if and only if Fn ( i=1 Xi ) is perfect.
Qm
10 3. For each i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , Fn (Xi ) is perfect if and only if Fn ( i=1 Xi ) is perfect.

11 By Theorem 3.9 and [4, Theorem 3.8], we have the following result.

12 Proposition 5.5 Let X1 , . . . , Xm be topological spaces and let n ∈ N . Then the following hold:
Qm
13 1. For each i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , Xi is pseudo-regular if and only if Fn ( i=1 Xi ) is pseudo-regular.
Qm
14 2. For every i ∈ {1, . . . , m}, Fn (Xi ) is pseudo-regular if and only if i=1 Xi is pseudo-regular.

15 Theorem 5.6 Let X1 , . . . , Xm be topological spaces, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , let fi : Xi → Xi be a function,
Qm
16 and let l, n ∈ N be such that l ≤ n . If A = {(xj1 , . . . , xjm ) : j ∈ {1, . . . , l}} ∈ Fn ( i=1 Xi ) is a transitive point
Qm
17 of Fn ( i=1 fi ) , then, for every i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , {x1i , . . . , xli } is a transitive point of Fn (fi ) .

19
 ROJAS, BARRAGAN and MACÍAS/Turk J Math

Qm
1 Proof Suppose that A is a transitive point of Fn ( i=1 fi ) . Let i0 ∈ {1, . . . , m} and let U be a nonempty
2 open subset of Fn (Xi0 ) . Hence, by [10, Lemma 4.2], there exist nonempty open subsets U1 , . . . , Un of Xi0
3 such that hU1 , . . . , Un i ⊆ U . For each i ∈ {1, . . . , m}\{i0 } and for every j ∈ {1, . . . , n} , let Vij = Xi and
0 Qn 0 0
4 Vij0 = Uj . Then, for all j ∈ {1, . . . , n}, let Uj = i=1 Vij . Thus, hU1 , . . . , Un i is a nonempty open subset
Qm 0 0 Qm
5 of Fn ( i=1 Xi ) . By hypothesis, hU1 , . . . , Un i ∩ O(A, Fn ( i=1 fi )) 6= ∅. In consequence, there exists k ∈ N
Qm 0 0 0 0
6 such that [Fn ( i=1 fi )]k (A) ∈ hU1 , . . . , Un i. Then {(f1k (xj1 ), . . . , fnk (xjm )) : j ∈ {1, . . . , l}} ∈ hU1 , . . . , Un i.
7 By Lemma 5.2, we have that {fik0 (x1i0 ), . . . , fik0 (xli0 )} ∈ hU1 , . . . , Un i. Hence, [Fn (fi0 )]k ({x1i0 , . . . , xli0 }) ∈
8 hU1 , . . . , Un i ⊆ U and U ∩ O({x1i0 , . . . , xli0 }, Fn (f )) 6= ∅ . Therefore, {x1i0 , . . . , xli0 } is a transitive point of
9 Fn (fi0 ) . Because i0 ∈ {1, . . . , m} is arbitrary, we have that, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , {x1i , . . . , xli } is a transitive
10 point of Fn (fi ) . 2

11 Theorem 5.7 Let X1 , . . . , Xm be topological spaces, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m}, let fi : Xi → Xi be a function, let
Qm Qm
12 l, n ∈ N be such that l ≤ n , and let A = {(xj1 , . . . , xjm ) : j ∈ {1, . . . , l}} ∈ Fn ( i=1 Xi ) . If ω(A, Fn ( i=1 fi )) =
Qm
13 Fn ( i=1 Xi ), then, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , ω({x1i , . . . , xli }, Fn (fi )) = Fn (Xi ).
Qm Qm
14 Proof Suppose that ω(A, Fn ( i=1 fi )) = Fn ( i=1 Xi ) . Let i0 ∈ {1, . . . , m} . Now we show that
15 ω({x1i0 , . . . , xli0 }, Fn (fi0 )) = Fn (Xi0 ) . Let {a1 , . . . , ar } ∈ Fn (Xi0 ) with r ≤ n , let U be an open sub-
16 set of Fn (Xi0 ) such that {a1 , . . . , ar } ∈ U and let k ∈ N. By [10, Lemma 4.2], there exist nonempty
17 open subsets U1 , . . . , Un of Xi0 such that {a1 , . . . , ar } ∈ hU1 , . . . , Un i ⊆ U . For each l ∈ {1, . . . , r}
18 and for every i ∈ {1, . . . , m}\{i0 } , let ali ∈ Xi and let ali0 = al . Then, for all l ∈ {1, . . . , r} , let
0
19 al = (al1 , . . . , alm ) . On the other hand, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m}\{i0 } and for every j ∈ {1, . . . , n}, let
0 Qm
20 Vij = Xi and Vij0 = Uj . Finally, for all j ∈ {1, . . . , n} , let Uj = i=1 Vij . By Lemma 5.1, part (1),
0 0 Qm 0 0 Qm
21 {a1 , . . . , ar } ∈ Fn ( i=1 Xi ) . Hence, by hypothesis, {a1 , . . . , ar } ∈ ω(A, Fn ( i=1 fi )) . By Lemma 5.1, part
0 0 0 0 Qm 0 0
22 (2), {a1 , . . . , ar } ∈ hU1 , . . . , Un i . Thus, there exists s ≥ k , such that [Fn ( i=1 fi )]s (A) ∈ hU1 , . . . , Un i. By
0 0
23 Remark 3.1, parts (1) and (2), we have that {(f1s (xp1 ), . . . , fis0 (xpi0 ), . . . , fm
s
(xpm )) : p ∈ {1, . . . , l}} ∈ hU1 , . . . , Un i.
24 By Lemma 5.2, {fis0 (x1i0 ), . . . , fis0 (xli0 )} ∈ hU1 , · · · , Un i . Thus, [Fn (fi0 )]s ({x1i0 , . . . , xli0 }) ∈ hU1 , . . . , Un i ⊆ U.
25 Then {a1 , . . . , ar } ∈ ω({x1i0 , . . . , xli0 }, Fn (fi0 )) . Thus, ω({x1i0 , . . . , xli0 }, Fn (fi0 )) = Fn (Xi0 ) . 2
26 By Theorem 3.15 and [4, Theorem 3.4], we have the following result.

27 Theorem 5.8 Let X1 , . . . , Xm be topological spaces, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m}, let fi : Xi → Xi be a function,
28 and let n ∈ N. Then the following hold:
Qm Qm
29 1. For every i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , P er(fi ) is dense in Xi if and only if P er(Fn ( i=1 fi )) is dense in Fn ( i=1 Xi ).
Qm Qm
30 2. For each i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , P er(Fn (fi )) is dense in Fn (Xi ) if and only if P er( i=1 fi ) is dense in i=1 Xi .

31 By Proposition 3.10 and [4, Theorem 3.3], we have the following result.

32 Proposition 5.9 Let X1 , . . . , Xm be topological spaces, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , let fi : Xi → Xi be a function,
33 and let n ∈ N. Then the following hold:

20
 ROJAS, BARRAGAN and MACÍAS/Turk J Math

Qm
1 1. For every i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , Ui is +invariant under fi if and only if h i=1 Ui i is +invariant under
Qm
2 Fn ( i=1 fi ) .
Qm
3 2. For each i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , hUi i is +invariant under Fn (fi ) if and only if i=1 Ui is +invariant under
Qm
4
i=1 fi .

5 6. Induced functions to n -fold symmetric products of product spaces

6 Let X1 , . . . , Xm be topological spaces and, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , let fi : Xi → Xi be a function. In this
Qm
7 section we analyze the relationships between the functions Fn ( i=1 fi ) , Fn (fi ) and fi , for every i ∈ {1, . . . , m} ,
8 when any of this is: exact, mixing, transitive, weakly mixing, totally transitive, strongly transitive, chaotic,
9 minimal, totally minimal, orbit-transitive, strictly orbit-transitive, ω -transitive, T T++ , mild mixing, exactly
10 Devaney chaotic, backward minimal, scattering, Touhey or an F -system.

11 Theorem 6.1 Let X, Y be topological spaces, let f : X → X , g : Y → Y be functions and let n ∈ N. If

12 Fn (f ) × g is transitive, then f × g is transitive.

13 Proof Suppose that, Fn (f ) × g is transitive. Let U, V be two nonempty open subsets of X × Y . Then
14 there exist nonempty open subsets U1 , U2 of X and V1 , V2 of Y such that U1 × V1 ⊆ U and U2 × V2 ⊆ V .
15 Thus, hU1 i and hU2 i are nonempty open subsets of Fn (X) . By hypothesis, there exists k ∈ N such that
16 (Fn (f ) × g)k (hU1 i × V2 ) ∩ (hU2 i × V2 ) 6= ∅ . It follows that, there exists ({x1 , . . . , xr }, v1 ) ∈ hU1 i × V2
17 such that [Fn (f ) × g]k (({x1 , . . . , xr }, v1 )) ∈ hU2 i × V2 . Let x ∈ {x1 , . . . , xr }. We have that, x ∈ U1 and
18 f k (x) ∈ U2 . Consequently, for each x ∈ {x1 , . . . , xr } , (x, v1 ) ∈ U1 × V1 and (f × g)k ((x, v1 )) ∈ U2 × V2 . Thus,
19 (f × g)k (U) ∩ V 6= ∅ and f × g is transitive. 2
20 The proof of Proposition 6.2 is followed by [4, Theorems 3.4 and 4.10].

21 Proposition 6.2 Let X be a topological space, let f : X → X be a function, and let n ∈ N. Then f is exactly
22 Devaney chaotic if and only if Fn (f ) is exactly Devaney chaotic.

23 Theorem 6.3 Let X be a topological space, let f : X → X be a function and let n ∈ N. Let M be one of
24 the following classes of functions: Touhey, an F-system, backward minimal, totally minimal, mild mixing or
25 scattering. If Fn (f ) ∈ M, then f ∈ M.

26 Proof Suppose that Fn (f ) is Touhey. Let U, V be nonempty open subsets of X . Hence, hU i and hV i are
27 nonempty open subsets of Fn (X) . Since Fn (f ) is Touhey, there exist a periodic point {x1 , . . . , xr } ∈ hU i and
28 k ∈ Z+ such that [Fn (f )]k ({x1 , . . . , xr }) ∈ hV i . Then, by [4, Theorem 3.4], for each i ∈ {1, . . . , r}, xi is a
29 periodic point of f . Furthermore, for every i ∈ {1, . . . , r} , xi ∈ U and f k (xi ) ∈ V . Therefore, f is Touhey.
30 Suppose that Fn (f ) is an F-system. Then Fn (f ) is totally transitive and P er(Fn (f )) is dense in Fn (X) .
31 Thus, by [4, Theorem 4.14], f is totally transitive and, by [4, Theorem 3.4], P er(f ) is dense in X . Therefore,
32 f is an F-system.
33 Suppose that Fn (f ) is backward minimal. Let x ∈ X and let U be a nonempty open subset of X .
34 Then hU i is a nonempty open subset of Fn (X) and {x} ∈ Fn (X) . Since Fn (f ) is backward minimal, the set
35 {A ∈ Fn (X) : (Fn (f ))l (A) = {x}, for some l ∈ N} , is dense in Fn (X) . Thus, there exist {x1 , . . . , xr } ∈ hU i and

21
 ROJAS, BARRAGAN and MACÍAS/Turk J Math

1 l ∈ N such that [Fn (f )]l ({x1 , . . . , xr }) = {x}. It follows that, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , r} , xi ∈ U and f l (xi ) = x .
2 Thus, {y ∈ X : f l (y) = x, for some l ∈ N} ∩ U 6= ∅ . Therefore, the set {y ∈ X : f l (y) = x, for some l ∈ N} is
3 dense in X . Because x ∈ X is arbitrary, we have that, f is backward minimal.
4 Suppose that Fn (f ) is totally minimal. Let s ∈ N . By hypothesis, (Fn (f ))s is minimal. Then, by
5 Remark 3.1, part (1), Fn (f s ) is minimal. Hence, by [4, Theorem 4.18], f s is minimal.
6 Suppose that Fn (f ) is mild mixing. Let Y be a topological space and let g : Y → Y be a transitive
7 function. By hypothesis, Fn (f ) × g is transitive. Thus, by Theorem 6.1, f × g is transitive. Therefore, f is
8 mild mixing.
9 Suppose that Fn (f ) is scattering. Let Y be a topological space, let g : Y → Y be a minimal function.
10 By hypothesis, Fn (f ) × g is transitive. By Theorem 6.1, f × g is transitive. Therefore, f is scattering. 2
11 The converse of Theorem 6.3 is not true in general. Let us see a partial example of this in the following:

12 Example 6.4 Let X = [0, 1] and let f : X → X be a function given by:

 2x + 12 , if x ∈ [0, 14 ];

3
f (x) = − 2x, if x ∈ [ 14 , 21 ];
 2
1 − x, if x ∈ [ 12 , 1].

13 In [10, Example 4.10] is show that f is a chaotic function, however, the function Fn (f ) is not chaotic. On the
14 other hand, observe that f is a continuous function. Thus, by [18, Proposition 2.6], f is Touhey. If we suppose
15 that Fn (f ) is Touhey, again, by [18, Proposition 2.6], Fn (f ) is a chaotic function, which is a contradiction.
16 Therefore, Fn (f ) is not Touhey.

17 Theorem 6.5 Let X, Y be topological spaces, let f : X → X , g : Y → Y be functions and let n ∈ N . If X is

18 +invariant over open subsets under f and f × g is transitive, then Fn (f ) × g is transitive.

19 Proof Suppose that X is + invariant over open subsets under f and f × g is transitive. Let U and V be two
20 nonempty open subsets of Fn (X) × Y . Then there exist nonempty open subsets U1 , U2 of Fn (X) and V1 , V2
21 of Y such that U1 × V1 ⊆ U and U2 × V2 ⊆ V . By [10, Lemma 4.2], there exist a nonempty open subsets
22 U11 . . . , Un1 , U12 , . . . , Un2 of X such that hU11 , . . . , Un1 i ⊆ U1 and hU12 , . . . , Un2 i ⊆ U2 . Since f × g is transitive,
23 for each i ∈ {1, . . . , n} , there exists ki ∈ N such that (f × g)ki (Ui1 × V1 ) ∩ (Ui2 × V2 ) 6= ∅. Hence, for every
24 i ∈ {1, . . . , n} , there exists (ui , vi ) ∈ Ui1 × V1 such that (f × g)ki (ui , vi ) ∈ Ui2 × V2 . It follows that, for all
25 i ∈ {1, . . . , n} , f ki (ui ) ∈ Ui2 . Let k = max{k1 , . . . , kn }. By Lemma 3.2, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , n}, f k (ui ) ∈ Ui2 .
26 Consequently, {f k (u1 ), . . . , f k (un )} ∈ hU12 , . . . , Un2 i which means that, [Fn (f )]k ({u1 , . . . , un }) ∈ hU12 , . . . , Un2 i .
27 Also, {u1 , . . . , un } ∈ hU11 , . . . , Un1 i . Suppose that k = ki0 , where i0 ∈ {1, . . . , n} , and let v = vi0 . Then
28 g k (v) ∈ V2 and v ∈ V1 . Finally, [Fn (f ) × g]k (({u1 , . . . , un }, v)) ∈ hU12 , . . . , Un2 i × V2 and ({u1 , . . . , un }, v) ∈
29 hU11 , . . . , Un1 i × V2 . Therefore, [Fn (f ) × g]k (U) ∩ V 6= ∅ and Fn (f ) × g is transitive. 2

30 Theorem 6.6 Let X be a topological space, let f : X → X be a function, and let n ∈ N . Let M be one of
31 the following classes of function: transitive, totally transitive, chaotic, Touhey, an F-system, mild mixing or
32 scattering. Then, if f ∈ M and X is +invariant over open subsets under f , then Fn (f ) ∈ M.

22
 ROJAS, BARRAGAN and MACÍAS/Turk J Math

1 Proof Suppose that f is transitive. Let U and V be two nonempty open subsets of Fn (X) . Thence, by [10,
2 Lemma 4.2], there exist nonempty open subsets U1 , . . . , Un , V1 , . . . , Vn of X such that hU1 , . . . , Un in ⊆ U and
3 hV1 , . . . , Vn in ⊆ V . Since f is transitive, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , n} , there exists ki ∈ N such that f ki (Ui ) ∩ Vi 6= ∅ .
4 Then, for every i ∈ {1, . . . , n} , there exists ui ∈ Ui such that f ki (ui ) ∈ Vi . Let k = max{k1 , . . . , kn } .
5 By Lemma 3.2, for all i ∈ {1, . . . , n} , f k (ui ) ∈ Vi . It follows that, {u1 , . . . , un } ∈ hU1 , . . . , Un i and
k k
6 [Fn (f )] ({u1 , . . . , un }) ∈ hV1 , . . . , Vn i. Therefore, [Fn (f )] (U) ∩ V 6= ∅ and Fn (f ) is transitive.
7 Suppose that f is totally transitive. Let s ∈ N and let U , V be two nonempty open subsets of Fn (X) .
8 Then by [10, Lemma 4.2], we have that, there exist nonempty open subsets U1 , . . . , Un , V1 , . . . , Vn of X such
9 that, hU1 , . . . , Un i ⊆ U and hV1 , . . . , Vn i ⊆ V . Since f s is transitive, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , n} , there exists
10 ki ∈ N such that (f s )ki (Ui ) ∩ Vi 6= ∅ . For every i ∈ {1, . . . , n} , let ui ∈ Ui such that (f s )ki (ui ) ∈ Vi . Let k =
11 max{k1 , . . . .kn } . Thus, by Lemma 3.2, for all i ∈ {1, . . . , n} , (f s )k (ui ) ∈ Vi . Thus, {u1 , . . . , un } ∈ hU1 , . . . , Un i
12 and {(f s )k (u1 ), . . . , (f s )k (un )} ∈ hV1 , . . . , Vn i . So, ([Fn (f )]s )k ({u1 , . . . , un }) ∈ hV1 , . . . , Vn i. It follows that,
13 ([Fn (f )]s )k (U) ∩ V =
6 ∅. Consequently, [Fn (f )]s is transitive. Finally, because s is arbitrary, we have that
14 Fn (f ) is totally transitive.
15 Suppose that f is chaotic. Then f is transitive and P er(f ) is dense in X . Thus, by [4, Theorem 3.4],
16 we have that P er(Fn (f )) is dense in Fn (X) . Also, by the first part of this proof, if f is transitive then Fn (f )
17 is transitive. Therefore, Fn (f ) is chaotic.
18 Suppose that f is Touhey. Let U , V be two nonempty open subsets of Fn (X) . Then, by [10,
19 Lemma 4.2], there exist nonempty open subsets U1 , . . . , Un , V1 , . . . , Vn of X such that hU1 , . . . , Un i ⊆ U
20 and hV1 , . . . , Vn i ⊆ V . Since f is Touhey, for every i ∈ {1, . . . , n}, there exist a periodic point xi ∈ Ui and
21 ki ∈ Z+ such that f ki (xi ) ∈ Vi . Let k = max{k1 , . . . , kn }. Then, by Lemma 3.2, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , n} ,
22 f k (xi ) ∈ Vi . Consequently, [Fn (f )]k ({x1 , . . . , xn }) ∈ hV1 , . . . , Vn i. Furthermore, {x1 , . . . , xn } ∈ hU1 , . . . , Un i .
23 On the other hand, since, for all i ∈ {1, . . . , n} , xi is a periodic point of fi , by [4, Theorem 3.4], {x1 , . . . , xn }
24 is a periodic point of Fn (f ) . Therefore, Fn (f ) is Touhey.
25 Suppose that f is an F-system. Then f is totally transitive and P er(f ) is dense in X . Thus, by the
26 second part of this proof, we have that Fn (f ) is totally transitive. Also, by [4, Theorem 3.4], P er(Fn (f )) is
27 dense. Therefore, Fn (f ) is an F-system.
28 Suppose that f is mild mixing. Let Y be a topological space and let g : Y → Y be a transitive function.
29 By hypothesis, f ×g is transitive. Since X is + invariant over open subsets under f , by Theorem 6.5, Fn (f )×g
30 is transitive. Therefore Fn (f ) is mild mixing.
31 Suppose that f is scattering. Let Y be a topological space, let g : Y → Y be a minimal function. By
32 hypothesis, f × g is transitive. Since, X is + invariant over open subsets under f , by Theorem 6.5, Fn (f ) × g
33 is transitive. Therefore Fn (f ) is scattering. 2

34 Theorem 6.7 Let X be a topological space, let f : X → X be a continuous function and let n ∈ N. If f is
35 minimal and X is +invariant over open subsets under f , then Fn (f ) is minimal.

36 Proof Suppose that f is minimal and that X is +invariant over open subsets under f . Since f is a
37 continuous function, by [4, Theorem 6.1] Fn (f ) is a continuous function. Thus, to show that Fn (f ) is minimal,
38 by [15, Proposition 6.2], we need to prove that, for each A ∈ Fn (X) , clFn (X) (O(A, Fn (f ))) = Fn (X). Let

23
 ROJAS, BARRAGAN and MACÍAS/Turk J Math

1 {x1 , . . . , xr } ∈ Fn (X) . Since f is minimal, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m}, clX (O(xi , f )) = X . Let U be a nonempty
2 open subset of Fn (X) . Then, by [10, Lemma 4.2], there exist nonempty open subsets U1 , . . . , Un of X such
3 that hU1 , . . . , Un i ⊆ U . Consider the following cases:
4 Case (i): r = n . In this case, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , n} , there exists ki ∈ N such that f ki (xi ) ∈ Ui .
5 Let k = max{k1 , . . . , kn } . Then, by Lemma 3.2, we have that, for every i ∈ {1, . . . , n} , f k (xi ) ∈ Ui .
6 Thus, [Fn (f )]k ({x1 , . . . , xr }) ∈ hU1 , . . . , Un i . This implies that O({x1 , . . . , xr }, Fn (f )) ∩ U =
6 ∅ . Therefore,
7 clFn (X) (O({x1 , . . . , xr }, Fn (f ))) = Fn (X) . Finally, since {x1 , . . . , xr } ∈ Fn (X) is arbitrary, we have that
8 Fn (f ) is minimal.
9 Case (ii): r < n . In this case, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , r} , O(xi , f ) ∩ Ui 6= ∅ and for every j ∈ {r + 1, . . . , n} ,
10 O(xr , f ) ∩ Uj 6= ∅ . Then, for all i ∈ {1, . . . , r} , there exists ki ∈ N such that f ki (xi ) ∈ Ui and for each j ∈
11 {r + 1, . . . , n}, there exists kj ∈ N such that f kj (xr ) ∈ Uj . Let k = max{k1 , . . . , kn } . Then, by Lemma 3.2, for
12 every i ∈ {1, . . . , r}, f k (xi ) ∈ Ui and for all i ∈ {1, . . . , n}, f k (xr ) ∈ Ui . It follows that, {f k (x1 ), . . . , f k (xr )} ∈
13 hU1 , . . . , Un i ⊆ U . Consequently, [Fn (f )]k ({x1 , . . . , xr }) ∈ U . Thus, O({x1 , . . . , xr }, Fn (f ))∩U =
6 ∅ . Therefore,
14 clFn (X) (O({x1 , . . . , xr }, Fn (f ))) = Fn (X) . Because {x1 , . . . , xr } ∈ Fn (X) is arbitrary, Fn (f ) is minimal. 2

15 Proposition 6.8 Let X be a topological space, let f : X → X be a continuous function, and let n ∈ N. If f
16 is totally minimal and X is +invariant over open subsets under f , then Fn (f ) is totally minimal.

17 Proof Let s ∈ N. By hypothesis, f s is minimal and continuous. Hence, by Theorem 6.7, Fn (f s ) is minimal.
18 Then, by Remark 3.1, part (1), (Fn (f ))s is minimal. Since s ∈ N is arbitrary, we have that Fn (f ) is totally
19 minimal. 2

20 Theorem 6.9 Let X1 , . . . , Xm be topological spaces, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , let fi : Xi → Xi be a function,
21 and let n ∈ N . Then the following hold:
Qm
22 1. Fn ( i=1 fi ) is exact if and only if, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , Fn (fi ) is exact.
Qm
23 2. Fn ( i=1 fi ) is exact if and only if, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m}, fi is exact.
Qm
24 Proof Suppose that Fn ( i=1 fi ) is exact. Let i0 ∈ {1, . . . , m} and let U be a nonempty open subset of
25 Fn (Xi0 ) . By [10, Lemma 4.2], there exist nonempty open subsets U1 , . . . , Un of Xi0 such that hU1 , . . . , Un i ⊆ U .
26 For each i ∈ {1, . . . , m}\{i0 } and for every j ∈ {1, . . . , n}, let Uij = Xi and Uij0 = Uj . Also, for all
0 Qm 0 0 Qm
27 j ∈ {1, . . . , n} , let Uj = i=1 Uij . Note that hU1 , . . . , Un i is a nonempty open subset of Fn ( i=1 Xi ) .
Qm Qm k 0 0 Qm
28 Since Fn ( i=1 fi ) is exact, there exists k ∈ N such that [Fn ( i=1 fi )] (hU1 , . . . , Un i) = Fn ( i=1 Xi ) . Let
29 {x1 , . . . , xr } ∈ Fn (Xi0 ) , with r ≤ n . For each j ∈ {1, . . . , m}\{i0 } and for every l ∈ {1, . . . , r} let alj ∈ Xj
0 0 0
30 and let ali0 = xl . Finally, for all l ∈ {1, . . . , r} , let xl = (al1 , . . . , alm ) . By Lemma 5.1, part (1), {x1 , . . . , xr } ∈
Qm 0 0 Qm 0 0
31 Fn ( i=1 Xi ) . Then {x1 , . . . , xr } ∈ [Fn ( i=1 fi )]k (hU1 , . . . , Un i) . Thus, there exists {(bj1 , . . . , bjm ) : j ∈
0 0 Qm 0 0
32 {1, . . . , p}} ∈ hU1 , . . . , Un i such that [Fn ( i=1 fi )]k ({(bj1 , . . . , bjm ) : j ∈ {1, . . . , p}}) = {x1 , . . . , xr }. Hence,
33 {fik0 (b1i0 ), . . . , fik0 (bpi0 )} = {x1 , . . . , xr } . It follows that, [Fn (fi0 )]k ({b1i0 , . . . , bpi0 }) = {x1 , . . . , xr }. On the other
34 hand, by Lemma 5.2, {x1 , . . . , xr } ∈ [Fn (fi0 )]k (hU1 . . . , Un i) . Therefore, Fn (Xi0 ) = [Fn (fi0 )]k (U) and Fn (fi0 )
35 is exact.

24
 ROJAS, BARRAGAN and MACÍAS/Turk J Math

1 Suppose that, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m}, Fn (fi ) is exact. Then, by [4, Theorem 4.10], for every i ∈
Qm Qm
2 {1, . . . , m} , fi is exact. Thus, by Theorem 4.3, i=1 fi is exact. Finally, by [4, Theorem 4.10], Fn ( i=1 fi ) is
3 exact.
Qm Qm
4 Suppose that Fn ( i=1 fi ) is exact. By [4, Theorem 4.10], i=1 fi is exact. Then, by Theorem 4.3, for
5 each i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , fi is exact.
Qm
6 Finally, suppose that, for every i ∈ {1, . . . , m}, fi is exact. By Theorem 4.3, i=1 fi is exact. Then, by
Qm
7 [4, Theorem 4.10], Fn ( i=1 fi ) is exact. 2
8 By Theorems 6.2 and 4.5, we have the following result.

9 Theorem 6.10 Let X1 , . . . , Xm be topological spaces, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m} let fi : Xi → Xi be a function,
10 and let n ∈ N . Then the following are equivalent:

11 1. For each i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , fi is exactly Devaney chaotic.

Qm
12 2. Fn ( i=1 fi ) is exactly Devaney chaotic.

13 3. For every i ∈ {1, . . . , m}, Fn (fi ) is exactly Devaney chaotic.

14 By [4, Theorem 4.8] and Theorem 4.4, we have the following result.

15 Theorem 6.11 Let X1 , . . . , Xm be topological spaces, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m} let fi : Xi → Xi be a function
16 and let n ∈ N . Then the following are equivalent:

17 1. For each i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , fi is mixing.

Qm
18 2. Fn ( i=1 fi ) is mixing.

19 3. For every i ∈ {1, . . . , m}, Fn (fi ) is mixing.

20 Theorem 6.12 Let X1 , . . . , , Xm+1 be topological spaces, let n ∈ N and, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m + 1}, let
Qm
21 fi : Xi → Xi be a function. If Fn ( i=1 fi ) × fm+1 is transitive, then, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , Fn (fi ) × fm+1
22 is transitive.
Qm
23 Proof Suppose that Fn ( i=1 fi ) × fm+1 is transitive. Let i0 ∈ {1, . . . , m} and let U1 , U2 be two nonempty
24 open subsets of Fn (Xi0 ) × Xm+1 . Then there exist nonempty open subsets U , V of Fn (Xi0 ) and F1 , F2
25 of Xm+1 such that U × F1 ⊆ U1 and V × F2 ⊆ U2 . Thus, by [10, Lemma 4.2], there exist nonempty
26 open subsets U1 , . . . , Un , V1 , . . . , Vn of Xi0 such that hU1 , . . . , Un i ⊆ U and hV1 , . . . , Vn i ⊆ V . For each
27 i ∈ {1, . . . , m}\{i0 } and, for every j ∈ {1, . . . , n}, let Uij = Xi , Vij = Xi , Uij0 = Uj and Vij0 = Vj . Finally,
0 Qm 0 Qm 0 0 0 0
28 for all j ∈ {1, . . . , n} , let Uj = i=1 Uij and let Vj = i=1 Vij . It follows that, hU1 , . . . , Un i and hV1 , . . . , Vn i
Qm
29 are nonempty open subsets of Fn ( i=1 Xi ) . By hypothesis, we have that, there exists k ∈ N such that
Qm 0 0 0 0
30 [Fn ( i=1 fi ) × fm+1 ]k (hU1 , . . . , Un i × F1 ) ∩ (hV1 , . . . , Vn i × F2 ) 6= ∅ . Thus, there exists ({(xl1 , . . . , xlm ) : l ≤
0 0 Qm 0 0
31 n}, v1 ) ∈ hU1 , . . . , Un i × F1 such that [Fn ( i=1 fi ) × fm+1 ]k (({(xl1 , . . . , xlm ) : l ≤ n} × v1 )) ∈ hV1 , . . . , Vn i × F2 .
32 Then, by Lemma 5.2, {x1i0 , . . . , xli0 } ∈ hU1 , . . . , Un i and {fik0 (x1i0 ), . . . , fik0 (xli0 )} ∈ hV1 , . . . , Vn i. Hence, we have
33 that ({x1i0 , . . . , xli0 }, v1 ) ∈ hU1 , . . . , Un i × F1 and [Fn (fi0 ) × fm+1 ]k (({x1i0 , . . . , xli0 }, v1 )) ∈ hV1 , . . . , Vn i × F2 .
34 Therefore, [Fn (fi0 ) × fm+1 ]k (U1 ) ∩ (U2 ) 6= ∅ and hence Fn (fi0 ) × fm+1 is transitive. 2

25
 ROJAS, BARRAGAN and MACÍAS/Turk J Math

1 Theorem 6.13 Let X1 , . . . , Xm be topological spaces, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m} let fi : Xi → Xi be a function,
2 let n ∈ N, and let M be one of the following classes of functions: transitive, weakly mixing, totally transi-
3 tive, strongly transitive, chaotic, orbit-transitive, strictly orbit-transitive, ω -transitive, Touhey, an F-system,
Qm
4 backward minimal, mild mixing, scattering or T T++ . If Fn ( i=1 fi ) ∈ M, then, for every i ∈ {1, . . . , m} ,
5 Fn (fi ) ∈ M.
Qm
Proof Suppose that Fn ( i=1 fi ) is transitive. Let i0 ∈ {1, . . . , m} and let U , V be nonempty open subsets
of Fn (Xi0 ) . Then, by [10, Lemma 4.2], there exist nonempty open subsets U1 , . . . , Un , V1 , . . . , Vn of Xi0 such
that hU1 , . . . , Un i ⊆ U and hV1 , . . . , Vn i ⊆ V . For each i ∈ {1, . . . , m}\{i0 } and for every j ∈ {1, . . . , n} ,
0 Qm
let Uij = Xi , Uij0 = Uj , Vij = Xi and Vij0 = Vj . Finally, for all j ∈ {1, . . . , n} , let Uj = i=1 Ui
j

0 Qm 0 0 0 0 Qm
and Vj i=1 Vij . Note that hU1 , . . . , Un i and hV1 , . . . , Vn i are nonempty open subsets of Fn ( i=1 Xi ) . By
Qm k 0 0 0 0
hypothesis, there exists k ∈ N such that (Fn ( i=1 fi )) (hU1 , . . . , Un i) ∩ hV1 , . . . , Vn i 6= ∅. Hence, there exists
0 0
{(xj1 , . . . , xjm ) : j ∈ {1, . . . , r}} ∈ hU1 , . . . , Un i , with r ≤ n such that:

m
!!k
Y 0 0
Fn fi ({(xj1 , . . . , xjm ) : j ∈ {1, . . . , r}}) ∈ hV1 , . . . , Vn i.
i=1

0 0
6 By Remark 3.1, parts (1) and (2), {(f1k (xj1 ), . . . , fm
k
(xjm )) : j ∈ {1, . . . , r}} ∈ hV1 , . . . , Vn i . Consequently, by
7 Lemma 5.2, {fik0 (x1i0 ), . . . , fik0 (xri0 )} ∈ hV1 , . . . , Vn i . Which means that (Fn (fi0 ))k ({x1i0 , . . . , xri0 }) ∈ hV1 , . . . , Vn i.
8 On the other hand, {x1i0 , . . . , xri0 } ∈ hU1 , . . . , Un i . Thus, [Fn (fi0 )]k (hU1 , . . . , Un i) ∩ hV1 , . . . , Vn i =
6 ∅ . Therefore,
9 Fn (fi0 ) is transitive.
Qm
Suppose that Fn ( i=1 fi ) is weakly mixing. Let i0 ∈ {1, . . . , m} and let U1 , U2 , V1 and V2 be four
nonempty open subsets of Fn (Xi0 ) . Then, by [10, Lemma 4.2], there exist nonempty open subsets U11 , . . . , Un1 ,
U12 , . . . , Un2 , V11 , . . . , Vn1 , V12 , . . . , Vn2 of Xi0 such that hU11 , . . . , Un1 i ⊆ U1 , hU12 , . . . , Un2 i ⊆ U2 , hV11 , . . . , Vn1 i ⊆
V1 and hV12 , . . . , Vn2 i ⊆ V2 . For each i ∈ {1, . . . , m}\{i0 } and for every j ∈ {1, . . . , n}, let Wij = Xi ,
Tij = Xi , Fij = Xi , Lji = Xi , Wij0 = Uj1 , Tij0 = Uj2 , Fij0 = Vj1 and Lji0 = Vj2 . Also, for all j ∈
Qm Qm Qm Qm
{1, . . . , n}, let, Wj = i=1 Wij , Tj = i=1 Tij , Fj = i=1 Fij and Lj = i=1 Lji . Then, hW1 , . . . , Wn i ,
Qm
hT1 , . . . , Tn i, hF1 , . . . , Fn i and hL1 , . . . , Ln i are nonempty open subsets of Fn ( i=1 Xi ) . By hypothesis,
Qm Qm
(Fn ( i=1 fi ))k (hW1 , . . . , Wn i) ∩ hF1 , . . . , Fn i = 6 ∅ and (Fn ( i=1 fi ))k (hT1 , . . . , Tn i) ∩ hL1 , . . . , Ln i =
6 ∅ . Thus,
there exist {(xj1 , . . . , xjm ) : j ∈ {1, . . . , r}} ∈ hW1 , . . . , Wn i and {(y1j , . . . , ym
j
) : j ∈ {1, . . . , p}} ∈ hT1 , . . . , Tn i
such that:
m
!!k
Y
Fn fi ({(xj1 , . . . , xjm ) : j ∈ {1, . . . , r}}) ∈ hF1 , . . . , Fn i
i=1

and
m
!!k
Y
Fn fi ({(y1j , . . . , ym
j
) : j ∈ {1, . . . , p}}) ∈ hL1 , . . . , Ln i.
i=1

10 Thus, by Remark 3.1, parts (1) and (2), we have that {(f1k (xj1 ), . . . , fm
k
(xjm )) : j ∈ {1, . . . , r}} ∈ hF1 , . . . , Fn i and
11 {(f1k (y1j ), . . . , fm
k j
(ym )) : j ∈ {1, . . . , p}} ∈ hL1 , . . . , Ln i. By Lemma 5.2, it follows that {fik0 (x1i0 ), . . . , fik0 (xri0 )} ∈

26
 ROJAS, BARRAGAN and MACÍAS/Turk J Math

1 hV11 , . . . , Vn1 i and {fik0 (yi10 ), . . . , fik0 (yip0 )} ∈ hV12 , . . . , Vn2 i . Then (Fn (fi0 ))k ({x1i0 , . . . , xri0 }) ∈ hV11 , . . . , Vn1 i
2 and (Fn (fi0 ))k ({yi10 , . . . , yip0 }) ∈ hV12 , . . . , Vn2 i. Also, {x1i0 , . . . , xri0 } ∈ hU11 , . . . , Un1 i and {yi10 , . . . , yip0 } ∈
3 hU12 , . . . , Un2 i . Hence, we have that (Fn (fi0 ))k (hU11 , . . . , Un1 i) ∩ hV11 , . . . , Vn1 i =
6 ∅ and (Fn (fi0 ))k (hU12 , . . . , Un2 i) ∩
4 hV12 , . . . , Vn2 i =
6 ∅. It follows that, for each i ∈ {1, 2}, (Fn (fi0 ))k (Ui ) ∩ Vi 6= ∅. Finally, Fn (fi0 ) is weakly
5 mixing.
Qm
6 Suppose that Fn ( i=1 fi ) is totally transitive. Let i0 ∈ {1, . . . , m}, let s ∈ N and let U, V be
7 two nonempty open subsets of Fn (Xi0 ) . Then, by [10, Lemma 4.2], there exist nonempty open subsets
8 U1 , . . . , Un , V1 , . . . , Vn of Xi0 such that hU1 , . . . , Un i ⊆ U and hV1 , . . . , Vn i ⊆ V . For each i ∈ {1, . . . , m}\{i0 }
9 and for every j ∈ {1, . . . , n} , let Uij = Xi , Vij = Xi , Uij0 = Uj and Vij0 = Vj . Also, for all j ∈ {1, . . . , n} ,
0 Qm 0 Qm 0 0 0 0
10 let Uj = i=1 Uij and Vj = i=1 Vij . It follows that hU1 , . . . , Un i and hV1 , . . . , Vn i are nonempty open
Qm Qm
11 subsets of Fn ( i=1 Xi ) . Then, since (Fn ( i=1 fi ))s is transitive, we have that, there exists k ∈ N such
Qm 0 0 0 0
12 that ([Fn ( i=1 fi )]s )k (hU1 , . . . , Un i) ∩ hV1 , . . . , Vn i 6= ∅. Thus, there exists {(xj1 , . . . , xjm ) : j ∈ {1, . . . , l}} ∈
0 0 Qm sk 0 0
13 hU1 , . . . , Un i such that [Fn ( i=1 fi )] ({(xj1 , . . . , xjm ) : j ∈ {1, . . . , l}}) ∈ hV1 , . . . , Vn i. In consequence,
0 0
14 {(f1sk (xj1 ), . . . , fm (xm )) : j ∈ {1, . . . , l}} ∈ hV1 , . . . , Vn i. Then, by Lemma 5.2, {fisk
sk j
0
(x1i0 ), . . . , fisk
0
(xli0 )} ∈
15 hV1 , . . . , Vn i . Hence, ([Fn (fi0 )]s )k ({x1i0 , . . . , xli0 }) ∈ hV1 , . . . , Vn i. Meanwhile, by Lemma 5.2, {x1i0 , . . . , xli0 } ∈
16 hU1 , . . . , Un i. It follows that, ([Fn (fi0 )]s )k (hU1 , . . . , Un i) ∩ hV1 , . . . , Vn i 6= ∅. Consequently, ([Fn (fi0 )]s )k (U) ∩
17 V 6= ∅. Therefore, [Fn (fi0 )]s is transitive. Since s ∈ N is arbitrary, we have that Fn (fi0 ) is totally transitive.
Qm
18 Suppose that Fn ( i=1 fi ) is strongly transitive. Let i0 ∈ {1, . . . , m} and let U be a nonempty open
19 subset of Fn (Xi0 ) . Thence, by [10, Lemma 4.2], there exist nonempty open subsets U1 , . . . , Un of Xi0 such
20 that hU1 , . . . , Un i ⊆ U . For each i ∈ {1, . . . , m}\{i0 } and for every j ∈ {1, . . . , n} , let Uij = Xi and
0 Qm 0 0
21 Uij0 = Uj . Also, for all j ∈ {1, . . . , n} , let Uj = i=1 Uij . Note that hU1 , . . . , Un i is a nonempty open subset of
Qm Qm Ss Qm k 0 0
22 Fn ( i=1 Xi ) . By hypothesis, there exists s ∈ N such that Fn ( i=1 Xi ) = k=0 [Fn ( i=1 fi )] (hU1 , . . . , Un i).
23 Let {x1 , . . . , xr } ∈ Fn (Xi0 ) . For each i ∈ {1, . . . , m}\{i0 } and for every j ∈ {1, . . . , r}, let aji ∈ Xi and let
0 0 0 Qm
24 aji0 = xj . Then, for all j ∈ {1, . . . , r} , let xj = (aj1 , . . . , ajm ) . Note that {x1 , . . . , xr } ∈ Fn ( i=1 Xi ) .
0 0 Qm 0 0
25 Thus, there exists k ∈ {0, . . . , s} such that {x1 , . . . , xr } ∈ [Fn ( i=1 fi )]k (hU1 , . . . , Un i). Then, there exists
0 0 Qm k
26 {(y1j , . . . , ym
j
) : j ∈ {1, . . . , p}} ∈ hU1 , . . . , Un i such that [Fn ( i=1 fi )] ({(y1j , . . . , ym
j
) : j ∈ {1, . . . , p}}) =
0 0 0 0
27 {x1 , . . . , xr }. By Remark 3.1, we have that {(f1k (y1j ), . . . , fm
k j
(ym )) : j ∈ {1, . . . , p}} = {x1 , . . . , xr } . Thus,
28 [Fn (fi0 )]k ({yi10 , . . . , yip0 }) = {x1 , . . . , xr }. On the other hand, by Lemma 5.2, {yi10 , . . . , yip0 } ∈ hU1 , . . . , Un i .
Ss
29 Hence, {x1 , . . . , xr } ∈ [Fn (fi0 )]k (hU1 , . . . , Un i) . Therefore, {x1 , . . . , xr } ∈ k=0 [Fn (fi0 )]k (U) and Fn (fi0 ) is
30 strongly transitive.
Qm Qm Qm
31 Suppose that Fn ( i=1 fi ) is chaotic. Then Fn ( i=1 fi ) is transitive and P er(Fn ( i=1 fi )) is dense
Qm
32 in Fn ( i=1 Xi ) . Thus, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , Fn (fi ) is transitive and by Theorem 5.8, part (2), for every
33 i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , P er(Fn (fi )) is dense in Fn (Xi ) . Therefore, for all i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , Fn (fi ) is chaotic.
Qm
34 Suppose that Fn ( i=1 fi ) is orbit-transitive. Then, there exists a transitive point {(xj1 , . . . , xjm ) : j ∈
Qm
35 {1, . . . , l}} of Fn ( i=1 fi ) . Thus, by Theorem 5.6, we have that, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m}, {x1i , . . . , xli } is a
36 transitive point of Fn (fi ) . Consequently, for every i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , O({x1i , . . . , xli }, Fn (fi )) is a dense subset in

27
 ROJAS, BARRAGAN and MACÍAS/Turk J Math

1 Fn (Xi ) . Which implies that, for all i ∈ {1, . . . , m}, Fn (fi ) is orbit-transitive.
Qm
2 Suppose that Fn ( i=1 fi ) is strictly orbit-transitive. It follows that, there exists a transitive point
Qm
3 {(f1 (xj1 ), . . . , fm (xjm )) : j ∈ {1, . . . , l}} of Fn ( i=1 fi ) . By Theorem 5.6, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , we have that
4 {fi (x1i ), . . . , fi (xli )} is a transitive point of Fn (fi ) . Thus, for every i ∈ {1, . . . , m}, Fn (fi )({x1i , . . . , xli }) is a
5 transitive point of Fn (fi ) . Hence, for all i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , the subset O(Fn (fi )({x1i , . . . , xli }), Fn (fi )) is dense in
6 Fn (Xi ) . Therefore, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m}, Fn (fi ) is strictly orbit-transitive.
Qm
7 Suppose that Fn ( i=1 fi ) is ω -transitive. By hypothesis, there exists {(xj1 , . . . , xjm ) : j ∈ {1, . . . , l}} ∈
Qm Qm Qm
8 Fn ( i=1 Xi ) such that ω({(xj1 , . . . , xjm ) : j ∈ {1, . . . , l}}, Fn ( i=1 fi )) = Fn ( i=1 Xi ). Then, by Theorem 5.7,
9 for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , ω({x1i , . . . , xli }, Fn (fi )) = Fn (Xi ) . Which means that, for every i ∈ {1, . . . , m}, Fn (fi )
10 is ω -transitive.
Qm
Suppose that Fn ( i=1 fi ) is T T++ . Let i0 ∈ {1, . . . , m} and let U , V be two nonempty open subsets
of Fn (Xi0 ) . Then, by [10, Lemma 4.2], there exist nonempty open subsets U1 , . . . , Un , V1 , . . . , Vn of Xi0 such
that hU1 , . . . , Un in ⊆ U and hV1 , . . . , Vn in ⊆ V . For each i ∈ {1, . . . , m}\{i0 } and for every j ∈ {1, . . . , n},
0 Qm
let Uij = Xi , Vij = Xi , Uij0 = Uj and Vij0 = Vj . Also, for all j ∈ {1, . . . , n} , let Uj = i=1 Uij and
0 Qm 0 0 0 0 Qm
Vj = i=1 Vij . Note that hU1 , . . . , Un i and hV1 , . . . , Vn i are nonempty open subsets of Fn ( i=1 Xi ) . By
0 0 0 0
hypothesis, nFn (Qm
i=1 fi )
(hU1 , . . . , Un i, hV1 , . . . , Vn i) is infinite. On the other hand, by Lemma 5.3, we have that:
0 0 0 0
nFn (Qm
i=1 fi )
(hU1 , . . . , Un i, hV1 , . . . , Vn i) ⊆ nFn (fi0 ) (hU1 , . . . , Un i, hV1 , . . . , Vn i).

11 Consequently, nFn (fi0 ) (hU1 , . . . , Un i, hV1 , . . . , Vn i) is infinite. Therefore, Fn (fi0 ) is T T++ .

Qm
12 Suppose that Fn ( i=1 fi ) is Touhey. Let i0 ∈ {1, . . . , m} and let U, V be two nonempty open subsets
13 of Fn (Xi0 ) . Thence, by [10, Lemma 4.2], there exist nonempty open subsets U1 , . . . , Un , V1 , . . . , Vn of Xi0
14 such that hU1 , . . . , Un i ⊆ U and hV1 , . . . , Vn i ⊆ V . For each i ∈ {1, . . . , m}\{i0 } and for every j ∈ {1, . . . , n} ,
0 Qm
15 let Uij = Xi , Vij = Xi , Uij0 = Uj and Vij0 = Vj . Finally, for all j ∈ {1, . . . , n}, let Uj = i=1 Uij and
0 Qm 0 0 0 0 Qm
16 Vj = i=1 Vij . It follows that, hU1 , . . . , Un i and hV1 , . . . , Vn i are nonempty open subsets of Fn ( i=1 Xi ) . Since
Qm 0 0
17 Fn ( i=1 Fi ) is Touhey, there exist a periodic point {(xl1 , . . . , xlm ) : r ≤ n and l ∈ {1, . . . , r}} ∈ hU1 , . . . , Un i
Qm k
18 and k ∈ Z+ such that [Fn ( i=1 fi )] ({(xl1 , . . . , xlm ) : r ≤ n and l ∈ {1, . . . , r}}) ∈ hV1 , . . . , Vn i. By Remark
0 0
19
k
3.1, part (2), {(f1k (xl1 ), . . . fm (xlm )) : r ≤ n and l ∈ {1, . . . , r}} ∈ hV1 , . . . , Vn i . Then, by Lemma 5.2,
0
20 {fik0 (x1i0 ), . . . , fik0 (xri0 )} ∈ hV1 , . . . , Vn i ⊆ V . Thus, [Fn (fi0 )]k ({xi0 , . . . , xri0 }) ∈ V . On the other hand, since
0 0
21 {(xl1 , . . . , xlm ) : r ≤ n and l ∈ {1, . . . , r}} ∈ hU1 , . . . , Un i , by Lemma 5.2, {x1i0 , . . . , xri0 } ∈ hU1 , . . . , Un i . Also,
Qm
22 since {(xl1 , . . . , xlm ) : r ≤ n and l ∈ {1, . . . , r}} is a periodic point of Fn ( i=1 fi ) , by [4, Theorem 3.4], for
Qm
23 each l ∈ {1, . . . , r} , (xl1 , . . . , xlm ) is a periodic point of i=1 fi . Then, by Theorem 3.3, part (4), for each
24 l ∈ {1, . . . , r} , xli0 is a periodic point of fi0 . Thus, by [4, Theorem 3.4], {x1i0 , . . . , xri0 } is a periodic point of
25 Fn (fi0 ) . Therefore, Fn (fi0 ) is Touhey.
Qm Qm
26 Suppose that Fn ( i=1 fi ) is an F-system. Then, Fn ( i=1 fi ) is totally transitive and the subset
Qm Qm Qm Qm
27 P er(Fn ( i=1 fi )) is dense in Fn ( i=1 Xi ) . By [4, Theorem 3.4], P er( i=1 fi ) is dense in i=1 Xi . In
28 consequence, by Theorem 3.15, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , P er(fi ) is dense in Xi . Again, by [4, Theorem 3.4],
29 for every i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , P er(Fn (fi )) is dense in Fn (Xi ) . On the other hand, by the third paragraph of this

28
 ROJAS, BARRAGAN and MACÍAS/Turk J Math

1 proof, we have that, for all i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , Fn (fi ) is totally transitive. Therefore, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m} ,
2 Fn (fi ) is an F-system.
Qm
3 Suppose that Fn ( i=1 fi ) is backward minimal. Let i0 ∈ {1, . . . , m} and let {x1 , . . . , xr } ∈ Fn (Xi0 ) .
4 For each i ∈ {1, . . . , m}\{i0 } and for every j ∈ {1, . . . , r}, let yij ∈ Xi and let yij0 = xj . Hence, {(y1j , . . . , ym
j
):
Qm Qm Qm
5 j ∈ {1, . . . , r}} ∈ Fn ( i=1 Xi ) . Since Fn ( i=1 fi ) is backward minimal, the set {A ∈ Fn ( i=1 Xi ) :
Qm Qm
6 [Fn ( i=1 fi )]l (A) = {(y1j , . . . , ym
j
) : j ∈ {1, . . . , r}}, for some l ∈ N} , is dense in Fn ( i=1 Xi ) . Let U be
7 a nonempty open subset of Fn (Xi0 ) . Then, by [10, Lemma 4.2], there exist nonempty open subsets U1 , . . . , Un
8 of Xi0 such that hU1 , . . . , Un i ⊆ U . For each i ∈ {1, . . . , m}\{i0 } and for every j ∈ {1, . . . , n} , let Uij = Xi
0 Qm 0 0
9 and Uij0 = Uj . Finally, for all j ∈ {1, . . . , n}, let Uj = i=1 Uij . Thus, hU1 , . . . , Un i is a nonempty open
Qm 0 0
10 subset of Fn ( i=1 Xi ) . By hypothesis, there exist {(z1j , . . . , zmj
) : p ≥ n and j ∈ {1, . . . , p}} ∈ hU1 , . . . , Un i
Qm
11 and l ∈ N such that [Fn ( i=1 fi )]l ({(z1j , . . . , zm
j
) : p ≥ n and j ∈ {1, . . . , p}}) = {(y1j , . . . , ym j
) : j ∈
12 {1, . . . , r}} . Meanwhile, by Lemma 5.2, {zi10 , . . . , zip0 } ∈ hU1 , . . . , Un i. Also, by Remark 3.1, parts (1) and
13 (2), {(f1l (z1j ), . . . , fm
l j
(zm )) : p ≥ n and j ∈ {1, . . . , p}} = {(y1j , . . . , ym
j
) : j ∈ {1, . . . , r}} . It follows that,
14 {fil0 (zi10 ), . . . , fil0 (zip0 )} = {yi10 , . . . , yir0 }. Consequently, [Fn (fi0 )]l ({zi10 , . . . , zip0 }) = {yi10 , . . . , yir0 } . Therefore, the
15 set {A ∈ Fn (Xi0 ) : [Fn (fi )]l (A) = {x1 , . . . , xr }, for some l ∈ N} is dense in Fn (Xi0 ) and Fn (fi0 ) is backward
16 minimal.
Qm
17 Suppose that Fn ( i=1 fi ) is mild mixing. Let i0 ∈ {1, . . . , m} , let Y be a topological space and let
Qm
18 g : Y → Y be a transitive function. By hypothesis, Fn ( i=1 fi ) × g is transitive. Thus, by Theorem 6.12,
19 Fn (fi0 ) × g is transitive. Therefore, Fn (fi0 ) is mild mixing.
Qm
20 Suppose that Fn ( i=1 fi ) is scattering. Let i0 ∈ {1, . . . , m}, let Y be a topological space and let
Qm
21 g : Y → Y be a minimal function. By hypothesis, Fn ( i=1 fi ) × g is transitive. Thus, by Theorem 6.12,
22 Fn (fi0 ) × g is transitive. Therefore, Fn (fi0 ) is scattering. 2

23 Theorem 6.14 Let X1 , . . . , Xm be topological spaces, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , let fi : Xi → Xi be a continuous
Qm
24 function, and let n ∈ N. If Fn ( i=1 fi ) is minimal, then, for every i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , Fn (fi ) is minimal.
Qm
Proof Suppose that Fn ( i=1 fi ) is minimal. Let i0 ∈ {1, . . . , m} . By hypothesis, fi0 is continuous. Hence,
Fn (fi0 ) is continuous. Thus, by [15, Proposition 6.2], it is sufficient to prove that for each A ∈ Fn (Xi0 ) ,
clFn (Xi0 ) (O(A, Fn (fi0 ))) = Fn (Xi0 ) . Let {x1 , . . . , xr } ∈ Fn (Xi0 ) with r ≤ n . For each i ∈ {1, . . . , m}\{i0 }
Qm
and for every j ∈ {1, . . . , r}, let yij ∈ Xi and yij0 = xj . Thus, {(y1j , . . . , ym j
) : j ∈ {1, . . . , r}} ∈ Fn ( i=1 Xi ) .
Qm   Qm 
Since Fn ( i=1 fi ) is minimal. We have that clFn (Qm i=1 Xi )
O {(y1j , . . . , ym
j
) : j ∈ {1, . . . , r}}, Fn ( i=1 fi ) =
Qm
Fn ( i=1 Xi ) . Thus, by Theorem 5.6, for all i ∈ {1, . . . , m} we have that, clFn (Xi ) (O({yi1 , . . . , yir }, Fn (fi ))) =
Fn (Xi ) . In particular, we have that, clFn (Xi0 ) (O({yi10 , . . . , yir0 }, Fn (fi0 ))) = Fn (Xi0 ) . Consequently:

clFn (Xi0 ) (O({x1 , . . . , xr }, Fn (fi0 ))) = Fn (Xi0 ).

25 Since {x1 , . . . , xr } ∈ Fn (Xi0 ) is arbitrary, Fn (fi0 ) is minimal. 2

29
 ROJAS, BARRAGAN and MACÍAS/Turk J Math

1 Theorem 6.15 Let X1 , . . . , Xm be topological spaces, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , let fi : Xi → Xi be a continuous
Qm
2 function, and let n ∈ N . If Fn ( i=1 fi ) is totally minimal, then, for every i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , Fn (fi ) is totally
3 minimal.
Qm Qm
4 Proof Suppose that Fn ( fi ) is totally minimal. Let s ∈ N. By hypothesis, [Fn ( i=1 fi )]s is minimal.
i=1
Qm
5 Then, by Remark 3.1, part (2), Fn ( i=1 fis ) is minimal. Then, by Theorem 6.14, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m} ,
6 Fn (fis ) is minimal. Again, by Remark 3.1, part (2), for every i ∈ {1, . . . , m}, [Fn (fi )]s is minimal. Since s ∈ N
7 is arbitrary, we have that, for all i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , Fn (fi ) is totally minimal. 2
8 By [4, Theorems 4.11, 4.12, 4.14, 4.15, 4.19, 5.1, 5.3, 5.6, 5.9], Theorem 6.3 and Theorem 6.13, we have
9 the following result.

10 Theorem 6.16 Let X1 , . . . , Xm be topological spaces, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , let fi : Xi → Xi be a function,
11 let n ∈ N, and let M be one of the following classes of functions: transitive, weakly mixing, totally transitive,
12 strongly transitive, chaotic, orbit-transitive, strictly orbit-transitive, ω -transitive, T T++ , Touhey, an F-system,
Qm
13 backward minimal, mild mixing or scattering. If Fn ( i=1 fi ) ∈ M, then, for every i ∈ {1, . . . , m}, fi ∈ M.

14 The converse of Theorem 6.16 is not true in general. Let us see a partly example of this in the following:
15

16 Example 6.17 Let f : [0, 2] → [0, 2] be a function given by:


 2x + 1, 0 ≤ x ≤ 12 ,
f (x) = −2x + 3, 12 ≤ x ≤ 1,
−x + 2, 1 ≤ x ≤ 2.


17 In [8, Example 1], it is shown that f is transitive, however, f × f : [0, 2] × [0, 2] → [0, 2] × [0, 2] is not
18 transitive. If we suppose that Fn (f × f ) is transitive, by [4, Theorem 4.11], we have that f × f is transitive.
19 Which is a contradiction. Therefore, Fn (f × f ) is not transitive.

20 By Theorems 6.3, 6.14, 6.15 and [4, Theorem 4.18], we have the following result.

21 Theorem 6.18 Let X1 , . . . , Xm be topological spaces, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , let fi : Xi → Xi be a continuous
22 function, and let n ∈ N. Then the following hold:
Qm
23 1. If Fn ( i=1 fi ) is minimal, then, for every i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , fi is minimal.
Qm
24 2. If Fn ( i=1 fi ) is totally minimal, then, for all i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , fi is totally minimal.

25 By Theorems 3.14, 4.10, 6.6 and [4, Theorems 5.2, 5.4, 5.7], we obtain the following result.

26 Theorem 6.19 Let X1 , . . . , Xm be topological spaces, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , let fi : Xi → Xi be a function,
27 let n ∈ N , and let M be one of the following classes of functions: transitive, totally transitive, chaotic, orbit-
28 transitive, strictly orbit-transitive, ω -transitive, Touhey, an F-system, mild mixing or scattering. If for every
Qm
29 i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , Xi is +invariant over open subsets under fi and fi ∈ M, then Fn ( i=1 fi ) ∈ M.

30
 ROJAS, BARRAGAN and MACÍAS/Turk J Math

1 Corollary 6.20 Let X1 , . . . , Xm be topological spaces, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , let fi : Xi → Xi be a function,
2 let n ∈ N , and let M be one of the following classes of functions: transitive, totally transitive, chaotic, orbit-
3 transitive, strictly orbit-transitive, ω -transitive, Touhey, an F-system, mild mixing, scattering or T T++ . If for
Qm
4 every i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , Xi is +invariant over open subsets under fi and Fn (fi ) ∈ M, then Fn ( i=1 fi ) ∈ M.

5 Theorem 6.21 Let X1 , . . . , Xm be topological spaces, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , let fi : Xi → Xi be a function,
6 and let n ∈ N . If for every i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , fi is weakly mixing and continuous and Xi is +invariant over
Qm
7 open subsets under fi , then Fn ( i=1 fi ) is weakly mixing.

8 Proof Suppose that, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , fi is weakly mixing and continuous and that Xi is +invariant
Qm Qm
9 over open subsets under fi . Then, by Theorem 4.10, i=1 fi is weakly mixing. Even more, i=1 fi is
Qm
10 continuous. Thus, by [4, Theorem 4.13], we have that Fn ( i=1 fi ) is weakly mixing. 2

11 Corollary 6.22 Let X1 , . . . , Xm be topological spaces, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , let fi : Xi → Xi be a function
Qm
12 such that i=1 fi is continuous, and let n ∈ N. If, for every i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , Fn (fi ) is weakly mixing and Xi
Qm
13 is +invariant over open subsets under fi , then Fn ( i=1 fi ) is weakly mixing.

14 Proof Suppose that, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , Fn (fi ) is weakly mixing, and that Xi is + invariant over open
Qm
15 subsets under fi and i=1 fi is continuous. Then, by [4, Theorem 4.12], for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , fi is weakly
Qm
16 mixing. Even more, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , fi is continuous. Thus, by Theorem 6.21, Fn ( i=1 fi ) is weakly
17 mixing. 2

18 Theorem 6.23 Let X1 , . . . , Xm be topological spaces, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , let fi : Xi → Xi be a continuous
19 function, and let n ∈ N. If, for every i ∈ {1, . . . , m}, fi is minimal and Xi is +invariant over open subsets
Qm
20 under fi , then Fn ( i=1 fi ) is minimal.

21 Proof Suppose that, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , fi is minimal and that Xi is + invariant over open subsets
Qm Qm
22 under fi . Then, by Proposition 4.11, i=1 fi is minimal. Even more, i=1 fi is continuous and by Theorem
Qm Qm Qm
23 3.14, i=1 Xi is +invariant over open subsets under i=1 fi . Thus, by Theorem 6.7, Fn ( i=1 fi ) is minimal.
24 2
25 As a consequence of Theorem 6.23 and [4, Theorem 4.18], we have the following result.

26 Corollary 6.24 Let X1 , . . . , Xm be topological spaces, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m}, let fi : Xi → Xi be a
27 continuous function, and let n ∈ N . If, for every i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , Fn (fi ) is minimal and Xi is +invariant
Qm
28 over open subsets under fi , then Fn ( i=1 fi ) is minimal.

29 As a consequence of Corollary 4.12, Theorem 3.14 and Proposition 6.8, we obtain the following.

30 Corollary 6.25 Let X1 , . . . , Xm be topological spaces, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , let fi : Xi → Xi be a

31 continuous function, and let n ∈ N. If, for every i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , fi is totally minimal and Xi is +invariant
Qm
32 over open subsets under fi , then Fn ( i=1 fi ) is totally minimal.

33 As a consequence of Theorem 6.3 and Corollary 6.25, we have:

31
 ROJAS, BARRAGAN and MACÍAS/Turk J Math

1 Corollary 6.26 Let X1 , . . . , Xm be topological spaces, for each i ∈ {1, . . . , m} , let fi : Xi → Xi be a

2 continuous function and let n ∈ N. If, for every i ∈ {1, . . . , m}, Fn (fi ) is totally minimal and Xi is +invariant
Qm
3 over open subsets under fi , then Fn ( i=1 fi ) is totally minimal.

4 Acknowledgment
5 We are very grateful to the referee for their careful reading and valuable suggestions to the improvement of this
6 paper.

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33