1.Peran waktu terhadap sistem panas bumi, kenapa bisa lebih banyak bencana(?

Sistem panas bumi

2.Geothermal play

1. Apa yang dimaksud dengan geothermal play type? Ada berapa macam, di mana
contoh-contohnya? Seting geologi yang mencakup sumber panas,
jalur migrasi panas, kapasitas penyimpanan panas / cairan (reservoir), dan potensi
untuk pemulihan panas. An alternative possibility to cataloging geothermal energy
systems is by their geologic characteristics

Macam nya

Convection dominated : Active plate tectonic processes are dominated by the dynamic interplay between
lithosphere and asthenosphere, which is driven by mantle convection. In convection-dominated geothermal plays,upward
circulation of fluids transports heat from depth to shallower reservoirs,or to the surface.

Magmatic geothermal plays–volcanic field and plutonic type

Magmatic play systems can be found in regions with active basaltic volcanism at divergent plate margins as on Iceland, basaltic
to andesitic volcanism along island arcs as on Java. recent andesitic to dacitic volcanism as along the south American Andeans
or Taiwan and along continent-continent convergent margins with recent plutonism, as in the southern periphery of the Alpine
orogeny.

Non-magmatic geothermal plays – extensional domains

Non-magmatic convection-dominated geothermal play systems are either fault controlled or fault-leakage
controlled. In purely fault controlled play systems, convection occurs along the fault and is commonly
combined with infiltration of meteoric water along the fault [49]. In fault-leakage controlled play systems, the
fluid leaks from the fault into a permeable concealed layer. The Great Basin in the western U.S. is an example of a
region that hosts predominately fault controlled geothermal plays

Conduction dominated : Geothermal plays in passive plate tectonic settings where no asthenospheric
anomalies occur (e.g. passive continental margins and intracontinental tectonically inactive areas) are mainly
con- duction-dominated, as exemplified by the conductive settings of sedimentary basins.

Igneous geothermal plays– basement type

Crystalline (e.g. granitic) rocks host vast resources of heat energy in igneous provinces, which often underlie large areas of
continents. These low porosity-low permeability rocks require reservoir development by stimulation techniques to allow
circula- tion between injector and producer wells, with the rock mass acting as the heat exchanger.

In Alberta, for example, lower

temperature in the basement from the Alberta Basin would help to augment the efficiency of oil sand
production by replacing
volumes of natural gas with geothermal energy [

Non-magmatic geothermal plays – intracratonic basins and orogenic belts

Conduction dominated geothermal play systems without active igneous activity cover the different types of
geologic settings located within intracratonic basins (i.e. within the stable conti- nental crust) and within
orogenic belts and associated foreland basins. The tectonic activity in these settings is commonly low to
 Two different basin types have been distinguished for hydro- thermal sedimentary energy systems: (I) Extensional
or litho- spheric subsidence basins, such as the Central European Basin System, and (II) foreland basins within
orogenic belts, such as the Molasse Basin of the Alps or the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin associated with the
Rocky Mountains. The sedimentary sequences in foreland basins are influenced by significant crustal subsidence
(up to several kilometers) towards the orogen due to the weight of the thickened crust of the orogenic belt and
loading of erosional products from the mountain belt on the non- thickened crust. The result of this process is
lithospheric bending

a new catalogis developed based on the effects of geological controls and structural platetectonic positions on thermal regime and heat
flow,hydrogeologic regime, fluid dynamics, fluid chemistry,fault sand fractures,stress regime,and lithological sequence

2. Mengapa geologi menjadi kunci? 

Cataloging geothermal resources by their

geologic controls helps to adopt site-specific
exploration, field development and energy
production. Successfully developed methods in
exploration and geothermal energy deployment
can be adopted within one geothermal system
type. Specifically, stress field analysis, quantitative
structural geology, reservoir geomecha- nics and
reservoir engineering are key topics in both
geothermal
and unconventional tight reservoirs. I

3. Apa manfaatnya mengetahui geothermal play type? 

The advantage of a geologically based catalog scheme is the adaptation of site-

specific exploration and technology strategiesfor field development.
The geological system based catalog of geothermal
reservoirs might also be important for optimal economic
and environmental configurations of geothermal energy
conversion. Understanding a geothermal reservoir as
part of a geologic system helps to quantify the
geological uncertainty that needs to be included into
economic
optimization concepts.

4. Coba kaitkan dengan latihan yang diperoleh pada praktikum, di mana kalian harus
mengetahui banyak hal tentang sistem panas bumi berbekal selembar peta suatu
daerah yang diduga memiliki prospek.
3.Tektonik yg mengontrol, dan kemunculan panas bumi vulkanogenik.

Disebut juga sebagai magmatic hydrotermal system. Sistem panas bumi vulkanogenik, merupakan
bagian dari sistem panas bumi yang memiliki asosiasi dengan proses vulkanisme.
Beberapa lokasi di Indonesia yang merupakan sistmen Vulkanogenik dan telah dilakukan
pemanfaatannya, antara lain:

 Sistem gunung api aktif: Ijen

 Sistem gunug api non-aktif: Sangon
 Sistem gunung api aktif namun tidak menunjukkan morfologi gunung api: Lahendong

4.Bagaimana kita memandang manifestasi panas bumi

Manifestasi panas bumi adalah istilah yang dipakai untuk menunjukkan

 Kenampakan di permukaan dimana fluida keluar dari sistem panas bumi, sebagai indikator
atau tanda adanya sistem panas bumi
 Kenampakan yang dihasilkan oleh proses interaksi fluida geothermal dengan batuan dan atau
oleh proses pengendapan mineral di permukaan

Daerah manifestasi juga memiliki arti penting bagi keberagaman hayati Kebanyakan sistem panas
bumi konvektif menunjukkan manifestasi dipermukaan tempat dan tipe manifestasi dikontrol:

 Input panas total di dasar reservoar

 Parameter reservoar, misalnya: permeabilitas
 Parameter fluida, misalnya: densitas viskositas, kandungan fluida dan temperatur
 Tatanan sistem hidrologinya
 Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi outflow fluida panas

5.hubungan antara sistem dan permeabilitas, tanda tanda permeabilitas, jenisnya

 Permeabilitas primer : merupakan permeabilitas yang terbentuk pada saat pembentukan

batuan dan sebelum terjadinya proses hidrotermal
 Permeabilitas sekunder : merupakan permeabilitas yang terbentuk setelah pembentukan
batuan, dan setelah/bersamaan dengan proses hidrotermal berlangsung.

Contoh dari masing-masing jenis permeabilitas

 Permeabilitas primer: Rongga dalam batuan, vesikel, lava tubes, bidang perlapisan batuan,
bidang kontak antara dua jenis litologi, ketidakselarasan
 Permeabilitas sekunder: Ancient solution feature (pelarutan yang umumnya terjadi
dibatugamping), sesar, kekar, hydraulic fracture, hydrotermal leading
6.Paper brown, dan paper interaksi fluida batuan

7.Alterasi hidrotermal

8.Pengetahuan umum terhadap suatu area panas bumi, pemandangan, adanya energi, hubungan
dengan hidup manusia