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Housing (SLUMS) : ARC425: Principles of Planning

The document discusses slums and provides examples. It defines slums and lists their causes as rapid industrialization, population growth, poverty, and lack of infrastructure. Slums have negative effects like unhealthy living conditions and low morale. Methods to address slums include improvement, clearance, and redevelopment. Examples of slums mentioned include Dharavi in Mumbai, shanty towns in Africa, and Kibera in Kenya, the world's largest urban slum.

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135 views

Housing (SLUMS) : ARC425: Principles of Planning

The document discusses slums and provides examples. It defines slums and lists their causes as rapid industrialization, population growth, poverty, and lack of infrastructure. Slums have negative effects like unhealthy living conditions and low morale. Methods to address slums include improvement, clearance, and redevelopment. Examples of slums mentioned include Dharavi in Mumbai, shanty towns in Africa, and Kibera in Kenya, the world's largest urban slum.

Uploaded by

GUNJAN
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Week No.

04 Housing (SLUMS)
Lecture No. L-11 ARC425 : Principles of Planning

Introduction to Slums 1

Causes of Slums 2

Effects of Slums 3

Slums Clearance Methods 4

Examples of Slums 5
Week No. 04 Introduction to Slums
Lecture No. L-11
SLUMS
 A heavily populated urban area characterized by substandard and poor
housing and squalor.
1
 An overcrowded and neglected area of a city, usually inhabited by the very poor, in
inferior living conditions. 2
 A slum is an overcrowded and squalid district of a city or town usually inhabited by
the very poor. 3

 Slums can be found in most large cities around the world. 4

 Lack of infrastructure and crowded conditions mean they are often characterized by
disease, disaster and crime. 5
Week No. 04 Introduction to Slums
Lecture No. L-11

DEFINATION OF SLUMS
Social scientists have given different definitions of slums depending on the
angle from which they view the problem. 1

Slum is a building, a group of buildings or area characterized by over-crowding 2


deterioration, in sanitary conditions or absence of facilities or amenities, which
because of these conditions or any of them endangered the health, safety or
morals of the inhabitants of the community. 3

5
Week No. 04 Introduction to Slums
Lecture No. L-11

UN-HABITAT defines a slum household as a group of individuals living under the


same roof in an urban area who lack one or more of the following:
1. Durable housing of a permanent nature that protects against extreme climate 1
conditions.
2. Sufficient living space which means not more than three people sharing the 2
same room.
3. Easy access to safe water in sufficient amounts at an affordable price. 3
4. Access to adequate sanitation in the form of a private or public toilet shared
by a reasonable number of people. 4
5. Security of tenure that prevents forced evictions.
5
Week No. 04 Causes of Slums
Lecture No. L-11 Slow
economic
Rapid Industrialization growth

Population Growth Population


Poverty
Lack of zoning 1

Decentralization More 2
Slums opportunities
Lack of Education in cities
3
Poverty
Government Urban 4
Repair & Maintenance connivance Migration

Inadequate powers Inadequate 5


housing in
cities
Week No. 04 Effects of Slums
Lecture No. L-11

Unhealthy living conditions.

Absence of Social & Cultural Life. 1

Mental outlook of slum dweller is affected. (Develops low moral character) 2

Open areas being attacked. 3

All slum Dwellers loses his ambition. 4

Over crowded areas. Affects the working of schools, hospitals, offices etc, 5
Week No. 04 Slums Clearance Methods
Lecture No. L-11

Improvement Method
Not causing Much Disturbance to slum Dwellers.
Public Utility Services Arrangement will be modified. 1

Complete Removal Scheme


2
Congested areas may be completely cleared out.
Building which are in good condition are retained. 3
Stinking Factories are shifted to suitable areas.
New areas are provided with proper basic amenities. 4
New areas are planned with proper open spaces
5
Week No. 04 Slums Clearance Methods
Lecture No. L-11

Slum Clearance
Demolition of dilapidated dwellings located in a slum (an area of sub-standard,
overcrowded housing occupied by the poor immigrants) 1
Redevelopment
The demolition of an existing building and its replacement by a new building 2

Rehabilitation
3
The repair and improvement of existing structurally sound property
4

5
Week No. 04 Policies/ Approaches
Lecture No. L-11

Housing Improvement
Improvements of dwellings by provision of essential basic amenities
Conservation 1
To retain intact or unchanged. Also meant as ‘Preservation’
2
Environmental Improvements
Main emphasis is to improve environmental conditions 3
Economic Renewal
Improvement of economic conditions of dwellers 4

5
Week No. 04 Examples of Slums
Lecture No. L-11

Barrios – Spain and its colonies in South America


Week No. 04 Examples of Slums
Lecture No. L-11

Dharavi- Mumbai
Week No. 04 Examples of Slums
Lecture No. L-11

Shanty Town - Africa


Week No. 04 Examples of Slums
Lecture No. L-11

Kibera (Africa) – worlds largest slum


Week No. 04 Examples of Slums
Lecture No. L-11

A ghetto – a portion of a city in which members of a minority group live;


especially because of social legal, or economic pressure.- US & Europe

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