Students

Teacher's
 TAPESCRIPTS
AND ANSWER KEY
SECTION
Introduction to the Teacher’s Edition
process and prepare them to absorb the new material.
“A WAY TO SUCCESS” is a coursebook for first-year It is intended both to elicit the students’ background
university students studying English as their major. knowledge and to motivate them so that they will be
The book provides challenging authentic materials that ready to learn. Each Unit also focuses on one function
teach students to function in real-life situations and or a group of related functions and the students are
let them enjoy a feeling of success and achievement in taught alternate ways to perform the same function.
language learning. Students learn the language that can Since grammar and pronunciation practice are
be put to immediate use in speaking and writing. They mainly dealt with in separate supplementary books,
also learn the language necessary for understanding the coursebook puts special emphasis on vocabulary
when reading and listening to texts of the genre and aspect. New vocabulary is presented and practiced
level of difficulty specified by the Curriculum for in meaningful contexts. “Useful Language” and
English Development Course (Kyiv, 2001). “Vocabulary” boxes contain both new items and those
Developing students’ socio-cultural competence already known that need to be revised. Vocabulary
is viewed as a task of paramount importance. The activities are varied and motivate the students to learn
book is aimed at contributing to the development of new language and use it for communicative purposes.
a language personality able to successfully function The language items are recycled within one unit and
in multicultural and multilingual environment. Both are found in some other units as well. In order to
the activities and materials used in the coursebook develop students’ study skills they are encouraged
serve to raise students’ cultural awareness, get them to use monolingual dictionary while doing certain
better acquainted with the culture of English-speaking vocabulary activities.
countries and provide them with a deeper insight into Each Unit contains several reading and listening
the native language and culture. sections. They provide an opportunity for the
The methodology of the course presents a combination of students to use what they know to decode
the time-tested old methods with effective new ways of authentic material taken from fiction, newspapers
learning the language. It does not represent a prescribed and magazines, tourist brochures, dictionaries and
approach. The book can be used with a variety of encyclopedias, the Internet. Pre-reading and pre­
instructional methods and teaching styles and the listening tasks are aimed at eliciting students’
suggested procedures can be adapted to meet the needs background knowledge before any new input is
of individual learners. However, by replacing commu­ given. Taking into consideration the level of the
nicative tasks with grammar-translation exercises the effect students, a teacher may find it necessary to pre­
of using the coursebook would be diminished and the teach some vocabulary and structures by adding
achievement of the above stated aims might be impeded. some more activities to those recommended in the
The coursebook is aimed at developing reading coursebook. Pre-reading and pre-listening tasks as
and writing as well as listening and speaking skills. well as instructions for the while-reading and while­
Activities in the book are subdivided into 3 main listening stages help the students to choose the most
categories: awareness raising, skill building and skill efficient reading or listening strategy thus developing
developing. Their level of difficulty correlates with flexible reading and listening skills. Post-reading or
B+ Level of the Common European Framework of post-listening activities are aimed at checking the
Reference. Reflective tasks included in the course-book students’ comprehension, expanding their vocabulary
contribute to developing professional competence of and knowledge of the topic. Comprehension is
future teachers of English. checked through answering questions, filling
The book contains 19 Units organized around certain in the tables and doing test tasks (multiple
topics. Each Unit opens with “Lead-in” section choice, true/false, cloze tests, bank cloze tests,
that helps to tune the students into the mood of the multiple matching, etc.). The activities focus on

43 A way to success 337

 Tapescripts and answer key section
personalization and assimilation of the new material. 5. namesakes; 6. pet names; 7. initials; 8. nicknamed;
They also serve to motivate students to engage in 9. real name; 10. maiden name; 11. on first name
sharing ideas and exchanging opinions, which is the terms.
main focus of speaking sections.
Speaking and writing sections focus on applying com­ m
munication skills. Students are encouraged to use any a) anagram; b) similar; c) milestone; d) affection;
language they have learned to discuss thematically e) medieval; f) ward off; g) in reverse; h) totem.
related issues, to solve problems, to express their
opinions orally and in writing. The teacher should
create comfortable and relaxing atmosphere in class SUGGESTED ANSWERS:
so that the students could express their ideas and
exchange opinions with ease. Wherever appropriate The three ways people are given names.
pair and group work modes should be encouraged with Why are new names given?
regular changes of group composition and dialogue The four ways English surnames were adopted.
partners. Students may role-play a situation, discuss Names that have male and female forms in Ukrainian.
a topic, or talk about their personal experiences. In Unique names.
fact, personalization runs throughout the book forming Names given to twins.
the basis for drawing intracultural and intercultural Pet names.
parallels and comparisons.
Activities to develop writing skills are included into each ш
Unit. All creative tasks are preceded with appropriate 1. Paul was in his early twenties/ was aged 22/ was at
guidelines, sample texts, or algorithms thus providing the age of 22 when he got married.
sufficient orientation basis for the students. A great deal 2. My little son is a baby.
of attention is paid to socio-cultural appropriateness 3. Kate turned 30 yesterday, it was a great birthday
of the students’ writing, the choice of the format and party!
language resources used in the text. 4. Mike is a teenager/ is in his teens and you know
Throughout the book monolingual (English) activities how difficult these years are!
dominate but there are several translation activities 5. My father is over forty, he is an accountant and
included into each Unit. Translation is viewed as works in a bank .
a teaching tool and a means of formative assessment. 6. I am in mid fifties but I think my life has just
In the coursebook translation activities are mainly used started!
for home assignments. 7. His brother was in his late forties when he moved to
Each Unit of the coursebook contains a number of pictures the USA.
most of which are polyfunctional, that is, they do not 8. My Granny is in her late seventies, but she likes to
just illustrate the text contents, but also serve as a visual dress up very much.
support for additional skill developing activities that a 9. Her grandfather was a bus driver for 40 years but
teacher may design in response to the students’ needs. now he is retired.
It is hoped that the teacher will find the suggestions in 10. She is 25 and her husband is the same age.
the book useful and will include them into their own 11. Children in Ukraine start school at the age of 6.
repertoire of teaching techniques. 12. My little cousin is a toddler, but he’s falling all the
time.
Unit 1. HELLO! NICE TO MEET YOU... 13. She called her daughters “the girls” though they
were middle-aged.
14. I learnt these songs when I was on my mother’s lap.

l.c; 2.d; 3.a; 4.g; 5.f; 6.b; 7.e. KB

1. English and American names don’t have
□ patronymics. But they often have a middle name
1. pseudonym/ pen name; 2. full name; 3. named; which is placed before the last name if the name is
4. first name/ patronymic/ family name = surname; written in full.

338
 Tapescripts and answer key section
2. Parents sometimes name their newborn babies after “I present my father in his London office.”
some older members of the family. “And your father’s business?”
3. Pre-schoolers and teenagers often give funny “The Bailey York Trading Company.”
nicknames to the people they like or dislike. “What do you trade in?”
4. Kate hated her maiden name so much that she “Copper, lead, cattle. Anything and everything. We’re
changed it as soon as she got married. transporters mainly,” I said.
5. We are so used to actors’ and singers’ pseudonyms and He wrote it down, in quick distinctive script.
writers’ pen names that their real names surprise us.
6. Kids of any age like sitting on their mothers’ laps. 17 A)
7. It’s hard to be under age. Adults keep telling you l.F; 2.1; 3.F; 4.1; 5.F; 6.1; 7.F; 8.1.
that you’ve grown up, but in fact the older generation TAPESCRIPT
doesn’t take very seriously people who haven’t turned
30 yet. 1) She opened the door to find a broad-shouldered
8. When young people in Ukraine come of age, they man with a big fair moustache and a cheerful red face,
get their passports. standing on the mat. His glance, a quick one, took her
9. 20-year-old young men consider middle-aged people in as he asked in a pleasant voice:
to be elderly. “Are you Mrs Beresford?”
10. My mother is in her late 30s, she is almost forty. “Yes.”
She isn’t retired yet, and doesn’t want to think of the “My name’s Grant. I’m a friend of Lord
time when she’ll grow old. Easthampton’s. He suggested I should look you and
11. Unfortunately, as soon as a person turns 60, he/she your husband up.”
starts thinking about how much longer he/she will live. “Oh, how nice, do come in.”
12. How many years is that girl younger than you? — (Agatha Christie, “N or M ?”)
Five. She is the same age as you. — So, she is twice as 2) When they got back to the house Mrs Murry was
old as my sister. still in the lab.
“This is Calvin O’Keefe, Mother. Is there enough for
ш him, too? It smells super.”
1. Alan York; 2. 24; 3. not mentioned in the text; “Hello, Calvin. Nice to meet you. We aren’t having
4. Southern Rhodesia (village Induna); 5. he represents anything but stew tonight, but it’s a good thick one.”
his father (in his London office); 6. (they trade in “Sounds wonderful to me. May I use your phone so my
copper, lead,) cattle; 7. transporters. mother’ll know where I am?”
TAPESCRIPT
(Madeleine L 'Engle, “A Wrinkle in Time ”)
3) He saw that the two persons who were to make the
Inspector Lodge looked at me steadily, then drew four had already arrived. They were Prince Ali and his
a sheet of paper out of a drawer, unscrewed his secretary. Ashenden was astounded.
fountain pen, and wrote, I could see, the date and the “Allow me to introduce Mr Ashenden to your
time. A methodical man. Highness,” said the baroness, speaking in her fluent
“I think we had better start at the beginning,” he said. French.
“What is your name?” Ashenden bowed and took the proffered hand,
“Alan York.” the prince gave him a quick look, but did not speak.
“Age?” “I am delighted to make your acquaintance,
“Twenty-four.” Mr Ashenden,” said the prince’s secretary, warmly
“Address?” shaking his hand.
I gave Davidson’s address, explaining whose it was, (W S . Maugham, “Miss King")
and that I lived there a good deal. 4) Arnie: Yes. (To Joan.) This is Sheila O’Connor,
“Where is your own home?” Joan. This is my wife, Sheila.
“In Southern Rhodesia,” I said. “On a cattle station Sheila: Hello, Miss.
near a village called Induna, about fifteen miles from Joan: Hello, Sheila.
Bulawayo.” Arnie: Evening, Maureen. I don’t think you know my
“Occupation?” wife. Joan — this is Maureen.

43* 339
 Tapescripts and answer key section
Maureen: It’s very nice meeting you, Joan. (They shake hands) Gearhardt. I’m an American. I’m from Livitz,
(David Storey, “The Restoration of Arnold Middleton ”) Pennsylvania, which is a small town about an hour
5) “Hello, James.” Sealfont extended his hand to and a half west of Philadelphia. I grew up there. Then
Matlock. “Mr Loring, may I present Dr Matlock?” I moved to Philadelphia to study political science
“How do you do?” and international relations at Temple University. I
“WeVe met before, haven’t we?” got my Bachelor’s Degree in May and two months
(Robert Ludlum, “The Matlock Paper”) later I became a Peace Corps Volunteer. I’m here in
6) Man: (Finally finds himself beside the girl.) Hi baby! Ukraine for two years to teach English to 5th and
Girl: I don’t believe we’ve met. 6th grade students at Public School 123. I’m happy
Man: Oh, don’t you remember me? I’m the guy who to answer any questions you may have about me and
sat beside you on the bus out of Kansas City. about life in America.
Girl: I still say we haven’t met. Student 1: What is your patronymic name?
Man: My name’s Bo. What’s yours? (She only looks at Lesley: Well, my last name is my patronymic name —
him scornfully.) I see you brought your suitcase in. that’s the one I get from my father. My middle name is
(William Inge, “People in the Wind”) Lynn.
7) Harry: Judge Applegarth, may I present Miss Olga: Does that name come from your mother?
McCutcheon? Lesley: Well, she picked it out but I’m not named after
The Judge (removing his hat and bowing low): An honor, her or anything like that.
Miss. Olga: I see. And can you tell the class how old you
Miss McCutcheon: How do you do, Judge? are?
Harry: Miss McCutcheon’s the new teacher at school! Lesley: I just turned 22 last week. I’m totally over the
The Judge: We are honored to have you. The children, hill now.
the parents, and — the rest of us. Student 2: Are you married, Lesley?
(William Saroyan, “The Oyster and the Pearl”) Lesley: No way. I don’t want to get married until I’m
8) Jim Raddigan: Introduce me to your friend. 24 or 25.
Gaucho: That’s Mario. He lives upstairs. Student 1: And how many brothers and sisters do you
(Gloria Gonzalez, “Gaucho”) have?
Lesley: I have one older brother and one younger sister.
17B ) Student 2: Why have you come to Ukraine?
Dialogue 3: “I am delighted to make your Lesley: Well, I majored in international relations in
acquaintance, Mr Ashenden,” said the prince’s college because I’m interested in learning about and
secretary, warmly shaking his hand. working with people from different cultures. When I
Dialogue 4: It’s very nice meeting you, Joan. was at Temple I had a chance to learn German and
Dialogue 5: “Mr Loring, may I present Dr Matlock?” I spent a semester abroad studying in Berlin. I loved
“How do you do?” it. But after college I wanted to do something different
Dialogue 6: “I still say we haven’t met.” and go someplace really special and help people. So
“My name’s Bo. What’s yours? I see you brought your I joined Peace Corps. They offered me a position in
suitcase in.” Ukraine and I took it.
line 6: Shefs from Livitz, she didn’t say exactly where it
ш is. — I’m from Livitz, Pennsylvania, which is a small
l.d; 2.b; 3.f; 4.h; 5.g; 6.i; 7.c; 8.j; 9.e; lO.a. town about an hour and a half west of Philadelphia.
line 9: to teach English at our University — to teach
ESI English to 5th and 6th grade students at Public
l.c; 2.g; 3.k; 4.a; 5.f; 6.j; 7.d; 8.i; 9.e; lO.h; ll.b. School 123.
line 11: her patronymic name was her nickname — My
ЕД last name is my patronymic name.
TAPESCRIPT line 12: Her pet name is Lynn — My middle name is
Lynn.
Lesley: Good morning everyone. Thank you for line 12: she is named after her mother — I’m not named
inviting me to your school today. My name is Lesley after her or anything like that.

340
 Tapescripts and answer key section
line 14: She ... even can’t get married — I don’t want to Sometimes he/ she is named after another person,
get married. a relative or a celebrity. Sometimes parents choose
line 15—16: she had one older sister and one younger strange and funny names, and they can influence the
brother — I have one older brother and one younger person’s life later on. If a person doesn’t like his/ her
sister. name he/ she can change it or choose a pseudonym,
line 18: she had majored in computer science — especially if he/ she works in some field of art.
I majored in international relations. 10. — I know him by name only. I don’t know him
line 18—19: she was interested in computers — I’m really well. We have a formal relationship.
interested in learning about and working with people — Ask Nick to introduce you. I think they are of the
from other cultures. same age and have known each other since they were
just a little over 20, and they are good friends.
m 11. Everyone in our family has a pet name, and they
1. I think I know this man. He used to live in the next are really funny. As for school, children, and especially
street. A strange personality. I know him by name only. teenagers, give each other nicknames that can be
His name seems Teddy. But I don’t think it’s his real offensive, and sometimes they can stick to people even
name. Maybe it’s just his nickname. I remember that when they are all grown up.
when he moved here he was in his early 30s. He must
26 B)
be in his late 40s now. Actually, it’s hard to tell how
old he is. a) Mr Sunderland
2. My son is a teenager, he’s under 16. He’s going to 192 Whitney Lane
enter a medical school. He is good at natural sciences. Oregon City, OR 97045
I thought that I would have a lot of problems with USA
him in his teens. But, frankly speaking, he was more
difficult to cope with when he was young. He was so b) Mr Kitzhaber
naughty! 23 3rd September Street #47
3. Betty was a pretty girl. At school she had San Diego, CA 96098
a nickname “doll”. At home everyone loved her and USA
gave her funny pet names. Even when she grew-up
everyone continued calling her by various funny c) Mrs J. Lowe
names. When she turned 35, among her presents there Planter House Princess Street #48
were traditional dolls and soft toys. London, EC 1 7DQ
4. My cousin and I are namesakes. I was named after U N ITED KINGDOM
my granddad, and he was named after his father.
However, we have different patronymics. d) Ms Carmen Brown
5. His aunt decided to keep her maiden name when Florida International University
she got married. That’s why her husband and she have 34 University Park Lane
different surnames, and their children have taken their Miami, FL 33139
father’s surname.
6. He entered university when he was just a little over GUIDELINES FOR ADDRESSING ENVELOPES
20, and when he was about 30, he wrote his first book.
He chose a pen name because he didn’t like his first 1. Write the address of a person you are writing to
name and surname. almost half-way down the envelope and indented about
7. I tried to tell her real age. If she left school at 17, one-third of the way from the left edge.
then she must be 32 now. It turns out that we are of 2. Put the return address in the upper left-hand corner.
the same age, and I thought that she was about 25. 3. On the envelope put the full name or a “title” (Mr,
8. When I sign my letters to Peter I never Mrs, Miss, Ms, Dr, etc.) before the name.
put my full name, just the initials. It’s more 4. Put house number, street name, then town, and ZIP
than enough because we are good friends. code.
9. When parents register their child’s birth, they choose 5. Do not use a comma to separate a state from ZIP
a name that he/ she will have for the rest of their life. code and a street number from the name of the street.

44 A way to success
341
 Tapescripts and answer key section
Miss Nancy Shafer 3. “She had short, thick forearms, fingers like cocktail
2362 Jackson Street sausages, and a broad fleshy nose with flared nostrils.
Wheeling, IL 60090 Her head was too large for her body. Her earlobes
Ms Naomi Martinez were weighted loops, her earrings sitting in them
423 St.Catherine Avenue like children in a merry-go(not all the way)-round.”
Phoenix, A Z 85040 (Arundhuti Roy, “The God of the Small Things”)
4. “In his late thirties, he was an unathletic little man.
His taut belly was completely at odds with the rest
Unit 2. HANDSOME IS AS HANDSOME DOES of his thin, narrow body and sallow cheeks. His neat,
pencil moustache divided his upper lip horizontally
into half. His hair had begun to recede. It was oiled
S
and combed back off his forehead. Clearly youth was
HEAD: face; cheekbone; earlobe; forehead; nostril; not what he was after.” (Arundhuti Roy, “The God of
jaw; mouth; the Small Things”)
TRUNK: shoulders; back; neck; waist; buttocks; 5. “Then a figure appeared in the doorway. He saw me
bosom; navel; belly; breast; chest; without surprise, with a small smile on his face. He was
LIMBS: hand; fingernail; thumb; palm; ring finger; nearly completely bald as old leather, a man whose age
knee; ankle; toes; arm; forefinger; elbow. was impossible to tell. The most striking thing about
him was the intensity of his eyes: very dark-brown
в emphasized by the remarkably clear whites. He was
A) 1. jaw; 2. hair; 3. teeth; 4. cheek; 5. eyebrow; 6. eye; obviously a man who rarely smiled. Deep furrows ran
7. nose; 8. throat; 9. eyelashes; 10. ear; 11. forehead; from beside his aquiline nose to the corners of his firm
12. chin; 13. lip; 14. tongue; 15. mouth; 16. neck. mouth; they suggested experience, command.” (John
B) 1. shoulder; 2. head; 3. back; 4. elbow; 5. thigh; Fowles, “The Magus”)
6. wrist; 7. ankle; 8. foot; 9. leg; 10. chest; 11. finger; 6. “It was a slim girl of about my height, in her
12. hand; 13. knee; 14. bottom; 15. toe; 16. stomach; early twenties. She had a ravishingly pretty face,
17. waist; 18. heel; 19. arm; 20. thumb. but completely untanned, without any make-up.
The Botticelli face; gray-violet eyes. The eyes especially
m were beautiful; almond eyes, giving a natural mystery
l. bulging; 2. receding; 3. shrewd; 4. frail; 5. stooped; to the face... But her smile was strange — as if she was
6. hour-glass; 7. snub; 8. aquiline; 9. tangled. sharing a secret with me. There was something about
her mouth calm and amused, that was at the same time
ш enigmatic...” (John Fowles, “The Magus”)
a.4; b.5; c.2; d.6; e.8; f.ll; g.7; h.9; i.21; j.13; k.18; 1.16;
m . 17; n.14; o.l; p.12; q.10; r.20; s. 19; t.15; u.3. m
1. I liked Rebecca at first sight. She had clever
m (intelligent), kind, slightly quizzical eyes, a little bit
1. “How could any woman not love him? Six feet tall, turned up small nose, well-cut lips and a charming
two hundred pounds, wide shoulders, a slim waist, smile.
muscular, and a face like a dark angel: well-cut lips 2. Like a real Frenchwoman Mari changed her hairdo
like those on a marble statue. It wasn’t unusual for and the colour of her hair very often. Yesterday she
women to be struck dumb at the sight of him.” (Jude could be a blonde with beautifully waved shoulder-
Deveraux, “The Heiress”) length hair; today she could wear it in a bun at the
2. “As for Jamie, he saw a very pretty young woman, nape of her head, and it could shine in the sun like
not beautiful like the heiress, but the animation on copper; tomorrow it could be ash blond with a few
her face made up for everything. She had a heart- highlights in flyaway breezy strands. Mari was light-
shaped face with dark hazel eyes surrounded by silky minded and thought more about her appearance than
dark lashes, a little straight nose and the most perfect about her studies and her future career.
mouth he had ever seen.” (Jude Deveraux, “The 3. Though Mrs Louder was not yet 35 there were a lot
Heiress”) of grey strands in her hair. She had hardly ever dyed

342
 Tapescripts and answer key section
her hair and one could see that before she started to go pleasant, polite
grey, her hair was dark brown. In the picture hanging radiant, ready, reassuring
on the wall one could see young Mrs Louder. In it she sceptical, silly, sincere, stupid, sunny
had two funny pig-tails, mischievous eyes and a broad trained, tense
happy smile. understanding
4. Agatha Christie gave her famous character Hercule victorious
Poirot such a memorable appearance that this character winning
of her novels could always be easily recognized/ be easy
to recognize. He was not tall and rather stocky. He had ЕШ
an egg-shaped head, a bushy moustache, which he took to cheer smb up; to change mood; a bad experience;
great care of, and clever, shrewd eyes. Besides he had a a toothy grin; a sincere/ genuine/ felt smile; genuine
habit to dress well and in taste, he liked punctuality and happiness; eye contact; miserable; to reflect the
symmetry in everything. smiler’s feelings; the more you smile, the happier you
5. Most nations have distinctive features of appearance. become; persuasive; trustworthy.
For example, people from oriental countries are short
rather than tall. They have jet-black hair, dark slanting ED
eyes and round faces. Slavs, on the contrary, are l.g; 2.d; 3.f; 4.b; 5.a; 6.c; 7.e.
usually tall, with fair or chestnut hair, big blue, hazel,
grey or green eyes. Historic chronicles describe Slavic EB
men as broad-shouldered, muscular, with moustaches 1. took the edge off; 2. gets to; 3. feel blue/ are feeling
and beards. Slavic women were mostly tall and slender blue; 4. felt the urge; 5. lift her spirits; 6. feel at ease; 7.
in youth, but got pleasantly plump in the middle age. make the best of.
By the ancient tradition Slavic women wore long plaits
and did not cover their heads with kerchiefs. After the EB
wedding the plaits were wound round the head and SUGGESTED ANSWERS:
covered with a kerchief or a headdress.
1. mysterious; 2. icy; 3. sceptical; 4. nervous;
ш 5. victorious, happy, radiant; 6. happy; 7. nasty;
1. Miserable Smile (4); 2. Power Smile (5); 3. Flirtatious 8. fake, fixed, glued, insincere; 9. happy, radiant,
Smile (2); 4. Qualifier Smile (3); 5. Embarrassed friendly; 10. ready, fake, fixed, glued.
Smile (6); 6. Felt Smile (1).
eb
m
TAPESCRIPT
ADJECTIVES TO DESCRIBE SMILES
Smile, though your heart is aching
attractive Smile, even though it’s breaking,
brave, broad When there are clouds in the sky.
charming You’ll get by, if you smile
disarming, deceiving Through your fear and sorrow,
encouraging Smile and maybe tomorrow
friendly, false, fake, fixed You’ll see the sun
glued, genuine Come shining through
hearty, happy For you.
ironic, intriguing, icy Light up your face with gladness,
jolly Hide every trace of sadness,
kind, knowing Although a tear may be ever so near.
lovely, little That’s the time you must keep on trying,
mysterious Smile, what’s the use of crying?
nasty, nervous, nice, naughty You’ll find that life is still worth while
optimistic If you just smile.

44*
343
 Tapescripts and answer key section
25 B)
If you’re shy, take a debate class to help you feel more
l.i; 2.d; 3.c; 4.e; 5.j; 6.b; 7.k; 8.1; 9.f; lO.g; ll.a; 12.h. comfortable speaking up.
If you’re overly talkative, learn to listen more.
EH
If the first vowel in your first name is ‘y’, you are
stupid — not very smart; cruel — not very kind; intuitive, somewhat controlled and contained at the
greedy — not very generous; rude — not very polite; beginning of conversation. You can sometimes seem
ugly — not very good-looking; reserved — not very stand-offish or “bottled-up,” so it might help you to
open/ not very communicative; absent-minded — not take a speech class to help you be more open.
very attentive; cowardly — not very brave; suspicious —
not very straightforward; boring — not very interesting/ EH
not very exciting; short — not very tall; miserable — 1. By her nature, she was very stubborn and with
not very happy. a strong commanding stance/ liked to be bossy.
She trusted only herself and was independent in her
Ш thoughts and deeds. All these qualities can be spoken
l.j; 2.a; 3.i; 4.f; 5.b; 6.c; 7.h; 8.d; 9.e; lO.g. of both as advantages and disadvantages.
2. I never liked his caution and suspicion in his
EH attitude to other people. I was looking forward to going
1. opinions; 2. practise; 3. intuitive; 4. activity; back home.
5. considerate; 6. understanding; 7. quick; 8. appearing; 3. When we describe our favourite cinema characters
9. enthusiastic; 10. opposite; 11. comfortable; 12. listen; they turn out to be very nice people that is honest,
13. conversation; 14. might. faithful, friendly and always ready to help.
TAPESCRIPT 4. We think that a future teacher should be optimistic.
This profession presupposes an active position in life,
Think the spelling of your name means nothing? creativity, generosity of heart, flexibility and tolerance
According to the noted astrologist Terry Miller, the to pupils’ mistakes.
spelling of your name says a lot about your personality. 5. His love of travelling and risk-taking brought
If the first vowel in your first name is ‘a’, you are him to remote Alaska. His fear of strong emotions,
assertive, bold and dramatic. You have strong opinions his confidence that these feelings were not for him,
and sometimes you talk before you think things deprived him of the only loving heart. All he had was
through. You may need to practise diplomacy and tact. loneliness and eternal winter.
If the first vowel in your first name is ‘e’, you are 6. Experts claim that our attention is mostly drawn
thoughtful, entertaining, intuitive, and usually able to to considerate/ thoughtful/ sympathetic, modest and
keep up any conversation. Your mind needs constant sociable people. Naturally this only happens when they
activity, so you may have trouble staying totally are physically attractive.
focused.
If the first vowel in your first name is T, you are
considerate, gentle and you try to maintain a positive, Unit 3. EVERY MAN TO HIS TRADE
understanding approach in conversations. Patience is
sometimes lacking, so you may have a quick temper. В
Learn to let some time pass before making any hasty
decisions. l.c; 2.e; 3.f; 4.i; 5.j; 6.g; 7.b; 8.k; 9.d; lO.h; ll.a.
If the first vowel in your first name is ‘o ’, you are
knowledgeable, sensitive and patient. You usually try H
to go along with the crowd in conversations. You can l.d; 2.a; 3.f; 4.e; 5.g; 6.c; 7.b; 8.h.
seem a bit phony at times, and should watch appearing
two-faced. □
If the first vowel in your first name is ‘u’, you are 1. mathematician; 2. technician; 3. chemist;
intelligent, charming, enthusiastic, socially skilled, 4. astronomer; 5. physicist; 6. physician;
and good with words. You can be somewhat withdrawn 7. physicist; 8. psychologist; 9. historian;
or shy, or just the opposite — overly talkative at times. 10. philosopher; 11. actor; 12. editor; 13. musician.

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 Tapescripts and answer key section
В
a) postman; b) soldier; c) lawyer; d) secretary; 1. The job of a school teacher has its advantages and
e) librarian; f) architect. disadvantages, but it is as interesting as working in
a higher education establishment if one really loves
в children.
Professions: lawyer; web designer; broker; receptionist; 2. Waitresses and flight attendants have to be attentive
draughtsman-draftsman (AE). and very polite in order to serve customers and
Trades: engine driver; florist; forester; goldsmith; passengers well.
midwife; traffic warden; typist; refuse collector; 3. Housekeeping is a job just like any other one. No
blacksmith; guard. one can say for sure how long a housewife’s day lasts.
Unskilled jobs: laundress; locksmith; loader; miller; 4. A miner’s work is very hard labour. They work
shepherd; bricklayer. deep under the surface of the earth in hard working
conditions. That’s why they take early retirement.
в 5. The police look for criminals and solve a lot of
1. media: an editor; a journalist; a newsreader; crimes every week.
a publisher; 6. I’ve always dreamt of being an army officer
2. tourism: a travel agent; a guide; (= a military officer) and serving in the army.
3. counselling: a psychoanalyst; a social worker; 7. Nowadays, sales-assistants at the market not only
4. finance: an accountant; an auditor; a bank teller; weigh products but also wrap them in some paper
5. sciences: an astronomer; an archaeologist; (= put them in a paper/ plastic bag).
a physicist; 8. This old experienced hairdresser makes wonderful
6. arts and entertainment: an actor; a DJ; a playwright; hairstyles for his clients. It’s no wonder that there’s always
7. health care: a physician; a surgeon. a queue of people (= a line of people (AE)) to see him
(OR: you have to sign up in advance to see him).
в 9. When a fire breaks out, people call a fire brigade at
1. by adding the suffix -ist: e.g. florist, physicist... once, and fire fighters try to put out the fire as soon as
2. by adding the suffix -er/or: e.g. furrier, dyer... possible.
3. by adding the suffix -ian: e.g. electrician, physician... 10. Best architects in the world were invited to the
4. by adding the suffix -ess: e.g. actress... building of St Petersburg.
5. by joining two stems (compounding): e.g. dairymaid, 11. There are so many laws in our country that only the
paymaster, goldsmith... best-qualified lawyers and judges know them perfectly well.
6. by abbreviation: e.g. DJ... 12. Every play by this extremely talented playwright
7. by collocating two words: e.g. traffic warden. reflects the psychology of an ordinary contemporary
person.
в 13. Doing research in the field of physics and
1. a flight attendant; 2. ambulance staff/ ambulance chemistry as in any other field of science requires
crew; 3. a chairperson; 4. a cleaner; 5. a fire fighter; considerable investments.
6. a supervisor; 7. a nurse; 8. a police officer; 14. The Head Engineer asked his secretary reader
9. a sales assistant/ a shop assistant; 10. a to make a copy of this letter, to send a fax and to
spokesperson. make arrangements for the meeting and presentation
of the new products planned for the next day.
KB
a) lawyer; b) farmer; c) vet; d) waiter; e) customs KB
officer; f) model; g) architect; h) tailor. to get the sack — to be dismissed — to be fired;
to be laid off — to be made redundant;
IB to be hired — to be employed;
I. an astrologist; 2. a florist; 3. an archivist; to be a workaholic — to work like a dog;
4. a surgeon; 5. a tailor; 6. an optician; 7. a dustman; to recruit — to take on;
8. an electrician; 9. an estate agent; 10. a publisher; to be unemployed — to be out of work;
II. a receptionist; 12. a dentist; 13. a hairdresser. to get promoted — to climb a career ladder.

345
 Tapescripts and answer key section
EB ш
1. My father works in shifts. 1. salary/ promotion; 2. qualifications; 3. commission;
2. I prefer to work flexi-tim e/ flexi hours. 4. references; 5. perks; 6. job security; 7. ambitious.
3. I was made redundant./ I was laid off.
4. Brian works part-time. ЕЕЕП
5. My mother works regular hours./ She works nine- A bad workman blames his tools.
to-five. If a job is worth doing, it’s worth doing well.
6. You are a workaholic. Make hay while the sun shines.
7. He was fired./ He got the sack./ He was dismissed. Many hands make light work.
8. He has taken early retirement. Too many cooks spoil the broth.
9. He has been promoted. Early to bed, early to rise makes you healthy, wealthy
10. He is on the dole. and wise.
Never put off until tomorrow what you can do today.
The devil makes work for idle hands.
EB All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.
“a jo b ” — what you have to do, a task, a duty; The early bird catches the worm.
“an occupation ” — what your time is chiefly engaged Поганому танцюристу ноги заважають.
with; one’s trade; 3 розумом провадити справу.
“a trade” — skilled manual jobs requiring training; Куй зaлiзo, поки не згасло.
“a profession ” — a job that requires considerable Гуртом добре й батька бити.
training and/ or qualifications; Де велика рада, там рщкий борщ.
“aposition” — a person’s relative place, as in society; Хто робить — голий не ходить.
rank, status; Що маеш завтра зробити, зроби сьогодш.
“a post“ — the same as ‘job’ in formal style with Диявол знаходить роботу незайнятим рукам.
reference to professional people. Праця без вщпочинку розуму не додае.
1. occupation; 2. career; 3. position; 4. profession; Рання пташка пшеничку клюе, а шзня — очки дере.
5. position; 6. post; 7. vacancies; 8. jobs; 9. job;
10. profession; 11. position; 12. vacancies; 13. career; т
14. post; 15. job; 16. calling; 17. occupation; 18. job. 1. I take true pleasure in my job. I’m lucky to have nice
colleagues. I’ve got quite a high salary and a flexible
ш schedule (= I work flexi-time). But the most important is
Work: to get; to do; to find; to look for; to have; to offer the chance to travel abroad three or four times a year.
A Job: to get; to do; to find; to look for; to have; 2. The thing that I like most about my job is the opportunity
to offer; to take on to do intellectual work and improve my knowledge. Our
A Living: to make; to earn; to do for boss is an inspirational person. Besides, thanks to him,
we have a chance to serve people through our work.
EB 3. I am a creative person, so it is important for me
Special qualities to have a chance to plan my day myself. Sometimes,
Job Work place Responsibilities
required
operates the controls perfect eyesight,
I can work overtime on weekdays and then work
1. pilot airport,
quick over the weekend. At other times I finish work early.
airplane of an aircraft reaction Besides, I always need a long vacation.
2. farm er farm works on a form, grows ve­ physical strength,
getables, breeds animals love for nature
4. Everyone dreams of having a pleasant job with good
3. draughts­ design makes plans and accuracy, patience, promotion prospects.
man bureau sketches o f m achinery good eyesight
and buildings
5. I often remember my first job. The working
4. sculptor art studio creates works o f art in artistic talent, environment was pleasant and we costantly received
stone, metal, wood, etc. im agination some kind of training.
5. secretary office types letters, reports, etc. handw riting skills
6. cook, restaurant cooks food knowledge of different E ia
chef countries’ cuisines
7. veterina­ veterinary hos­ treats sick anim als sympathy, patience, 1. developing; 2. seing; 3. one with their; 4. one of
rian pital, clinics love for anim als
learning; 5. unsure of his ability; 6. gain confidence;

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 Tapescripts and answer key section
7. getting a B; 8. seing the progress; 9. have RH
been accepted; 10. encourages me; 11. personal
investment. l.F; 2.F; 3.F; 4.T; 5.F; 6.F; 7.F; 8.T.

TAPESCRIPT ИП
1. boom; 2. flip-flops; 3. to redeem; 4. show up;
The two factors which make my job as a high school 5. to sell oneself; 6. a headhunter; 7. a job prospect;
teacher satisfying are developing a sense of trust with 8. put off; 9. scramble; 10. fancy; 11. to stump.
the students and seeing their progress. First of all,
it is necessary to develop a sense of trust between m
my students and myself. I have always felt that it RESOURCE MATERIAL FOR THE TEACHER
is indispensable for the teacher to build a good
relationship with students, and one with their parents as 10 Tips for getting a Great job
well. A good relationship with the students makes the (by Tom Fischgrund, p. 82, 92, Cosmopolitan, June, 1994)
atmosphere in class one of learning and the students 1. First, get comfortable with the idea that finding
find themselves eager to learn. For example, last year a job is going to be a full-time occupation. Then set
a student of mine, Juan, told me that he was very some specific goals and make up a time schedule.
unsure of his ability to do mathematics because he had For example, the first month you might plan to focus
been transferred from a school that had a poor math on a career in banking. If after a month your attempts
department. To help him gain confidence, I worked to get interviews in banking are unsuccessful, then try
with him during the lunch period and helped him something else such as accounting or look for a slightly
catch up with the class. At the end of the semester, he different position in banking. Every week, plan to send
was getting a B, and he said to me, “You trusted me out ten letters and call five new companies. This may
and helped me learn to trust myself. Thank you.” sound very structured, but it will help keep you going
The second factor that makes my job as a teacher in the face of rejection.
satisfying is seeing the progress of my students. 2. Desire is everything. You must want the job and
Of course, it is part of my job to encourage students communicate this to the interviewer. Employers always
to get good results on their examinations; yet, it gives look for enthusiasm in applicants, because usually
me a sense of personal satisfaction when they have an enthusiastic interviewee becomes a successful
been accepted by the university of their choice or get employee. If you want something badly enough, you
a summer job based on some of the skills I have taught generally have a good chance of getting it.
them. Their success encourages me to work harder 3. Be persistent. Persistence pays off Many times
so that their dreams, and those of their parents, will employers go through an elaborate job search, select
come true. While it is true that I am often evaluated by a candidate, and then notify the other prospective
whether or not my students succeed, it is the personal candidates that the job has been filled. Sometimes
investment in their future that makes me feel satisfied the person they’ve chosen changes her mind. Then
with my job. If I had to choose a career all over again, the search is reopened. In that case, the persistent but
I would definitely choose teaching. unsuccessful job seeker who had sent a thank-you note
and followed up after being rejected will have a head
m start on the others. Also, you may not be right for the
l.c; 2.k; 3.b; 4.h; 5.g; 6.d; 7.i; 8.a; 9.e; lO.j; ll.f. job you were interviewing for, but you may be a good
fit with the company. Therefore, just because you have
REl been turned down for one position doesn’t mean there
1. wages; 2. fees; 3. commission; 4. grant; 5. royalty; aren’t others that would be just right for you.
6. pay; 7. holiday pay; sick pay; 8. bonus; 9. salary; 4. Send out a lot of resumes, and don’t be discouraged.
10. overtime pay. Getting a job is like finding the right man — you only
need one. Some job hunters send out hundreds of
ИЛ resumes. In this market environment, when companies
l.a; 2.a; 3.c; 4.b; 5.a; 6.b; 7.c; 8. mail Box 45867, are cutting costs and downsizing, job opportunities
Chicago 60647; 9. call Mr. Merton, tel. number are limited. Therefore, it may take extra effort to get
555-1921. a job. Remember, the more resumes you send out, the

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 Tapescripts and answer key section
better the possibility of finding what you want. When 9. Don’t rule out quirky alternatives. Do not rule out
you send out lots of resumes, you’re going to get lots small companies you’ve never heard of or unfamiliar
of rejections. Don’t take this personally. With heavy industries. Many of the companies most admired
competition for few positions, rejection is part of the ten years ago have lost money and cut staff. Other
process. Almost everyone gets a job eventually. Stay companies, which were just starting up back then, have
with it, and don’t be discouraged. made millionaires of many of their employees. There are
5. Use your contacts. It’s not only what you know, many small, unusual companies in the communications
it’s who you know. First, a good contact can ensure and computer/ entertainment industries. Retailing
that your resume will be looked at seriously. Second, is going through great changes, which means more
a contact can vouch for you, which automatically nontraditional avenues may open. Be creative in your job
lessens the risk for the prospective employer. Third, search, and don’t reject unknown companies. Ten years
contacts may suggest some companies and industries from now, these unknowns may dominate the industry.
you might never even have thought about. 10. Take your time. When looking for a job, each week may
6. Set realistic goals. We all want great jobs in high- seem endless. It is never easy to get what you want. You
paying industries with solid futures. The reality is that have a lot of interviews, receive lots of positive feedback,
most jobs don’t offer that, especially when you start and then often are rejected. It is easy to get discouraged,
out. It is necessary for most new employees to pay their especially in a tight job market. You may become so
dues and work hard before they reap great rewards. frustrated that you’re tempted to jump at the first job you
Decide what you want to do. Aim high, but be are offered. Try not to panic. Decide whether the offer is
realistic. Your first job in your chosen career may be at really right for you, and if it isn’t, turn it down politely. An
a lower level than you anticipated. But if it offers good, extra couple of months in the job market may seem like
long-term opportunity, then the potential benefits will forever, but it is almost always worth the wait.
outweigh any short-term disadvantages.
7. Make sure you feel good about the company’s 3 6 A)
products and services. Who would you rather work THE WRONG WAY:
for, a company whose products you love or one
whose products you consider second-rate? While 1. He lost patience with having to repeat the same
you don’t necessarily have to personally use a information several times.
product or service — for example, a man could 2. Because he was annoyed, he did not give all the
sell women’s shampoo or a woman could market information he should have given to Mr Livingstone’s
football equipment — it is critical that you respect secretary. She got a bad impression of him.
the company. You should feel good about what the 3. By the time Joe talked to Mr Livingstone, he’d
company sells, its philosophy, and the people who work forgotten all the rules of having a good telephone
there. When you join the company, you represent them interview. His answers were not good. He didn’t even
and become part of the corporation, and it’s important give his name. Mr Livingstone had to ask for it.
to feel some pride in what you do. 4. He didn’t talk about the personal qualifications he had.
8. Try to schedule an interview with the key decision­ 5. He did not answer politely.
maker. When looking for a job, go directly to the top 6. He did not seem interested in the job.
if possible. Try to find out who does the actual hiring, 7. He gave Mr Livingstone the impression that he
then call him or her and try to set up an interview. The really didn’t care about the job.
human-resources department is often used to collect THIS IS WHAT JOE SHOULD HAVE DONE:
resumes and screen candidates. They decide whether
or not a resume is sent on, but they don’t decide whom 1. He should have patiently and politely repeated his
to hire. Personnel managers are important since they name and reason for calling to each person to whom
can block your candidacy, but it’s a good idea to try to he spoke.
speak directly with the person doing the hiring. Do be 2. He should have answered Mr Livingstone’s questions
careful not to offend the people in personnel or make about qualifications by listing personal characteristics
them feel you are going over their heads. On the other that would help him do a good job. (For example,
hand, if you can talk with the person who can say “I have a good attendance record. I enjoy working with
“Yes, you’re hired,” do it. lists and inventories. I keep very accurate records. If I

348
 Tapescripts and answer key section
am given directions, I follow them well, and so on.”) Joe: Mr Livingstone, my name is Joseph Smith. I’m
3. He should not have used slang (“Yeah”) or incorrect calling in answer to your ad in the Sunday News for
business English when speaking to anyone when a stock clerk in your dock warehouse.
applying for a job. M r Livingstone: Fine, Mr Smith. What are your
4. He should have used the name o f the person to qualifications for the job?
whom he is speaking, if he can. This is polite and Joe: Well, sir, I am good at keeping accurate records.
makes a good impression. I kept records of the stock in a grocery store last
5. He should hsve asked what he needed to know about summer. I got good grades in math in school. I also
the job. (Such things as where the job is, the hours, had a good attendance record.
and the type of work.) M r Livingstone: Did you graduate from high school?
6. He then should have found out if they wish him to Joe: Yes, Mr Livingstone. I graduated in June. Can you
come in, and if so, the time and place. tell me something about the job, sir? What would I be
Joe didn’t get to steps 5 and 6 because Mr Livingstone doing?
cut him off. He had lost interest in talking with Joe. M r Livingstone: Of course. You would be keeping the
He probably decided that Joe was not the kind of records of all incoming stock that is received at our
person he wanted to hire. dock warehouse. You would also be responsible for
TAPESCRIPT 1
letting the foreman know when more has to be ordered.
Joe: I could handle that, sir. Where would I be
Secretary: Mr. Livingstone’s office. working?
Caller: May I speak to Mr. Livingstone, please? M r Livingstone: The warehouse on the docks is located
Secretary: May I ask in reference to what? at 110 Water Street.
Caller: (getting annoyed) I’m calling about a job. Joe: Mr Livingstone, what salary is being offered?
Secretary: What job is that, sir? M r Livingstone: The starting pay is $175 per week.
Caller: (getting more annoyed) Stock clerk. If you do well, you would get a $25 a week raise after
Secretary: Is that the stock clerk at the supply six months.
warehouse or the dock warehouse? Joe: That sounds very good.
Caller: (rudely) The dock warehouse, if it makes that M r Livingstone: I am interested in talking with you in
much difference. person. You sound like someone we’d like to hire. Can
Secretary: One minute, sir. I’ll see if Mr Livingstone is you come for an interview tomorrow at 10 A.M.?
available. Joe: Yes, sir. Where would I come for the interview?
M r Livingstone: John Livingstone. M r Livingstone: My office is in the Steel Building on
Caller: I’m calling about a job. the corner of Light and Dark Streets. I’m in suite 553.
M r Livingstone: What job? Joe: (reading) That’s the Steel Building, Light and
Caller: The stock clerk in the dock warehouse. Dark Streets, Suite 553 at 10.
M r Livingstone: To whom am I speaking? M r Livingstone: That’s correct.
Caller: My name is Joseph Smith. Joe: Thank you, Mr Livingstone. I’ll be there. Good­
M r Livingstone: What qualifications do you have for bye.
the job?
Caller: I don’t know. I never had a job like that before. ЕБ1
M r Livingstone: (sounding bored) Did you graduate a) 3; b) 7; c) 9; d) 8; e) 1; 0 4; g) 5; h) 6; i) 10; j) 11; k)
from high school? 12; 1) 2.
Caller: Yeah.
M r Livingstone: (coldly) Give me your phone number. ш
Caller: 387-4952. 1. Job satisfaction is very important but I have
M r Livingstone: We may call you. (Hangs up.) a family, so I have to think about money too. I am
an architect by profession and recently I have been
36 B) made redundant (I have been laid off). At the moment
TAPESCRIPT 2 I am looking for a job; I want to know what prospects
I may have, what salary I will get, whether there will
M r Livingstone: John Livingstone. be any pay rise, a chance of promotion and perks

349
 Tapescripts and answer key section
such as free meals and transport. I also want to know it’s not considered to be one of the best-paid jobs, but
whether Г11 have holiday pay, sick pay, at what age Г11 teachers’ working day is short, though you have to
be able to retire. I can’t be called a workaholic, but work at home as well, teachers have long holidays and
I am not going to hold the same position all my life, they are always in summer. But the main thing is that
and I want to climb the career ladder. the process of teaching pupils and learning something
2. While job-hunting one should know how to read new together with them gives an incredible enjoyment!
want ads, fill out job applications, write resumes and 6. My father works as a carpenter at a building site.
have a successful interview. Most Americans start It’s hard manual ( = physically hard) work. He mainly
working part-time when they are teenagers. Young works in shifts. He has a lot of experience and recently
people often need to get part-time jobs after school he has been appointed foreman. He is considered to be
and at/ on weekends in order to make pocket money. a skilled worker and gets decent money (wages, pay) for
Males tend to get jobs as delivery boys and females his job. And my mother is a nurse at a local hospital,
work as babysitters. Teenagers also get jobs in retail and she works flexi-time. She gets far less money than
stores, fast food restaurants, etc. Most of these jobs my father does, though her work isn’t less exhausting.
often pay the minimum wages. People get full-time 7. I work as a translator for a scientific publishing
employment after they complete high school, a training house. I translate books in different fields from
course or college. Most American people work until English into Ukrainian. It is, certainly, sometimes
the age of 65, though there are companies that allow difficult to translate scientific works in chemistry or
employees to work until they are 70 or let them take physics, but talking to specialists in these fields is
early retirement before 65. very helpful. My latest work, a book by a group of
3. Michael decided to change his job — his position British authors in criminology (OR: science of crime
of a clerk in an accountant department seemed boring detecting), was extremely interesting and maybe
and monotonous, he didn’t get any bonuses, he often that’s why didn’t seem all that difficult. Besides, I’m
worked overtime. After a couple of months he managed responsible for keeping up business correspondence
to find a job in an international travel company. He with the British and American publishing houses that
applied for a vacancy and was taken on. But after a we work with. Nowadays the correspondence is kept
year he disliked his new job — that life in hotels, the up almost exclusively through the e-mail. So, today
constant moving around. Besides, the management of computing and Internet user skills are among the many
the company found his work unsatisfactory and finally requirements to the contemporary translator.
he was fired (sacked, dismissed, given the sack). Now
Michael is out of work (unemployed) and he is on the
dole, which is hardly enough to live on (survive). Unit 4. WORK DONE, HAVE YOUR FUN
4. I do clerical work in the office. I deal with the
in-tray correspondence that I have to send to other Ш
companies. I file these letters alphabetically into a big 1. I can’t stand/ hate/ can’t bear jazz.
filing cabinet. I have to answer the telephone calls and 2. I can’t stand/ hate/ can’t bear/ get annoyed about
arrange meetings for my management as well. I work by watching horror films.
much at the computer. Of course, it’s very important 3. He didn’t care for the cinema.
that we should always have envelopes and paper and so 4. This painter’s pictures appeal to me.
on, and it’s one of my responsibilities to buy stationery. 5. They are keen on/ are crazy about gardening.
I wonder what they’d do without me! 6. She is keen on/ enjoys/ is very fond of skiing and golf.
5. Many young people go to higher educational 7. Did you enjoy the concert yesterday?
establishments. They want to be teachers. I regard 8. She is crazy about/ adores her cats!
the profession of a teacher as very noble and useful. 9. I was fascinated with/ enjoyed reading the stories of
The teacher constantly deals with many people, his travels around the world and hunting in the jungles.
especially children. You have to know your subject
perfectly and be creative; all the time you have to ш
invent something new that can interest your pupils. 1. go; 2. did; gave it up; 3. collected; 4. play; 5. makes;
Like any other profession the profession of a teacher 6. go/goes; take; 7. joined; 8. play; watch; listen to;
has both advantages and disadvantages. Of course, 9. do; 10. go.

350
 Tapescripts and answer key section
m 27 B)
VERB NOUN A D JE C T IV E l.F; 2.F; 3.F; 4.F; 5.F.
adore adoration adorable, adoring
attract attraction attractive 27 C)
appeal appeal appealing
hate hate, hatred hateful
1. a lucky escape; 2. a fully mature animal; 3. regular
prefer preference preferable vaccinations; 4. natural immunity against disease;
enjoy enjoyment enjoyable 5. to be extra-susceptible; 6. disease antibodies; 7.
fascinate fascination fascinating deadly virus; 8. table scraps; 9. to do harm; 10. a
care care caring, careless, careful
regular source of food; 11. tinned food; 12. greasy or
tempt tem ptation tem pting
highly spiced food; 13. a cure for worms; 14. internal
tend tendency
collect collection, collector, collective, collectible (adj) parasites; 15. a prescribed medicine.
collecting,collectible (n)
TAPESCRIPT

1. caring; 2. preference; 3. collection; 4. tempting; We asked the Australian Veterinary Association for its
5. adorable; 6. fascination; 7. appealing; 8. enjoyments. views on some common beliefs about our four-footed
friends.
m Belief: A cat has nine lives.
1. boring; 2. routine; 3. leisure; 4. music; 5. take up; Fact: Sadly, no — but he certainly has some lucky
6. become; 7. casual; 8. devote; 9. influence; 10. room. escapes!
Belief: A year in the life of a dog or a cat is the
EQ equivalent of seven years in a man’s life.
stamp(s) Fact: Your pet is younger than you think! A one-year-
old dog or cat is a fully mature animal, both physically
ЕШ and sexually. A two-year-old pet is the equivalent in
1. needlepoint; 2. crocheting; 3. embroidering; human terms of someone in their mid-twenties. After
4. patchwork; 5. batik; 6. knitting; 7. sewing; two, each year of a cat’s life is roughly the equivalent
8. ceramics; 9. jewellery; 10. weaving; 11. leather; of four human years, while each year for a dog is
12. metalworking. nearer to five. Smaller dogs will live even longer.
Belief: A cat always kept inside has no need for regular
m vaccinations.
5. computer addicts; Fact: Vaccinations are doubly important. An animal
7. (possible answers) connect people, make them confined to the house does not build up the natural
friends, exchange knowledge, information and joy. immunity against disease that outside animals do.
Computers process information by helping to create A cat kept indoors is therefore extra-susceptible as it
it and by displaying it, storing it, reorganizing it, has no chance to build up disease antibodies. It’s vital
calculating with it, and communicating it to other that cats are vaccinated against enteritis, for example,
computers. Computers can process numbers, words, as this deadly virus can be brought in on footwear or
still pictures, moving pictures and sounds. The most clothing.
powerful computers can perform tens of billions of Belief: You should not feed bones or table scraps to
calculations per second. pets.
Fact: To be on the safe side, you should not give bones
eq to cats. Some table scraps, such as bread, cheese or
a) hot-air ballooning; b) scuba diving; c) bungee vegetables will do no harm, so long as the pet has
jumping; d) mountaineering; e) mountain biking; a regular source of food, such as tinned food. Most
f) canoeing; g) wall climbing; h) hang gliding; animals should not be given greasy or highly spiced
i) whitewater rafting; j) paragliding. foods.
Belief: Garlic is a cure for worms.
m Fact: The only cure for worms — or any internal
1. hair-raising; 2. ardent; 3. myriad; 4. to swoop; 5. to catch parasites — is with a prescribed medicine, either from
on; 6. to shiver; 7. to anticipate; 8. to hover; 9. to swell. a pet shop or a veterinary surgeon.

351
 Tapescripts and answer key section
ЕБИП anywhere who also loves taking pictures. I especially
1. gardening; 2. sewing; 3. photography; like black and white ones because I can print my own
4. mountaineering; 5. computer. photos. I like taking pictures of old buildings, famous
people and exotic flowers at exhibitions. I like macro­
ЕБ1 photography, and trying new and different things, such
l.K,G; 2.K; 3.K,B,S,G; 4.B,S; 5.S; 6.G; as print toning. If you too have a love of photography,
7.B,S and K. and want to write and swap photos, then mail me!
TAPESCRIPT
ЕТЯ
1. Hi, my name is Kenneth Wishart, my friends Anna — Liz Gracy; Debbie — Mick Carter; Susan —
call me Kenneth, K, super К or K.W. You can call Patrick; Peter Barnes — Julie Potter; Chris — Kate
me whatever you want! I am currently studying Columbus.
for a degree in History at Aberdeen University in
Scotland. When I have completed my degree I plan 3 4 A)
to become a teacher of English Literature, like my l.F; 2.T; 3.F; 4.T; 5.F; 6.T; 7.T; 8.T; 9.F; 10.F; ll.T;
father Leonard Wishart. In my spare time I enjoy 12.F; 13.F; 14.F; 15.T; 16.F; 17.T; 18.F; 19.F; 20.F.
reading and writing poetry. I find the hobby gives me
relaxation and peace of mind. I also find pleasure in 3 4 B)
gardening. I love being alone with nature. I am in the Collecting everything connected with pigs: “mostly toy
University Life Saving club and I work as a lifeguard pigs and porcelain figures of piglets, postcards, calendars,
when Г т not at university. E-mail me for laughs and funny posters; about 30 pig shaped pens, erasers and
friendship ... and maybe more. pencil sharpeners ”.
2. Hello everyone. Г т 17, my name is Brenda, and Learning foreign languages: “picked up six languages...
I’m from Melbourne, Australia. Г т interested in Italian, then Polish, Russian, Czech, Greek and
making friends with as many people as possible and Spanish ”.
helping people through my friendship. I love cycling, Collecting dictionaries: “...buying dictionaries of
swimming, playing guitar, singing, songwriting, different languages ... have more than a hundred, even
spending time with the people I love, and playing with one in Swahili and a rare Mongolian-English edition ”.
my dog. Besides, I’ve got a lot of beer mats, they’re Travelling: “...I travel to a new country every 3 or
all everywhere in my room. When my friends come 4 months”.
around, I show them my treasures! If any of you share Knitting sweaters and scarves: “...they always have
these interests, or even if you don’t, drop me a line the American flag ornament”.
some time! Collecting wall-clocks: “Most of them are rather
3. My name is Serene. I am a Singaporean and a current unusual in their form (shape) and they show the time
working adult in the sales line. Due to my flexible of the countries they were brought from ”.
time, I always have lots of chances to relax and occupy Woodcarving: “I took up wood-carving ”.
myself with many activities. I love sports, all types of “I managed to carve a complete replica of the...”
ball games, but not swimming coz I can’t swim! When I Going in for sports: “Гт a member of our local golf
am playing sports games, I can’t think of anything else. club and I play g o lf...”
I am completely absorbed in them. And I am always “Гт fond of high mountain skiing...”
eager to win. If I fail, I feel frustrated. Besides, I adore “I often do a lot of windsurfing ”.
travelling, meeting people, movies, eating out, clubbing Candlemaking: "... I shape up bears and rabbits, pigs”.
and shopping. When buying watches for my collection I Singing: “Ising with the church choir”.
usually choose something of an extraordinary shape or Gardening: “I do a lot of gardening. Гт mad about roses”.
design. If you have the same interests or you are willing TAPESCRIPT
to be friends, write me now. Looking forward to hearing
from you soon. Interviewer: Today in our programme we are going to
4. Hello!! I am called Gareth, and I am from England. speak to Phil McDowell from New York who’s world-
I am mad about photography and would like to famous for the number of hobbies he has had in his
exchange e-mails (or normal mail) with anybody from life. Mr. McDowell, what was your first hobby?

352
 Tapescripts and answer key section —

Ph.M.: When a child I lived on a farm with my parents Ph.M.: Sweaters and scarves mainly.
15 miles away from New York and it was an apple farm. I: Are they your own or someone else’s design?
But we also had half a dozen pigs, which I loved dearly. Ph.M.: As a matter of fact, they all are of the same
I spent hours with my pigs every day and it was then design: they are plain and they always have the
that I started my first collection. I collected everything American flag ornament.
connected with pigs, mostly toy pigs and porcelain figures I: What do you do with them?
of piglets, postcards, calendars, funny posters. I had Ph.M.: I give them to nice people I meet in other
about 30 pig shaped pens, erasers and pencil sharpeners. countries. We swap souvenirs, actually. They give me
My friends even started calling me Porky, mainly for flags, national dolls, models of their landmarks, well,
those things they saw in my schoolbag. different things.
I: And was it your sole hobby or did you do anything I: Do you collect them as well?
else then? Ph.M.: No, I usually give them to my friends in
Ph.M.: Er... Well, when I was 12 my father started America. But when I was in France one French guy
inviting students from different European countries to presented me with a very unusual wall-clock in the
help gather apples on the farm. Every summer I made shape of the Eiffel Tower. That became the first item
friends with students of different nationalities and thus for of my wall-clock collection.
six summers I picked up six languages. I turned out to be I: How many wall-clocks do you have in your
good at languages, you know. The first was Italian, then collection?
Polish, Russian, Czech, Greek and Spanish. The students Ph.M.: 73, it makes about 10 for each room in my
usually left some books for me to read during the winter, house. Most of them are rather unusual in their form
and sometimes sent me some dictionaries and manuals. and they show the time of the countries they were
That was a kick-start for another collection. IVe been brought from.
buying dictionaries of different languages all my life. Now I: Then I wonder how you tell the time when you are
I have more than a hundred, even one in Swahili and a at home?
rare Mongolian-English edition. Actually, you can see Ph.M.: I have a wristwatch, of course. Ha-ha-ha...
them all here on the shelves. I: Mr McDowell, is knitting the only craft you are
I: And do you sometimes use them? interested in?
Ph.M.: Ha-ha-ha... I don’t speak all these languages, Ph.M.: To tell the truth, I enjoy work which uses
of course. But when I travel and I do travel a lot, I take my hands as well as my mind. That was one of the
one with me. Sometimes it helps explain what I need. I reasons why I took up woodcarving. When I was in
hope, I’ll learn more languages. Russia about 20 years ago I bought a wooden spoon
I: So travelling is another hobby you have, isn’t it? to use in my kitchen. Then my girlfriend saw it and
Ph.M.: Yes, I can afford it and I travel to new wanted to have the same. So I decided to make one
countries every 3 or 4 months. I’ve been to all for her. It didn’t turn out to be extremely difficult
European countries, Australia, New Zealand, some but was really exciting. I bought all the necessary
countries in Asia and Africa. This year I’m going to tools and, can you imagine, I managed to carve a
start exploring South America. So I’m mastering my complete replica of the Russian spoon. I’ve been into
Spanish at the moment. woodcarving since then and I can assure you, it’s
I: But you must be spending a lot of time on board or a fascinating hobby.
do you travel by car? I: And what do you carve?
Ph.M.: I hate driving. I used a bicycle when I travelled Ph.M.: I carve souvenir plates, kitchen utensils.
around France, cycling used to be my hobby at that At the moment I’m working on a big box for my sister’s
time. But now I really spend plenty of time in planes, jewellery.
trains, coaches, sometimes I go by ship. This is quite I: And do you play any sports?
time-consuming and I hate wasting a single moment, Ph.M .: Em... I can’t say I’m crazy about sports but
so about 5 years ago I started knitting to keep my I’m a member of our local golf club and I play golf
hands busy and brain awake while travelling. This from time to time just to be English enough, you
monotonous process of creating something beautiful know. In winter I usually spend a week in the Swiss
makes the dull journey fly by. Alps as I’m fond of high mountain skiing. But I still
I: And what beautiful things do you knit? need an instructor. And in summer I often do a lot

45 A way to success
353
 Tapescripts and answer key section
of windsurfing. That is the only kind o f sport I feel 3. Hobbies change with age. When I was seven, I
confident about. It makes me feel younger and I love got fond of collecting. What didn’t I collect then!
the smell of the sea wind. Stamps, badges, coins, post-cards, posters, car
I: Last year you were in all local newspapers for models. I exchanged (swapped) my treasures with my
the giant candle you made for Christmas celebration friends, who were also enthusiastic (keen) collectors.
in the Town Hall. I’ve been keeping my collections since then.
Ph.M.: Yeah, this is one more hobby I have that 4. My friend is crazy about (mad on/ about) high-risk
I’ve picked up from my grandpa. He taught me how sports. He goes in for mountaineering. I don’t share his
to make candles and every year before Christmas I’m hobby; it seems to me very dangerous. He says that this
busy candlemaking both for my numerous relatives sport is for real men and that he gets away from the
and for charity. I shape up bears and rabbits, pigs, daily routine climbing a steep rock and that the feeling
certainly. I prefer animal shapes but the candle you’ve of risk gives him pleasure. But it all frightens me! I’m
mentioned I made in the shape o f a Christmas tree afraid of heights, my heart pounds and my hair rises
about 5 feet high. when I just watch TV reports about mountaineers!
I: Oh. It’s really amazing. Can you say what other 5. There are a lot of things I don’t like. My pet hates
hobbies you have? are commercials on TV, they are horrible (dreadful)!
Ph.M.: Well, when Г т at home I sing with the I don’t mind watching interesting, educational
church choir. It’s part of our social life here in New programs, but some films and musical clips are just
York because of our famous cathedral. I used to be disgusting (revolting). I’m also annoyed by boring and
interested in archaeology and even dug up some primitive soap operas. I can’t stand (bear) people who
artifacts here in the centre of town. I do a lot of are sitting in front of their TV for hours and are not
gardening, indeed, Г т mad about roses. I think I have interested in anything else (indifferent to everything).
some hobbies but I can’t remember right now. In my opinion, this quickly becomes a nasty habit.
I: That’s incredible!? How do you find time to do all 6. There are many places for leisure activities in our
that? Don’t you have a job? city. In recreation centres you can find any hobby to
Ph.M.: Frankly speaking, I inherited a small fortune your liking. If singing appeals to you, you can join a
from my uncle, so I don’t have to work... Ha-ha-ha... choir, if you care for the theatre, you can play in an
amateur dramatic society. In these centers different
sport clubs are also available. If you haven’t decided
1. All my groupmates have some hobbies. These on a hobby yet, experienced specialists will help you.
activities help them to relax and have a rest after They will tell you what equipment you need to get for
classes. The girls prefer sewing, knitting or embroidery, cultivating your hobby, give you reference literature,
but the boys tend to do physically active hobbies such introduce you to other hobbyists (enthusiasts). You will
as sport games, hiking, mountain climbing, skating be taught to play musical instruments, take care of pot
or skiing. Almost all my friends have pets: goldfish, plants, pets, or play board games.
hamsters, parrots, cats and dogs. We often tell funny
stories about them and how we take care of our pets. Unit 5. YOUTH IS FULL OF PLEASURE?!
2. People of any age can have different hobbies. These
hobbies help them to spend their free time pleasantly, В
make new friends and learn something new. People l.d; 2.b; 3.a; 4.d; 5.c; 6.d; 7.c; 8.b.
often start (= take up, choose) a hobby, which is
quite different from what they usually do at work. For в
example, if a person works in an office all day long, a) Edward; b) Edward; c) Martin; d) Martin;
they will enjoy (doing the) gardening, going fishing, e) Edward; f) Edward; g) Edward; h) Edward;
playing football or tennis, in other words, they will i) Edward; j) Edward; k) Martin.
choose an outdoor activity. And if a person is a part of
a large staff (group) and socializes with many people, в
in their leisure/ free time they prefer staying alone to 1. to tackle a problem; 2. to exaggerate a problem;
relax after work reading an interesting book, drawing 3. to worsen a problem; 4. to cause a problem;
or taking photos. 5. to face a problem, to come up against a problem;

354
 Tapescripts and answer key section
6. to iron out a problem, to sort out a problem, to fix a Ш
problem; 7. to solve a problem; 8. to find an easy way out. noun verb adjective
development develop developed, developing
m poverty, poor im poverish p oor
a) to face, come up against a problem; b) to solve, fix, recognition recognize recognizable
influence influence influential
iron out, sort out a problem; c) to have, experience
increase increase increasing
a problem; d) to worsen a problem; e) to exaggerate
prevention prevent preventive, preventable
a problem; f) to run away from a problem; g) to find establishm ent establish established
smth a stumbling block; h) to find an easy way out. violence violate violent
anxiety anxious
m home home homeless, home
loneliness lonely
l.f; 2.a; 3.b; 4.g; 5.c; 6.d; 7.e.
m aturity m ature m ature
addiction, addict addict addicted, addictive
ПсЕП
security secure secure
1. impulsive; 2. aggressiveness; 3. recognition; 4. arguments; certainty ascertain certain
5. conflict; 6. restriction; 7. control; 8. settle.

rerni EH
1. trustworthy; 2. share; 3. establish; 4. sacrifice;
5. positive; 6. pressure; 7. loneliness. insecure; uncertainty; unfavourable; indirect; impossible;
independent; illegal; immaturity; ineffective; insecurity;
ш unpractical/ impractical; unemployment.
• insecure
НД
• worry
• impulsive 1. environment; 2. experienced; 3. lack; 4. established;
• conflict 5. trustworthy; 6. sacrificed; 7. crime; 8. drug-
• violence addiction; 9. issues; 10. begging; 11. defend; 12. peers;
• fear 13. crowd; 14. resulted.
• face
• argument
Bel
• restriction 1. to become addicted; 2. to put you at serious risk;
• rehabilitation 3. becoming totally dependent on it; 4. to interfere
• solution with your daily activities; 5. get yourself some help to
• fund quit; 6. constant use.
• break off EE1
TAPESCRIPT
EH
L etter # Addressed to Speaker #
an unfavourable daily environment; a transitional period;
1. 4
a growing need; a bad crowd; custody for vagrancy and
2. 3
begging; settlement of conflicts; lack of recognition; to
3. 2
commit a crime; specifics of age; legal immaturity; drug
and tobacco addiction; centers for social and psychological 4. 3

rehabilitation; state support; seminars on the issues of the 5. 1

preparation of young people for married life; to challenge 6. 1

conventions; to become dropouts; to be deeply concerned; 7. 4

to feel fear of poverty; to lose hope for education; to fund 8. 2

oneself; to establish contacts; to share good times; to 9. 1

sacrifice anything for smb; to easily break off with smb; to 10. 3
come down to conflicts; to prevent juvenile criminality; to 11. 4
set goals; to realize one’s potential in life. 12. 2

45*
355
 Tapescripts and answer key section
1. Amanda: I have a problem racking my brain. I 3. Max: I am a senior in high school. I am used to
have been best friends with Kathy for 10 years. On making mostly A s, but this year I got a C in my
her birthday last year, we were supposed to hang out. English class. It has left me so depressed. I can’t
I have no idea what happened, she stopped talking to say I worked less for my English class, I just started
me and calling me. She told me that she was moving lagging behind while more and more people are doing
and that she wouldn’t be able to see me, but she would better in English. Teachers say they are preparing us
be able to talk to me. Then she disappeared. That was for college, that’s why senior English is a pretty tough
in August. We didn’t talk until 10 months later. course, but why don’t other people experience such
I found out from a teacher’s aide that her family difficulty? I understand that with all my other A9s it
was still in town. By that time, she had a job and will not influence my chance of going to college, but
a boyfriend. I was hurt. When I asked her why she I’m still worried. Do you have any advice for me?
stopped calling, she said that she was depressed and 4. Lucia: I am a senior girl and will be starting college
that she didn’t want to bother me with it. I thought she while I am still 17! I feel like I have been pushed
could have called me during the good times in her life into growing up. I really get no support in any of the
(her boyfriend and her job), but she didn’t say. things I do, and am having a difficult time with this
I have left messages on her machine. I stopped by her transition.
house once. Her mom said she was sick, but I feel like My passion is drama. I absolutely love it! My parents
she is avoiding me for no reason. think that it is stupid, that I will never make it and
I am sad because it feels like our friendship isn’t worth refuse to support the pursuit of my dreams.
fighting for. I want to, but I feel like I’m the only one All I have ever wanted is the chance to act and “make
trying. I don’t know if her one-year relationship with it big”, but I feel like they are preventing me from
her boyfriend is worth more than our 10-year friendship. reaching my full potential. I know that when I am 18
Please help. I don’t know what to do. I don’t want to lose I can do as I please. I don’t know why I suddenly want
her as my best friend. Thank you for listening to me. support from the members of my family, but I would
2. Sabrina: I know you probably get a lot of letters like them to be there for me whether I succeed or fail!
from young ladies with low self-esteem or physical I don’t know what I should do. Should I take a year
insecurities. You see, I suffer from insecurities, too. off and find myself, or go the separate path and get my
I watch television, and I see all these women with “to degree in criminal justice as my parents want?
die for” figures; supermodels with a 10-inch waist-to- If I fail at acting, I will inevitably go back to the
hip ratio and shapely legs. I am thinking to myself, college thing. I just don’t know. Please help.
“Why don’t I look like that?” Help me, please.
I was the first girl in my class in school to develop, EE1
and I was so happy. Then, as I entered higher grades, 1. copying their way of behaving, dressing, and
I became less and less happy with my body. The other talking; 2. environment; 3. mass media; 4. stereotyped
girls in my classes were developing softer figures, while opinions; 5. are incapable of striving for high ideals
I still looked like a boy. I used to cry and cry about and recognizing true heroes; 6. relatives; 7. school
it. Here I was, at 13 and 14, about 5Т0, with a ruler teachers; 8. TV stars; 9. fairy-tale characters;
for a figure. That’s not even to mention the flat chest 10. decline; 11. increase; 12. peers and celebrities;
I had. All my junior high years were devastating. 13. achieved success; 14. losers; 15. not threatened.
I understand now I’m not that bad, but I’ve TAPESCRIPT
already got used to thinking that my appearance is
imperfect. It makes me really shy. When last week Many psychologists say that idolization is
at a party, a Spanish guy started telling how cute a characteristic of teenagers who often create
he thought I was, I first accepted it as a joke, but themselves idols and try to imitate them, copying their
then understood he was not kidding and couldn’t way of behaving, dressing, and talking. This idolization
utter a word. He evidently decided I was stupid and is often formed not by the teens themselves, but under
couldn’t keep up a conversation, so he just walked the influence of the environment they live in. The
away to some other girl. But I think if I were really child just adopts the ready-made images. There are
beautiful he would have stayed with me even if I a number of factors that influence the child’s mind.
were dumb! The most powerful among them are the mass media,

356
 Tapescripts and answer key section —

especially television, and stereotyped opinions. In the didn’t see any point in staying at home after that,
view of older generations, modern youth is incapable as it seemed to me parents didn’t care about me any
of striving for high ideals and recognizing true heroes. longer. Why should I? I asked my former boyfriend to
To prove or refute this idea and reveal the tendencies help me collect belongings, we decided to carry on our
for idolization, the Day's correspondent went to Kyiv relationship, but in a week we had the same argument
schools to ask the questions to junior and senior pupils, as before and I moved out of his house and left school.
“Who do you believe your hero is?” and “Who is your I felt miserable: just think, a drop-out and a walk­
idol whose example you follow?” out rolled into one, with nowhere to live and not a
It became clear from the answers given by ninety penny in my pocket! Actually, it was one of the worst
pupils from two Kyiv schools that teens’ idols undergo moments in my life.
significant change with time. The heroes of the But fortune smiled on me and my friend, Melanie,
youngest are mostly their relatives, school-teachers agreed to have me round at her place for a while.
or television stars, and in several cases their favourite In a week my mom spotted me standing in a doorway
fairy-tale characters. For children in their early teens, smoking. I took her for some coffee and said I was
as a rule, there is a tendency o f declining their parents’ staying with Melanie but didn’t give any phones, no
significance and increasing the prestige o f their peers matter how she insisted.
and celebrities. Only nine out of thirty-four seventh Then Melanie’s dad told me to move out and
grades named their relatives among their heroes; others suggested coming back home. I had nothing to do but
believe pop and film stars to be their idols (Claudia go nowhere. In about a week Mother spied me out
Schiffer, Natalia Oreiro, Arnold Schwarzenegger, living in a boarding house with a friend and called
Russian pop singer Alsu, or even Japan’s animated on me. When Mother dropped in quite unexpectedly,
Pokemons). With older pupils the situation is more I suddenly realised how badly I had been missing her.
complicated: their attitude toward idols is determined Two days later it was my birthday and Mom sent me
by the success their idols have achieved. Many boys, some flowers. I remembered my usual birthdays, it
for instance, called Bill Gates their hero. Older made me about to cry and I first time felt like coming
schoolchildren despise losers and idolize those who back home for a short stay.
already enjoy fame, even if o f an ill nature. Some Then one more “friend” threw me out and I had
children, the most advanced ones, dream and strive to nothing to do but ask my parents for some money to
be like well-known politicians. Even teens whose idols rent a flat. They agreed to pay for only a month as
are their parents explained this by their success. I had to find a job and to fund myself to prove my real
It is difficult to make any clear conclusions about the new independence. I failed with the job, and came back
generation’s ideals: each child comes through his/her own both home and school.
process of growing up, each is surrounded by a special Two weeks ago my friend walked out. “Stupid little
environment, and each has individual psychological creature, needs to grow up,” I thought at hearing
characteristics. However, we are not threatened by the about it.
total de-idealization of society that is so widely discussed.
You still meet with rare cases of true understanding of ЕЯ
heroism among the young, like this tenth-year pupil who 1. The surveys of young people’s views show that
wrote, “A true hero is my father who supports our whole many teenagers hope to solve their key problems in
family in spite of being blind...” counselling centers where specialists help to find the
(By Hanna Teliuk, The Day, #1(170), 2002) right solutions, to set real goals and build up a positive
way of life. The problems of our society tell on our
ETA youth, that’s why various youth-oriented programmes
I D; 2.B; З.С; 4.A. require practical state support.
2. Conflicts with parents and peers are typical
31 A)
problems of teens. Lack of understanding in their
TAPESCRIPT families and reliable friends bring young people to bad
crowds.
I demanded money for getting ears pierced and was 3. I am concerned about my appearance. I think I am
refused. Cries, threats, banging doors followed. I ugly. I can’t share this problem either with my parents,

46 A way to success
357
 Tapescripts and answer key section
or my friends, nor can I sort it out myself. Who can I • tight-knit
ask for help or advice?
4. My friend wants to find a part-time job. He is в
a student and has to fund himself. N o doubt this job 1. one-parent; 2. childless; 3. nuclear or immediate;
can be a stumbling block to his successful studying and 4. huge; 5. tight (close)-knit; 6. well-off; 7. foster,
passing the exams. adoptive.
5. My friends often let me down, that’s why I have to
break off with them. It seems to me that I am ready to □
sacrifice anything for them but they don’t appreciate it.
I feel lonely.

husband
*V

mother
П c

sister
-C 2 c
£

wife
яu s
6. All his efforts to settle the conflicts with his parents c
о c
a.
« Is
и
я
a. Ы
s
ои s
я
end in failure. Nevertheless he doesn’t lose hope for ...-in-law + + + +
establishing good relations in his family. step + + + + +
7. The most serious problems that teenagers face are grand + + + +
half +
drug addiction, toxicomania, alcoholism, prostitution
great + + +
and other vices. The special programmes help youth
ex + +
to solve their burning problems and overcome their god + + + +
uncertainty about the future. second + +
8. Many teenagers understand that good education
gives them good prospects for their life and career.
To realize their potential, they try to study well, go в
in for sport and take active part in social life. SUGGESTED ANSWERS:
9. The anti-drug organizations hold seminars for
teenagers, their parents and teachers, create helplines, a) mother, father, sister, brother, sibling;
release (issue) posters and magazines that tell about the b) great-grandmother, great-grandfather, great-
danger of drug taking. grandson, great-granddaughter, great-grandparent(s);
10. Music and television are the most important c) mother-in-law, father-in-law, sister-in-law, brother-
aspects of youth’s life. Pop and rock-performers, film in-law, daughter-in-law;
stars very often influence teenagers. Young people try d) great-aunt, great-uncle, second cousin, forty-second
to copy their idols in everything: hairstyles, dressing, cousin, cousin seven (several times) removed;
behaviour. Sometimes the idolization is dangerous and e) nephew, niece, first cousin, grandmother,
harmful. grandfather, aunt, uncle;
11. The aggressive and violent behaviour of teens is 0 father, brother, uncle, grandfather, nephew;
quite often caused by their desire to challenge the g) mother, sister, aunt, grandmother, niece;
conventions of the environment. They also want to be h) sibling, parent, cousin, grandparent, parent-in-law.
independent of their parents and their restrictions and
control. в
1. stereotypical; 2. only; 3. on my father’s side;
Ш 4. split up; 5. great-aunt; 6. spinster; 7. relatives;
l.H; 2.A; 3.C; 4.D; 5.E; 6.G; 7.B; 8.1; 9.J; 10.K; 11.L; 8. uncles; 9. cousins; 10. distant; 11. keep in touch
12. F; 13.M; 14.N. with; 12. established a very close relationship with;
13. nieces or nephews.

Unit 6. YOUR NEAREST AND DEAREST ш

1. father; 2. fatherhood; 3. fatherless; 4. fatherly;
E I3 f 5. fatherliness; 6. fathered.

• well-off KB
• low-income 1. All his life, Father has worked very hard, just like
• one-parent Aunt Margaret and Uncle Thomas.

358
 Tapescripts and answer key section
2. My father and my mother live there, but my as themselves. Possibly the most popular member of
grandparents live with their youngest daughter in the royal family was the Queen Mother, who was
another city. descended from the Scottish royal family. She left
3. My father is related to the prime minister in my the family forever in 2002 when she was 101. In
home country. January 1923 she married an old childhood playmate,
4. Maria’s cousin Elizabeth is a captain in the military. the Duke of York, son of King George V. They had
5. My aunt and uncle are both doctors. two daughters, Elizabeth and Margaret.
6. Ann and Mary are cousins. Their mothers are sisters. In 1952 King George VI died and Princess Elizabeth,
7. I don’t want to come back home late as Mother gets the present queen, ascended the throne. The first child
nervous and Father can’t fall asleep. of the then Duke and Duchess of York was bom on
April 21, 1926. Assuming the throne she has been
КЕ2Ш a tireless and popular monarch. In 1947 Elizabeth
l.c; 2.f; 3.i; 4.e; 5.h; 6.g; 7.d; 8.b; 9.a. married Lieutenant Philip Mountbatten, now officially
known as His Royal Highness The Prince Philip, Duke
KB of Edinburgh. He was the son of Prince Andrew of
1. George VI — father; George V — grandfather; Greece and a great-great-grandson of Queen Victoria.
Edward VIII — uncle; Prince Charles — son; Sophie They have four children, Prince Charles, Princess
Rhys-Jones — daughter-in-law; Princess Beatrice — Anne, Prince Andrew, and Prince Edward, as well
granddaughter; David Viscount Linley — nephew; Mary, as six grandchildren, Prince William, Prince Harry,
Princess Royal — aunt; Prince William — grandson; Princess Eugenie, Princess Beatrice, Peter Phillips, and
Princess Margaret — sister; Princess Alexandra — cousin; Zara Phillips.
Philip, Duke of Edinburgh — husband; Ann, Princess The Prince of Wales and the first son of the present
Royal — daughter, Lady Sarah Armstrong-Jones — niece; queen Charles Philip Arthur George was born in
Samuel — great nephew. Buckingham Palace on November 14, 1948. Over
2. George, Duke of Kent is related to: one billion people around the world watched as he
Princess Marina of Greece — husband; Princess married Lady Diana Spencer on July 29, 1981. It
Alexandra — father; Hon Angus Ogilvy — father- was seen as a fairy tale wedding and a romantic
in-law; Richard, Duke of Gloucester — uncle; storybook marriage generated new public interest in
George V — son; George VI — brother; Queen the monarchy. The royal couple has two children,
Elizabeth II — uncle; James — grandfather; Lady Rose Prince William and Prince Henry, known as Harry.
Windsor — great uncle. However, despite their glittering public image,
3. ex-husband; the Prince and Princess of Wales separated in 1992
4. great-great-grandson; and divorced four years later. Public sympathy for
5. great-great-grandfather; Diana reached a peak in 1997, when she crashed in
6. second cousin; a horrific car accident.
7. George VI and the Queen Mother; With his good looks and charm, Prince William
8. the Queen Mother; has emerged as the royal family’s major sex symbol.
9. four; Second in line to the throne behind his father,
10. Queen Elizabeth’s II Princess Margaret; William is two years older than his brother Prince
11. 1, the rest are ex-. Henry, who was born in 1984.
Princess Anne has earned widespread respect as
ш one of the most serious and hard working royals.
See the Royal Family Tree on the next page. The second child and only daughter of the Queen,
she is two years younger than her brother Charles.
TAPESCRIPT
In 1973 she married Lieutenant (later Captain) Mark
The British monarchy is an enormously popular Phillips of the Queen’s Dragoon Guards. They had
institution. The British public is greatly interested in two children, Peter and Zara, who do not possess
the details of royal family life, and when people feel hereditary titles because their father did not have
that the Queen has problems with her children they one. Princess Anne and Mark Phillips split up in
see her as a “real person” with the same worries 1992. Later that year the Princess married Captain

46*
359
 Tapescripts and answer key section
GEORGE V
1865-1936
m. Princess Mary,
dau. of Duke of Teck (1867-1953)

DUKE OF WINDSOR GEORGE VI Lary,

1894-1972 1895-1952 Princess Royal
EDWARD VIII m. Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lion, 1897-1965
(abdicated 1936) dau. of Earl of Strathmore m. Earl of Harewood
m. Wallis Simpson, and Kinghome 1
dau. of Teackle Wallis (THE QUEEN MOTHER) 2 sons
Warfield (1896-1986) d. 2002

QUEEN ELIZABETH II Princess Margaret

b. 1926 1930-2002
m. Phillip, DUKE OF EDINBURGH, m. Antony, Earl of Snowdon
son of Prince Andrew of Greece (divorced 1978)

1 I И I i
Charles, Anne, Andrew, Edward, David, Lady Sarah
Prince of Wales Princess Royal Duke of York Earl of Wessex Viscount Linley Armstrong-Jones,
b. 1948 b. 1950 b. 1960 b. 1964 b. 1961 b. 1964
m. Lady Diana m. Captain Mark m. Sarah Ferguson m. Sophie m. Serena Stanhope m. Daniel Chatto
Spencer Phillips divoced 1996) Rhys-Jonnes
(divoced 1996) (divoced 1992)
d. 1997 ц — ,
Peter Zara
Phillips Phillips
b. 1977 b. 1981
im. Commander
------------------- 1 Timothy Laurence
------------ 1
Princess Princess i I
>rince William Prince Henry Beatrice Eugenie Charles Margarita Samuel Arthur
of Wales of Wales of York of York b. 1999 b. 2002 Ib. 1996 b. 1999
b. 1982 b. 1984 b. 1988 b. 1988

Timothy Laurence of the Royal Navy. Viscount Linley, and Lady Sarah Armstrong-Jones.
The youngest child and third son of the Queen and Princess Margaret’s stormy marriage was the subject
Duke of Edinburgh, is 14 years younger than his of much gossip until she and Lord Snowdon were
sister Ann. He is the only child of the Queen’s not separated in 1978. The Princess passed away only few
to cause a scandal. After publicly denying that he months before her mother in 2002.
is homosexual, Edward married Sophie Rhys-Jones, Prince Richard Alexander Walter George, a grandson
a public relations executive, in 1999. of King George V, and first cousin to Queen
Queen Elizabeth’s younger sister, Princess Margaret Elizabeth, was born in 1944. In 1972 he married
Rose is considered the unhappiest royal. She was Brigitte Eva van Deurs, daughter of a Danish lawyer.
bom in 1930. Artistic and fond of nightlife, Princess They had three children, Alexander, Earl of Ulster,
Margaret fell in love with a divorced man, Group who was bom in the same year as his grandfather
Captain Peter Townsend, in the 1950s. She abandoned died; Lady Davina Windsor, bom in 1977; and Lady
plans to marry him when she was told that she would Rose Windsor, who is 3 years younger than her
be unable to marry a divorced man and remain in sister. None of the children undertake official duties.
line to the throne. Instead, in 1960, Princess Margaret
married Antony Armstrong-Jones, a professional m
photographer. The couple had two children, David, a)3; b)5; c)l; d)6; e)2; 0 4 .

360
 Tapescripts and answer key section

Lenry, Lenry, prince John

Duke of Gloucester Duke of Kent 1905-1919
1900-1974 1902-1942
m. Lady Alice Montagu m. Princess Marina of
Douglas Scott Greece

I ------------------------------------- 1i i1
Edward, Princess Alexandra, Prince Michael
Richard, Duke of Kent b. 1936 b. 1942
Duke of Gloucester b. 1935 m. Hon Angus Ogilvy m. Baroness Marie-
b. 1944 m. Katherine Worsley iChristine von Reibnitz
m. Brigitte van Deurs
----------- 1
i ” i Lord Lady
Alexander, ladyDavina lady Rose 1George, Lady Helen Lord Nicolas James Marina 1Frederick Gabriella
Earl of Ulster Windsor Windsor 1Earl of Teylor Windsor 1b. 1964 b. 1966 1Windsor Windsor
b. 1974 b. 1977 b. 1980 !St. Andrews b. 1964 b. 1970 1b. 1979 b. 1981
Ib. 1962

e. False, “...neither of us is involved much in Hollywood

7.30 — At 7.30 she prepares the twins’ breakfast, wakes parties and industry events”.
them... f. True.
18 — Her son from her first marriage, Ted, is 18. g. True.
170 — She is 170 cm tall. h. False. “No one has the secret to a good marriage.
5.45 — She gets up at 5.45 am Every day is a new challenge. It's a hard job... ”
54 — Her weight is 54 kg.
FE1
16 — Her daughter, Eva, is 16.
1974 — Meredith and David got married in 1974. l.n; 2.j; 3.d; 4.q; 5.f; 6.g; 7.h; 8.i; 9.b; lO.k; 11.1; 12.m;
12 — Meredith and David co-starred in the TV series 13.a; 14.o; 15.p; 16.e; 17.c.
12 years ago.
m
a. How many children do you have?
a. False. She’s been married twice. b. How long has David raised your children from your
b. True. first marriage?
c. True. c. What helps you to raise your children?
d. False. She is a strict vegetarian. d. How do you start your day?

361
 Tapescripts and answer key section
e. What is necessary for a marriage to last long? have to rely on financial support from their parents.
f. How do you manage to take care of your big family Only 2 percent answered that they earn a sufficient
and do the household chores? income to maintain their families. Due to the lack of
g. How do you spend your weekends? funds, 2/3 of young Ukrainian families cannot buy or
h. How does the fact that you and your husband belong rent apartments and have to live either in youth hostels
to the same occupation affect your family life? or share housing with either spouse’s parents. Almost
1/3 of young Ukrainian families have no children; 63%
m have one child; and only 6% raise two children.
l.F; 2.T; 3.F; 4.F; 5.T; 6.T; 7.F. As a positive trend, I would like to note that Ukrainian
TAPESCRIPT parents are now better educated in child care and
children’s psychology. They know not only how to feed
After the end of the work day millions of Ukrainians and care for the children, but also how to develop their
hurry home to their families. For most of us the family abilities, give them the basics of sexual education, etc.
is associated with tasty home-made meals, playing Among other features that distinguish the modern
with children, household chores, weekend outings and Ukrainian family I can name the fact that it is not
a dozen of other customary things. In other words, unusual for the spouses to live in different cities or even
for people in Ukraine the family is something usual countries — primarily, due to the difficult employment
and almost routine. The family gives protection and situation in Ukraine. More and more often children are
comfort when we need them most. We value the born outside of marriage and raised without a father,
warmth and emotional support of our close relatives. which is often the conscious choice of a woman.
As the ancients used to say, my home is my fortress. However, these radical changes in the Ukrainian
So, what is the Ukrainian family of today? According family are not only because of economic hardships in
to statistics, over the past decade the average age of the country. In many respects they reflect global family
newly-weds in Ukraine has significantly increased. planning tendencies. For example, a drop in birth
The main reason for this is the introduction of new, rate and an increased number of childless couples are
market conditions and the lack of social guarantees observed throughout Europe as well as in the USA.
for the population. This encourages young people to (By Oleksander Pidlisny)
get to know their future spouses better before getting
married as well as to save up enough money to base Е7П
their family on. According to the State Statistics Committee of
Another reason for the “aging” of the Ukrainian Ukraine, the number of marriages registered in the
marriage is that more and more women in Ukraine country has decreased sharply over the past fifteen
prefer to become mothers at a later period of their life years (from 490,000 in 1985 to 345,000 in 1999).
(usually at the age of 30), which historically was not It is interesting to note that despite the decrease in
typical of the Ukrainian nation. Women do not want the number of marriages, the number of divorces has
to financially depend on their husbands and that’s why remained relatively stable. For example, while in 1985
pay growing attention to their education and career. there were 183,400 official divorces, in 1999 they
According to the State Statistics Committee of totalled 175,800. The saddest thing about divorces in
Ukraine, the number of marriages registered in the Ukraine is, perhaps, that 80 percent of them affect
country has decreased sharply over the past fifteen families with underage children.
years (from 490,000 in 1985 to 345,000 in 1999). It 80 percent of young Ukrainian families report the
is interesting to note that despite the decrease in the worsening of their financial situation; and 64 percent
number of marriages, the number of divorces has have to rely on financial support from their parents.
remained relatively stable. For example, while in 1985 Only 2 percent answered that they earn a sufficient
there were 183,400 official divorces, in 1999 they income to maintain their families. Due to the lack of
totalled 175,800. The saddest thing about divorces in funds, 2/3 of young Ukrainian families cannot buy or
Ukraine is, perhaps, that 80 percent of them affect rent apartments and have to live either in youth hostels
families with underage children. or share housing with either spouse’s parents. Almost
80 percent of young Ukrainian families report the 1/3 of young Ukrainian families have no children;
worsening of their financial situation; and 64 percent 63% have one child; and only 6% raise two children.

362
 Tapescripts and answer key section
ЕБ1
grandmothers was a countess. When guests come to see
1. Our family is quite large — there are nine of us. him, he always shows them his family tree, which he
We are lucky to have a big house and there is enough compiled from different archives and chronicles.
space (room) for all. So, our family consists of my 8. I want to show you our family album — it keeps
father, mother, my grandmother and grandfather on the whole history of our extended family. Here
my father’s side and me. Besides, my elder brother’s are the photos of my great-grandfather and great­
family lives with us. My brother is married and they grandmother on my mother’s side. They look so
have two children — the twins, that is I have a nephew young here! I have very vague memories of my great­
and a niece. Actually, I have a lot of other relatives grandfather and great-grandmother on my father’s side,
(relations): aunts, uncles and their children. I have because they died when I was quite young. I like to
counted once (I worked it out once) that I’ve got look at these old photos to get a feeling of a different
15 cousins, because my father’s father married twice, time and life of other generations. And here are the
and my mum’s mother also married twice. photos of my cousins — Nick and Alec. They are
2. My younger sister got married and now is living with identical twins and one can’t tell them apart, even now,
her in-law. Her father and mother-in-law are elderly when they are 35. And here are my uncle and aunt —
people and need support. Besides, she often keeps in they are my father’s sister and her husband. And here
touch with her sister-in-law; they are the same age and are their grandchildren, Nick’s children. When we get
have much in common. Almost all other relatives of together on holidays and for birthday parties we have a
hers live in different places and seldom visit them. lot of fun.
3. My friend, Brenda, comes from a very friendly and
tight-knit family. They really take care of (support)
each other and spend time together. I’m glad to see Unit 7. WEDDING BELLS HERE AHD THERE
that real family ties exist. I’m less lucky: I come from
a nuclear family, which includes only my parents and H
me. I’d like to have blood (full) brothers and sisters,
but I’ve got only first and second cousins. 1) to cuddle; 2) a date; 3) to go out with, to date; 4) to
4. Bill was an orphan and he only had two close split up with; 5) to be (deeply, madly, hopelessly) in
relatives — an aunt and an uncle. They were a childless love with smb; 6) love; 7) to fall out of love with smb;
couple and became his foster parents. Besides, he often 8) to worship; 9) a date; 10) a dating agency.
saw his great-aunt, she was a good musician and took
him to concerts. EHl
5. The average (typical) British family consists of 1. to find a way to one’s heart; 2. to break smb’s heart;
a husband and wife and two children. Grandparents 3. to give your heart to; 4. to open your heart to;
live separately as a rule. Children are brought up at 5. to win smb’s love.
home or sent to a nursery school, if both parents go to
work. Though nowadays the structure of the family is EES
changing — more families have only one child (an only 1. find; 2. gave; 3. win; 4. broke; 5. gave.
child); quite a few children are brought up (raised) in
one-parent (single parent) families. m
6. My father is quite old; he is 71. Mother is 15 years Suggested answers:
younger. It’s their second marriage. I’ve got two brothers 1. a love affair, a love triangle, a love nest, a love story,
who are much older than me. Though one of them is my a love song;
half brother, we have established good relationships; we 2. unhappy love, true love, tender love, great love, lost
see them a lot, often call and visit each other. The other love, romantic love;
is my full brother, but we hardly ever get in touch as he’s 3. to send love, to feel love, to give love, to deserve
living and working abroad. love, to lose love;
7. David is very proud of his family tree. He originated 4. romantic feeling, romantic relationship, romantic
from an ancient and well-off family. All of his story, romantic hero;
ancestors were noble people. For example, his great­ 5. to look romantic, to seem romantic, to be romantic,
grandfather was a duke and one of his great-great­ to turn out romantic, to sound romantic.

363
 Tapescripts and answer key section
H EH
I. to break smb’s heart; 2. to date, to go on dates; 3. to a) party/dress/cake/round loaf/towels/day/
fall in love with smb; 4. to fall out of love with smb; 5. to ceremony/ photos/ procession/ reception/ vows/
be head over ears in love with smb; 6. to split up with album/ preparations/ video/ anniversary;
smb; 7. to find a way to smb’s heart; 8. to have a steady b) arrange/invite to/conduct;
boyfriend/ girlfriend; 9. a dating agency; 10. mutual love; c) successful/ broken/ first/ second/ early/ late/
II. love at first sight; 12. a love letter; 13. to worship smb. conventional/ loveless/ arranged;
d) be over/fail/break dow n/end/fall apart.
BEfl
l.k; 2.a; 3.d; 4.c; 5.b; 6.i; 7.e; 8.f; 9.j; lO.h; ll.g . 2 0 A)
1. paper; 2. wood; 3. tin; 4. crystal; 5. china; 6. silver;
EH 7. pearl; 8. coral; 9. ruby; 10. sapphire; 11. gold;
l.A; 2.E; 3.B; 4.D; 5.C. 12. emerald; 13. diamond.

EQ m
1. Любое перемагае все. 1. Bouquet is not an element of wedding clothing.
2. Любое сл та . 2. Pages are usually kids, not adults, taking part in the
3. У любoвi й на вшш Bci засоби гарш. wedding ceremony.
4. 3 милим рай i в куреш. 3. Honeymoon takes place after the wedding while
5. Любов не ходить без ревншщв. the others before.
6. Любов породжуе любов. 4. Clergyman participates in a church wedding while
the others are connected with a civil ceremony.
EQ 5. Aisle is a place while the others are people.
1. married; married into; 2. to marry into; 3. married OR: “bachelor” has nothing to do with church.
beneath; 4. married above; 5. married; is married to; 6. Dowry is a sum of money or property while
6. are getting married; 7. married (her daughter) off; the others are people.
8. is (happily) married to.
m
EB 1. Женився на швидку руку, та на довгу муку.
1. a bridal couple, newlyweds; 2. a bride-to-be; 2. Протилежносп сходяться.
3. to ask smb to be his wife; 4. a wedding gown; 3. Одруження (шлюб) — це лотерея.
5. to break off an engagement; 6. a white wedding; 4. У шлюб1 — або пан, або пропав.
7. a marriage of convenience; 8. a tuxedo (AE). 5. Шлюби здшснюються на небесах.
6. У того добра годинка, у кого в1рна жшка.
EH
1. Participants of a wedding ceremony: a ш
celebrant; a bride; a bridegroom (groom); a bridal l.F; 2.F; 3.F; 4.F; 5.Т; 6.F; 7.Т.
couple = newlyweds; a bridesmaid; a clergyman; ushers; TAPESCRIPT
a best man; a page.
2. Wedding clothes: a veil; a white wedding; a train; Appointed by the Department of Internal Affairs,
a morning coat; a wedding gown; a tuxedo (AE). marriage celebrants may conduct weddings and issue
3. Reception: a toast maker; to drink (a toast) to; to Certificates of Marriage anywhere in New Zealand
leave for a honeymoon. and Australia. These are two types: religious and
4. Engagement: matchmaking; an engagement ring; civil. Marriage celebrants go through a strict selection
a dowry; an engagement; to ask smb to be one’s process and meet certain criteria.
wife; to make/ accept/ turn down a proposal; No training or qualifications are required, however,
to get engaged; to bless; to break off an engagement. there is training available — for example Auckland
5. Wedding ceremony procedure: to exchange marriage University of Technology offers a Certificate in
vows; to walk up the aisle; to sign the register; Celebrant Studies. Any marriage celebrant who has
a registry office; to bless a wedding chapel. completed this training will have a deep understanding

364
 Tapescripts and answer key section
of wedding ceremonies and what is needed to make By then I already had some experience as I’d been
your ceremony work. helping Mom and Dad for as long as I can remember.
You can choose how much you want your celebrant to I: Now I’m starting to get the picture. Having worked
do ... from writing and delivering the whole ceremony in this field for more than 10 years is amazing. Can
to working with what you’ve written. you trace any changes in bridal fashion business in
There is no specified fee for marriage celebrants. They Ukraine? Are brides-to-be who come to your salon
charge between $100 and $500 — higher fees usually today different from those of 10 years ago?
mean that the marriage celebrant has a great deal V: Well, I wouldn’t put it that way. Today’s brides-to-
of experience and will be offering something more be are all searching for the perfect wedding dress just
than the basic ceremony. Remember, your wedding like it was 10 years ago. It’s easy to understand why.
ceremony is the heart of your wedding day and sets the It is the gown in which they will say “I do” to the man
tone for your celebration, so don’t decide on price. of their dreams. However, there is one major change in
I, myself have been working as a civil marriage our clients. Their taste, in general, has become more
celebrant for five years and have conducted over sophisticated. Today, it’s impossible to surprise or
300 weddings. My style is relaxed, flexible, and impress a bride-to-be. Girls are much more...
I believe the wedding ceremony needs humour, as well I: ...capricious? Fussy?
as creativity to be memorable. V: No, I’d rather say demanding. They have a much
I love being a marriage celebrant. To me, every wider choice today. Every year more and more new
wedding is special and I always aim to provide with the bridal salons are opened in Kharkiv. It means one
type of ceremony my clients REALLY want. This can more option for brides-to-be but another competitor
be relaxed, formal or a bit of both. for us. Besides, there are dozens of bridal magazines
One thing I’m sure of is that personal touches are very available and plenty of independent professional
important. dressmakers ready to fulfill any wish of yours.
I always tell the bride and the groom: “It’s your day, Thus, it’s incredibly difficult to survive in this business
and everyone involved will be working to ensure your today, a lot more difficult than it used to be, anyway.
wedding day will be remembered with the greatest of I: It’s nice to hear that today’s brides-to-be have more
pleasure.” chances to find the perfect wedding dress. So, when
a girl comes to your salon, what can she expect to find
Ш there?
l.F; 2.T; 3.F; 4.F; 5.F; 6.T; 7.T. V: As most bridal salons in Ukraine, we offer several
TAPESCRIPT Part I
options. You can either buy a dress off the rack or you
can hire one. It is possible to borrow a brand-new dress
Interviewer (I): I’d like to give a warm welcome to or a dress which has already been borrowed by others.
Vlada Suslova who is the managing director of one of Besides you can have your gown made or ordered from
the best bridal salons in Kharkiv. a catalogue and then brought all the way from Italy or
Vlada, tell us a few words about yourself and your France.
business. You are so young. How did you get to be the
managing director of your own bridal salon?
Vlada (V): My family has been in the business of Lb; 2.a; 3.d; 4.e; 5.c; 6.f.
bridal fashion for over a decade. It all started fourteen TAPESCRIPT Part II
years ago when my parents hired two dressmakers to
sew after my mother’s designs. Back then, all they had I: I can only imagine the questions a bride-to-be asks
were a couple of stalls rented in the Central Market herself: “Should I buy it off the rack? Should I have it
of Kharkiv. There wasn’t much competition at the made? If I decide on having it made I must choose the
time and the business turned out to be profitable design and fabrics — where do I start?”
and was constantly growing. So three years later my V: You definitely start with determining your budget.
parents were able to open a small bridal salon in our I feel this is to be considered first, before even looking
neighbourhood. Soon we could afford to open a much at the dresses.
bigger bridal salon in downtown Kharkiv, and having If you are willing to spend around, I would say, 2,000 Hr
obtained my degree in Law I took over managing it. or more then you can afford to order your gown from

365
 Tapescripts and answer key section
abroad or have it made in one of the best bridal salons. 5. What kind of education does Vlada have?
Of course, not all dresses are within that price range. It is 6. What are brides-to-be looking for when they come
twice as cheap to hire a dress. If it has been used before to a bridal salon?
it can cost you 400 Hr or even less. 7. What has changed in today’s young ladies’ taste?
/: Really?! 8. Who are the main competitors of a bridal salon?
V: It is worth mentioning that we hire the most 9. What are the options offered to the clients in bridal
reputable dressmakers who are capable of designing a salons?
dress, making the pattern, and sewing it to perfection.
I: Wonderful! ЕБ1
V: Once you’ve determined your budget, go through l.c; 2.a; 3.b; 4.e; 5.f; 6.h; 7.d; 8.g; 9.j; lO.i.
some bridal magazines. Cut out the pictures of the
dresses you like, make a file and take it with you when m
visiting the salons. You can look through some catalogues 1. pledge; 2. swear; 3. was about to; 4. opted for; 5. was
on the spot. While doing that notice details like bursting with; 6. she was so lost in; 7. brought up the
necklines, sleeves, design lines; fabrics such as laces, satins rear; 8. cooked-up modern versions; 9. Maths wasn’t
and silks; trims such as pearls and embroidery. one of his talents; 10. wrapped her arms around.
I: Right.
V: Then we proceed with trying on ready-made
dresses. I always insist that my client should try on 1. was about; 2. the congregation/ vicar; 3. wreaths;
several dresses that appeal to her, to help us decide 4. vows; 5. frock/ had been so lost in; 6. leather-bound;
which styles look especially flattering on her figure. 7. for better or for worse; 8. opted for; 9. was bursting;
Finally, when the choice is made, a general rule of thumb 10. it has never been one of my talents.
with the clients is to state clearly how far in advance
they need to place their order, how many fittings will be m
required, and how and when payments must be made. l.c; 2.e; 3.a; 4.f; 5.d; 6.b.
I: Vlada, what’s the statistics? Which of the options are
more popular? What would you recommend? m
V: Increasingly, brides are hiring dresses, mostly l.a; 2.g; 3.i; 4.e; 5.d; 6.h; 7.j; 8.f; 9.c; 10.1; ll.b; 12.k;
because it’s cheaper. I am a little biased here, since 13.n; 14.m.
in my opinion, nothing beats a well-made, unique TAPESCRIPT
wedding dress tailored specifically for the bride. But
this is a decision every girl must make for herself. Clergyman: So you, Mary, are the bride. What’s your
I: Sure. And my last question. What other services does fiance’s name?
your salon provide? Mary: Andrew.
V: At our salon you can buy everything you need for Clergyman: Yours and Andrew’s parents and close
the wedding except for shoes: all sorts of bridal veils, relatives arrive a few minutes before the bride.
diadems, jewelry, wedding towels, all kinds of ribbons The bridegroom and his best friend should be in their
and decorations for cars and the escort. We also places at least ten minutes before the service starts.
provide photo and video services. Your bridesmaids and pages wait in the church with
Besides, I am a qualified image consultant. So, we offer a person who is to arrange the bride’s veil before you
our clients make-up services on their wedding day. go up the aisle. There is a tradition in Britain that the
I: Vlada, thank you so much for coming to speak to us bride should arrive a few minutes late with her father
today. who is giving her away. As the organist starts playing,
you, Mary, will move up to the aisle with your veil
ЕИ over the face. You go in on your father’s right arm, and
1. When did Vlada’s family start their business in the bridesmaids follow. As you approach the alter, the
bridal fashion? bridesmaids and ushers go to their places in the front
2. What were their first steps in the business? pews but your chief bridesmaid stands behind the bride
3. Why were they able to expand three years later? and holds your bouquet.
4. What is their latest achievement? Then I begin the service. First I will explain the reason

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for this gathering. I will ask the people there if there is 17. If you stare at others, she accuses you of flirting.
any objection to the marriage. I hope there is none. 18. If she is stared by others, she says that they are just
Mary: No, no, of course, not. admiring.
Clergyman: Then I will ask you and your groom if 19. If she talks, she wants you to listen.
you wish to become the wedded wife and husband. 20. If you listen, she wants you to talk.
And if you agree, I will pronounce you to be married. In short,
According to our custom that is the moment for your Oh God!!! You created those creatures called
father to pass your hand to me. I will pass it to your ‘WOMEN’.
bridegroom and you both say the marriage vow. So simple, yet so complex. So weak, yet so powerful.
Mary: And what about the wedding rings? So confusing, yet so desirable.
Clergyman: It’s your best man who keeps them until “O Lord, tell me what to do, A MEN.”
you’ve said your vows. Then he takes your wedding
rings out of his pocket and places them on the open ЕШ
prayer book. After a prayer for the blessing of the rings, 1. Wasima; 2. Wasima; 3. both; 4. Navida; 5. none;
your groom will put the ring on your third finger of 6. both; 7. Navida; 8. Navida; 9. none; 10. Wasima; 11.
your left hand and you on his. both; 12. Wasima.
Mary: Is that all? What shall we do after that? TAPESCRIPT
Clergyman: After the ceremony the couple should go
into the vestry to sign the register with their parents, Part I
the closest relatives, best man and bridesmaids. Only Everything in my life has been planned — school,
after that you will throw back your veil and open your exams, medical school, marriage. I met Raj on
face. The organist starts playing again and you and Wednesday, saw him again on Friday, and a week later
Andrew and your relatives walk down the aisle. Guests we were married.
wait until the wedding procession has passed them I always knew I’d have an arranged marriage but it was
before leaving the church. still a bit of a shock when I started meeting prospective
husbands — I said no to the first few I met. Then I
ES went to India to meet Raj. My parents had already met
THIS IS THE ORIGINAL VERSION: him and brought back photos, so I’d had time to get
used to his face. It was just a question of whether we’d
Women hit it off. But to start with, we really didn’t. We hated
1. If you kiss her, you are not a gentleman. each other.
2. If you don’t, you are not a man. I still don’t know why I said yes. I guess it was just
3. If you praise her, she thinks you are lying. that he had a nice smile and then I gradually began
4. If you don’t, you are good for nothing. to warm to him. There were 1000 people at the
5. If you visit her too often, she thinks it is boring. reception because he is from a village outside Calcutta
6. If you don’t, she accuses you of double crossing. and everyone there was invited. After the wedding we
7. If you are well dressed, she says you are a playboy. spent two weeks in his village. He was very bright and
8. If you aren’t, you are a dull boy. a perfect gentleman.
9. If you are jealous, she says it’s bad. When we arrived back in Birmingham it was difficult.
10. If you aren’t, she thinks you don’t love her. My social life had to take a back seat while I tried to
11. If you are a minute late, she complains it’s hard to get Raj used to the lifestyle over here — and myself
wait. used to being married. He moans about the weather
12. If she is late, she says, “That’s a girl’s way.” and says there’s no summer here. But I do appreciate
13. If you kiss her once in a while, she professes you that it’s been hard for him leaving his friends and
are cold. family.
14. If you kiss her too many, she yells that you taking My parents were born in India. They had an arranged
advantage. marriage too: Dad came here when he was 16, and
15. If you fail to help her in crossing the street, you Mum came here later, after she married him.
lack ethics. It’s strange because in India a lot of girls aren’t having
16. If you do, she thinks it’s just one of the man’s tactics. arranged marriages any more, while over here it’s still

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quite a big thing. I think many young girls aren’t sure about my feelings, he only shrugged his shoulders and
what they want to do. I don’t envy them that. I look said he could not understand what I saw in that girl.
back at friends who had relationships at university, It was incredibly hard (very difficult) for me to bring
and most didn’t last very long. I knew I’d have an myself to ask the girl of my dreams for a date, and
arranged marriage so I didn’t go looking. I didn’t want even harder to confess I was mad about her, but I did
to invite trouble. Now I am married to a perfect man it! How happy I was to learn that Jane fancied me too
and I’m sure it’s for the whole life. I’m happy. and did not mind having me as her boyfriend.
Part II 2. Have you ever suffered from unrequited love? I have.
I was born and raised in Luton, and my parents are Having lost my head to a classmate I was afraid to tell
very traditional. They were determined that I should her about my feelings or even to ask her out. I showed
have an arranged marriage, like my older brothers her certain signs of affection but it was not enough to
and sisters. During a family holiday in Kashmir in find a way to the beauty’s heart.
1996, when I was only 16 and was really planning to 3. After three months of dating my girlfriend and
continue school, my parents revealed their intentions. I realized that we were gradually drifting apart and we
A husband had been found, and the wedding planned had to break off our relationship.
for the end of the month. 4. Following the tradition, before the wedding the
They told me he was a 29-year-old carpenter from bridegroom arranged a stag party where his closest
a really good family in the nearby village. His friends had been invited.
background was all that mattered to my parents. 5. I was greatly impressed by the wedding reception.
I tried arguing, begging and pleading, but I knew that The bride looked wonderful in her elegant wedding
if I didn’t get married I would never leave the country. dress and most of the guests turned out to be
So I can say I was tricked into this arranged marriage exceptionally pleasant and nice people who wished the
by my own parents. young people happiness with all their heart. After the
The bridegroom was a complete stranger to me — ceremony of cutting the wedding cake the newlyweds
I met him about ten minutes before the wedding set out on their honeymoon.
ceremony started. I didn’t even want to look at him — 6. I think you need a matchmaker’s services: you seem
I had started hating him a long time before. to be unable to find a wife yourself. You have already
It was midnight and the wedding celebrations were in proposed to three women but have been turned down
full swing. As the guests were dancing, my husband led in all three cases (every time). — It happened because
me into the house. In the room he grabbed my hair they thought of a marriage of convenience, but I’d like
and started beating me. ‘You are in my house now. I to find true love.
own you!’ he said. Then he threw a glass of water in 7. Having said their vows (after saying) the bride and
my face and rejoined the party, leaving me on the bed groom exchanged their wedding rings handed in by the
weeping. But that was only the beginning. During the best man.
weeks that followed, his attitude became more severe. 8. Did you have a civil or church wedding
He treated me like a thing he’d bought. ceremony? — Both. — How did it all go? — As to
I was convinced his reason for the marriage was the church ceremony it was difficult for us to find
to get a British visa, which meant I would have to proper pages. But in the registry office we had no
return to England six months before he could make problems. — How many people were present at the
an application. I understood it was the only way to wedding? — There were fifty people on the guest list,
escape. So I returned to my parents’ house in Luton, but as we had sent out the invitation cards at the last
but two weeks later I fled to a secret address in moment, unfortunately, some couldn’t make it.
Scotland and started building a new life. Soon I met
Dave, a 26-year-old salesman and we’ve been dating
ever since. I hope one day we’ll be able to get married. Unit 8 . SPARE THE ROD AND SPOIL THE CHILD?
I’m happy.

ш S

1. The moment I saw Jane I realized that I was head 1. top; 2. whistle; 3. balloon; 4. rattle; 5. pyramid;
over ears in love with her. When I told my best friend 6. Frisbee; 7. plasticine.

368
 Tapescripts and answer key section
□ We shall have won. Don’t be afraid. They are feeling
doll’s pram; building blocks; construction set; train for the lights.” In the case above their heads a loose
set; water pistol; toy soldier; skipping rope; teddy bear; book shifted under a touch. “Only Joyce, only Mabel
jigsaw puzzle; rocking horse; modelling clay; video Warren, only Mrs Henne-Falcon,” a crescendo of
game. reassuring thought before the chandelier burst, like
a fruit tree, into bloom.
в (Graham Greene, “Nineteen Stories ”)
1. skateboard; 2. darts (not a board game), chess
(singular), or dominoes (3 syllables); 3. plasticine; m
4. fluffy; 5. train set. l.C; 2.A; З.С; 4.B; 5.C; 6.C; 7.A; 8.B; 9.A; 10.B.

в m
l.e; 2.d; 3.c; 4.f; 5.a; 6.b. 1. to obey immediately; 2. to moralise; 3. to tell smb
off/ to scold; 4. to find fault with; 5. to grant children
в sufficient freedom; 6. to throw a tantrum; 7. to moan
TAPESCRIPT
and groan; 8. to neglect one’s duties; 9. to rebel
against smth; 10. to ignore regulations; 11. to behave
“And now,” Mrs Henne-Falcon said, “we will play properly/ to be a model child; 12. to nag at smb; 13. to
hide-and-seek in the dark.” Peter watched his twin- bribe a child; 14. to praise; 15. to sulk about/ over
brother and saw, as he had expected, the lips tighten. smth; 16. a troublemaker.
Francis, he knew, had feared this moment from the
beginning of the party, had tried to meet it with m
courage and had abandoned the attempt. Several 1. to bring up a child, to raise; 2. to moan and groan;
children ran upstairs, and the lights on the top floor 3. to encourage; 4. to rebel; 5. to tell off, to scold;
went out. Then darkness came down like the wings of 6. to rebuke, to reprimand; 7. to praise, to give praise;
a bat and settled on the landing. “You and Francis are 8. to neglect one’s responsibilities; 9. to moralise;
on the hiding side,” a tall girl said, and then the light 10. to have rows; 11. to disobey; 12. to reward.
was gone.
“Where’s Francis?” he wondered. “If I join him he’ll ЕГП
be less frightened.” 1. to be lenient; 2. to reward; 3. to grant smb sufficient
“Where, if I were Francis, should I hide?” Such, freedom; 4. to disobey, to misbehave, to behave poorly/
roughly, was his thought. And because he was, if not badly; 5. a disobedient, spoilt child; 6. to praise; 7. to
Francis himself, at least a mirror to him, the answer get along/ on; 8. to obey; 9. to be a troublemaker.
was immediate. “Between the oak bookcase on the left
of the study door, and the leather settee.” m
Peter Morton tiptoed towards Francis’s hiding place. verb noun adjective adverb
On stockinged feet he moved silently towards his obey, obedience, obedient, disobedient obediently
disobey disobedience
object. Instinct told him that he was near the wall,
encourage encouragement encouraging encouragingly
and, extending a hand, he laid the Fingers across his
brother’s face. behave, behaviour, ill/ w ell/ badly-
misbehave behaviourism, behaved, behavioural
Francis did not cry out, but the leap of his own heart misbehaviour

revealed to Peter a proportion of Francis’s terror. “It’s rebel rebel [ ‘reblj, rebellious rebelliously
rebellion,
all right,” he whispered, feeling the squatting Figure rebelliousness
until he captured a clenched hand. “It’s only me. I’ll punish punishment, punishable,
punishability, punishing, punitive,
stay with you.” punishableness, punitory
punisher
Peter Morton thought with intensity, “I am here.
neglect neglect neglectful, neglected neglectfully
You needn’t be afraid. The lights will go on again
ignore ignorance, ignorant, ignorable ignorantly
soon. That rustle, that movement is nothing to fear. ignoramus,
ignoration
They are beginning to whisper together. They are
hum iliate humiliation, humility humiliating, humiliatingly
tired of looking for us. The lights will go on soon. humiliated

47 Away to success
369
 Tapescripts and answer key section
FEl
not telling the truth. If they sense that you are hiding
1. ignorant; 2. neglectful; 3. behaviour; 4. rebellious; something, they’ll never be sincere with you.
5. punishment; 6. obedience; 7. encouragement; That doesn’t mean you have to tell all. Refusing to
8. ill/ badly/ poorly-behaved; 9. ignorance; discuss every detail of your past is not lying. Aren’t
10. humiliation. there other times when you decline your children’s
direct questions? Do you tell them how much you
m earn?
l.k; 2.1; 3.a; 4.i; 5.e; 6.j; 7.d; 8.g; 9.c; lO.f; ll.b; 12.h. /; How do I answer “You did it and you were okay in
the end”?
R.B.: Were you really okay? Many of us suffer from
l.b; 2.b; 3.a; 4.a; 5.b; 6.b; 7.a. consequences and have bad memories because of stupid
TAPESCRIPT
decisions we made when we were young. Kids tend
to think that nothing bad is ever going to happen to
I: “Mom, when you were young, did you ever...?” Here them, so make sure you mention the consequences you
come the questions parents are so much afraid of: “Did suffered. And if you didn’t really suffer, give examples
you ever get high?” “Did you ever date anyone other of those who weren’t so fortunate.
than Dad?” “Haven’t you ever smoked?” /: Won’t talking about drugs plant ideas in their heads?
With the loosening attitudes towards love relationships R.B.: Children are faced with pressures and
in the ‘60s and the casual drug use in the ‘60s, ‘70s temptations at earlier and earlier ages. So don’t be
and ‘80s, many of us made some poor choices when we afraid that you are revealing information about drugs,
were young. Now that we’re parents, we must decide: because they could have already heard about them.
what should we tell our kids about our past? Today If you don’t discuss such things with them, someone
we have an opportunity to address this question to else will. We, parents, may be uncomfortable with
an expert, a child psychologist, Dr Robin Baker. conversations about drugs. We need to get over that
Doctor, should we be honest with our children? fear, because our children are crying out for help and
R.B.: That depends on why your child is asking. Get to guidance. The sooner we start, the better.
the heart of the matter by asking, “Why do you want /: Won’t we lose their respect?
to know?” Focus on your child’s situation, not your R.B.: Not if you show them how you struggled to iron
own. If your child is facing a problem similar to one out your problems and don’t laugh with them about
you once dealt with, discussing an example from your how you once outdrove the cops or dated a 30-year-old
past might help. The child asking such questions is not man when you were 16. Once your children see that
trying to be nosy. H e/ she is wondering: “Is it okay for you faced those same hard choices, you’ll grow closer.
me to use drugs? When is it okay for me to have sex?” I: Thank you, doctor for coming in to speak to us today.
I: Are there any things that I have to reveal to my
child? ED
R.B.: If you struggled with alcoholism or drug l.T; 2. F; 3.F; 4.T; 5.T; 6.F;
addiction, your child needs to know, even if he’s not 7. not enough evidence; 8.T.
asking questions. Substance abuse can run in families.
Even if you would rather not talk about it, someone Ш
else is likely to spill the family secrets. You better make 1. expectations; 2. frustration; 3. sanity; 4. yelling;
sure that your children hear the real story from you 5. allowance; 6. mishap; 7. tedious; 8. in an offhand
and not from a stranger or a neighbour. way; 9. to get hold of oneself; 10. to cough up
I: How much information can a child handle? the money; 11. preaching; 12. to refrain from;
R.B:. Obviously, what you tell a seven-year-old is different 13. stamina; 14. outpouring; 15. aftertaste.
from what you tell a 13-year-old. If you think your child
is too young to hear what you have to say, simply tell КБ1
him, “That’s a conversation for when you are older.” 1.deprived; 2.boarding; 3 .orphanages; 4 .set up;
I: Wouldn’t it be easier to lie? 5. current; 6. pre-schoolers; 7. winning; 8. charitable;
R.B.: It’s tempting, but no. Kids are very good lie 9. intellectual; 10. spiritual; 11. abandoned; 12. effective;
detectors. They would at once know when you are 13. housing; 14. status.

370
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TAPESCRIPT
Lately, it was decided to hold an experiment to form
The number of orphan and half-orphan children smaller adopted families, which will have a total five
deprived of parental care and living on the street children at most and may adopt as few as one child.
is increasing in Ukraine with every year. Child­ These forms of orphan care differ from traditional foster
care agencies usually send most of such children to care. Here the state gives the child-raising funds directly
boarding schools. However, the boarding school system to the adopting family or the family-type orphanage.
is unlikely to be able to adequately prepare a child for Obviously, implementing something new always implies
self-sufficient life in society. To solve this problem, solving a certain number of problems. In this case,
Ukraine has been paying more and more attention these are such problems as housing for those who
recently to the development of family-type turn eighteen, for at this age they lose the status of
orphanages. For example, in Kyiv region only, orphan, creating new methods of selection, improving
15 family-type orphanages have been set up and the procedure of adoption and others. All these issues
are already taking care of 185 children, including should be taken into account by lawmakers.
125 adopted ones.
A family-type orphanage is an unusual large family. ИП
The current practice is to adopt five to ten children a) Threats; b) Blaming and Accusing; c) Warnings;
(plus biological ones). In such families the biological d) Comparisons; e) Lecturing and Moralizing;
children are most often the eldest and already grown­ f) Commands; g) Sarcasm; h) Martyrdom Statements.
up. So, they do not object to their parents raising
others. Other children’s age ranges from pre-schoolers m
to adolescents. In this situation, mother is usually 1. Praise your child as often as possible. Praising and
a “stay-at-home mom”. She looks after the youngest rewarding good behaviour will encourage them to
children, and father is responsible for winning his behave well. Buy them a toy as a reward. The toy can
large family its daily bread. Children here are raised as also be useful. For instance, a painting set — pencils,
a single close-knit team. oil paints and watercolours, a nice album — develop
The family and youth department of the Kyiv Oblast a child’s creativity and imagination. Don’t think that
Administration supervise these families. With the help buying another toy for your child will spoil them. They
of different charitable foundations they organize such will feel your love and care. In the end you will see
events as concerts, festivals and picnics. Their purpose that they will improve their behaviour.
isn’t mere entertainment for kids. The adults are 2. When a child, I didn’t really get along with my
offered lectures, workshops, psychological advice and elder brother. We often had rows and even fights.
round tables to exchange experience. Our parents tried to reconcile us with each other but
Psychologists involved in such projects can’t help we only blamed one another. He often took away my
pointing out positive effects of this approach and toys and once even broke my train set. Our parents
willingly list their achievements. For example, first- punished him, told him off, put him in a time-out
graders who couldn’t speak two years ago, are now on spot, but he took no notice of the punishments. Later
the same level with their peers at school. A three-year on when we grew up we never became close.
old girl, who was almost dying in a hospital eighteen 3. I don’t understand this boy’s parents! They fuss
months ago, is a lively little beauty. These families, over him so much! They believe that if they tolerate
psychologists say, have gained valuable and unique his bad behaviour, he’ll be a model child. He is a real
experience not only in the health of children but also mischief in the family! Yesterday I was scolding him
in their intellectual and spiritual development. for offending a little girl. First, he was answering back,
Ukraine has today a total 91 family-type orphanages. then sulked, and even tried to throw a tantrum. But in
The experience of each family of this type deserves the end he calmed down and apologized to the girl.
close attention. A family-type orphanage is a relatively 4. There are a lot of factors that influence children’s
new form of care for the orphaned and abandoned behaviour. Among them we can name their parents’
children. Nevertheless, the ten-year experience of behaviour. Parents must remember that they should
practising a family-type orphanage demonstrates that behave just like they would want their children to do.
it is quite an effective way to solve the problem of Toys, games, books and TV have considerable impact
orphans. on children. Violence on TV can foster an aggressive

47*
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 Tapescripts and answer key section
behaviour of a child, who finds the behaviour like that 7. raised his voice, spoke calmly; 8. whispered; 9. spoke
acceptable. D on’t threaten your child, don’t humiliate sharply; 10. apologising, answered back; 11. yelling/
him / her, don’t moralise, but trust him / her and teach shouting at; 12. murmured.
him / her to be good.
5. I love visiting my granny. She always hugs and kisses в
me when we meet, (OR: She always gives me a hug 1. ...acted as sole breadwinner; 2. ...didn’t contribute
and a kiss...) and I can feel how happy she is to see financially to their marriage; 3. ...had a comfortable
me. I remember when I was young, we played different income; 4. ...and treated their parents as moneybags;
games. The room turned into a ship and we played 5. ...were a financial drain on the family; 6. ...splashed
pirates. Then we would imagine a medieval castle and out money; 7. ...was heavily in debt; 8. ...was hard up;
become princesses. We would put on long dresses and 9. ...to make their ends meet; 10. ...had to live from
hats with veils. When I grew up a little I played with hand to mouth; 11. ...had to tailor their lifestyle to fit
dolls, and Granny taught me to make clothes for them. their income.
We would play for hours. Besides, I really appreciate
that my granny has always been honest and sincere ш
with me. She can always explain everything to me and 1. to blame smb for your own mistakes; 2. family
help me find the right way out of difficult situations. discord; 3. to make compromises; 4. to insult;
6. A lot of psychologists advise not to punish or scold 5. to speak sharply; 6. to answer back; 7. fragile
your child. But it is impossible in real life. Constant relationships in a family; 8. enduring relationships;
disobedience has to be punished but the punishment 9. bumpy relationships; 10. to tailor one’s lifestyle to
must be fair. You won’t get much if you shout at your fit one’s income; 11. to splash out money; 12. a serious
child, spank him / her, and criticize. Try to pay more rift in family relationships; 13. to have a comfortable
attention to your child, teach h im / her to play board income; 14. to dominate other members of the family;
games, read books together, model in clay, build 15. he is a financial drain on the family; 16. to
houses out of building blocks or go out to the yard, break up family relationships; 17. to sever friendship;
slide, swing and ride on round-abouts. 18. to find fault with smb; 19. to lead to open hostility;
7. One of the most urgent problems in modern society 20. to turn housework into a battleground.
is bringing up orphans. These children are most often
brought up in orphanages. A lot of consideration is 1 3B )
given to family-type orphanages. Adoptive parents 1. Jessica; 2. Jessica; 3. not stated; 4. Shawna;
(= foster parents) bring up from 5 to 10 children. 5. Jessica; 6. Shawna; 7. not stated; 8. Jessica;
In families like these mothers are usually stay-at-home 9. Shawna; 10. Jessica.
moms, and fathers act as sole bread winners. The state TAPESCRIPT
and charity foundations help these families. They
organize concerts and holidays for them, buy presents 1. Jessica Davies, a journalist
and toys and other necessary things. However there By my mid-30s I had a good career as a journalist and
are a number of financial and law problems connected a comfortable income. Like many working women,
with bringing up orphans and abandoned children. I had delayed motherhood partly to establish myself
professionally. I have a lot of friends who had their
first child as late as at 36 or 37. It was the ticking of
my biological clock that prompted our decision to have
Unit 9. LIFE IS N0 BED OF ROSES a baby.
During the pregnancy, I continued working and was
ЕЕЯ very happy. Every day was a miracle for me. I never
l.g; 2.i; 3.j; 4.f,m; 5.d; 6.m; 7.b,e; 8.a,g; 9.k; lO.h; 11.1; thought about how we were going to manage, and
12.e; 13.k; 14.c; 15.k. after the birth I was too absorbed in my baby to return
to full-time work. And a baby costs money. As most
□ families in Canada, my husband and I maintained
1. shout; 2. stammering; 3. shouted/ yelled at her; separate incomes after getting married. I quickly spent
4. remained speechless; 5. screamed; 6. yelling; my maternity pay and was soon using my savings.

372
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I had never had to ask my husband for money before. I grew up knowing that I could choose whatever career
It was a shock for me to have to ask for money now I wanted. I choose to be a mother.
that I was a mother. I dreaded dependency and felt
guilty about not being able to contribute financially to ш
our marriage. 1. separated/ divorced/ started divorce proceeding;
I am sure my story isn’t unique. I know many 2. divorce rate; 3. walked out on; 4. ex/ ex-husband;
women who stopped working after having a baby and 5. obtain a divorce/ divorce/ get divorced; 6. to be
suffered because, on the one hand they had a sense awarded alimony payment; 7. divorcee.
of disappearing from their professional field, and on
the other hand, they felt that they couldn’t decide how ЕРЕЯ
money is spent because their partners earned it. 1. the highest divorce rate; 2. adultery and violence;
As for me, at some point I realized that 3. ...is that he has grown in his professional career and
communication was essential. I started talking to my his wife is no longer his equal; 4. she has become more
husband about it and discovered that he was willing mature and her views of marriage have changed;
to act as sole breadwinner. For me it was a revelation. 5. ...to break up than to have a constant source of
He told me that all I had to do was ask, because stress; 6. ...rush into another marriage; 7. a good reason
that’s what he would do. So, we seem to have found to split up.
a solution: after all the bills are paid, the remainder of
his paycheque is shared equally between us. ЕИ31
Still, I believe I must work. A part-time nanny means Violence is another reason, cited in about 35 percent
I can work, mostly from home. Of course, I earn divorce cases.
much less than before but it can help take some of the Each year about 1 million children—almost 2 percent
load off my husband. More importantly, though, I’m of all children in the United States—are involved in a
beginning to understand the meaning of partnership. divorce.
It is difficult for me but I am trying to accept that as Two thirds of all children see their parents divorcing
a family we have shared goals and what I contribute is before they come of age!
of equal value — even if it can’t be measured in dollars A child’s chances of seeing his or her parents divorce
and cents. are by 90% higher today than they were a generation
2. Shawna Stephens, a stay-at-home mother ago.
In my opinion, it is a sad society that can’t recognize TAPESCRIPT
the value of a woman staying home to raise her
children. No career offers more opportunity to shape /; As the statistics say, one out of three marriages
and change our world than that of a stay-at-home ends up in divorce.
mom. After all, “the hand that rocks the cradle rules B: Yes. Today — as in the past — the United States
the world”. has the highest divorce rate in the industrial world.
I have a master’s degree in art, but I choose to stay at I: Mr Bradley, who is usually the first to start the
home with my children while they are young. I have divorce procedure: the wife or the husband?
never felt that I am less than my husband, nor that B: It’s usually the wife.
I am a financial drain on the family. In our family it I: Marriages break off every day for all sorts of
has never been “his” money or “my” money. I never reasons. And why do people most often divorce?
had to ask for it. We are married and we are equals. B: Well, the reason as it sounds in the court is usually
I am a Mommy, wife, cook, maid, nurse, chauffeur, adultery. Violence is another reason, cited in about
friend, accountant, personal shopper... and the list goes 35 percent divorce cases.
on. The pay isn’t very high, but I wouldn’t change a I: I see...
thing. B: But I think there are other reasons. The couple may
My husband works 1 l/ 2 jobs to keep our heads above have grown apart with time and their relations may have
water. We tailor our lifestyle to fit our income. My cooled off. This is the most frequently heard husband’s
husband’s salary is mine, too. I put as much work into reason. The wife usually says that she has become more
supporting and maintaining our family as he does — it mature and her views of marriage have changed. This
is just different work. particular one doesn’t satisfy her any more.

48 A way to success
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 Tapescripts and answer key section
I: You have been going through the most unpleasant m
sides of marriages for years, do you think the 1. divorced; 2. widower; 3. adopted; 4. independent;
institution of marriage will survive? 5. chores; 6. around; 7. stay-at-home; 8. running;
В: I see a lot of good marriages as well, so I strongly 9. swap; 10. self-help; 11. support; 12. child-minding.
support marriage as it is. Marriages do work, but they
need a lot of effort to keep them going. But if you can’t EE1
make them work and bring joy and satisfaction, it’s better As psychologists say, family life consists mostly of
to break up than to have a constant source of stress. crises, when the relationships become bumpy or a
I: I absolutely agree. rift emerges (develops) in them, quarrels break out
B: Still, I would advise ex-husbands and wives not to and problems arise. Endless disagreements, tense
rush into another marriage at once. Time cures, you relationships with in-laws often lead to hostility
know. Besides, when you stay emotionally apart from between a husband and a wife, and their family life
a painful event, you can see the reasons why your turns into a battleground. The marriage can break
marriage hasn’t worked more clearly. And one more up (dissolve). And what about love, harmonious life
tip. People like to consider themselves in their heart together and shared goals?
better than they are. Stop painting yourself in brighter American psychologists consider that a family has
colours. five ages, and the change of each is a crisis. If all the
I: Do you agree that it is children who suffer most problems are behind, family relations become stronger.
of all? If a compromise is found and conflicts are settled, the
B: In fact, children suffer even more than we can marriage doesn’t break up and the spouses are sure of
imagine. Each year about 1 million children — almost each other more than before.
2 percent of all children in the United States — are What does a family begin with? With a meeting,
involved in a divorce. But the number of those affected dates (dating), a declaration of love, a proposal and
by it is as many as two thirds. Can you fancy that? Two a wedding. Because it’s just what the first crisis begins
thirds of all children see their parents divorcing before with: there are two of us and we must find answers to
they come of age 18! A child’s chances of seeing his many questions:
or her parents divorce are 90% higher today than they • Which of us and in what cases will make decisions?
were a generation ago. • What income is comfortable? How to tailor our
I: Do you think that having children is a good reason lifestyle to fit it and not to splash out money?
for staying together? • Will the husband act as sole breadwinner? Will
В: I don’t think so. Quite the opposite, children are the wife contribute financially or will she be a
a good reason to split up if the emotional atmosphere financial drain on the family?
at home is very tense and there is nothing people can • Will we probably have separate incomes?
do about it. Having rows and arguments every day • Which of us suggests (plans) recreation and
doesn’t make them happier. entertainment?
I: Thank you very much, Mr Bradley, for talking to us. • When are we going to have a child?
Can't love, deep and sincere, settle these questions
m by itself? No, we must look for honest answers by
a) to have an affair; b) to walk on eggshells; c) deep ourselves in order to share then the same opinions on a
down; d) to confront; e) awful; f) to go off the rails. lot of issues avoiding unnecessary arguments.
The second crisis: there are three of us.
ЕЯ “Youth is over,” the frustrated husband will think “this
1. break up; 2. pick up; 3. come up; 4. dress up; 5. put routine is forever. She needed a child, but not me.”
up; 6. throw out; 7. kick out; 8. take out of; 9. let in; “What was I looking at when getting married? How
10. check smb into; 11. move in. can I live with such a person?”
Psychologists think that disagreements in the family after
ЕЯ the birth of the first child don’t allow the husband to
1. for, up; 2. out; 3. up; 4. up; 5. into; 6. up; 7. out; succeed in his career and often cause alcohol addiction
8. out; 9. in; 10. for; 11. on; 12. off; 13. in with; 14. on; and adultery. The main evidence that the crisis has been
15. up; 16. through; 17. back on. overcome is the husband’s success at work.

374
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The third crisis: we go to school. house. The houses usually have a small garden at the
Why are we so excited when our child goes to school front and a larger garden at the back and perhaps
for the first time (starts school)? Because we take our a garage at the side.
first social exam on how we have brought him up in B. This house is still a favourite with the British
the family. The sign that we have passed it successfully builder and householder. It is sometimes called a
is that the child grows healthy and goes to school with “town house”. It may be three or four storeys high and
pleasure. have spacious rooms. This sort of house can be very
The fourth crisis: how difficult these teenagers are! expensive. But as building land is becoming scarce and
Your rebellious teenager establishes his identity. And therefore more expensive there is a tendency to build
his parents live through the mid-life crisis. What have new houses attached to one another on both sides, in a
I achieved (have I managed to achieve/ attain)? Have long row. There are miles of older houses of this type
my dreams come true? Is everything important already in most towns. Over a quarter of British families live
behind? Some parents try to consider their children in them.
to be little as long as possible. “He is little” can be C. It has land all around it and is the most expensive
interpreted as “Г т still young”. But the child will type of home. The house has privacy from neighbours
anyway start his own life. and is ideal for keen gardeners who have plenty of time
Perhaps it’s time to remember love, isn’t it? If, as to work in the garden.
before, there is something to talk about and be silent D. It is the dream of many older people to buy such
together, the fifth family age — “together again” — will a house by the sea when they retire. All the rooms are
be wonderful. on the ground floor so it is a particularly suitable type
of home for older people.
E. These houses were built in large numbers in
Unit 10. HOME, SWEET HOME the 1950s and early 1960s to provide the most
accommodation using the least amount of land. People
0 needed to be re-housed after the destruction of the war
years. Sociologists gathered evidence that living in such
“East or west, home is best”, “There is no place like a house has problems. Families feel isolated and lonely.
home”, “Home is where your heart is”. There is not much contact with neighbours.

в s
1. a detached house; 2. a block of flats; 3. a multi­ Personal opinion: cosy; crammed; dilapidated; in good/
storeyed building; 4. a mansion; 5. a bungalow; bad condition; luxurious; messy; modern; neglected;
6. a cottage; 7. a semi-detached house; 8. a skyscraper; spacious/ roomy; stuffy; tidy/ untidy.
9. a terraced house. Material: brick; clay; concrete; concrete and glass;
mud; stone; wooden.
н Location: country; suburban; town.
1. a bungalow; 2. a hut; 3. a palace; 4. a mansion; Form of property: municipal; private.
5. a terraced house; 6. a bedsitter; 7. a cottage;
8. a skyscraper; 9. self-contained; 10. a semi-detached m
house; 11. a villa; 12. a penthouse; 13. a homestead. 1. to make oneself at home — (spoken) used to tell
someone to relax when they are visiting your home;
□ 2. an old people’s home — an institution for elderly
A. a semi-detached house; B. a terraced houses; people needing care or rest;
C. a detached house/ mansion; D. a bungalow; 3. to stay at home — to be at the place where you
E. a block of flats/ multi-storeyed building. usually live, especially with your family;
TAPESCRIPT
4. to be quite at home — to feel comfortable
somewhere, or feel confident doing smth;
A. This type of house is built as one of a pair of houses 5. to feel at home — to feel relaxed;
which share a central wall. This saves land because 6. to play at home — to play in the town, etc. to which
they do not have gardens all round like a detached the team belongs;

48*
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7. to find a home — (BE) to find a place where smth The shape and size of the rooms and therefore of
can be kept; the house as a whole, depend on the way people
8. a home from home — a place where one is as happy, live. In the Middle Ages, when people spent most of
comfortable, etc. as in one’s own home. their time out of doors, rooms were few and barely
furnished. But as indoor activities increased, rooms
ш were set apart for different purposes. Nowadays,
I. housewives; 2. household; 3. home-made; in the West, the desire for privacy has led to houses
4. housekeeper; 5. homesick; 6. housework; or flats with small rooms, so that each family can
7. homecomings; 8. housebound; have a separate living place and each person a separate
9. homegrown; 10. homeland; room. Still, in warm countries people live much more
II. housewarming. out of doors than in the north. So, the houses are
simpler and the rooms are less heavily furnished.
ш
l.b; 2.e; 3.g; 4.f; 5.i; 6.j; 7.d; 8.c; 9.h; lO.a. ЕШ
TAPESCRIPT l.F; 2.F; 3. no evidence (NE); 4.T; 5.T.

The primitive dwellings of many native tribes are ЕШ

often little more than shelters of mud, skin or wood, 1. Home, sweet home. It doesn’t matter what type
hardly deserving the name of ‘house*. Permanently of house you live in: in a detached house, a semi­
constructed houses have only developed in settled detached house, in a block of flats or in a modest
civilizations. Their forms differ widely according to bungalow. It is the place where you moved once and
the kind of life people live, the climate, the materials it has become your second (alter) “ego”. Certainly,
available for building, and the skill with which these the size of your dwelling depends on the size of your
are used. income. Some people can afford a spacious house built
The shape of the house is strongly influenced by the of bricks in the suburbs with a splendid (marvelous)
climate. Where it is warm, the plan of the house is view over a river or a forest; others live in town, in
open. The rooms in such houses are often arranged a studio. But the main point is that your house should
round a courtyard which admits air but not too much be a cosy place where you want to return after work
sun. In the north, houses are more compact so that or classes, where you get together with your friends at
they can be more easily kept warm in winter. Where weekends or on holidays.
there is much rain, they have steep roofs to throw 2. America is a country o f skyscrapers. This is what
it off. But where there is much snow and frost, they always impresses people who arrive in this country.
generally have flatter roofs where the snow will lie, These modem houses built of glass and concrete are
making a warm blanket over the house. Still, in hot in all large cities of the USA. There are companies’
countries flat roof may also be common because no offices, apartments there and on the top floor
slope is needed to throw off rainwater. luxurious dwellings called penthouses are located.
The shape of windows is also dependent on the The rich prefer living in suburban houses: mansions,
climate. They are large in the north to admit sunlight, villas, some of them look like real palaces.
though not so large as to make the rooms too cold. 3. My friend has often moved during his life. His living
In the south, windows are small so as to keep the conditions depended on his career and income. When he
house as cool as possible inside and are often shaded was a poor student he rented a small studio, which was
away from the sun. Shutters outside the windows always in a mess. After graduating from the university he
also provide protection from the sun. Balconies and got a job of a bank teller and moved to a small cottage.
verandas in hot climes are usually rather big to be used His accommodation was only called a cottage; it looked
as a cool sitting place in the open air. Windows are more like a dilapidated hut. He tried to keep his new
placed facing away from the sun in hot countries and, house in order — he even repaired and redecorated it,
where possible, towards the sun in cold climates to let yet it was in bad condition. After being promoted he
in as much light and warmth as possible. moved to a municipal semi-detached house, not far from
Chimneys are a prominent feature of the exterior of the center where he lives now. He is still dreaming about
the northern house. buying a detached house.

376
 Tapescripts and answer key section
ЕЯ
double glazed windows come onto the overgrown
a)4; b)l; c)5; d)7; e)6; 08; g)2; h)3. garden with Mediterranean plants and native flowers.
The dining room which is also on the first floor has
ЕЯ a fireplace. The modernized kitchen is fully equipped.
1. a shed; 2. a well; 3. a drive(way); 4. a loft; Beautiful wooden stairs lead upstairs, where four
5. a porch/ veranda; 6. a radiator; 7. a heater; bedrooms and a sitting room are located. The property
8. a fence; 9. shutters; 10. a French window; 11. a lock; also includes a swimming pool and a caretaker’s
12. a balcony; 13. an antenna/ an aerial. cottage.
2. Located above a beautiful beach, this whitewashed
EE1 stone house enjoys expansive views of the lake. On
1. gutter, drainpipe; 2. conservatory, a hothouse/ the ground floor the residence has an entrance hall, a
greenhouse; 3. cellar, basement; 4. terrace, veranda/ large living room and a spacious kitchen. The master
porch; 5. steps, staircase, stairs; 6. hedge, fence; bedroom, with a dressing area, and a nursery are on
7. storey, floor. the second floor. An independent guest section on the
second floor has a bathroom, a loft sitting area and
EH a kitchenette. Tall wood-beam ceilings and marble
l.b; 2.a; 3.c; 4.b; 5.b; 6.b; 7.a; 8.b. floors are found throughout. Additional guest quarters
include a two-bedroom guesthouse with a porch and
Ш a detached studio.
SUGGESTED ANSWERS: 3. Designed in the local style this three-bedroom
villa is crowned with a flat roof based on brightly
1. a terraced house — a row of houses with common coloured walls and columns. Bamboo blinds filter the
walls; the rest are buildings standing separately and sunlight in the large open dining room on the first
they are for one person or family; floor. Upstairs, beyond the shuttered terrace, there are
2. a ceiling — the inside surface of the top part of three air-conditioned bedrooms with hardwood floors.
a room; the rest words denote the things found outside Drainpipes in the form of Chinese monkeys beautifully
a house; ornament the villa. A separate pavilion, in the front
3. a ceiling fan — a device with rotating blades, garden, houses the dining area which has an airy
operated mechanically to create a current of cool air; kitchen and a bar.
the rest things are designed to heat rooms in a house; 4. This fine semi-detached house has now been
4. a cellar — a room under a house; the rest things are sensitively developed into completely self-contained
at the top of a house; apartments, each with its own private entrance and
5. a doormat — a piece of thick material which covers veranda. Heated by period fireplaces, this apartment is
part of a floor at the front door; the rest things belong available for letting from early spring till late autumn
to the door; and takes up the whole of the first floor giving
6. a hostess — a woman at a party who invites guests magnificent views from all windows. A driveway from
and organizes a party; the rest people are connected the house leads directly to the pebble beach. West
with renting or letting flats and houses; facing garden is furnished with the garden furniture.
7. to pull down — to destroy a building, wall etc.; the STUDENT В
rest verbs denote the process of creating smth new in
rooms, buildings etc. 1. Shortly after completing his famous Paris tower,
Gustave Eiffel built a two-storey house in a small
Ш town on the French Riviera. The house was badly
STUDENT A damaged during the last war but restored using local
materials. The first floor has a living room whose
1. Shortly after completing his famous Paris tower, French windows come onto the well-kept garden with
Gustave Eiffel built a three-storey house in a small Mediterranean plants and native flowers. The dining
town on the French Riviera. The house was badly room which is also on the first floor has a fireplace.
damaged during the last war but restored using local The old-fashioned kitchen is fully equipped. Beautiful
materials. The First floor has a living room whose marble stairs lead upstairs, where four bedrooms and

377
 Tapescripts and answer key section
a sitting room are located. The property also includes a business but a hobby. It is certainly pleasant to treat
a wine cellar and a caretaker’s cottage. your family and friends to the fruit and vegetables that
2. Located above a beautiful beach, this whitewashed you have grown in your own garden. At the back there
brick house enjoys expansive views of the sea. On the is also a small shed where the owners of the house
ground floor the residence has an entrance hall, a large keep garden tools, ladders, children’s bicycles for which
living room, a dining room and a spacious kitchen. there is no room in the house.
The master bedroom, with a dressing area, and a study The front door has got a door-handle and a door bell.
are on the second floor. An independent guest section There is no spyhole on the door as you can see through
on the second floor has a bedroom, a loft sitting area the glass who is ringing the bell or knocking at the
and a kitchenette. Tall wood-beam ceilings and parquet door. On the doorstep there is a door mat to wipe your
floors are found throughout. Additional guest quarters feet.
include a two-bedroom guesthouse with a balcony and The design of the house is typical for English suburban
a detached studio. areas. There is neither a basement nor a cellar in the
3. Designed in the local style this three-bedroom house. In the early 20s when the house was built it had
villa is crowned with a tiled roof based on brightly no central heating nor running water. But now each
coloured walls and columns. Bamboo shutters filter room has got radiators and you don’t need to carry
the sunlight in the large open living room on the first water from the well.
floor. Upstairs, beyond the shuttered veranda, there are On the ground floor there is a kitchen, a dining room,
three air-conditioned bedrooms with carpeted floors. a sitting room and a study. The floor in the house is
Drainpipes in the form of oriental dragons beautifully wooden as parquet floor is very expensive.
ornament the villa. A separate pavilion, in the front The Townsends’ house is very cosy and hospitable.
garden, houses the dining area which has a small Their friends like to come to them for a cup of tea or
kitchen and a bar. dinner. There is a lot of joy and laughter in the house.
4. This fine detached house has now been sensitively All guests feel at home in it.
developed into two completely self-contained
apartments, each with its own private entrance and ЕИ
garden. Centrally heated, this apartment is available 1. to convert; 2. to move out; 3. to rent; 4. to let;
for letting throughout the year and takes up the whole 5. to share; 6. to furnish; 7. to pay a deposit; 8.
of the first floor giving magnificent views from all to hunt; 9. to rebuild; 10. to keep house; 11. to
windows. A footpath from the house leads directly to redecorate; 12. to restore; 13. to pull down; 14. to
the sandy beach. South facing garden is furnished with design; 15. to move (in)to a new house; 16. to renovate.
the garden furniture.
m
m 1. mortgage; 2. monthly installments; 3. original cost;
Mr and Mrs Townsend’s family lives in a small 4. pay a deposit; 5. rent; 6. tenant; 7. landlord
brick semi-detached house. On the tiled proof there (landlady); 8. estate agent; 9. removal firm.
is a small dormer window and two chimneys. The
house is surrounded by a low hedge, and there is a EE1
narrow asphalt path leading from the iron gate to l.A; 2.A; 3.R; 4.K; 5.R; 6.R; 7.A.
the front (entrance) door. To the left of the house TAPESCRIPT
there is a garage and there is a wide driveway leading
to it. Like the majority of houses in England, the Part I
Townsends’ house has got two floors and there is Presenter: Adam Shearn, 29, and his girlfriend Katie
neither a balcony nor a porch in it. In front of the Mulrooney, 22, have bought a two-bedroom Victorian
house there is a tiny garden with two flower beds where terraced house in Chapel Allerton, a suburb of Leeds.
Mrs Townsend grows roses and other flowers according He works in IT, she is a market researcher and between
to the season. Behind the house there is a small them they earn £42,000 a year. The house was on the
orchard and a vegetable garden. Recently Mr Townsend market for £145,000 and they paid £143,500.
has built a hothouse where he grows tomatoes and Adam: I’ve been trying to get onto the property ladder
cucumbers. For Mr Townsend growing vegetable is not for about a year. I work in Birmingham and Katie

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 Tapescripts and answer key section
works in Leeds, and our original plan was to buy The apartment will be completed by March, which
two separate properties in the two cities. I was keen gives me a bit longer to save. I still have student
to get onto the ladder as the prices are increasing debts, which I’m paying off each month. I didn’t have
faster than my salary. But I couldn’t find anywhere in a problem getting a mortgage.
Birmingham: I was starting to look around, only to There are other people in a similar position to me who
find that everybody else seemed to be looking there as are finding it hard to decide on what to buy and I
well. knew it was a good deal. It will work out cheaper than
It was a problem for Katie to find anywhere she could renting, which is what I’m doing at the moment. The
afford in Leeds, so eventually I suggested investing flat is both a nice place to live and an investment.
together. I won’t be able to move to Leeds for a while,
but our plan is to rent out the second bedroom, which ЕИ
will cover my rent in Birmingham. 1. Most British people obtain their home in one of
Katie: We were very lucky to get the house we’ve three ways. About two thirds, buy their own houses
bought. Leeds is a vibrant city. I saw the property next or flats. About 10 per cent of the population live
door to our house on the Internet so I phoned the in houses which they rent from private owners.
estate agents and found the place had already been The majority of the remaining 25 per cent live in
sold. But they told me the one next door had just dwellings/ accommodation rented from their local
come onto the market. We had wanted three bedrooms councils. Such houses are cheap, but in many areas
and this was only two, but we went to look at it and there are long waiting lists, and the homes go to
thought it was really nice. the most needy people.
Adam: I’ve been saving frantically for two years and 2. The majority of Englishmen buy their homes on
Katie had money put aside, so we were able to afford a mortgage taking a loan from a building society or
a large down payment. a bank. The loan is repaid in monthly installments
over a period of twenty years or more.
Part II 3. When Diana Summers was looking (hunting) for
Presenter: Ruth Corrigan paid her younger brother £50 a house, she needed something small and cosy that
to camp all night to secure her a yet-to-be-built flat would be easy to manage yet could be added to.
in an apartment complex in the centre of Newcastle She eventually found a Georgian house surrounded
upon Tyne. After queuing for 12 hours she paid 10% by mature trees. The house was built in 1820 and
reservation fee on a first-floor, one-bedroom apartment needed structural alterations as well as a great deal
costing £85,000. Corrigan, 24, qualified as a solicitor of redecorating. The exciting part was planning the
last month and earns £30,000 a year. rebuilding of the inside of the house. She did nearly
Ruth: Buying the apartment was quite a rash decision. all this herself but hired an architect to deal with the
“I thought it was important to get onto the property trickier jobs. The house has three floors including a
ladder so I went to look at some new properties and basement with French windows opening on to a pretty
saw that this flat was within my price range, which not garden. Here she made a kitchen/dining room, creating
many properties are. an illusion of space with a mirrored wall, and turned a
The complex is a converted Victorian printworks with small room into an office. A minute bathroom has been
an extension and it’s right in the middle of the city crammed in to make the basement self-contained. The
centre, near China Town, which is the sort of area in guest room was converted into the main bathroom so
which I want to live. It’s quite cosmopolitan. a spare bedroom has been fitted under the roof. By the
I was born in Newcastle and although most of my time the house was finished Diana had found herself a
friends have moved to London I chose to stay here as new career — as a professional interior decorator.
Newcastle has really progressed.
I decided to buy the apartment about four hours after E23
seeing the plans and photographs. They were being Size: spacious; good-sized; double-fronted; impressive;
sold on a first-come, first-served basis, so because open-plan.
I didn’t have time to queue overnight — I was working Distance: close; not far from; secluded; in immediate
for an exam — I paid my brother to sleep in the car proximity to; handy.
and then joined him in the morning. Age: pre-war; mature.

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Other: purpose-built; luxury; superb; impressive; well- I’ll remember the hospitable hosts and their cosy house
proportioned; fantastic; fabulous; sweet-looking; for long.
convenient; charming; fully-applianced; prime.
m
BEDROOM
Unit 11. THERE IS NO PLACE LIKE HOME
I decided to change everything in my bedroom. First
Ш I bought a comfortable double bed, which I placed in
the middle of the room. I put bedside tables on either
FLOOR: bare; carpeted; freshly-painted; laminate; side of the bed. I set a chest of drawers for the linen
linoleum; parquet; polished; stone; tiled; (wooden) by the window. Opposite the chest of drawers I put
plank; vinyl. a dressing table with a mirror. I ordered a built-in
WALL: adjoining; back/ front; bare; brick; carpeted; wardrobe so that it didn’t take much space. I chose
freshly-painted; garden; (plastic) paneled; partition; one colour for everything — bedspreads, bedside rugs,
plastered; stone; tiled; wall-papered; white-washed; wallpaper and curtains — all of them were light green.
(wooden) plank. They say green colour calms down. I think I should
buy new pillows and duvets.
m
LIVING ROOM m
I liked the room we entered at once. It seemed to be a) into the cupboard; b) on the cutting board;
light and spacious. It was papered in light-green. Its c) into the sink/into the dishwasher; d) into the
big windows not covered with lace curtains faced a fridge/freezer; e) on the hotplate of the cooker; f)
carefully mowed lawn in front of the house. into the oven; g) into the garbage bin; h) into the
It is impossible to imagine a living room in an English microwave oven; i) on the draining board/ dish rack; j)
house without a fireplace. In this room there was into the coffee grinder; k) into the blender; 1) into the
a fireplace too and there were several logs lying on the meat mincer/food processor.
hearthrug. Henry, our hospitable host, said that he
would make a fire in the evening when it got colder. RSI
It pleased me very much as I think that burning fire 1. covered; 2. consisting; 3. is heated; 4. opens;
gives some special charm to old English houses. 5. used; 6. arranged; 7. form; 8. keeps; 9. stretches;
My attention was attracted by the mantelpiece. There 10. contains; 11. has; 12. wiped; 13. fixed.
was an ancient chiming clock, several elegant statuettes
and two family photos. m
Right opposite the fireplace there was a white leather KITCHEN
lounge suite that consisted of a comfortable sofa with
cushions and two deep, soft armchairs. To the left of the Kitchen is the place in a house where women spend
fireplace, in the corner there was a TV set with a VCR most of their time, especially if they have big families.
and two shelves for video cassettes. In the opposite corner That’s why they attach great importance to choosing
there was a coffee table with a beautiful inlayed top furniture and kitchen appliances. In a kitchen
where several photo albums were lying. everything has to be handy, efficient and well-planned.
They say that houses reflect their owners’ personalities. Usually people equip the kitchen with a sink, a kitchen
It was evident that growing flowers was the hosts’ hobby cupboard with a work top, a wall cupboard for
as the enire windowsill of the large window which keeping crockery, a fridge and a cooker (stove). Some
overlooked the garden was filled (crammed) with the housewives prefer an electric stove (cooker) to a gas
pots with brightly coloured home plants. Flowerpots one, because it is easier to clean, and you don’t really
stood on low bookcases and on special glass shelves near need a cooker hood very much.
the window. Dining rooms are rare in modern flats
In the evening the room was lit with a modern elegant and houses and that’s why people place a table in the
light, several wall lamps and a beautiful standard lamp kitchen and a family gets together around it to have
with a greenish lampshade. breakfast and dinner (supper). The table can be of

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 Tapescripts and answer key section
different shape — round, oval, square — it depends on a new lease of life — a chance to live longer or with
the size of the kitchen and the owners’ taste. It is very greater vigor, satisfaction etc. (...a lick of white paint has
convenient if the dish rack is placed above the sink and given it a new lease o f life.)
the garbage bin under it. to splash out on — to waste money. (Caroline says she
In modern kitchens you can often see a microwave, has saved money on some things, which has let her splash
a coffee grinder and a coffee maker, a mixer, a toaster out on others, like the sofas and armchairs.)
etc. All these things make the work in the kitchen
pleasant and quick. A good housewife will make her KillsИ
kitchen cosy by decorating it with pretty curtains and 1. splashing out on; 2. a lick of (bright) paint; 3. tie in with;
two or three flowerpots. 4. a new lease of life; 5. to give warmth to; 6. make a special
point of; 7. odds and ends; 8. to make the most of.
ЕБ1
1. have/take a bath, plug; 2. mop; 3. dry his/ her ЕТП
hands on the towel; 4. flush down; 5. having/ taking; 1. 2 bedrooms: 1 bedroom with 1 double bed and
6. having/ taking, wipe the mirror, to apply the face 1 single bed, 1 bedroom with 1 double bed, bathroom
cream; 7. hanging the towels over the rail and a toilet, shower room and a toilet, electric shower
downstairs, kitchen for breakfast with electric hobs and
EE! oven, microwave, fridge/ freezer. Dining room view,
1) of; 2) from; 3) for; 4) at; 5) of; 6) down; 7) towards; central heating. £ 400.
8) along; 9) to; 10) at; 11) on; 12) in; 13) on; 14) in; 2. Luxury apartment, lift and porter. Recently
15) into; 16) in; 17) on; 18) of; 19) with; 20) in; refurbished, 2 bed all en suite, with balcony. Views over
21) beside; 22) with; 23) on; 24) of; 25) with; 26) from; the park. Available for long let, unfurnished $1,600 per
27) with; 28) with; 29) along. week. Call 07885 33847777.
3. Off Tower Bridge Road. Immaculate 2 double
ига bedrooms fit in new house. 1 en suite + separate
thatched roof; extensive hall; abundant natural light; bath and shower rooms. Wood floors, fully furnished
stylish desks; king-size bed; checkered tiles; spectacular, to high standard. Lounge/ diner, fully furnished
breathtaking sea view; white foamy bed; antique chest kitchen with all modern conveniences. $ 290 per week.
of drawers; fluffy rug; wicker baskets; cozy wooden Tel 07766 352653.
cot; French windows; spacious oven; carved oak; rattan 4. Ideally located only a five minutes’ walk from the
furniture; fitted kitchen unit; electric cooker. tourist and craft shops. Comfortably furnished with
quality furniture, this spacious cottage offers an ideal
28 A) holiday home for extended family groups who will
to tie in with — to match. (Moreover, with four children respect his owner’s ‘pride and joy’. Beaches 1mile,
you can never have enough storage, and wicker baskets tie Snowdonia mountains 6 miles. 3 bedrooms: 1bedroom
in with the contemporary yet country style of the kitchen.) with a double bed, 1 bedroom with 2 single beds,
to make the most of — to profit as much as one can from 1 bedroom with 3 single beds in ‘Studio Room’ with
smth. (It was built in the 1920s to make the most of the sea wood burning stove. Bathroom with a toilet. Attractive
views. ...make the most of the abundant natural light.) fitted kitchen/ diner, fridge, electric hob with oven,
a lick o f ... paint — slight application of paint (...a lick microwave, autowasher. Lounge with fireplace housing
o f white paint has given it a new lease o f life.) solid fuel stove, colour TV. Gas, central heating.
to make a special point of — to do smth because one Small back patio. Electricity and gas by meter reading.
considers it important or necessary. (Mary, who is Payphone. Street parking or free car park nearby.
also twelve, makes a special point o f having flowers and Shops/ Inn 300 m. Beach 1 ml, British Rail 1 km.
several mirrors in her pink room.)
odds and ends — small things that are not important or РП51
valuable. (They are also good for storing papers and odds final touch; fitted carpet; fluffy cushions; bay window;
and ends.) adjacent walls; colour board; cotton bathmat; real
to give warmth to — to make cosy. ( Original oak challenge; disarranged furniture; small alcove; leaf
panelling and parquet flooring give warmth to the room.) pattern; table runner; dark-green throws; rush mat

381
 Tapescripts and answer key section
TAPESCRIPT from a cotton bathmat. Dark green throws and white
Presenter: Are you not satisfied with the room you live cushions brought out the colours of the walls and they
in? Do you hate the dull walls around you? Do you want are so cozy!
to give a new lease of life to your old furniture but do As for the window, Michelle didn’t use to have any
not know how? Do you have no money for expensive curtains but blinds. I think blinds look too official in
decorations? The answer to all these questions is: Invite a living-room, but I understood massive curtains will
the MAKEOVER SPECIAL TEAM (MST) and they’ll dominate this room too much. The solution was to use
solve your problem in no time! a light curtain. It allows the light into the room and
The previous weekend the team worked in Michelle doesn’t attract any attention to itself. We also put a large
Sims’ flat. Today our guests in the studio are Michelle rush mat on the floor to cover the dull grey fitted carpet.
herself, Ed Birks, interior designer from MST, and his Ed Birks: While Bridget worked with the cushions and
wife Emma Birks, artist for MST. They are here to tell the curtain, I painted Michelle’s bookcase white as
us how they changed Michelle’s flat. its original lifeless very-light yellow colour didn’t tie
Michelle, just a few words about yourself and about the in. We also brought in a small white coffee table, very
task you set for MST. cheap, it was just £10.
Michelle: I’m 25, I live in a small one-bedroom flat in Presenter: But a table for 10 pounds is definitely plain
London. Next year I’m going abroad to study for about and can’t look very attractive, I am afraid.
18 months, but in the meantime, I wanted my living­ Emma Birks: After making the cushions and the
dining-room to have a quick change. throws for the sofa Bridget had some leftovers, so we
Ed Birks: When we first entered the room I understood made a runner and two napkins for the coffee table.
it was a real challenge — dark grey walls, disarranged With the dark green runner and brighter napkins the
furniture, a sofa too big for the room, lack of light. Michelle table became gorgeous.
said she didn’t mind any changes. Her only condition was to To give the final touch to the room I decided to define
keep the cream sofa, bookcase and dining furniture. the dining area by hanging three plates on the wall
On hearing that Michelle was moving to a sunnier above. I simply painted a green stripe on a white plate
country, we thought we’d get her in the mood with and then hung them on the wall. But the way, as I felt
green and tropical tones. So, we painted the window my ‘leafy’ idea had to be somehow realised, I painted
wall and the small alcove in soft green with the two green leaves on some white cups and plates and put
adjacent walls in brighter green. them on the tables.
Presenter: Michelle, what was your reaction to the new Michelle: I desperately wanted to do my share in this
colour board? redecoration and suddenly I felt my room lacked life.
Michelle: The thought of green on my walls frightened me So I went to buy some plants at the nearest florist’s.
at first, but as soon as I saw the colour board, I relaxed. Emma painted the pots very pale green. We put them
Ed Birks: And the slightly paler green on the two on the dining table and now it looks like a doll’s
opposite walls softened the look. garden. So the colours now all make sense and I know
Emma Birks: I also suggested using a wallpaper border I can live with them quite happily.
with an exotic leaf pattern for the top of the walls, but Presenter: Thank you for your wonderful story, I hope
Michelle didn’t agree. many people would like to change something...
Michelle: No, I found it too bold then. Now I wish
ЕЯ
I had agreed as well.
Ed Birks: Yeah, that’s a pity. Though she didn’t mind Item Used to be Now
1. the walls 1. dark grey 1. different shades of green
moving the furniture around. We moved her small dining
2. small dining 2. in the centre of the room 2. to the side
table and chairs from the centre of the room to the side table and chairs
which gave the impression of more space. But still the too 3. w allpaper 3. none 3. none
border
big sofa spoilt the view. Then I had an idea to tuck it into
4. sofa 4. a) the centre of attention in 4. a) tucked into the bay
the bay window — and it looked smaller at once. the room window
Presenter: What did you add to the room design, apart b) em pty b) made the cushions and
the throws
from just colours and moving things around? 5. put a large rush m at to
5. carpet 5. dull grey fitted carpet
Emma Birks: Our crafts designer Bridget made very cover the carpet

unusual fluffy cushions which look like polar bears 6. window 6. had blinds 6. light curtain

382
 Tapescripts and answer key section
Item Used to be Now
TAPESCRIPT
7. bookcase 7. lifeless very-light yellow 7. painted it white
8. a small white 8. newly-bought, but very 8. made a dark-green runner 1. I remember talking to my cousin who was about to
coffee table plain and two napkins
finish her second year at university. She’d been staying in
9. plates, cups 9. white 9. painted green stripes,
and wall plates green leaves on some cups the students’ dorm from the very beginning and had lots
and plates of stories for a curious soon-to-be-a-student me. Being
10. pot plants... 10. bought them after the 10. there are two on the
redecoration of Emma’s room... dining-table
the kind of person who is easily tempted I was terrified.
I couldn’t imagine myself, a diligent girl, sharing the
m room with a bunch of crazy fellows and having dozens of
1. Taurus; 2. Aries; 3. Cancer; 4. Leo; 5. Gemini; neighbours whose sanity is just as questionable. You know
6. Libra; 7. Scorpio, Aries; 8. Pisces; 9. Capricon; what I mean, don’t you? All those endless parties, tea
10. Aquarian; 11. Sagittarius; 12. Virgo. breaks which last till the small hours, lack of silence or
any sort of privacy, people coming at any time they need
ЕТЯ to borrow your frying-pan, common facilities, water and
1.crammed with smth; 2. to have an eye for smth.; electricity cuts, and so on. Well, there are still a number
3. collectibles; 4. to liven up; 5. well-portioned; of things to be added to that list. You can add them
6. luxurious/ luxe; 7. floor heating; 8. vintage; without my modest help.
9. to enlarge; 10. handcrafted 2. God’s favour, I never had to live in the dorm.
I managed to rent a flat for myself. Actually it’s hard to
m say with absolute certainty whether I should feel lucky
l.F; 2.T; 3.T; 4.F; 5.F; 6.F; 7.T; 8.F; 9.F; 10.F; 11.F avoiding this “fun life”. Despite all inconveniences there
is a wide array of advantages to it. You are never alone,
ЕЯ someone is always there not to let you feel lonely and
Student: A friend told me I might find some miserable. A students’ dormitory is a perfect place for
accommodation here. those who want to learn patience, tolerance, coexistence,
Landlady: Yes? I have a spare single. who want to be free of any biases, who want to get ready
Student: What’s the price of the room? to live in any kind of society and survive in the most
Landlady: $30 per month. And you’ll have to pay in unfriendly environment.
advance. 3. If you didn’t live in a hostel, you were not a real
Student: When you say $30, is that with lighting and student! A hostel is a real school of life. While living in
telephone? a hostel, you can try yourself in different roles, because
Landlady: It’s including lighting but excluding you must do everything yourself, only sometimes with
telephone. And I’ve got some terms. You are not the help of your neighbours. You can be a carpenter
bringing your friends for nights, you are not arranging hammering the nails, repairing some pieces of
these wild parties after 10 pm. You are going to keep furniture, locks and so on; a plumber cleaning sinks
the room in order and use the furniture with care. I and loos that were choked up; an electrician repairing
don’t want to have it scratched or something. If you wall outlets and different domestic devices. You can
want me to cook your meals, you’ll have to pay extra. be a cook, a sewer, and a teacher helping your junior
Student: Would it be convenient to see the room? friends to do their homework. You can even try to be
Landlady: Come in by all means. Will Saturday do? a “big boss”, if you are a head of a section. You have a
great number of opportunities to learn the things that
PEI
you have never thought you need. They say that the
best teacher is your own experience.
Student 1

Student 2

Student 3

Student 4

Student 5

And don’t think that life in a hostel is a constant

struggle for surviving. It is a merry atmosphere of
a) has experience o f living in the halls o f + + students’ life. You are among the friends who are
residence?
always ready to help you and share with you both their
b) speaks about the lack of privacy in the halls? + + meal and their knowledge.
c) sees advantages of living in the halls? + + 4. As I live in a flat, I’ve got a sketchy idea about
d) considers halls good life school? + + students’ life in a hostel. But from my friends’ complaints
e) m entions regulations you have to obey? + about it I can conclude that life is difficult there.

383
 Tapescripts and answer key section
In the hostel you will find neither luxury nor superb But anyway you’ll get valuable experience of living on
accommodation, just the necessary things: plain your own, without parents’ support. Whether it tempers
furniture, central heating, running cold and hot water, or overwhelms, it depends utterly on the person.
electricity. In every room there live two or three
people. If you find the room very crammed for living, U n itl2 . HOUSEKEEPING IS NOT A JOKE
you can’t but resign yourself to the inevitable. There’s
no telephone, no gas (as there are electric cookers in в
the hostel). If electricity is cut off, you won’t be able
even to warm up your food (if there is any). You can’t 1. I squeeze the water out of my linen, and then I hang
be independent here: you have to share a kitchen, the washing out pegging it to the washing line.
a toilet, and a bath with several people. 2. I go shopping.
And there is one more problem — how to organize 3. I clean the windows.
your study time. It seems that the time is slipping awray 4. I spring-clean/ do/ have spring cleaning.
here. You are constantly distracted by drop-in visitors, 5. I do, tidy up, clean the house, I air the rooms,
whom you have to deal with and it’s rather difficult to I sweep/ wash/ brush/ polish/ m op/ scrub the floor,
tackle your daily tasks. vacuum, hoover/ clean/ beat/ sweep/ shake the
From the previous considerations I conclude that carpets, dust the furniture and then I set/ lay the table.
living in the hostel is not a piece of cake. To survive in 6. I clean everything up after my guest, i.e. sweep the
these awful conditions you have to be smart, energetic, floor (the carpet), vacuum, hoover the pieces of glass.
efficient and hardy. And if you can afford to be 7. I clean everything up after my dog, brush or
independent in your own self-contained place, avoid vacuum, hoover the carpets.
living in the hostel. 8. I try to soak my blouse before washing, then I leave
5. Living at a hostel ... well, for me it’s, first of all, it to soak, I try to remove the stain/ to get a stain out
living among people, like in a small town. Here you of the blouse with the washing powder/ detergent.
have its own administration and its population: your 9. I wash up; wash the dishes up with the washing-up
neighbours and some strangers. Corridors are like liquid.
streets that link separate apartments with their own 10. I go and empty a dustbin = garbage pail (AE).
secrets. Every student who lives here has duties and 11. I clear up the mess.
rights. You get cheap lodging and new friends but 12. I air the rooms.
you can’t come late, otherwise you’ll sleep outside, 13. I wring the linen to squeeze water out of it or, if
and you have to get along with your new enemies. I use my washing machine, I tumble dry it.
As students of all the years live together you get 14. I try to soak my tablecloth before washing, then
a unique opportunity to come into notes on various I leave it to soak, I try to remove the stain/ to get
subjects, drafts of research work, textbooks and sound a stain out of the tablecloth with the washing powder/
advice whenever you need it. detergent.
At a hostel the big students’ family usually gather 15. I starch the collars.
on special occasions such as formal and informal 16. I bleach the linen.
holidays. You will be amazed by the wide range of 17. I set the ironing board then iron/ press the things
parties. Students’ imagination gives birth to carnival- with a steam iron.
masquerades, discos, concerts, competitions and so on.
Surely, you won’t get bored, b u t... you can fail your в
exams or something like this if you have them the next a) washing up; b) ironing; c) washing; d) shopping;
day as you might not have even a petty chance to learn e) cooking; 0 vacuum cleaning; g) window cleaning;
the subject or at least to prepare cribs. h) dusting; i) polishing; j) bed making.
It’s common knowledge that it is easier to overcome
hardships all together. So in the evening a small group of □
students make their way in corridors (it is quite possible SUGGESTED ANSWERS:
that the electricity was cut off) to bathrooms to wash
before going to sleep. When they reach their destination, 1. You: They need to be washed./ They definitely
it might appear that water was cut off, so ... c’est la vie. should be washed.

384
 Tapescripts and answer key section
2. You: You should starch them ./ The collars need to m
be starched./ The collars should be starched. l.c; 2.h; 3.d; 4.f; 5.j; 6.a; 7.g; 8.i; 9.e; lO.b.
3. You: Never mind. Г11 bleach it./ Г11 get the stain out
of the tablecloth.
no
4. You: The room needs to be tidied up. You should/ TAPESCRIPT
must clear up the mess. On Saturday. I wake up to see Courtney, my youngest 1-
5. You: The litter needs to be taken away into the year-old daughter grinning at me from her cot. It’s a treat
dustbin./ The litter should be taken away into the for me to stay in bed until 8 o’clock — in the week I’m
dustbin. up at least an hour earlier to see the kids off to school.
6. You: Sure, you should take them away into the A quick breakfast of toast and jam at 9 before starting
wardrobe. on the housework. It may be the weekend but there’s
7. You: I’ll sweep the floor and then mop it; if no let-up with the washing and I’ll usually have to do
necessary, Г11 scrub the floor. about five loads. Thanks to my new washing machine
8. You: You should sew it (on). It needs to be sewn./ It I don’t have to wait hours for my laundry to dry up —
should be sewn. it takes about 15 minutes. Then I can start ironing I’ll
9. You: It needs to be dusted./ It should be dusted. also have to nag the children to tidy up their bedrooms
so I can vacuum.
в At 11 we’re off to the park to get the kids tired,
a broom — a brush with a long handle, used for although often it wears me out as much as them.
sweeping floors; Usually we meet up with some other families. The last
a dustbin — a large container where you put waste so time we ended up with 16 of us on a football ground
that it can be taken away; having a kick around.
a mop — a thing for washing floors consisting of a long At 2 pm we come back home and lay the Sunday
stick with a sponge or pieces of thick string at the end; lunch table. The youngest ones are still finishing
p e g s/ pins — a small plastic or wooden object used for their lunch as we clear up around them. There is
fastening wet clothes to a washing line; no time to sit around. Martin starts giving baths to
a duster — a cloth for removing dust from furniture; our younger children and it takes up to three hours
a bottlebrush — a thing consisting of hairs fastened on before everyone’s finished.
to a handle; you use it for cleaning bottles; At about 3 I go off to the supermarket with one of
washing powder — soap or detergent in the form of the older children while my husband, Martin, looks
powder for washing clothes, etc.; after the rest of the children. Supermarket shopping is
laundry soap — a substance used for washing and a huge undertaking and the bill comes to at least $70.
cleaning, made of fat or oil combined with an alkali; At 5 pm I take four huge pizzas out of the freezer
a dustpan — a flat container with a handle and for the kids’ weekly treat. They are heated in the
a brush, used to remove dust and dirt from the floor; microwave oven one by one. The children usually
bleach — a chemical used to clean things or make rush into the kitchen by this time. While the
them whiter. children are eating I start polishing the shoes that
children and Martin will need on weekdays. Cleaning
m the family’s footwear is almost a full-time job in
1. to spring-clean/ to do/ have spring cleaning; 2. to itself. Last Saturday, for example, I had to polish
air a room; 3. to clean the windows; 4. to sweep the twenty-two pairs, only two of which were mine.
floor; 5. to soak clothes before washing; 6. to rinse and At 8 pm after the little ones are in bed the older kids
wring the linen; 7. to remove a stain/ to get a stain out are allowed to watch a video while I cross-stitch. I’ll
of clothes; 8. to starch collars and cuffs; 9. to bleach often work on a sampler for two hours at night.
the linen; 10. to hang the washing out; 11. a clothes At 9.30 pm all the kids go to bed, which leaves us free
line/ a washing line; 12. to peg; 13. washing powder/ to have a meal, which Martin cooks. We eat at 10 pm,
detergent; 14. to set/ lay the table; 15. a scourer; 16. to watch a bit of TV and then rest for half an hour with
set the ironing board; 17. to wash a pile of dishes (up); a cup of tea and a woman’s magazine. Soon I doze off
18. to wring a wet towel; 19. to m op/ to clean/ to wipe on the settee.
the floor. At 11.30 pm we fall into bed exhausted.

49 A way to success
385
 Tapescripts and answer key section
Time W hat Linda and M artin do
the cord in a socket, set the temperature and steam
8 am 1. Linda wakes up.
9 am —11am 2. Linda has breakfast of toast and jam . controls according to the type of fabrics, do not touch
3. Linda starts doing the housework.
4. Linda does the washing.
the stick-proof sole with a finger; spread the garment
5. Linda does the ironing. to avoid creases, push the iron smoothly, fold/ hang up
6. Linda makes her children make their beds.
7. Linda does the vacuum ing. the garment on a hanger;
11 am —2 pm 8. Linda takes the kids to the park. C) making the bed — fold and take away the
9. They play games w ith a ball.
bedspread, spread the sheet and the blanket (blanket
2 pm —3 pm 10. They come back home.
11. They lay the Sunday lunch table. cover), plump up the pillows;
12. They clear up the table.
13. M artin starts giving baths to their younger children.
D) washing the floor — pour water in a bucket/
3 pm —5 pm 14. Linda goes off to the superm arket w ith one of the a wash-basin, soak and wring the floor-cloth/ a mop,
older children. wipe the floor clean once or twice.
15. M artin looks after the rest of the children.
5 pm 16. Linda heats 4 huge pizzas in the microwave oven one
by one. ЕГП
17. The kids usually rush into the kitchen.
18. Linda starts polishing the shoes that the children and 1. doing their laundring by hand; 2. to get out the dirt;
M artin will need on weekdays.
3. scrubbed their laundry; 4. puts in laundry;
8 pm —9.30 pm 19. Linda and M artin put their little children into bed.
20. The parents allow the older kids to watch a video. 5. puts bleach and fabric softener; 6. set of controls
21. Linda cross-stitches. determines; 7. a hose connected to; 8. time to rinse;
9.30 pm 22. A ll the kids go to bed.
23. M artin cooks a meal.
9. the bascket begins to speed rapidly; 10. pumped out
10 pm —11.30 24. Linda and M artin have a meal. of the machine.
25. Linda and M artin w atch a bit of TV.
26. Linda rests for h alf an hour w ith a cup o f tea and
w om an’s magazine.
ЕЯ
27. Linda dozes off on the settee.
l.b; 2.e; 3.j; 4.h; 5.a; 6.g; 7.c; 8.d; 9.f; lO.i.
11.30 pm 28. Linda and M artin fall into bed exhausted.

m m
1. chores; 2. ironing; 3. dustpan; 4. washing line;
l.C; 2.A; 3.C; 4.D; 5.D; 6.D. 5. toaster; 6 .bleaching; 7. mop; 8. blender; 9. laundry;
10. tidying up; 11. pegs; 12. hoover; 13. rinsing;
KQ 14. scourer; 15. detergent; 16. broomstick.
job responsibilities; working hours; days off and holidays;
salary; job security; work dangers; work benefits. RSI
l.a; 2.a; 3.d; 4.c; 5.d; 6.a; 7.d; 8.d; 9.a; lO.b; ll.b; 12.b.
EE3
I. rinses; 2. loads; 3. detergent; 4. turns; 5. radio waves; ЕТП
6. cook; 7. warming; 8. heat; 9. designed; 10. surface; Power/ Electric Tools: a hand/ electric drill, an electric
II. baking; 12. brown; 13. current; saw.
14. wire rack; 15. cleaning; 16. attachments; Measuring Tools: a tape measure, a folding ruler, a set
17. equipped; 18. inaccessible; 19. dries; 20. settings. square, a spirit level.
Drawing Tools: a paintbrush, a (paint) roller.
1. dishwasher; 2. microwave oven; 3. stove/ cooker; Cutting Tools: an axe, a (an electric) saw, pliers,
4. toaster; 5. vacuum cleaner/ hoover; 6. washing a chisel, scissors.
machine. Gardening Tools: a rake, a spade, a fork, scissors.
Woodworking Tools: a hammer, a plane, a screwdriver,
m a file, sandpaper, a chisel.
A) washing up dishes — put in the sink, turn on Fastenings: a screw, a nut, a bolt, a nail, a hook,
the tap, add some washing liquid to get soapy water, a washer, a spanner = a wrench (ЛЕ).
wash with a sponge or scourer, do not splash, rinse,
put on the draining board to drain, wipe with a cloth, ЕЯ
put on a rack in a cupboard; 1. spanner; 2. hammer; 3. plane; 4. axe, saw; 5. chisel;
B) ironing a T-shirt — set up the ironing board; refill 6 . bolts, nuts; 7. screw; 8. scissors; 9. screwdriver;
the water container (if steaming is necessary), plug in 10. spade; 11. drill; 12. nail; 13. rake; 14. pliers.

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ИД
carpets. Unfortunately we have an old vacuum cleaner
I. I’d plug in and switch on my hair dryer. 2. I’d turn and it can’t shampoo the carpets like modern models. In
it down. 3. I’d unplug the iron. 4. I’d switch off my the rooms we have parquet floors that is why we do not
washing machine. 5. I’d turn it up. 6. I’d switch on wash them but polish. But to wash them in the kitchen,
my coffee grinder. 7. I’d turn it up. 8. I’d turn it down. bathroom and the corridor where they are covered with
9. I’d plug it in and switch it on. 10. I’d turn it up. linoleum, is my duty.
II. I’d switch the lamp off. 12. I’d switch it off and Reporter: Do the younger members of your family have
unplug. any duties?
Oksana: Certainly, they do. In big families you have to
Ш teach children to do work about the house since very
I. T; 2.F; 3.F; 4.T; 5.F; 6.T; 7.F; 8.T; 9.T; 10.F; early age. My three-year-old sister, for example, knows
II. T. that she must dust all the furniture she can reach from
the chair. And my brother, First-grader, always buys
ЕТП milk and bread.
l.c; 2.e; 3.g; 4.a; 5.h; 6.d; 7.b; 8.f. Reporter: To wash dirty linen is in my opinion the dullest
and most difficult chore. Who does it in your family?
ED Oksana: Fortunately we have a new washing machine
1. a safe place; 2. accidental injuries; 3. a knife rack; that even wrings the linen itself. What is only left is
4. broken glass; 5. a sharp-edged tool; 6. glass splinters; to iron it. Dad irons big linen like blanket covers and
7. to pick up glass splinters with bare hands; 8. to wipe; sheets, and Mum and I iron small things. Last year we
9. to spill water; 10. to burn or to scald; 11. a pot handle; gave Mum an ironing board and a clever steam iron
12. to stick out; 13. to knock a pot over; 14. an electrical with temperature settings. Mum says that now ironing
appliance; 15. a conductor of electricity; 16. to be is a sheer pleasure.
electrocuted; 17. a battery-powered radio; 18. hazardous Reporter: And if something breaks down in your house,
items; 19. poisonous chemicals; 20. tightly covered do you call Fitters and plumbers?
containers; 21. a well-ventilated area; 22. to handle with Oksana: Only if our dad is away on business. He is
caution; 23. a hiding place; 24. to suffocate; 25. work Jack-of-all-trades. He can both mend a tap and make
gloves; 26. to protect hands from cuts and scratches; new furniture.
27. fertilizers; 28. precautions; 29. to trip over smth; Reporter: Do you redecorate your flat too?
30. to keep everything in its proper place. Oksana: Yes, and do it with great pleasure. By the way
we last redecorated our flat last year. My dad and my
ш brothers rearranged the furniture and wallpapered the
l.b; 2.f; 3.g; 4.a; 5.d; 6.c; 7.e. rooms, while Mum and I painted the windows and the
doors. Everyone had a wonderful mood and we worked
m very quickly. We completely Finished the redecoration
1. to sweep them under the carpet; 2. washing his within two weeks.
dirty linen in public; 3. call a spade a spade; 4. A new Reporter: Thanks for the interview, Oksana. After
broom sweeps clean; 5. to wipe the slate clean; 6. when talking with you one may want a big family.
the dust settles; 7. it’s never late to mend.

Unit 13. EAT W ITH PLEASURE,

Reporter: I know that you have got a big family, five DRINK AT MEASURE
children, and you are the eldest daughter. How are
household chores divided (distributed) in your family? В
Oksana: Of course, it is Mum who does the biggest part l.a; 2.b; 3.f; 4.c; 5.e; 6.d; 7.g.
of housework. She cooks and does the main part of the
shopping. But we all help her as much as we can. For □
example, everybody makes his or her bed in the morning. 1. fresh, hot; 2. greasy; 3.sour, unripe; 4. overcooked;
On Saturdays we tidy up the flat all together. Dad and 5. underdone; 6. done to a turn; 7. bland, tasteless;
my elder brothers hoover the furniture and beat the 8. frozen; 9. burnt.

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□ KB
1. I had a cup of tea that smelled of coffee. Didn’t you TAPESCRIPT
wash the cups after breakfast?
2. This mineral water smells like vinegar. Dear boys and girls! Every day you eat bread, and
3. Our plums taste delicious! (OR: Our plums taste like buns, and porridge, and your favourite cornflakes with
heaven!) fruit, nuts and milk. But have you ever thought about
4. It’s strange that these cakes taste of chocolate, what they are made of? Or do you believe bread, like
although I didn’t add chocolate to the dough. apples, grows on trees? I know one little girl who is
5. What are you doing? — I’m tasting the soup. It sure about that, and she keeps asking her father to
tastes like mushroom soup. plant a cake tree in their garden. But as a matter of
6. The smell of freshly baked bread always makes the fact all these products are made of different types of
atmosphere of a home cozier. grains which grow in the fields on arable farms and
7. After I’ve tasted a bit of every dish, I’ve realised that today I am going to tell you about them.
I don’t like the way she cooks at all. Grains, also called cereals, are the seeds of such plants
8. The room smelled of lemons. as barley, corn, millet, oats, rice, rye and wheat. The
9. This dish smells really nice. I hope it’ll taste just as human diet has been based on grains for thousands
well. of years. Western people eat a lot of bread, and rice is
10. Something smells (= stinks) in the kitchen. — Oh, the main food in many oriental cultures. Millers grind
my God! It’s the fish I was going to make for dinner. much of the world’s grain, especially wheat, into flour.
11. Stewed aubergines (= (AE)) eggplants smell like Wheat flour is used in almost all breads, in pastries,
mushrooms. and in macaroni and other kinds of noodles.
12. This dish tastes too much of garlic. Bread is made by baking dough that consists of flour
13. Her breath smelled of mint. mixed with water or milk. In many parts of the world,
14. The child bit off an apple from the vase on the people make bread by hand much as ancient bakers
table but it was tasteless and he thought it wasn’t real. did. In industrial nations, however, most bread is made
15. What are you making? It smells like shashlik. — by machine in commercial bakeries.
Just roasting some meat. Bread may be divided into three main types: yeast
bread, quick bread, and flat bread. Yeast bread is called
ВШ so because it is raised by yeast. You definitely like
a) 1 (to bake); b) 3 (to stew); c) 5 (to boil); d) 7 (to French bread and rolls. And your mum makes your
steam); e) 6 (to roast); f) 2 (to deep-fry); sandwiches with wheat or rye bread. All these are kinds
g) 9 (to grill (= (AE))] h) 8 (to fry). of yeast bread.
Quick bread requires less preparation time before
В baking than yeast bread. It is raised by the use of
1. boiled meat; 2. medium/ rare/ underdone steaks; baking powder or some other substance that raises
3. overcooked/ overdone cutlets; 4. roast the chicken; dough. Quick bread includes corn bread, doughnuts,
5. grilled/ broiled meat; 6. steam meatballs; 7. fried muffins, and pancakes. Most quick bread is baked at
food; 8. deep-fried; 9. well-done; 10. done to a turn. home or in local bakeries and supermarkets.
Flat bread contains little or no yeast. Flat bread is
ш a major food in many parts of the world. Central
l.to crunch; 2 .to devour; 3.to have a sweet tooth; Americans eat various flat breads made from com or
4. to recover oneself; 5. to remove fat; 6. to plaster with wheat flour, called tortillas. People in the Far East
butter; 7. to slit in two parts; 8. to help oneself; 9. to make several types of flat bread from rice flour. In the
serve coffee; 10. an antifat rusk; 11. to eat gluttonously; Middle East, a flat bread called pita bread is made.
12. a hog; Here in Britain we eat lots of products made from grains.
13. a luncheon; 14. to stroll; 15. to drink at a gulp. My children prefer French-type rolls such as croissants
for their breakfast. Do you? For tea buns are often eaten,
m especially in winter. Otherwise butter, jam, honey, meat
l.to; 2 .by; 3.without; 4 .with; 5 .in; with; 6 .in; of; 7.at; or fish paste are spread on slices of white or brown bread.
8. for. I’m certain that different sweet foods made with flour

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are among your favourites. Just remember that large 7. Let it rise, put it in a very hot oven, and then start
cake which your mum cut or sliced at your birthday bringing the temperature down.
party! Personally I prefer small cakes, for one person, 8. Give it a tap, and if you get a sort of hollow sound
especially those with a strawberry on top. The many then the bread is ready.
different kinds of biscuit include chocolate, digestive 9. Tip it out of the tin.
biscuits, ginger nuts and custard creams. Water biscuits
or crackers are usually eaten with cheese. EH
Some confectionery is traditionally prepared for 1. cream; 2. add; beat; 3. combine; 4. stir; 5. pour;
a particular festival or celebration. Christmas pudding 6. bake; 7. cool; 8. poke; 9. mix; 10. spoon.
is eaten at Christmas. Pancakes are often served (as
a sweet course, with lemon and sugar) on Shrove ш
Tuesday, and hot buns are eaten on Good Friday. 1) Ukraine is famous for its bread. Stop by any baker’s
Special big cakes are prepared for weddings and and you’ll see a myriad of kinds of bread: white bread,
birthdays. Wedding cakes are usually elaborately iced rye bread, bread with bran. You can also buy rolls,
and decorated with two or more tiers; birthday cakes croissants, doughnuts and different buns for tea.
are also normally iced, with the person’s age shown by 2) Katie was on a diet, and of all breads she could only
the number of small candles stuck in the icing. eat stale rye bread. Sometimes for breakfast she had
And now, my dear children, after I’ve told you so a couple of crackers or rusks. And her younger sister
much about breads, I’ll ask you a few questions. Send Carol couldn’t help herself and always had a sponge
your answers to me, Aunt Polly of Primary School cake for dessert and tea with gingerbreads.
Radio. The first 10 correct answers will get a prize! 3) After dinner Mom put the leftover slices of bread
Question one: How many kinds o f grains I mentioned into the bread bin, cleaned breadcrumbs off the table,
in my talk can you name? and served tea with fruit pies, cookies and croissants.
Question two: What is the main food in many oriental 4) It’s very good for you to eat different cereals. A lot
countries? of people don’t like semolina that they probably ate too
Question three: What happens to most of the world’s much of in the childhood. But I personally try to have
grain, especially wheat? some boiled buckwheat, rice or oatmeal once a day,
Question four: How is bread made in industrial nations? mostly for breakfast. Today, in the shops you can buy
Question five: What are the three types of bread? What muesli with different fruit to which you add some hot
is the difference between them? milk or yoghurt and get yourselves a nourishing/ rich
Question six: Do you eat the same kinds of bread for breakfast.
breakfast and for tea as my children do, or do you eat 5) I believe that Italian pasta is the best in the world.
something different? Tell me about it! I know that there are many kinds of it but the most
Question seven: Which sweet foods made from flour do common are macaroni, noodles, spaghetti and vermicelli.
you like? Which do you rarely eat? Boil any kind of pasta in a lot of water, drain it in a
Question eight: Can you describe the birthday cake you colander, add some cheese and sauce. It’s very fast,
had last year? convenient, and the most important of all delicious.
I’m looking forward to you answers, my dear young
listeners, good-bye! ЕГП
l.f; 2.c; 3.a; 4.b; 5.d; 6.e.
m
1. Mix the yeast with sugar, add a little water or milk. ш
2. Leave it till it’s all bubbly, and about twice the 1. Try to cut down on beef, pork and mutton. It’s
volume that it was. better to consume boiled chicken, steamed chicken
3. Mix the yeast into the flour until you’ve got cutlets (rissoles), and stewed sea fish. You can also
something not very sticky. have different seafood once a week, shrimps are
4. Knead for five or ten minutes until you can feel it’s especially good for you.
really springy. 2. Everyone in my family is a vegetarian, and I can’t
5. Roll it up into a ball and leave it to double in size. live without meat. I think there’s nothing better than
6. Push it into the shape you want. a veal chop. I prefer well-done veal chops and some

50 A way to success
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others like their steak rare. When I have no time to
из
cook I buy frankfurters, chain sausages or ргкё. roll dough; scale fish, peanuts; whip cream, pastry;
3. Of all kinds of meat products I love poultry most: dice/ cube potatoes, vegetables, cheese, hard-boiled
chicken, duck or goose. I have read a lot about delicious eggs, chicken meat; scramble eggs; mince meat,
game dishes, but I’ve never tried one. Dishes made of chicken; stew meat, vegetables; beat eggs; squeeze
pheasant, grouse or partridge seem exotic to me. a lemon; knead dough; stuff chicken; crack nuts; steam
4. Once a week we go to a fish restaurant and have vegetables; chop vegetables; grind coffee beans; grate
dishes made of different kinds of fish and seafood cheese; peel potatoes; bone fish; mash potatoes.
there. My husband prefers river fish like carp, perch
and pike, and I like salmon and cod. Sometimes I buy Е1П
some fish and cook it at home, though I absolutely 1. buckwheat; 2. yeast; 3. parsley; 4. turkey; 5. strawberry;
can’t stand scaling it. 6. pineapple; 7. rusks; 8. spaghetti; 9. hen; 10. pepper.
5. Could you, please, stop by the store on your way
home and buy some lamb, goose liver, and some ham 3 4 B)
for breakfast? Buy some plaice for Granny as well, she l.j; 2.f; 3.a; 4.e; 5.i; 6.b; 7.c; 8.d; 9.h; lO.g.
asked for some fried fish.
6. You have to eat more dairy products. Have some 3 5 A)
kefir, milk or yoghurt every day. Dress your salads l.F; 2.T; 3.F; 4.T; 5.T; 6.F; 7.T; 8.F.
with Greek yoghurt instead of mayonnaise. Hard and TAPESCRIPT
cottage cheeses are very good for you too.
Cha-Cha-Cha
ЙЯ In Great Britain, the average person drinks more than
картопля — potato(es); морква — carrot(s); four cups of tea a day. Ireland is the only country that
томат — tomato(es); опрок — cucumber; drinks more.
буряк — beetroot; капуста — cabbage; лук — onion; In order to be successful, a drink has to contain
солодкий перець — sweet pepper; горох — peas; a stimulant, and tea contains more caffeine than
квасоля —French beans/ haricots; часник — garlic. coffee. Green tea has very small caffeine content.
Tea comes from an evergreen tropical bush of the
ВИ camellia family. It has stiff, shiny leaves and white,
1. a courgette/ a zucchini (AE)\ 2. an aubergine/ waxlike flowers. The top two leaves and the bud of the
an eggplant (AE)\ 3. a turnip; 4. dill; 5. cauliflower; third are all That is used in tea making. India is by far
6. parsley; 7. lettuce; 8. broccoli; 9. Brussels sprouts; the largest tea growing country.
10. a radish; 11. a pumpkin. The best of several legends about the origins of tea tells of
a Chinese saint who decided to devote the rest of his life
m to sleepless contemplation of the Buddha. To confirm his
яблуко — an apple; абрикос — an apricot; determination he cut off his eyelids and threw them away.
банан — a banana; грейпфрут — a grapefruit; The eyelids sprang up into plants, from whose leaves man
виноград — grapes; лимон — a lemon; манго — a could make a drink to fight tiredness.
mango; апельсин — Tea should always be kept in something that has no
an orange; диня — a melon; персик — a peach; smell, because it is very sensitive and takes up other
груша — a pear; слива — a plum; вишня — a cherry. odours. The container should also be dry, dark and
airtight; a tin is best. In these conditions, it will
m keep fresh for eighteen months. Tea bags originated
FRUITS: kiwi; persimmon; pineapple; pomegranate; when a tea merchant handed out samples of tea,
tangerine; watermelon. sewn into Uttle bags, to his clients. His clients liked
BERRIES: cranberries; currants (red, black); that way of brewing tea and asked for repeat orders.
gooseberries; strawberries; raspberries. Earl Grey was on a diplomatic mission to China, in
DRIED FRUIT: date; dried apricots; fig; prunes; the 1820s, when a mandarin told him the secret recipe
raisins, sultanas. of this delicious tea. It is a blend of China and Indian
NUTS: almond; coconut; hazelnut; peanut; walnut. teas sprinkled with the oil of a citrus fruit called

390
 Tapescripts and answer key section
bergamot. It is an excellent teatime drink, and very • Don’t forget that fresh turkey can be stored in the
good after dinner to clear the palate off the taste of coldest part of the fridge for 2 days at the most. Freeze
a sweet dessert. no longer than 2 months.
Many great figures have been passionate tea drinkers. • Cooked turkey should be consumed within 3 days
For example, the outstanding linguist Dr Johnson’s or frozen up to a month. It will retain moisture if you
kettle hardly had time to cool: “With tea he amused freeze it in chicken or turkey broth.
the evening, with tea solaced the midnight and with • Today you can buy a bird with a pop-up thermometer,
tea welcomed the morning.” which shows the temperature of the turkey inside and
English Breakfast Blend is one of the most popular indicates when it is completely cooked. Many birds have
speciality teas. A blend of Assam and Ceylon teas, it is been injected with butter or vegetable oil, so you will not
strong and fragrant. have to baste it while cooking.
The price of tea fluctuates when it is auctioned every And, finally, here comes the recipe.
Monday in the city of London by brokers acting for You will need:
the tea gardens. The main buyers are Brooke Bond, • 1 turkey (14 pounds)
Lipton’s, and some others. Then they blend it to the • 1 tablespoon salt
tastes with which the many people are familiar. Each • 1 teaspoon pepper
blend has its own colour, taste, smell and strength. • 4 medium onions, sliced
Indian tea gives strength, African tea colour and • 4 celery ribs, sliced
Ceylon tea flavour. Eighty per cent of tea drunk in • 2 medium carrots, sliced
Britain is blended. • 3 bay leaves
Tea tasters sample each consignment. Experienced • V2 cup butter or margarine, melted
tasters can distinguish a tea’s country of origin and • 3 teaspoons poultry herbs
geographical area. Moreover, they can compare a tea First of all, rub the surface of the turkey and sprinkle
in front of them with one they tasted a week ago. cavity with salt, pepper and herbs.
Next, in a large heavy roasting pan, place onions,
35 B) celery, carrots, bay leaves. Place the turkey, breast side
1. evergreen; 2. tiredness; 3. smell; 4. bags; 5. recipe; up, over vegetables.
6. kettle; 7. breakfast; 8. strength. Don't forget to sprinkle the butter over the turkey.
Remember: the general rule for roasting such a big
Ш bird as a turkey is: bake it about 25 minutes to
Borsch a pound. In our case, we’ll cover the bird loosely
I. a saucepan; 2 .potatoes; 3. cabbage; 4 .pearl barley; with foil and bake at 180eC for two and a half
5. beet; 6. carrot; 7. tomato; 8. leaves; 9. salt; 10. garlic; hours; then, remove foil and bake for one and
II. cream. a half or two hours longer, basting every 20 minutes.
Varenyky with plums and sour cherries Finally, cover again and let it stand for 20 minutes
1. roll; 2. cut; 3. pinch; 4 .bring; 5. drop; 6 .pour. before serving.

БЕИ1 ЕБИ1
l.A; 2.B; З.С; 4.C. l.F; 2.T; 3.T; 4.F; 5.F; 6.T; 7.F.

БЕПП 39 C)
1. turkey; 2. teaspoon; 3. sliced; 4. carrots; 5. margarine; I. a; 2.e; 3.c; 4.g; 5.h; 6.f; 7.b; 8.d; 9.i; lO.j;
6. sprinkle; 7. herbs; 8. roasting pan; 9.25 minutes; II. k.
10.180°C; 11. one and a half or two hours; 12. serving. TAPESCRIPT
TAPESCRIPT
If you ask anyone in Britain who enjoys a traditional
Here is what you should remember if you want your Christmas what they will be eating this Christmas Day,
Christmas bird to be perfect: most would say roast turkey, followed by Christmas
• When shopping, choose a bird with smooth, creamy, pudding with brandy sauce. I know this because
soft skin, avoiding turkeys with any torn skin. it’s what we have every year and I love it. When my

50 *
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 Tapescripts and answer key section
wife, who is Spanish, had her first Christmas dinner or the back of a large spoon level off the mixture
with my family several years ago, I was surprised so that you have an even surface. Grease a piece of
when she said she had never had Christmas pudding greaseproof paper and cover the bowl, and then with
before. Up until then, I wrongly believed everyone a piece of greased and pleated tin (aluminium) foil
ate it at Christmas. So for all those British — and my (to allow for expansion) place it over the greaseproof
American friends — let’s look at the traditions of the paper. Secure the layers to the bowl with a piece of
Christmas pudding and then I’ll give you a recipe so string. Steam the pudding for six hours and then let
that this year you can all try it. it cool. The pudding must then be stored in a damp
The Christmas pudding originated as porridge in the free place. To serve on Christmas Day, steam it again
14th century. It was made of beef, mutton, raisins, for three hours and then invert onto a serving plate.
currants, prunes, wine and mixed spices. It was eaten For adding excitement, douse the pudding with a little
as a fasting dish before the Christmas celebrations extra brandy and set alight. Then slice the pudding
began. In the 16th century, it becomes known as plum and serve in the dessert bowls with ice cream or more
pudding when spirits and dried fruit were added along traditionally, brandy, butter or warm brandy sauce.
with eggs to thicken it. If you have never had Christmas pudding, you will not
It was the Victorians we have to thank for the believe how good it tastes. For me, Christmas pudding
Christmas traditions we know today. There is a range is at the heart of a traditional Christmas. It really
of customs and traditions that surround the Christmas wouldn’t be the same without it. Try it, you won’t be
pudding. In the family, we add silver coins to the disappointed!
pudding for luck, and we all have a stir o f the pudding
and make a wish. Traditionally those who find the 03
coins are supposed to get the luck, and if they made Pudding is a national English dish eaten for dessert.
a wish, their wishes will come true. Here is the recipe You have certainly heard about the Plum Christmas
that was given to me by my mother. It is her traditional pudding. Do you want to learn to make a real
pudding recipe that my family enjoys every year, so pudding? We suggest three different recipes of
you are all really blessed. So you’ll need: puddings.
5 oz of wholewheat breadcrumbs Potato Pudding. Mix boiled potatoes with butter, eggs,
4 oz of plain flour milk, wine, lemon juice, sugar, salt, and Finely grated
4 oz raisins lemon peel. Put the mixture into a greased bowl and
4 oz currants bake in the oven for 30 to 40 minutes. When serving,
2l/ 2 o z glazed cherries sprinkle with Finely chopped almonds.
4 oz brown sugar Pasta Pudding. Cook pasta in milk (about 500 ml).
1 apple peeled, chopped and grated Add sugar, 250 ml milk, well beaten eggs and salt. Mix
1V2 oz blanched almonds, chopped carefully. Spread the mixture in a greased ovenproof
a pinch of nutmeg bowl Bake in the oven for 30 minutes.
2 beaten eggs Chocolate Pudding. Mix the cocoa powder with dried
7 fl oz brown ale and Finely ground breadcrumbs. Pour in milk and
2 fl oz of brandy cream. Stir well and set aside for 10 minutes. Cream
Place all the ingredients in a large mixing bowl and butter with 20g sugar. Add egg yolks, wheat flour,
mix. I would like to give you a bit of advice. Nowadays baking soda, the cocoa and breadcrumbs mixture,
my mother keeps the tradition alive and adds ten pence chopped almonds, cognac, and egg whites beaten with
pieces (Americans could use quarters). If you do decide sugar. Mix everything well. Pour the mixture into
to follow this tradition, ensure you warn people what a greased ovenproof bowl. Steam for about an hour.
to expect as you wouldn’t want anyone to accidentally
swallow a coin! In our family, my mother now puts the
coins in the dessert bowls before serving so everyone 1. nobody; 2. described; 3.justiFied; 4. changing;
has a bit of luck, and so we all see the coins so none of 5. cooking; 6. abroad; 7. dishes; 8. countries; 9. provide;
us swallows them. 10. overdone; 11. complaints; 12. boil; 13. water;
Take a large (2 pints) ovenproof bowl and grease it, and 14. vegetables; 15.unfair; 16.anything; 17.beef; 18.steak;
then add all the mixed ingredients. Using a spatula 19.jelly; 20. visitor.

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4 5 A)
Greedy people prefer tasteless (bland) food. The
l.e; 2.i; 3.d; 4.a; 5.f; 6.c; 7.b; 8.g; 9.h; lO.k; ll.j. selfish prefer something sour. People inclined to self-
sacrifice and romantic ones can’t resist sweets and
ПЯ confectionery. Passion for salty delicacies is typical not
• as cool as a cucumber only of pregnant women, but of creative, hard-working
• as red as a beetroot and passionate people as well.
• as warm as a toast The famous dietitian G. Wilson writes about
• as flat as a pancake “emotional food”. When we are simply happy and
• as keen as mustard satisfied with our life, we long for sweet things.
• as different as chalk and cheese When we are mad, we prefer cold starters. Loneliness
• to sell like hot cakes increases our body’s need of liquids like soups, juices,
• to be packed like sardines milk. When we are overwhelmed with troubles and
fears, we subconsciously dig in (= stuff ourselves with)
ES something hard, cold but sweet. At such moments
Tell Me What You Eat and Ш Tell You Who You Are. chocolate is beyond comparison (is streets ahead of
Can you tell a person’s character at the table? Research anything else; ...beats everything).
done by foreign psychologists has shown that it is
possible.
An expert of the Japanese natural dieting association Unit 14. SO MANY COUNTRIES, SO MANY
Mr Kuriyama classifies six groups of people according CUSTOMS
to their favourite dishes (their preferences in food).
People who like stewed carrots and other vegetables are H
most often eager learners, and ambitious, but in everyday
life they are quiet and don’t really care about their health. l.to ask diffidently; 2. to show gratification; 3.a
Meat-eaters, juicy steak lovers, are impulsive and often silver tankard; 4. to see one’s long face; 5. to settle
succeed in life, but there are just as many ups as downs an old score with; 6. to put a spoke in one’s wheel;
in their life, (there are just as many rises as there are 7. to deserve a treat; 8. to feel like a spirit in heaven;
falls...) 9. to catch a glimpse of smb.
People who love fruit are very emotional. They are
into creative jobs, attentive to others, and make friends m
easily. You like apples? So, you are a diligent person, 1. picnic site; 2. a snack-bar, a mobile canteen;
but a bit old-fashioned. And a person who likes 3. a restaurant; 4. a bar; 5. a station buffet;
strawberries is fond of beautiful things. 6. a fast-food restaurant.
“Fish souls” are noted for being calm and stable,
they are respected, but a little cold in human 11 A)
relationships. You can definitely rely on such 1. theme; 2. hamburgers; 3. sandwiches; 4. relaxed;
a person in family Ufe. 5. customers; 6. preserved; 7. cuisine; 8. vegetarian;
It is hot spices that are fancied by vigorous 9. clientele; 10. tablecloths; 11. menu; 12. eating out.
(= energetic), adventurous people who like taking
risks and travelling. They are selfish and can’t stand 1 2 A)
objections. a grocery store
People who are fond of fatty foods often reach the top a candy counter
of the career ladder. They are open-hearted, charming fast food chains
and like flirting. a sandwich shop
A Norwegian scientist Olaf Lindstrem studies the a deli
influence that vegetables have on the human nature. a cafeteria
According to the professor, lettuce develops musical a coffee shop
talents, leek develops logical thinking, and carrots and a fine restaurant
spinach cause melancholy (= spleen), and potatoes a pizza place
have a soothing effect. a pancake house

393
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a family restaurants expensive restaurants, you pay your check at the cash
a bar register on your way out.
TAPESCRIPT
m
Eating Out in the USA
S tarters M ain Courses Desserts
American restaurants are in many ways similar to
pine-apple and shrim p chicken Kyiv; vanilla ice-cream;
those in Britain. If you’re in a hurry, you may just salad; steak and chips; apple crumble and
cabbage soup; shepherd’s pie; custard;
want to grab some “junk food” at a candy counter, or
prawn cocktail; fish and chips; raspberry jelly;
you may get a bite to eat at one of the many fast food asparagus salad kidney pie; chocolate gateau.
seasoned with roast beef with steamed
chains, like McDonald’s, Pizza Hut, Burger King,
mayonnaise. vegetables.
Kentucky Fried Chicken, or Taco Time. Or you can
get a sandwich “to stay” or “to go” from a sandwich
1 8 A)
shop or deli. Some of these places have tables, but
many don’t. People eat in their cars or take their food l.d; 2.c; 3.e; 4.b; 5.a.
home, to their offices or to parks.
If you prefer a relaxed sitting down but still don’t want ШПП
to spend much, you can try a cafeteria. Here you pay l.f; 2.h; 3.b; 4.g; 5.a; 6.d; 7.c; 8.e.
at a cash register before you sit down, and you don’t
have to tip anybody — but you usually have to clear m
the table when you finish! l.T; 2.F; 3.F; 4.T; 5.F; 6.F; 7.T; 8.T.
Coffee shops are usually less expensive and formal than TAPESCRIPT
fine restaurants. So are pizza places, pancake houses,
sandwich shops and family restaurants. Good evening, ladies and gentlemen! Tonight we have
Many restaurants don’t serve alcoholic drinks for a very special guest in our studio. A top chef, Anthony
people to feel comfortable and bring their children. Bourdain, will take us behind the kitchen doors for
You may be asked to show some ID that proves your a look we won’t forget.
age before you go into a bar. In some restaurants you I: Anthony, having worked as a chef for a long time
can bring your own wine. and having been in restaurants on a daily basis, you
In the US people would rather wait for a table than sit must have developed perfect eating habits. Could you
with people they don’t know. share some general principles that we should know of?
If you are sitting at a table with strangers, it is impolite A: Well, you are surely right about my job. It did make
to light up a cigarette without first asking if it will me change my eating habits, and today I choose to live
disturb them. by some definite do’s and don’ts. In general, good food
At American restaurants, cafes and coffee shops you and good eating are always risky. Every once in a while
are usually served tap water before you order. You an oyster, for instance, will make you sick. Does this
may find the bread and butter is free, and if you order mean you should stop eating oysters? No way! But you
coffee, you may get a free refill. should be more careful next time you choose a place to
Servings in restaurants are often large — too large for eat out because that’s where it all begins.
many people. If you can’t finish your meal but would I: It’s hard to disagree with you on that but what
like to enjoy the food later, ask your waitress or waiter should we watch out for?
for a “doggie bag”. There may be a picture of a dog A: When you see a restaurant that’s clean, with well-
on it, but everybody knows you’re taking the food for groomed waiters and a busy dining room, and if
yourself. everyone seems to actually care about what they are
In some restaurants, a check is brought on a plate and doing, then chances are you are in for a good meal.
you put your money there. Then the waiter or waitress But say the owner, chef and a bored-looking waiter
brings you your change. In some restaurants you can are sitting at a front table chatting about soccer scores.
pay with a credit card, including the tip. Tips are not Bad signs.
usually added to the check or included in the price Never eat in a restaurant with filthy bathrooms. If their
of the meal. A tip of about 15% is expected, and you floors are dirty it means their refrigerators and work
should leave it on the table when you leave. In less spaces aren’t much better.

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 Tapescripts and answer key section
Your waiter looks like he just woke up from under a I: OK. Thanks a lot for your advice. I’m sure our
bridge? If management allows him to stand in front of viewers will keep in mind everything you said and will
you looking like that, who knows what they are doing be a lot wiser when eating out.
to your shrimp?! A: And one more “exclusive” tip for your viewers:
I: OK. Let’s say we have chosen a nice clean two- or look at your waiter’s face. He knows. It’s a good
three-star place, have been seated comfortably by the reason to be polite to your waiter: he could save your
head waiter and are now looking at the menu. Any life — or at least your night — with a raised eyebrow
hints on how to choose the right dishes? or a sigh...
A: Rule # 1: be always careful with fish and seafood!
Chinese and Japanese eateries often advertise Е7П
DISCOUNT SUSHI. You can as well read this sign cutlery — knives, forks, and spoons that you use for
as CHEAP SUSHI or OLD SUSHI. Doesn’t sound so eating and serving food;
tempting any more, does it? chopsticks — two thin sticks that you use to eat food in
Rule #2: skip the fish on Monday. Unless you are many countries in Asia;
dining at a four or five-star restaurant. You can’t to wait the tables — to work in a restaurant serving
imagine how old a lot of seafood is on Monday — food and drink to people at their tables;
about four or five days from the time it was purchased! spicy — food that is spicy has a pleasantly strong
I: And why is that, I wonder? taste, and gives you a pleasant burning feeling in your
A: I’ll tell you the truth. This is how it works: most mouth;
chefs order their fish on Thursday night. They usually shrimps — small sea creatures that you can eat, which
order a big amount of it too as the market is closed have ten legs and a soft shell;
Friday night and they are not going to get another clay pot — a pot made of clay;
delivery until Monday morning. They hope to sell the herb m ixture — a mixture of plants that is used to
bulk of that fish on Friday and Saturday nights, of improve the taste of food;
course. Now, guess what is done with whatever is left side dish — a small amount of food such as a vegetable
over from the weekend? It is used up on Monday. If that you eat with a main meal.
a piece of fish still smells okay on Monday night, you
may be eating it. иа
I: I see now. And what day should we make the day for 1.
eating out, then?
A: Tuesday. The food that comes in on Tuesday is — Have you decided, sir?
fresh, and the chef is well rested after a Sunday or — Not quite. What’s speedy risotto?
a Monday off. It’s the real start of the week, the chefs — It’s white meat — boneless chicken thighs —
got his best products coming in and he’s had a couple skinned and sliced into stripes and stewed with rice,
of days to think of creative things to do with it. He chopped onion, tomatoes, mushrooms, garlic, prawns,
wants you to be happy on Tuesdays. peas and seasoned with paprika, parsley, salt and
I: Now, let’s talk about bread. I heard that the reuse of pepper. It’s really delicious.
bread is a common practice. Is that true? — It sounds good, all right. I’ll take your word for it
A: Well, I know that some restaurants strictly instruct and try some.
their bus boys (bus boy — полпчник офоданта, який — All right, one speedy risotto.
прибирав брудний посуд 3i столу у рестораш) 2.
to throw out all that unused bread — which by my
calculations is about 50 percent. But when it’s busy and — May I take your order?
the bus boy is crumbing tables, refilling water glasses, — I think so ... What is the warm lamb salad like?
making espresso and cappuccino, hustling dirty dishes to — Grilled lamb steaks cut into thick slices and mixed
the dishwasher — and he sees a basket full of untouched with leeks, cabbage, beansprouts and walnuts seasoned
bread — most times he’s going to use it. This doesn’t with orange juice, mustard. The salad is served warm.
bother me and shouldn’t surprise you. Always eat the Would you like to try some?
bread, it is the one and only thing in places where people — No, thank you. I’ll just have the beefsteak,
eat out that will never make you sick. medium-rare, please.

395
 Tapescripts and answer key section
3. 9. If you get a foreign object in your mouth remove it
— Are you ready for dessert? with your Fingers and place it at the edge of your plate
— Yes, I believe so. What’s your Black Forest cake 10. When you have Finished eating, place your fork and
like? knife parallel diagonally across your plate and don’t
— It’s a very rich chocolate cake, and comes with push your plate away from you.
whipped cream and cherries on top and between the
layers. m
— Oh, yes, that sounds delicious. • splash (a piece of something dropped into your soup)
— Can I bring you a piece? • rattle (of glasses if you beat your leg against the leg
4. of the table)
• grate (a knife and a fork being scraped together)
— What would you like, sir? • bang (your bag that was on your knees fell down)
— A lager, please. • whistle (calling a waiter)
— Would you like bottled lager or draught? • choking (eating hurriedly)
— What’s draught?
— Oh, that just means it’s out of the barrel. It’s very EH
good, I can assure you. l.K; 2.D, H; 3.A; 4.J; 5.1; 6.E; 7.B; 8.F; 9.C; 10.G.
— O.K. I’ll try some of that, then. And two cold lamb
sandwiches. ЕТП
1. A lot of new restaurants offering traditional dishes
of different countries have recently opened in our
m city. Personally I like Japanese cuisine which is rich
1. napkin; 2. plate; 3. bread and butter plate; 4. juice in (OR: ...which widely uses) seafood and vegetables.
glass; 5. wine glass; 6. cup and saucer; 7. fork for I often take my friends to my favourite cafe in the
the main course; 8. knife for the main course; 9. butter centre of the city. We always order vegetable starters (=
knife; 10.fork for entree; 11.teaspoon; 12.spoonfor appetizers/ hors-d’oeuvres/ entrees) and sushi.
soup. 2. Traditional English pubs offer their visitors a lot of
sorts of beer. There, you can also socialise (= hang out)
EH with friends, listen to some music. Nowadays in most
1. Place personal items, such as purses and glasses on pubs, you can also have something to eat, order salads
the table. A small purse belongs on the lap and large and even hot meals. I never have more than one pint of
purses and briefcases near your feet. beer.
2. When drinking, look into ... not over, your cup or 3. There are a few fast-food restaurants, a sandwich
glass. shop and a tea room near our University. However,
3. Pasta that is six inches or longer should be twirled we prefer the pizza place which is 15 minutes away,
with a fork and spoon. Otherwise you just use a fork. because the service is better there, the prices are a
4. Don’t smoke before or during a meal. If you are lot lower, and the pizza they serve is always fresh and
seated in a smoking section light up only after dessert good.
is finished. In private homes and businesses, the 4. We were looking for a restaurant which would serve
absence of ashtrays means no smoking. traditional Ukrainian dishes as our friends wanted to
5. Don’t blow on food that is hot. Wait until it cools. try borshch and meat stewed with mushrooms and
Eat soup from the side of the bowl First, where it cools served in a clay pot. But prices in restaurants were
the fastest. exorbitant (= extremely high), so we decided to make
6. Stroke the knife toward you while cutting meat. dinner at home (Or: ...to opt for a home-made meal).
Never saw back and forth. 5. In any big modern city there is a fast-food chain.
7. Eating chicken, First cut off as much as you can and On the one hand the customers can have something
then when you can’t use knife and fork any more, use to eat fast and for a reasonable price. But on the other
your Fingers. hand, all these restaurants sell junk food. These are
8. Don’t bite into the whole slice (of bread); break it self-service restaurants. There are no waiters there. The
off piece by piece. customer gets his/ her food at a cash register or picks

396
 Tapescripts and answer key section —

the food up him / herself and pays at a cash register. Ш

ё 1 а s s w а г G
You can get a takeout at such places. F
6. —- Hello! We have a reservation for two. (OR: We 2 f i s h Ш О п ё G г' S

booked a table for two for today.) 3 ё г g G n ё г О с G г' S

— Hello! Follow me, please. Is this table by the 4 h а Г d w а Г G

window OK? 5 ё Г о c G г' S

— Yes, thank you. 6 n 6 w s а ё G П t' S

(A waiter approaches.) 7 b 0 0 к s h о Р
— Here are the menus. Are you ready to order? 8 b u t с h 6 г‘ S
— Yes, we are. 0 b а c с о n i S t' S
M *
— What would you like to start with? 10 s u f G г т а г к G t
— I think we’ll start with hors d’oevres. We’ll take a s
11 f 0 г t S W G а г
shrimp cocktail, a potato salad and some jellied beef
|l 2 0 f f - 1 i c G п с G
tongue.
13 c О n f G с t i О п с г' S
— And what about the main course? Our specialty for
14 d г 11 S s t О г G
today is roast beef potatoes country-style.
— OK, that’s what I’ll take, and my wife prefers Fish.
What could you suggest? EQ
— How about grilled Fish? a) to overcharge — to charge someone too much
— That’s Fine. As for the drinks, we’ll have a glass of money for smth;
white and a glass of red wine. to undercharge — to charge too little or less than the
— What would you like for dessert? correct amount of money for smth;
— No dessert, thanks. Just two coffees. Black, please. b) a shopkeeper — someone who owns or is in charge
7. Welcome to our restaurant! This is an exclusive of a small shop;
stylish restaurant with a varied/ diverse menu. a shop assistant (= sales clerk (AE)) — someone whose
You can enjoy classical European cuisine or exotic job is to help customers in a shop;
oriental one. We offer an enormous variety of c) shopping — the activity of going to shops and buying
appetizers, main courses, exquisite desserts. You’ll things;
be able to find wines from all European and even window-shopping — the activity of looking at goods in
Latin American countries on our wine list. (OR: shop windows without intending to buy them;
on our wine list only will you be able to find ....) d) a wholesaler — a person or company who sells goods
You will find nice live music, modern interior, soft wholesale;
lighting and first-class service here. We expect you a retailer — a person or business that sells goods to
from morning till the last customer. customers in a shop;
e) a supermarket — a very large shop that sells food,
drinks, and things that people need regularly in their
Unit 15. SHALL WE SHOP TILL WE DROP? homes;
a department store — a large shop that is divided into
□ separate departments, each selling a different type of
1. consumer; 2. to scatter; 3. appealing; 4. shopping list; goods;
5. a cart; 6. an electronic pricing scanner; 7. downtown; 0 a counter — the place where you pay or are served
8. the price tag; 9. to charge; 10. revenue; 11. a sales tax. in a shop, bank, restaurant etc.;
a cash desk — the desk in a shop where you pay.
в 12 B)
l.DS; 2.SM; 3.SC; 4.DS; 5.0M ; 6.SM; 7.DS,SC;
8.0M; 9.DS.SC; Ю.ОМ; ll.S M . • Acknowledging an opinion before disagreeing: “That's
a good point but... "That's true but I don't really agree
ШЛ with that."; “Ise e what you mean but..."; “Well, maybe,
a)5; b)l; c)9; d)8; e)7; 03; g)12; h)10; i)6; j)13; k)4; 1)2; but don ft you think..."; “Yeah, but still..."
m )ll. • Disagreeing: "No, no"

397
 Tapescripts and answer key section
• Agreeing: "Oh, yeah!”; “Oh, yeah! I do agree they...” not the punching of a few keys and the exchange of a
• Asking for opinion: ''Don’t you think i t ’s too easy?!” credit-card number. Where’s the personal touch on the
TAPESCRIPT
Internet? In real shops you can have a pleasant time.
Didn’t you have a nice time in that bike shop?
Alice: Hello, Tom, you look so happy! What have you Tom: Yeah, I did, and the owner was very helpful, but
been doing? still...
Тот: I finally managed to find what I’d been looking
for for so long. EB
Alice: Ah! Christmas shopping is always exciting, isn’t cash — money in coins or notes;
it? Don’t you love cruising the shops trying to find the a fine — money paid as punishment for breaking a law
right thing for everyone in the family? What were you or a rule;
looking for? wealth — great amount of money and other riches;
Tom: My brother has been dreaming about a bicycle­ change — money difference between the price of smth
touring trailer, and I’m so relieved to have finally and the sum you actually paid;
found it. Can you imagine? I bought it at our local currency — money that is in official use in a country;
bike shop. tax — money to be paid by people or businesses to
Alice: Well, why are you surprised? It’s the only bike a government for public purposes;
shop in town and it has been in business for some a fee — amount of money paid for joining a club,
20 years. Why hadn’t you checked it in the first place? organisation, etc.;
Where have you been looking for the trailer? fare — money charged for a journey by bus, ship, taxi,
Tom: I’ve been all over the Internet. I’ve been doing all etc.
my Christmas shopping that way. This bike shop is the l.cash; 2 .fare; 3. change; 4 .wealth; 5.fine; 6 .fee; 7.tax;
first store I’ve set foot in all season. 8. currency.
Alice: You know, you sound so proud o f yourself, and
as if you hate real shopping. RISl
Tom: Oh, I don’t know. I don’t hate shopping as 1. paper money; 2. big money; 3. taxpayers’ money;
such. In fact, I don’t mind buying food and clothes. 4. pocket money; 5. prize money; 6. spending money;
What I could never stand was shopping just before 7. easy money.
Christmas. Don’t you think the crowds are terrible?
Alice: Oh, yeah! I do agree they are especially terrible ш
in big department stores. That’s a good point but what l.out; 2 .around; 3.in; 4 .from, in; 5 .on; 6 .for; 7.in;
I like and what you don’t see much of these days are 8 .in, by; 9.under; lO.at; 11.at.
those little shops, where you get a sort of personal
service, where people say “Thank you” and “You are ЕЯ
welcome”, and where the owner can offer you to carry l.cost; 2. lend, pay back; 3.borrowed; 4. exchange;
your purchases out to the car... 5. refund; 6. sell; 7. buy, spend, waste.
Tom: That’s true but I don’t really agree with that.
They are small, and it always takes forever to pay by ЕЯ
credit card. No, no — come on, the Internet is the l.a five-pound note; 2 .a ten-cent coin; 3.cash;
best thing. You’ve got the whole range of everything in 4. to pay by cheque; 5. fare; 6. a heavy fine;
the world you can possibly imagine. And, besides, you 7. to introduce the single currency; 8. income tax;
must admit that the prices are lower. 9. to lend/ to borrow money; 10. easy money; 11. to have
Alice: Yeah, yeah. I see what you mean but... money on oneself; 12. to buy goods at a discount;
Tom (interrupting): There’s no hurry. You go on-line in 13. to cost a fortune; 14. to refund the full cost of the
your spare time, any time of day, you choose whatever purchase; 15. to waste money.
you like, punch in the number of your credit card and
then it arrives at your doorstep. It’s all so easy. m
Alice: Well, maybe, but don’t you think it’s too easy?! 5) payday — the day on which you get your wages;
This way you’ll soon never leave your home, you’ll a three-for-two offer — an offer to buy two things for
never meet anybody! Good retail business is a dialogue, the price of one;

398
 Tapescripts and answer key section
a clearout sale — a sale during which the store wants Alex made me set myself a weekly budget, and told me
to get rid of all its present stock; I could only visit a cash point once a week instead of
to set a fairly tight budget — to limit somebody’s budget; two or three times a day as I had been doing.
to blow all our savings in one go — to spend all the I also promised to save 10 per cent of my wages every
money at one attempt; month to pay my mum back.
to be hard up — if you are hard up, you do not have At first it was hard but as the weeks passed I slowly got
much money. used to it, until it became almost second nature.
Eighteen months on, I’ve paid back every penny to
TAPESCRIPT
my parents. And although I now have less money than
Put an End to Spend Spend Spend ever, at least I have a good excuse — I’m at college
Staring at the cashpoint screen, I paused over the £50 preparing to go to university.
key, then pressed the £200 instead. I’d only been paid I’ve two part-time jobs to cover my rent but my income
two days before and had already spent most of my is still half what it was before. Occasionally when I walk
£800 monthly wage. past a shop I am tempted to go back to my old ways. But
Working in a bank I liked to think I was good with these days I limit myself to the odd treat — and blowing
cash. I was certainly good at spending it. Payday was £200 in one go is certainly a thing of the past.
my favourite day.
I went shopping. In the chemist’s there was a three-for-
two offer on shampoo. It was an expensive brand but I 2 7 A)
reckoned it was too good an offer to miss. So I bought aware of her awful clothing; was painfully aware of the
three bottles, along with lipsticks and moisturizers and women around her; wanted to crawl in a hole; the more
bottles of bubble bath. I was a sucker for a special offer. she saw, the worse she felt; to her horrified amazement;
I spent just under £50, but I wasn’t worried, it was came out of her trance; revolving doors puzzled her;
an investment, and I wouldn’t have to buy any more knowing full well that she failed on every count.
for ages. I continued shopping, adding a pair of shoes
from a new collection at “Clark’s” and a top from 2 7 B)
“Marks & Spencer’s” for only £19.99 — there was so fantastically well-groomed; fairy; perfectly trimmed
a clearout sale on summer clothes there. and polished; clothes were nothing less than divine;
Back home I was pleased with my wares but as stood still for a moment, dazzled.
I emptied my purse my good spirits melted away. After
rent and bills, I had £15 left for the rest of the month. 2 7 D)
What was I going to do? I went round to Mum’s and a) drawback — a disadvantage of something, that
asked if I could borrow £20. makes it seem less attractive;
“Not again,” she signed. b) to get the hang of something — to learn how to do
I was always borrowing money from Mum, but I never smth or use smth;
managed to pay it back. Sometimes I was so hard c) to be dazzled — not to be able to see properly for a
up I even had to move back home for a week or two. short time; to feel strong admiration for smth exciting
I knew I couldn’t go on like this but I didn’t know how or unusual, to be impressed;
to stop. Then Mum rang me: “Nicola, I’ve decided it’s d) to have an eye for something — to be good at
about time you learnt to deal with your cash,” she said. noticing a particular type of thing, especially smth
“But how?” I asked. attractive, valuable, of good quality;
Mum explained she had seen a programme on television e) to fail on every count — to be worse in all aspects;
called Your Money or Your Life. The presenter, 0 to be at ease — to feel relaxed, especially in
financial expert Alex Hill, helped people to reorganize a situation in which people might feel a little nervous;
their finances so they didn’t spend so much. Mum had g) to be up to a standard — to be good enough to reach
contacted him and asked if he could help me. a standard;
I went to see Alex. He asked me about my spending habits h) to be puzzled — to be confused and unable to
and, crucially, why I enjoyed shopping so much. “Buying understand something;
things helps me forget about my problems,” I said. Even as I i) heaven come to earth — an extremely enjoyable
said the words I realized how stupid they sounded. situation or place.

399
 Tapescripts and answer key section
2 7 E)
packaging on the shelves, and constantly changing
1. to get the hang of; 2. puzzled; 3. dazzled; 4. heaven range of fashionable clothes and shoes. Customers
come to earth; 5. dazzled; 6. (was) up to (her usual) are constantly faced with the same problem — how
standard; 7. to get the hang of; 8. have a good eye for. to choose the necessary product of better quality and
how not to not waste money and manage on (get by
on) a certain sum of it. We can find plenty of advice
• Bag of potatoes, apples given by psychologists and economists as for how to
• Box of matches, chocolates be a reasonable customer in different magazines and
• Tub of ice-cream, cottage-cheese newspapers. Here is some: go around a few shops
• Packet of biscuits, cigarettes in your neighbourhood to compare the prices on the
• Can/ bottle of coca cola, beer products you need; make a shopping list of what you
• Carton of milk, fruit juice need to buy; don’t go shopping for food when you are
• Jar of instant coffee, jam hungry — you take the risk of buying more than you
• Tin of beans, sardines need; make “big” purchases during sales; don’t forget
• Barrel of wine, cognac that you can buy many things cheaper at the market.
• Case of jewellery, spectacles 2. Every Wednesday, Susan went to the supermarket to
• Tube of ointment, toothpaste do all the necessary shopping for the week. It was more
• Sachet of shampoo, tomato sauce convenient than going to small shops because all the
necessary products were packaged and gathered in one
FEI31 place, and she rarely had to stand in a long line, (she
1. a plastic bag of oranges — convenient to carry; rarely had to queue). Besides, she had a discount card,
2. a jar of honey — to prevent from being dried; which allowed her to save a considerable sum of money
3. a box of cigars — to keep the contents together and in a year. She always had her shopping list (puchase list),
prevent from moisture; but she sometimes allowed herself to buy a small thing
4. a tin of pate — to prevent the air from penetrating or an issue of a women’s magazine. She would push her
inside; cart moving along the shelves with various products,
5. a bottle of perfume — to prevent from losing smell; would look at the price tags and gradually fill the cart
6. a case for pencils — to keep the contents together up. Having reached the cashiers (the checkout/ the cash
and prevent them from being broken; desk), she would pay, get her receipt and go home.
7. a carton of milk — to give the ingredients and the 3. I can’t say that I’m a kind of person who likes going
expiry date; shopping, but sometimes I go to a department store or
8. a tube of face cream — to give the ingredients, the a mall. It’s real heaven come to earth for the shoppers!
expiry date and instructions for use; You can find everything you need and even more in
9. a barrel of wine — to keep for a certain period of numerous departments. You’ll buy a bottle of perfume
time before bottling; or toilet water at the perfumery department, you can
10. a tub of margarine — to protect from the sun-light get a set of wine glasses or a tea set at the glassware
and to prevent from melting. department, you’ll be offered T-shirts, running shoes,
and tracksuits at the sportswear department, and at
ЕТП the souvenirs department you can buy nice presents
1. parsley, grapes, flowers; 2. soap, chocolate; 3.beef; for your relatives and friends: statuettes, candlesticks,
4. eggs; 5. thread; 6. wall-paper; 7.gloves; 8.books; 9. CDs. vases and many other little things. In the departments
of ready-made clothes, you can choose any clothes
m starting with a fur coat and to the underwear. If you
l.D (box); 2. В (packet); 3.A (bar); 4. D (tube); don’t have enough cash on you, you can get some
5 . D (bottle); 6. В (packet); 7.C (jar); 8.D (tub). with your credit card from a cashpoint (cashmachine/
cashdispencer/ ATM) located right there.
ЕЯ 4. Before Christmas I decided to buy some small
1. In our days shopping has become a true challenge presents for all members of my family. I bought a
for many people. Consumers are influenced by pair of mittens and a muffler for my granny at the
advertising, the huge choice of goods in bright knitted wear shop. At the department store I bought a

400
 Tapescripts and answer key section —

pair of warm slippers for my grandad and a stylish tie a shaving brush to spread soap or shaving cream over
for my dad. At the music department, I found a CD the face when a person shaves; scissors to cut hair;
for my elder brother with a concert of his favourite shaving cream to put on the face before shaving; after­
group. I have chosen a silver chain for my little sister shave lotion to put on the face after shaving;
at the silverware department. My mom likes making a pedicurist (a manicurist): cuticle stick to remove
clothes, so I bought some fabric for a blouse for her cuticles; scissors to cut nails; a bottle of polish to paint
at the textiles shop, and thread and buttons at the on nails to make them look attractive; nail file to make
haberdashery department. As for myself, I decided to nails a nice shape;
buy a dictionary of contemporary English I had been a hairdresser: a hairbrush, a comb to make hair
dreaming of for so long. smooth; a curling iron to put curls in hair;
5. An average shopper in modern society goes to scissors to cut hair; an electric hairdryer to blow out
different shops from time to time to supply his or hot air for drying hair.
her family with all the necessary products. But there
are people who, besides ordinary shops, like going ЕИ
to boutiques, where you can buy exclusive expensive l.d; 2.h; 3.b; 4.i; 5.a; 6.c; 7.e; 8.f; 9.g.
clothes, and to antique shops to find old things. There
have recently appeared new ways to do shopping: you Ш
can choose goods through a computer net or from a a)F; b)T; c)F; d)F; e)T; f)F; g)T; h)F; i)T; j)T.
catalogue, and then order them by post or telephone. TAPESCRIPT
Some companies will deliver your purchases to your
home free of charge. There are special TV programs We are today at the Balyuk Atelier in Kiev, a unique
that will allow you to choose and order whatever you Ukrainian enterprise that creates noble beauties. When
like. You can pay for all your purchases by cheque, you try on their article of clothing you get a lump in
cash or a credit card. your throat — it’s so beautiful. Oksana Balyuk, the
owner of the atelier has agreed to answer some of our
questions.
Unit 16. AT YOUR SERVICE Interviewer: Oksana, what makes the clothes that you
design so unique?
□ Oksana Balyuk: Well, our articles of clothing are
l.wig; 2. to bleach; 3. depilatory; 4. crop; 5. ringlet; 6 .to handcrafted including cutting, sewing, beadwork,
dress one’s hair; 7. to braid; 8. curling-irons/ tongs. embroidery and art dyeing of designs on fabric.
I: Really? And who are your employees? Are they
m professional tailors?
l.a; 2.k; 3.c; 4.b; 5.e; 6.g; 7.1; 8.f; 9.j; lO.i; ll.d; 12.m; O.B.: Oh, no. You’ll probably be surprised, but the
13.h; 14.n. specialists of our atelier are professional painters who
have studied traditions of art dyeing of designs on fabric
в in India for five years. Moreover, the master painters
l.mud pack; 2 .creams; 3 .facial; 4 .tweezers; developed their own technology of this art, which is
5. foundation; 6. blusher; 7. powder; 8. eyeliner; unknown to India and perhaps the world as a whole.
9. mascara; 10. false eyelashes; 11. pencil; 12. lipstick. Besides, we can make a copy of any famous paintings
on fabric, achieving incredible durability of the work.
□ Thanks to this technology, we offer clients the things that
l.d; 2.f; 3.b; 4.e; 5.c; 6.a. nobody else can make in the whole world.
I: The number of staff members is not large, only
ВИ1 twelve persons. How do you manage?
a beautician: mudpack to improve smb’s skin; mascara 0 ,B .: You have to take into account the fact that our
to colour eyelashes and make them look thicker; atelier is equipped with modern facilities and software.
tweezers to pluck eyebrows; We not only sew garments, but also work on creative
a barber: an electric razor; a safety razor; a straight- complex ideas. We want to satisfy our clients. We
edged razor to remove hair from the skin; produce small series of products up to several hundreds

51 Away to success
401
 Tapescripts and answer key section
of pieces. But we also make exclusive articles of How clothes are dry cleaned. Workers begin the
clothing that you will not see elsewhere. process by sorting the clothes according to color
I: You mostly focus on clothing, don’t you? and type of fabric. Workers in a spotting department
O.B.: No, along with creating collections o f clothing then prespot garments by brushing or spraying stains
we offer trimmings, accessories (neckties, scarves, and spots with special chemicals. These chemicals
shawls and bags). We can do quality, computer-aided loosen or remove spots that might otherwise become
embroidery of logos. We have successfully completed permanent later in the process.
several orders submitted by the Moscow patriarchate Other workers then put the clothes into a large
and the Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra. We’ve worked for many machine that resembles a washing machine used in the
foreign clients and diplomats accredited in Ukraine. home. The dry-cleaning machine has a rotating drum
I: And the last question, Oksana. Can we refer to your that is filled with a liquid synthetic solvent instead of
products as “haute couture”? water. Workers usually add a dry-cleaning detergent
O.B.: Unfortunately not. We cannot afford to finance to the solvent to help remove water-soluble spots. As
costly projects on our own. The creative potential the drum rotates, the solvent circulates through the
of our staff lets us carry out ambitious plans, but we garments.
constantly try to attract investment. We need to expand
our production and open new markets. I am sure, we 17B)
have a lot we can offer to the world. 1. hand wash warm; do not bleach; medium iron; dry
clean; do not tumble dry.
1 2 A) 2. hand wash in hot water; any bleach; hot iron; do not
to develop a film; lens, zoom lens; negative; to wind a dry clean; tumble dry hot.
film; to load a camera; to print photos; fast film; the 3. wash in cool water; do not bleach; do not iron; do
background; a flash. not dry clean; tumble dry at low temperature.
4. do not wash; do not bleach; cool iron; dry clean; do
ЕШ not tumble dry.
1) postal; 2) communication; 3) delivered; 4) postage
stamps; 5) postcards; 6) addressee; 7) registered; m
8) receipt; 9) sender; 10) money orders; 11) the box- 1. to starch; 2. keeping pace; 3. hectic; 4. garments
holder; 12) legibly; 13) postal codes; 14) envelopes. and gowns; 5. to handle; 6. to reproof; 7. table linen;
8. trims; 9. lace; 10. pristine; 11. hangers; 12. studs; 13.
ш corduroy; 14. in-situ; 15. alteration; 16. reweave; 17.
l.d; 2.j; З.а; 4.i; 5.h; 6.g; 7.k; 8.e; 9.f; lO.c; ll.b. heirloom; 18. no extra charge.

m ЕТП
l.h; 2.g; 3.c; 4.i; 5.f; 6.e; 7.b; 8.a; 9.d. 1. stud; 2. alterations; 3. pristine; 4. lace; 5. hanger;
TAPESCRIPT
6. hectic; 7. heirlooms; 8. handles; 9. extra charges; 10.
keep pace.
Dry cleaning is a process that removes dirt and stains
from fabrics. Dry cleaning uses little or no water, but ЕИ
in no case is the process dry. Rather, it involves the use — I would like to have my things washed, please, (la)
of liquid solvents. — Really? I would never have thought... Anyway, when
Dry-cleaning plants clean items that may shrink, can I get the rest back? (lb)
fade, or be damaged in some other way if washed in — I would like to order a wedding gown. (2a)
water. These items include certain clothing, including — Yes, please. And when shall I come for a fitting?
garments made of wool or silk, and household objects (2b)
such as draperies and bedspreads. — Hello, Lily. Can I have my hair cut? (3a)
Some materials should not be dry-cleaned. For — No, I haven’t decided on the colour yet. (3b)
example, dry cleaning may cause vinyl or artificial — Can I have my film developed here? (4a)
leather to crack or split. Most garments have care — Now, you decide on the size... Here are the samples.
labels that tell how to clean them. (4b)

402
 Tapescripts and answer key section
— What’s your rate of American dollar to sterling? (5a) — No, if you order a complete service. And you also
— Three fifties, please, and the rest — in any notes. (5b) get a 15 percent discount. You’ll pay tomorrow when
TAPESCRIPT you come to collect the ready prints. But you’ll have
to collect all the prints which are good quality — you
1. —...a know, you can’t leave it just because you don’t
— Have you made out a list, sir? like your face expression or there is a shade under
— No, I... someone’s nose.
— OK, no man ever does. And then you say we’ve lost — Yes, it’s fair, and the discount’s really cool. I think
a couple of shirts. Hey, we know your tricks, sir, of I’ll bring another film tomorrow.
course we do! — ...b
— No, I... 5. -...a
— Never mind, I’m just kidding. We’d better check it — How much would you like to exchange?
now. Two white shirts, one blue one, a sheet and two — What I need is about 200 pounds.
pillowcases, four T-shirts... Oh, what’s that? — Then you have to exchange about 340 dollars.
— You see, I spilt coffee on this T-shirt. — OK, let’s make it 400. Here you are.
— Well, well, I can’t guarantee anything, the stain — Sorry, ma’am, but first I need your name and your
looks rather old. Old stains are hard to remove... And address.
sir, we can’t take this suit — it’s to be dry-cleaned. — My name’s Lucy Dubko, you spell it d-u-b-k-o.
— ...b As for the address — I’m not local, I’m staying with
2. - ...a a friend. Shall I give you hers?
— Have you decided on the material, Miss? — Yes, please. I hope your friend doesn’t mind. And
— In fact, I would like to see what you can offer. how would you like your money?
— What colour, Miss? — ...b
— My fiance insists on a white one, but I’m not so
sure. Frankly speaking, I’d rather have it either pink or EE1
beige. 1. A visit to a beauty parlour is always a real holiday
— I’m afraid the colours won’t match your eyes and for any woman. Modern specialists offer an enormous
your fair complexion. How about this blue silk with range of services which can help any woman become
a narrow white stripe? It’s very trendy, indeed. I can more beautiful. Cosmetologists offer a facial peeling
already imagine one of the latest designs made from and a massage, nourishing and moisturizing face
this material... Yes, it would look perfect on you. packs, professional make-up, and experienced
— And I also want it decorated with a lot of white lace. hairdressers recommend you a modern hairstyle, you
— Yes, sure. Would you like to have your can have a manicure and a pedicure made.
measurements taken now? 2. My friend and I decided to change our hairstyles
— ...b and went to a famous hairdresser. He cut my hair
3. —...a according to the latest trends; he bleached several
— Short or just a trim? strands, dyed the remaining hair red and set it with
— Just a trim. Not much off the top, but take away a hairdryer, using (applying) a great deal of different
those untidy curls off the neck. mousses, gels and sprays. My friend has long straight
— Ugh, I think it’s high time you had it dyed! hair which she wears in plaits and that’s why he just
The front is going grayish. trimmed it having cut the split ends off and made
— I’m really thinking of it. her fringe shorter. He didn’t change her hair colour,
— We could do it along with the trimming, luv. he only made it more intensive using a colouring
— ...b shampoo. We were very satisfied (pleased).
4. —...a 3. — Take a seat, please. (This chair, please.) What can
— You are welcome, sir. Printing as well? I do for you?
— I’m not sure. There may be some spoilt ones. — I would like to have a shave, please.
— We can do it each good one for you, ignoring the — All right. Now Г11 apply some shaving cream.
ones not worth printing. — I also want to have my moustache trimmed.
— OK, do you require any down payment? (some minutes later)

51*
403
 Tapescripts and answer key section
— Is that how you like it? to go to a laundry. When I brought my things there,
— Yes, thank you. Everything is wonderful. they were sorted out, I was asked if I would like my
— What shall I apply: after-shave lotion or balm? bedclothes to be starched, but I got my blouse back,
— Lotion, please. How much do I owe you? because I was advised to take it to a dry cleaner’s.
4. Before Christmas I decided to send postcards and The washed and ironed things were given two days
small presents to my friends and relatives. I went to later. Everything was excellent — the service was
the post office and sent the postcards to my friends quick, convenient and at a reasonable price. Next time
by air(mail) because they lived abroad. I also sent a I’ll take their delivery service.
small postal packet (wrapper) to my aunt and uncle. I
sent money order to my Granny and Grandpa so that
they could buy something for the holiday. Then I took Unit 17. GOOD CLOTHES OPEN ALL DOORS
a message form and sent an express telegram to my
parents to inform them about my arrival at Christmas. В
5. — Good afternoon. What can I do for you? a.24; b.2; c.4; d.12; e.15; f.8; g.9; h.21; i.5; j.3; k.11,16;
— Good afternoon. I would like to have my photo 1.10; m.18; n.20; o.22; p.19; q.27; r.25; s.14; t.7; u.29;
taken. v.17; w.26; x.23.
— What size would you like?
— 10 x 15 cm for my family album. в
— How many pictures would you like? SUGGESTED ANSWERS:
— Three will be enough, I think.
— Which background do you choose: light or dark? • a brassiere (bra), a bikini, a pinafore dress, tights,
— Light will be better. knickers;
— All right. Take this chair, please. Head a little • a bow-tie; boxer shorts; swimming trunks;
higher, please. Will you kindly look this way, please? a waistcoat = vest (AE)\ braces = suspenders (AE)\
Don't move. Say "cheese”. • an anorak; a cardigan; a jacket; a jumper; a pullover;
— I'm afraid I have blinked. • (above the waist) a brassiere (bra); a bow-tie; a scarf;
— That's all right. I'll take another picture. It's done. (below the waist) boxer shorts; knickers; slacks; (both
I think the photos will turn out well. above and below) overalls; pyjamas = pajamas (AE)\
— Thank you. When shall I come in for the photos? a swimsuit; a tracksuit;
— You can call for them in two days. • a brassiere (bra); knickers; briefs;
6 . 1 always buy ready-made clothes, but before • an anorak; a fur coat; a jacket.
my birthday I decided to have my dress made by
a dressmaker. I wanted something unusual and exclusive. □
I bought silk of a light colour and headed for the nearest a.3; b.ll; c.l; d.9; e.8; f.7; g.5; h.10; i.2; j.6; k.4; 1.12.
dressmaker’s (atelier). We chose a style, the dressmaker
suggested beads as a decoration. The dress turned out В
wonderful, because handcrafting is always in fashion. SUGGESTED ANSWERS:
Now I need some matching accessories that will go with
the dress (will match the dress). • Wellington boots/ wellies/ rubber boots; moccasins;
7. If you need to wash your clothes or remove stains, trainers/ sneakers (AE)
study the signs on your clothes labels. Make sure you • high-heeled shoes; stiletto shoes;
understand all the signs. Follow the instructions on the • flip-flops; sandals;
label. If the things can’t be washed, take them to a dry • boots;
cleaner’s. Specialists recommend to dry-clean, but not • trainers/ sneakers (AE)] moccasins; loafers;
to wash the things made o f silk, wood and other fine • high-heeled shoes; stiletto shoes.
fabrics, as well as leather and fur garments so that they
aren’t (spoiled) damaged; so that they don’t shrink or
stretch, the colours don’t run. в
8. As my lifestyle is becoming more and more hectic, a.3; b.4; c.l; d.5; e.9; f.6; g.2;
and my washing machine has broken down, I decided h.10; i.8; j.7.

404
 Tapescripts and answer key section
Ш 5. shirt — a piece of clothing that covers the upper part
a.2; b.5; c.4; d.l; e.7; f.3; g.6; h.8. of your body and your arms, usually has a collar, and
is fastened at the front by buttons; blouse — a shirt for
KQ women;
l.c; 2.a; 3.e; 4.b; 5.f; 6.d. 6. cardigan — a knitted garment fastened at the front
with buttons or a zip; the rest are also knitted garments
m without buttons that you wear on the top half of your
1. suit; 2. fits; 3. match; 4. clashes; 5. go with; 6. set body; jumper is always made of wool; sweater can also
off; 7. go together; 8. match/ go together; 9. matched; be made of cotton;
10. clashes; 11. suit; 12. go together; 13. clash; 14. match. 7. glove — a piece of clothing that you wear on your hand
in order to protect it or keep it warm; can be made of
rubber, leather, other fabrics; mitten — a type of glove
Skimpy = close-fitting; baggy = loose; stylish = that does not have separate parts for each finger;
snazzy; to follow = to keep pace with; up-to-the- 8. bathrobe — a long loose piece of clothing made of thick
minute = the height of fashion; worn out = shabby; soft cloth, that you wear before or after you have a bath;
costly = expensive; to be in = to be trendy. pajamas — light trousers and a shirt that you wear in bed;
9. scarf — a piece of material that you wear around your
EH neck, head, or shoulders; shawl — a large piece of cloth
The same colour — a different colour; suits made that a woman wears around her shoulders or head;
to measure — ready made suits; up-to-the-minute — 10. stilettos — woman’s shoes with high pointed heels,
outdated; genuine fur coat —* fake fur coat; long-sleeved or the heels of this kind of shoe; loafers — /esp. AE)
shirt — short-sleeved shirt; pure silk — artificial silk; flat shoes, similar to moccasins for casual wear;
to be slovenly in appearance — to be particular about 11. T-shirt — a cotton shirt with short sleeves and no
appearance; to put on — to take off; to dress up — to put collar; sweatshirt — a thick soft cotton shirt with long
everyday clothes; to buy designer clothes — to buy clothes sleeves and no buttons down the front;
off the peg; a clinging dress — a loose-fitting dress; to be 12. anorak — a short coat with a part that covers your
dressed in good taste — to be dressed in bad taste; light head; jacket — a short light coat;
shade — dark shade. 13. clogs — shoes made of wood or with a wooden sole;
flip-flops thongs (AE) — light open shoes that have
EH only a v-shaped band to hold your foot;
l.c; 2.d; 3.e; 4.b; 5.f; 6.a. 14. overalls — (BE) a piece of clothing like a shirt and
trousers joined together, that you wear over your clothes
EH in order to protect them, (AE) trousers with a piece that
1. outfit; 2. clothing; 3. costumes; 4. garment; covers your chest, held up by two bands that go over your
5. uniform; 6. clothes; 7. garments; 8. clothing; shoulders; dungarees (BE)\ trousers — a piece of clothing
9. outfit; 10. costumes; 11. uniform; 12. clothes. that covers the lower part of your body, with a separate
part covering each leg; pants (AE).
ESI
eh
1. socks are shorter than stockings;
2. tights — a piece of women’s clothing made of very а) втратити витримку; b) бути в чишсь iincypi;
thin material that fits tightly over the feet and legs and c) не можна шдходити до ecix з одшею м1ркою;
goes up to the waist, stockings don’t go to the waist; d) чи раз, чи два — она бща; е) жити в злиднях;
3. suit — a set of clothes made o f the same material, О убраний в шовк i в золото; g) по своему л1жку
usually including a jacket with trousers or a skirt; протягай шжку.
costume can be national, theatre, period (=the clothes
of a period of history), swimming etc.; ш
4. swimming costume (BE) — a piece o f clothing worn 1. The word “jeans” comes from Genes, the French
for swimming, especially the type worn by women; word for Genoa, a port in Italy. The first jeans were
swimming trunks — a piece o f clothing like shorts, made in the United States during the 1850’s by Levi
worn by men and boys for swimming; Strauss, an immigrant from Germany. Strauss arrived

52 A way to success
405
 Tapescripts and answer key section
in California during the Gold Rush and started a TAPESCRIPT
business manufacturing sturdy work pants for gold Dialogue 1-
miners. Strauss dyed the denim a deep blue called S: You know, I hated my job as a doctor, but I have
indigo, which became the traditional color for jeans. always liked to spend time in church. It took me
The word “denim” comes from the French phrase de three years to study theology and now I’m working as
Nimes, meaning from Nimes. a curate in a church in south London. I need to look
smart, but I hate shopping, and I can never decide,
EE1 what to buy.
1. to exaggerate one’s shape; 2. to dress up denim and FE: Don’t worry, it’s not going to be difficult. Let’s
create a smart daytime outfit; 3. to hide smb’s wide start with casual clothes and something you can wear
hips; 4. to suit everyone; 5. to team with a bright top; at work.
6. to get away with trendy styles; 7. to give a feminine S: At work I wear a clerical shirt, which I already have.
take; 8. to fit and flatter; 9. to be generous around the And my bottom half needs to be smart but practical
hips; 10. to balance smb’s shape; balance out the body because I do a lot of cycling around.
proportions; 11. to decide what to wear with them; FE: Then I suggest this pair of stretchy cropped
12. to add accessories. trousers. They’ll look smart and be comfortable for
cycling. You can also look more summery by wearing
ш them with light coloured textile sneakers.
red: scarlet; ruby; cherry; crimson; S: Good idea, but I really tend to wear dark clothes.
green: emerald; lime; olive; FE: Then it’s my duty to introduce you to some
blue: turquoise; azure; navy; brighter colours. How about these wide-leg trousers
violet: purple; lilac; lavender; and the emerald silk blouse?
brown: coffee; chocolate; S: Yeah, the blouse is gorgeous and the trousers are
white: ivory; beige; cream. really comfortable — just right for lounging around
the house. But you see, I can’t wear trousers all the
32 A) time — I would hate that!
clerical shirt £9.99 —• FE: Look! That’s exactly what you need! This lilac
knitted top £99 G bell-shaped skirt and the matching sleeveless knitted
knitted top £30 S top cost under £50. What a bargain!
S: I like the colours and the skirt is a good shape for
silk blouse £49.99 S
me — a great outfit to wear when meeting my friends
patterned vest £12 G
for lunch. Plus I can just throw it in the washing
dress £150 s
machine, so it’s really practical.
dress £16.99 G
FE: But I’m sure it’s not only lunchtime that you
jeans £24.99 —
go out, Sarah. What about evenings?
straight-legged trousers G S: As a matter of fact, I do need an elegant evening
£59 look sometimes.
stretchy cropped trousers s FE: Why not to choose this sparkly turquoise dress?
£25 It’s a little bit too expensive, but it’s worth the
wide-legged trousers £35 S money paid, I assure you.
bell-shaped skirt £14.99 S S: I’d only wear something like this for a really
denim skirt £19.99 G special occasion, but it’s stunning! I’m going to
three-piece suit £170 G a tennis club ball quite soon — this will be perfect!
tracksuit £70 — Dialogue 2
bottoms £8 — G: I spent 13 years as a stay-at-home mum. I used
suede shoes £60 — to live in jeans and tracksuits, but now I need a new
flip-flops £39 G look. You know, I’m starting my own business.
textile sneakers £19 S I often have to go to business meetings and I need
leather shoes £79.99 — to look professional. But I’m really at a loss. I just
don’t know what women making a career wear.

406
 Tapescripts and answer key section —

FE: It’s OK; I’m here to help. First of all, I would come up to just below your belly button are also a good
choose this light-coloured silk-and-linen suit. With the style for you, and they’ll make your legs look longer,
skirt it looks smart without being too severe. With the too. Avoid wearing shorts-style bottoms with a line cut
trousers it’s more business-like and aggressive. straight across the leg — they’ll make your legs look
G: I love its ivory colour — it’s so nice to get away shorter and will accentuate your hips. (3)
from dark colours for the summer. And it’s so right c) Late evening outing during summer isn’t an excuse
for meetings. But working at the office or at home, for putting on an evening dress, but you certainly
I like to be comfortable and a little more casual. need to choose something that’s got a bit of sparkle.
FE: I am sure, this fine-knit crimson top with a I suggest a knee-long silk dress with a beaded cardigan.
V-neck and some straight-legged cotton trousers Always take a shawl, as it might get cold, and leave
with Lycra will provide the answer. your hat at home. Bear in mind, that you may have
G: Though the top is too expensive for everyday to walk across soft earth so avoid wearing your best
wear, I’ll have it because I particularly like its shoes — you don’t want to ruin the heels. (1)
neckline. And the trousers are quite casual without d) Don’t fall into the trap of thinking hot-wear clothes
being jeans — perfect for sitting behind a computer. have to be revealing. Long, loose and floaty are much
FE: Do you still spend much time with your family? more elegant and practical, too. For example, a linen
G: Yes, but our time together has become more tunic and loose linen trousers are the coolest outfit
social — going out to dinner, day trips and picnics once temperatures are steamy. If you want to hide your
with my business partners and their families. upper arms you can do it with a pretty lightweight
FE: For these occasions I would choose this pretty shirt, worn unbuttoned over a simple cotton vest. As
summer dress made of soft polyester as well as for the shorts — they are rarely as practical, or as
some trendy separates. Navy denim skirts are good flattering, as we like to think. Loose-fitting cropped
for outdoor activities and look perfect with bright trousers are better. (8)
patterned tops. D on’t forget about leather flipflops — e) You are right — they are a big trend. There is
they are a ‘must-have’ this summer. no secret in wearing them well — just be bold.
G: Great! I can wear this pale-lavender dress when My personal view is that it’s best to avoid wearing
I’m out with my daughters or even for a work contrasting colours — tonal ones, for example black
meeting if it is dressed up with some jewellery. Not on black or red on red look better. And do never wear
with the flip-flops, of course, but with my favourite them if your dress is heavily decorated or has a bright
suede shoes. And I really like this red-and-beige pattern. (5)
vest — the pattern is simple but it attracts attention. 0 Baggy T-shirts can make you look larger, and not
many women over 21 can comfortably show their
stomachs with cropped styles teenagers may like. The
l.c; 2.f; 3.b; 4.h; 5.e; 6.g; 7.a; 8.d. important thing is to buy a ribbed T-shirt or one
TAPESCRIPT
that has some lycra content — it will look far more
flattering and should retain its shape after washing. (2)
a) Good old Marks and Spencer — their Per Una g) North Africans have an excellent solution which
collection is spot on again. The Per Una label is very simple to make — it consists of a 90 cm wide
translates looks from the catwalk to the high street piece of fabric folded in half to form a square and sewn
for a fraction of the price. This season’s must-haves on either side, leaving an opening for the arms. A slit
include smart tailored suits in pinstripes and tweed, is made for your head in either a V- or round-neck
folk fashion, peasant tops and cotton cropped trousers. shape. It can be any length. It’s called ‘jellabah’. If you
Hand-knits are also very popular, and they can also be don’t have time to make this, a sheer sarong or tunic
found in the Per Una collection. Best of all, Per Una, sold together with a bikini is another, though a more
which goes up to size 18, is in 140 Marks and Spencer expensive solution. (6)
stores all over the country. (7) h) I absolutely agree with you — if you haven’t got perfect
b) The best solution for you is to go to a shop where feet, flip-flops don’t look great and can’t be comfortable,
they offer mix-and-match swimwear. Try Bhs and too. A much better option is mules with a covered toe.
Seafolly to start with. As for the style — choose briefs For example, white cotton ones from Clarks shoe shop
with the highest cut leg you dare. Bikini bottoms that look great, feel cool and cost only £12.99. (4)

52*
407
 Tapescripts and answer key section
lcl:lsn
— Here you are.
3. In winter it was cold inside the house. She came
W hat to wear W hat not to wear
home from work, took off her tight (close) fitting
a. sm art tailored suits in pinstripes
and tweed, folk fashion, formal suit, the high-heeled boots and changed into
peasanttops and cotton cropped
trousers, hand-knits
the cozy woolen sweater, loose corduroys and warm
b. a brief w ith the highest cut leg, shorts-style bottom s w ith a line cut
furry slippers. In the morning before she started
bikini bottom s that com e up to straight across the leg doing exercises she put on her tracksuit, a T-shirt and
just below your belly button
trainers. Sometimes she went jogging in the park: she
c. knee-long silk dress w ith a beaded an evening dress, hat, your best
cardigan, a shawl or pashm ina shoes put on her warm jacket with a fur-trimmed hood.
d. Long, loose and floaty clothes; shorts 4. Welcome to our new shop! Here you can find
a linen tunic and loose linen footwear to everyone’s taste! You can get elegant
trousers; lightweight shirt, worn
unbuttoned; a simple cotton vest; stiletto shoes, comfortable moccasins, summer sandals
cropped trousers
made of leather, thick-soled sabots, high-heeled shoes
e. Tonal colours heavily decorated dress or one
w hich has a bright pattern,
which are always “in”, men’s shoes with laces and
contrasting colours buckles, high boots. You can choose soft slippers,
f. Baggy T-shirts, a ribbed T -shirt or cropped styles various sporting shoes for leisure and rubber boots
one that has some lycra content
(Wellingtons) for wet weather. Enjoy your shopping!
8* ‘jellabah’, a sheer sarong or tunic -
5. There were many smartly dressed people in the hall.
h. mules with a covered toe flip-flops
The ladies were dressed in long silk or velvet dresses
with expensive jewelry, many of them had gloves and
ИЗ hats on; the men were dressed in tuxedos and tail­
1. must-haves; 2. mix-and-match; 3. a bit of spark; coats. The splendour of the guests’ outfits impressed
4. loose-fitting cropped; 5. tonal, contrasting; 6. ribbed greatly. The hostess came out. She had a formal black
T-shirts; 7. V- or round-neck; 8. covered toe. dress with a white lace collar. She greeted the guests
and invited all to dinner.
Ш 6. — I’m going to the seaside; please, help me buy all
1. I like plain, practical clothes, which accentuate necessary things.
(emphasize) the advantages and wear well. I try — You’d better take clothes made of light, natural
to follow the fashion and change the clothes style fabrics: cotton, linen and silk. (You) buy some bright
according to the situation — from the classical one at pinafore dress or a sleeveless dress; now striped and
business meetings to the chic (smart) style for special polka-dotted things are “in”, take a T-shirt, shorts,
occasions and the sporting style for relaxation at home a couple of skirts, surely jeans (necessarily), a warm
and out of doors. As to my business suits I prefer jumper, you’ll need them in cold weather.
a formal (style) cut for my jackets, skirts and trousers, — And what shoes (footwear) shall I take?
all my evening outfits are tight fitting, and all my — Trainers, flip-flops, sandals. And don’t forget to
home casual clothes are loose, even baggy style. While take a swimming costume, sunglasses and a panama.
choosing a piece of clothes I always pay my attention 7. We are celebrating my husband’s birthday tomorrow
(concentrate on) to details: the shape of the collar and and I want to buy a shirt and a tie for him. He mainly
the neck, the location of pockets, buttons. After having has striped a shirt, that’s why I bought a plain shirt in
bought my clothes I try to get footwear and accessories dark-blue colour, it will go with his grey suit.
to go with this or that garment. I got a light blue tie to match his shirt. I hope the new
2. — Good afternoon, what can I do for you? shirt will fit and flatter him.
— Good afternoon, I’d like to look at some headgear. 8. — Good afternoon, what can do for you?
— What would you like me to show — hats, caps, or berets? — Good afternoon. I’d like to buy some winter outer
— I want a felt hat with a broad brim. I think it’ll clothing.
match my new coat. — Would you like to have a fur coat, overcoat or a jacket?
— What colour? — I want a warm jacket. It’s more convenient to have it
— Light brown, please. I also want to buy a cap for my on, it’s not so long as an overcoat or a fur coat. Besides
son. I’ll take the checked one. And will you show me a garments made of fur are incredibly expensive. I wear
bobble hat for my daughter. sporty clothes, so I’ll take this suede jacket with a zip.

408
 Tapescripts and answer key section
— Would you kindly go to the fitting (changing) 12, 1934. For five minutes the wind blew at 188 mph
room and try it on. It fits and flatters you. Pd rather (303 kph). One gust reached 231 mph (372 kph).
recommend a different hat. A beret and a long scarf Driest Place on earth is Arica, Chile. In one 59-year
will go with this jacket. Such a combination looks very period, the average annual rainfall was 3/100 inch (0.76
romantic. millimeter). No rain fell in Arica for a 14-year period.
Heaviest Rainfall recorded in 24 hours was 73.62
inches (186.99 centimeters) on March 15—16, 1952, at
Unit 18. SOME MEN ARE WEATHER W ISE, Cilaos, on the island of Reunion, a part of France, in
OTHERS ARE OTHERWISE the Indian Ocean.
The most rain in one year was at Cherrapunji, India.
From August 1860 to July 1861, 1,041.78 inches
SUGGESTED ANSWERS:
(2,646.12 centimeters) fell. The wettest place is
1. cats; 2. tables; 3. Tatiana; 4. Merkulova; Mount Waialeale, on the island of Kauai in Hawaii,
5. travelling; 6. jumping; 7. Turkey; 8. ideas; 9. strange; with an average annual rainfall of 460 inches
10. join; 11. Kharkiv; 12. dirty; 13. frog; 14. smile; 15. (1,168 centimeters). Heaviest Snowfall recorded
drive; 16. stupid; 17. 1000. in North America in 24 hours — 76 inches (193
centimeters) — fell at Silver Lake, Colo., on April
ВЕЯ 1 4 -1 5 , 1921.
Temperature: freezing; cool; cold; hot; boiling. The most snow recorded in North America in one
Precipitation: a shower; a drizzle; a downpour; rain; winter — 1,122 inches (2,850 centimeters) — fell at
hail; sleet. Rainier Paradise Ranger Station in Washington in
Wind: a gale; tornado; breeze; a hurricane; blizzard; 1971-1972. Largest Hailstone in the United States fell
a snowstorm. in Coffeyville, Kansas, on Sept. 3, 1970.
The hailstone measured 17 1/2 inches
El (44.5 centimeters) in circumference, and it weighed
l.f; 2.d; 3.a; 4.b; 5.c; 6.e; 7.h; 8.j; 9.g; lO.k; ll.i. l 2/ 3 pounds (0.76 kilogram).

EEH □
1. a flood; 2. a volcanic eruption; 3. a drought; 1. shower; 2. precipitation; 3. hoarfrost; 4. earthquake;
4. an avalanche; 5. an earthquake; 6. a typhoon; 5. thunder; 6. sleet; 7. drizzle; 8. typhoon; 9. thaw;
7. a tsunami. 10. breeze; 11. sandstorm; 12. frost; 13. tsunami;
14. heat; 15. lightning; 16. hail.
ЕЕЯ
Highest Temperature recorded was 136 degrees F. (58.0 в
degrees C) at A1 Aziziyah, Libya, on Sept. 13, 1922. 1. a breeze — a light wind; a gale — an extremely
The highest temperature recorded in North America strong wind; a tornado — a violent storm with very
was 134 degrees F. (57 degrees C) in Death Valley, strong winds which move in a circle;
Calif., on July 10, 1913. 2. rain — water that falls from the clouds in
Lowest Temperature observed on the earth’s surface separate drops; snow — small soft white pieces of
was —128.6 degrees F. (—89.2 degrees C) at Vostok frozen water that fall from the sky in cold weather;
Station in Antarctica, on July 21, 1983. The sleet — a mixture of rain and snow;
record low in the United States was —80 degrees 3. rain — water that falls from the clouds in
F. (—62 degrees C) at Prospect Creek, Alaska, on separate drops; a drizzle — light fine rain;
Jan. 23, 1971. Highest Air Pressure at sea level a shower — a short period of rain or snow;
was recorded at Agata, in the Soviet Union (now 4. snow — small soft white pieces of frozen water that
Russia), on Dec. 31, 1968, when the barometric fall from the sky in cold weather; hoarfrost — ice
pressure reached 32.01 inches (81.31 centimeters or crystals which become attached to trees and bushes
108.4 kilopascals). and are formed by the condensation of fog or mist;
Strongest Winds measured on the earth’s surface 5. a thermometer — an instrument for measuring
were recorded at Mount Washington, N.H., on April the temperature of the air or a person’s body;

409
 Tapescripts and answer key section
a barometer — an instrument for measuring air KQ
pressure to show when the weather will change; 1. in; 2. with; 3. like; 4. in; 5. away/ down; 6. on; 7. in;
6. fog — a thick cloud of very small drops of water in 8. out; 9. over; 10. in; 11. under.
the air close to the land or water that is very difficult
to see through; mist — a cloud of very small drops of m
water in the air just above the ground, that makes it 1. The weather is determined as the state of the
difficult to see; fog — denser than mist and has greater atmosphere at a given time and place depending on the
power to cut off the vision; temperature, air pressure, the strength and direction of
7. a snowfall — an occasion when snow fall; the wind, humidity, cloudiness and precipitation.
a blizzard — a snowstorm with very strong winds; 2. Using the data of meteorological observations
8. cold — low temperature; cool — fairly cold; weathermen can give an accurate forecast only for
chilly — too cold to be comfortable; 48 hours. Forecasting the weather for the nearest week
9. a snowflake — a small piece of frozen water or month they base their predictions on the usual
that falls from the sky as snow in cold weather; weather conditions for the given place and time and, of
a snowdrift — a deep pile o f snow that has been course, sometimes can make mistakes.
blown together by the wind. 3. Great Britain is an insular country and that is why
the seas surrounding it greatly influence its climate and
□ weather conditions. The Gulf Stream, a warm current in
1. It was a flood. 2. It was a thick fog/ a the Atlantic Ocean, makes (the) winter warmer and (the)
blizzard/a snowstorm. 3. It was a thaw. 4. It summer rainier. Due to (thanks to) this current the seas
was a terrible drought. 5. It was a hurricane/ around the British Isles do not freeze over.
tornado/ a storm. 6. It was hailing. 7. It was 4. The weather in Britain is unpredictable, and within
a shower/ downpour/torrential rain. 8. It was one day all four seasons may replace each other. The
humid. 9. The thunderstorm was approaching. sun may shine brightly in the morning, there may be
It was lightning. 10. It was boiling hot. 11. The a shower in the afternoon and the day may end with a
trees were covered with hoarfrost. 12. It was an snowfall.
avalanche. 13. It was an earthquake. 5. Though Britain is famous for its frequent rains one
can’t say that it is the rainiest country in the world.
ш There is quite little precipitation in some areas of the
1. global warming; 2. rain forests; 3. glaciers; 4. muggy; country. For example, in the south-east, in the county
5. heat waves; 6. permafrost; 7. average temperature; 8. of Kent, there is much less precipitation than in the
deserts; 9. flat terrain; 10. conifer. Scottish Highlands. Sometimes these regions even
suffer from drought but it happens very seldom.
ш
l.o; 2.e; 3.a; 4.f; 5.b; 6.j; 7.c; 8.k; 9.d; lO.i; ll.m ; 12.1; KB
13. n; 14.g; 15.q; 16.r; 17.s; 18.p; 19.t; 20.h. l.T; 2.F; 3.F; 4.F; 5.F; 6.T; 7.F; 8.T; 9.T; 10.F.

m Ш
1. temperate climatic zone; 2. ocean current; 3. average I. ultra-modern equipment; 2. a fairly reliable system;
annual temperature; 4. 10 degrees above zero; 5. 3. dense clouds; 4. a heavy rainfall; 5. the new moon;
frontal depressions; 6. changeable weather; 7. solar 6. silvery crescent; 7. fair weather; 8. hard night’s
heat; 8. northwest; 9. northeast; 10. southwest; 11. frost; 9. a shooting star; 10. an accurate forecaster;
southeast; 12. maritime climate; 13. cold airstreams; II. weather conditions; 12. domestic animals;
14. the European continent; 15. the Lake District; 16. 13. feathered friends; 14. traditional ways of predicting
southerly latitude. the weather.

m ш
1. strongly; 2. to finish raining; 3. deeply; 4. mild; (1) to; (2) from; (3) on; (4) from; (5) into; (6) of;
5. temperate; 6. cloudy; 7. humid; 8. heavy; 9. wind; (7) of; (8) in; (9) to; (10) in; (11) with; (12) on; (13) to;
10. large. (14) of; (15) of.

410
 Tapescripts and answer key section
21 A)
The north-east of France will be dry with sunny
spells and variable cloud formations. The north-west
noun adjective verb
will have occasional rain or drizzle. The southern
1. snow snowy to snow
regions of France will have outbreaks of heavy rain
2. rain rainy to rain
with localized thunderstorms. The temperature will be
3. drizzle drizzly to drizzle
around 14—18 °C.
4. sleet sleety to sleet
The north-east of Spain will have occasional rain with
5. fog foggy to fog
thunderstorms possible. Portugal will have sunny spells
6. cloud cloudy to cloud (over)
with a few light coastal showers and gusts of wind.
7. thaw to thaw-
The temperature will be 18—23 °C.
8. hail - .........— to hail
In Italy heavy rain will move eastwards during the day
9. thunder thundery to thunder with thunder and lightning. The temperature will be
19—24°C.
21 B) In Greece all areas will have sunny spells with only
patchy cloud. The best of the sunshine will be towards
1. snows; 2. was snowing; 3. snowy; 4. rain; the south. The temperature will be 22—25 °C.
5. was raining; 6. rainy; 7. drizzling; 8. drizzle; The rest of the Mediterranean will be fair with a cool
9. drizzly; 10. sleets; 11. foggy; 12. was fogged; breeze.
13. cloud; 14. cloudy; 15. thaws; 16. hails; 17. thunder; And now the weather forecast for the British Isles.
18. thunders; 19. thundery. The British Isles will be unsettled with showers. Rain
in Northern Ireland, Wales and southwest England at
2 2 A)
First, will extend to Scotland and the rest of England
spells
during the day. The rain could be heavy over the
Ihnadrr- dry te a p e ra -
regions of wind ra il northwestern hills. There might be some storms with
s te r n weather tare
sunny
thunder and lightning, in southwest England and the
Sweden + 2 -6
western coasts are expected to become misty and
Norway + + 5 -7
drizzly with scattered showers later on. Temperatures
+
will be 12—14°C.
France +NE +NW +S + 14 -1 8
In the south-east evening showers will die away
+ + + 1 8 -2 3
into a cool night with increasing clouds from the
Italy + + 1 9 -2 4
west. Wind will be southwesterly. In the south-east
Greece + 2 2 -2 5
thickening clouds from the west could bring some light
+ 1 2 -1 4 rain and mist during the day, although some parts
1 2 -1 4 should stay dry. Temperatures will be from 14 °C to
England + +SE +SW I2 -1 4 S W 17 °C.
14 -1 7 S E
And that’s all from me.

Bel
TAPESCRIPT
Joke 1. 1. of; 2. by; 3. upon/ on; 4. at; 5. about; 6. to;
Now here’s the weather forecast for the next three days. 7. in; 8. of.
General outlook for Europe. Joke 2: 1. in; 2. in; 3. at; 4. on; 5. to; 6. after; 7. to;
Norway will be dry with the best o f sunshine on the 8. like; 9. back; 10. to; 11. in; 12. at; 13. back; 14. to; 15.
west coast. Northern Sweden and Finland will be of.
cloudy with rain in Central Finland. Southern Sweden
and Denmark will have sunny spells with light showers m
on the Baltic Sea coasts. The temperature will be 1. mouth; 2. pass; 3. day; 4. delight, warning; 5. soon;
2—6°C across Sweden and Finland, 5—7°C across 6. way, head; 7. still; 8. flowers; 9. tune; 10. hay, finely.
Norway and Denmark. Germany, Switzerland and
Austria will have a dry day with the best of sunshine in m
the north. a)3; b)l; c)5; d)3; e)l; 06; g)4; h)5.

411
 Tapescripts and answer key section
TAPESCRIPT Gary: I guess we can’t do anything until after dark then.
1. It’s Raining Cats and Dogs Today. Sharon: I guess so. What else can we do? You can’t
(Justine knew that there would be a shower today; but she stay in the heat for long!
didn't realize it would rain so heavily...) 4. You’ve Got to Drink a Lot of Fluids.
Stephen: Wow, you look like a drowned rat! Didn’t you (I t’s such a hot day that Wendy and Mark just want to
know there would be a thunderstorm today? stay at home and spare themselves the worst of the heat.)
Justine: I knew there would be a shower, but I didn’t Wendy: Oh, gosh! Nobody can stand this kind of
realize it would rain cats and dogs today. scorching heat.
Stephen: Well, you’d better take a hot shower right now, Marc: Tell me about it! You can’t even stay in the sun
or you’ll catch a cold. for five minutes.
Justine: I know. I don’t want to get sick, especially Wendy: You’ll be scorched like a shrivelled plant.
during finals week. Marc: Or like a shrivelled old man!
2. The Drought Conditions are Severe! Wendy: I like your humour, Marc. Anyway, I guess this
[Radio broadcasting: ...Temperatures have today reached afternoon there’s nothing we can do but stay home.
a record 102 degrees and may well hit 110 tomorrow. Marc: I guess so. I don’t want to be taken to the
Much more distressing, experts say, is that a drought hospital for heat exhaustion or sunstroke or something.
has set in remarkably early and shows no sign of letting Wendy: You want my advice? Drink a lot of liquids and
up soon... The ground is still parched from last year’s spare yourself the worst of the heat!
drought — crops, plants and trees are being crippled at Marc: Yeah, you’re right. Got to drink a lot of fluids.
their most vulnerable time...] Do we have any Cola?
Anna: Did you hear that? The drought conditions are 5. Oh, the Heat is Unbearable!
severe! There’s a lot of death, dying, and suffering out (It's a very hot day. The heat is so unbearable. To make
there! it worse, the air-conditioner is broken...)
Rose: I heard that, but it’s not surprising actually, Chris: Oh, the heat is unbearable! Didn’t you turn on
‘cause we haven’t had as much rain as normal this the air-conditioner?
year. Paula: The heat has blown our air-conditioner on the
Anna: Well, if it could rain even a drop, things would roof!
be much better! And my flowers in the garden would Chris: What the...! So, what are we going to do?
come back in a heartbeat. Paula: We’ve got to have it fixed as soon as possible.
Rose: I guess you might have to quit watering your I’ve called someone and they’re on the way.
garden. I heard that they are going to start rationing Chris: Thank God!
water. In fact, this morning I happened to hear on Paula: Here you go. You can use the electric fan here.
the radio that the reservoir had dipped below half At least you can catch a breeze.
its capacity this month and the volume of water
entering the reservoir is the smallest in fifty years. Ш
Anna: Really! I thought that might happen. Great! l.b; 2.e; 3.g; 4.h; 5.d; 6.i; 7.c; 8.a; 9.f.
There go my vegetables!
Rose: I guess so. But think about Africa. REl
3. Oh, My! The Whole World is Broiling. l.a; 2.e; 3.b; 4.g; 5.f; 6.d; 7.c.
(Gary and Sharon are complaining about how hot the
КТП
weather is today...)
Gary: Oh, my! It’s really hot! I’ve never seen such Like other peoples of the world, ancient Slavs carefully
scorching weather in my life! observed changes in the weather to predict future
Sharon: Tell me about it! It’s like the whole world is crops. The most important days for weather forecasting
boiling. were the days from December 26 to January 6.
Gary: Oh, look at the thermometer! The temperature The weather of each day (Each day’s weather) foretold
has hit 98! the weather of the corresponding month. So it was
Sharon: I hope it’s not gonna break into three digits! though that if, for example, December 30 was sunny,
Gary: But it’s already awfully close! then the whole March would be (was to be) sunny
Sharon: Well, I just hope it’ll level off. and clear. If it rained on that day, then March was

412
 Tapescripts and answer key section
expected to be rainy. If on that day everything was U — unique; used to working hard; undaunted;
covered with hoarfrost, then according to folk signs it uninhibited;
was to get warm a week later. D — diligent; decisive; determined;
New Year and Christmas were especially important E — enthusiastic about his/ her chosen future
for crop forecasting. If the New Year day was dull profession;
(gloomy), and at night the sky was starry, grain- N — nervous before exams;
growers expected a good crop o f wheat. If it was T’ — true to the vocation she/ he has chosen;
warm on that day and there was little snow, the crops S — searching/ seeking answers to his/ her numerous
promised to be poor (bad). If on Christmas night questions; self-confident; sensible;
all the sky was covered with stars, then the crops L — laborious; learn more than he/ she is taught;
forecasting was even better and also a good breed of lucky at exams;
cattle and a lot of berries in the forests were expected. I — interesting personality; imaginative; intellectual;
Here are some more interesting folk signs. inquiring;
Thaws in January promise cold spring and rainy F — friendly; flexible; faithful to the vocation he/ she
summer. has chosen; fond of studying; forward-looking; frank;
If after a rain or a thunderstorm vapour rises above the E — energetic; eager to get knowledge.
ground, there again will be a thunderstorm or a strong
wind. Н Я
If it rains on January 25, the summer will be rainy and 1. applicants; 2. a freshman; 3. a sophomore;
cold, but if it is sunny, birds will come from the south 4. a senior; 5. an undergraduate; 6. post-graduate;
earlier than usual. 7. a doctoral.
The harder the frosts in February, the shorter
the winter. s
If at the end of February icicles become long, a) teaching staff; b) a deputy dean; c) a tutor;
the spring will be long and cool. d) a vice-rector; e) a professor.
If birds (build) nests on the southern side of a tree,
the summer will be cold. □
If in spring the sun melts on the northern side of 1. into; at; 2. —; 3. at; —; 4. in; at; 5. to; 6. at; on; on;
the anthill, the summer will be warm and long, if (it of; 7. of; with; in; 8. —; of; 9. for; in; 10. in; for; 11.
happens) on the southern side, the summer (it) will be from; for; 12. off; in; 13. for; 14. at; in.
short and cold.
If it rains on the first days of June (early in June), ш
the rest of the days will be dry. If there are a lot of fogs 1. done; 2. sitting/ doing/ taking; 3. done; 4. made;
in this month, there will be a lot of mushrooms in the 5. made; 6. take; 7. made; 8. take; 9. making/ taking;
woods. 10. is doing/ does; 11. make.
Bees become angrier and sting oftener (more often)
before a drought. m
If July is hot, December will be frosty. 1. to take/ make notes; 2. to skip/ miss classes/ to
If there is little snow in winter, there will be few rains play truant; 3. to fall/ lag behind the group; 4. to get
in summer. a Bachelor’s/ Master’s degree; 5. to do well in English/
to be good at English; 6. to hand in a course/ term
paper (project) in time; 7. to have a good ear for
Unit 19. LEARN WHILE YOU ARE YOUNG languages; 8. to have a good command of French; 9. to
catch up with the group; 10. Admissions Office; 11. to
a prepare for/ to read for an exam; 12. to revise material
before the exam; 13. good academic performance;
SUGGESTED ANSWERS: 14. low/poor attendance; 15. a first-year student/ a
S — serious when dealing with serious matters; freshman; a second-year student/ a sophomore; 16.
T — talented; tolerant; tactful; true friend; thankful; a post-graduate student; 17. a teaching staff of the
thinking; thorough; department; 18. to be (on) top of the class; 19. the

413
 Tapescripts and answer key section
monitor of the group; 20. a full-time or a part-time undergraduate lifestyle straight out of the movies. Now
student; 21. to submit an application for admission; 22. my freshman year at the University is over. I found
a student’s card; 23. a major; 24. to cram before exams. I had to work harder than I had expected to keep
my grades up. I think my mum was right saying that
ш studying is the priority, while movies show the bright
1. introduction; 2. successful; 3. attention; side only. Very soon I found out that there is a strict
4. assignments; 5. unreadable; 6. failure; 7. revision; rule — “if you flunk one test, you’re screwed”. You
8. mistaken; 9. succeed; 10. absences; 11. punishments; have to have so much self motivation.
12. gifted; 13. satisfactory. Interviewer: Yeah, popular mythology about college life
seems to be quite deceiving...
ЕШ Jessica: At the end of my freshman year I did have a
I. an elective course; 2. to study in depth; 3. to conduct project for my sociology class and asked some fellow-
a seminar; 4. title of the lecture; 5. a disciple; 6. a survey students to imagine they were giving advice to their
course; 7. to enroll in a course/ to sign up for a course; younger siblings about what they wished they’d known
8. to prepare a paper on; 9. grades; 10. to rehearse; before starting college. Topics ranged from dating to
II. to deliver a paper; 12. to make notes; 13. to hang on drinking to dorm life. But they all agreed that by the
every word; 14. a pile of books. end of the first year you change a lot.
Interviewer: What are the most common problems they
ш mentioned?
WHAT JESSICA SAYS: Jessica: There’s sleep, for a start. Almost everyone
mentions it. As for me, I found myself staying up
I had to work harder than I had expected to keep my as late as 3 or 4 in the morning, either partying on
grades up. campus, or studying in the library. University libraries
...there is a strict rule — “if you flunk one test, you’re work overnight most of the time, you know.
screwed.” Interviewer: What is the solution? Is it possible to
There’s sleep ... I found myself staying up as late as choose either partying or reading?
3 or 4 in the morning, either partying on campus, or Jessica: If you never go to parties, you’ll soon become
studying in the library. an outcast, and that’s very unpleasant. If you don’t go to
...the absolutely new experience — living in a dorm. the library, you’ll soon stop being a student, and that’s
...break all the connections you had before and start disastrous. One of my fellow students, Chris, suggests
a new life. taking late classes, so that you don’t get up too early.
Learning to live with a slim wallet is the thing almost Interviewer: What is too early?
all freshmen face ...I had two jobs during my freshman Jessica: For me, too early is 10, for him — 12, I think.
year. Interviewer: Ha-ha. And what was said about the
TAPESCRIPT
absolutely new experience — living in a dorm?
Jessica: For most people the most challenging point
Interviewer: Our program today is for those who are is learning to live in a prison-cell-size room — with
planning to go to college. What do you know about another person.
college life? Your parents keep telling you that college Interviewer: But very often roommates grow to become
means studying, studying and more studying, that if lifelong friends.
you want to succeed in life, you should always be on Jessica: Not in the case of my fellow-student James,
top of your class. Or don’t they? Still, your friends and who returned home one night to find his roommate
elder cousins tell you quite the opposite. So who are having turned their room into a hard-rock music
you inclined to believe? Here in our studio is Jessica studio. He got really depressed because he couldn’t fall
Klein, a sophomore from the University of Utah, who asleep with someone practicing hard-rock music in the
will try to tell us what it is that freshmen wish they’d same room all night long!
known. Jessica, what did you expect your first year at Interviewer: Is there any antidote for disorderly
university to be? roommates?
Jessica: Frankly speaking, I thought I knew the Jessica: Honest communication is usually a good start.
stories. As a high-school senior, I imagined a wild But that wasn’t enough for James. He ultimately had to

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 Tapescripts and answer key section
complain to the college authorities, and his roommate 3. All the students in my group are sophisticated.
kind of got kicked out. 4. All the University-related people live on campus.
Interviewer: How do you get on with your roommate? 5. My teachers say Fm making average progress.
Jessica: Now it’s all right, but at the very beginning 6. Every Monday we are given a weekly assignment.
it was quite difficult. She kept very distant from me.
You know, that “hometown-honey” phenomenon: she 2 7 A)
arrived at college attached to her boyfriend from high TAPESCRIPT
school, and spent her time either talking to him on her
mobile, or writing long letters and crying. It took her I’m in Davis, well... it’s been six weeks already, just
about half a year to notice that there’s a whole other finished my 4th week of classes... Yes, life here is
world out there. measured in weeks — according to the syllabi and the
Interviewer: Yes, you kind of break all the connections amount of work to be done. My life is pretty much —
you had before and start a new life. Adult life, by the studying, studying, studying. Meaning — no life!
way. And in adult life money plays an important role. College is very different from schools in terms of the
Were there any comments about money in your survey? community both of students and professors, demands
Jessica: Sure. Learning to live with a slim wallet is the and expectations from you. A LOT OF WORK!!! Every
thing almost all freshmen face. Even if your parents are week I get about 1000—1500 pages to read on average,
well-off and keep supporting you, it’s never enough. plus those weekly writing assignments, e.g. papers,
Interviewer: Is it possible for a freshman to find a job? briefs, reviews... whatever, that’s not very fun stuff. So
Jessica: Most colleges offer campus jobs. I had two jobs far I’ve been making very average progress, struggling
during my freshman year. But if I had to do it again I to self-discipline... Most recent news is that I’ve finally
would have gone the first year without a job. It might got a computer, it’s making my life much easier (now I
have given me more time to enjoy the first year the can do all-nighters writing papers...).
way I imagined it. Fm taking three classes in my major area of study.
Interviewer: Thank you, Jessica. They are 3-hour seminar sessions and include History,
Home Politics, and International Political Economy...
m Fm feeling like an absolute idiot among all those
l.F; 2.T; З.Т; 4.T; 5.F; 6.F; 7.T; 8.T; 9.F; 10.F; ll.T . oh-so-sophisticated colleagues of mine, every time
I open my mouth to say something in class — I feel
ЕЯ that I am saying something absolutely stupid!!!
l)f; 2)b; 3)j; 4)a; 5)d; 6)c; 7)e; 8)h; 9)g; 10)i. I’ve also opted for a couple of extra classes — they
are Spanish, French and Fm thinking of taking
Ш Mathematics as well but it will mean even more work,
1. to tailor to; 2. to figure out; 3. to go to optional so Fm not sure.
review sessions; 4. to drift off; 5. to cite; 6. to include But, in fact, I love people here, we’ve got a great
a catchphrase; 7. to proofread; 8. to glance through community of students. There aren’t many of us
a blue book; 9. notes on lectures; 10. to get/ have freshmen — I think fifty or something, and about 30%
a second wind; 11. to fight tooth and nail; 12. to keep are never around cuz they’re either working, or just
a close eye on smb or smth. not willing to study, but the rest are fun and smart.
So far, classes and studying and learning have been
2 6 A)
very challenging and rewarding, despite a lot of work
weekly assignments; average progress; sophisticated I finally feel that I am actually learning something
students; challenging and rewarding studying; important and applicable!
applicable knowledge; university-related people. Other than school — well, Fm playing tennis,
a colleague of mine a few years ahead of me in
EEI31 the department is an excellent player, so we hit
1. In my course of General Linguistics Fm getting once-twice a week, there are also a couple of girls
applicable knowledge. I met who are very good, so at least I get to get
2. Studying at this University is challenging and out and exercise. On Saturdays my roommate and
rewarding. I go to American football games, sometimes to the

415
 Tapescripts and answer key section
bar. Most of the time it’s just all about reading of them too though it is rather strange because I always
and reading. Besides shopping for food, cooking pass them well and haven’t failed a single exam. But
and watching our favorite TV show from 7 to all the same every time before the exam I get nervous.
8 pm. My roomie is cool, we are taking the same And do you know any way to get over your fear of
classes, and go along very well (hey, she’s got a tiny exams?
kitten... HURRAY!!!). The town o f Davis is small, 3. Tom became very tired of working at his French and
mostly university-related people, I got a great bike felt sleepy, but a mug of steaming coffee woke him up
for myself and enjoy rides — there’s practically no and gave him a second wind. He again set about the
public transportation, and everybody gets around translation with enthusiasm.
by bike, it takes about 3—4 minutes from campus 4. At school Sue always got good marks in Algebra
downtown, and all the shopping is nearby... Finally and Geometry. She liked not only to do difficult sums
I’m learning all those traffic rules! herself but also to explain new material to those who
OK, that’s in brief all about my life here. fell/ lagged behind the class because of some illness
and couldn’t cope with it themselves. So after leaving
2 7 B) school she went to university and did Mathematics for
1. measured in weeks four years. Then for two years she trained as a Maths
2. demands and expectations teacher in a Teacher Training College. There she got
3. 3-hour seminar sessions her Master’s degree and now teaches children in on
4. go along one of the schools in London.
5. from campus downtown 5. Martin failed his History exam and had to sit it
6. opted for again. He was frustrated but realized that his failure
7. on average was explained by several reasons. First of all, his
attendance and performance during the term were
КТП rather poor. As he had nobody to pay his fees for
l.F; 2.F; 3.T; 4.T; 5.T; 6.T; 7.F; 8.T; 9.T; 10.T. education, he had to earn money himself. He worked
as a barman at a night club and studied during the day.
m Sometimes at lectures he felt that his attention drifted
1. I have always had a flare for foreign languages. My away and he was falling asleep. Secondly, he hated to
favourite subjects at school were English, Russian and cram/ swot but History course was full of dates and
Ukrainian Literature. That’s why I decided to go to events that had to be learned by heart. Thirdly, he
the foreign languages department where I can major didn’t have all lecture notes and didn’t go to optional
in these subjects. Besides I took the German language. review sessions. But he knew that he had to fight tooth
Before the entrance examinations I submitted all and nail for his Bachelor’s degree and the only way out
documents to the Admission Office and began to was to hit the books again.
revise for the exams. I passed two exams in English 6. Students’ routine differs from schoolchildren’s life.
and Ukrainian with excellent results. Now I am a full­ Being at university takes more discipline and self­
time student. Being a University student is difficult but policing. First of all, you have to keep to a rigid schedule,
interesting. Every day we have three double-periods: attend seminars and lectures and hand in all papers in
a lecture, a seminar and a practical class. Most of all time. You’d better make up your to-do list in the planner
I like to work in the language laboratory where I can beforehand (in advance). If I have some spare time, I
master my English and German. I devote much time spend it with my friends. We go to our favourite cafes
to my studies and I hope to make good progress. where we have coffee and desserts, listen to good music
2. In my life I haven’t met a single schoolchild or and chat. Perhaps, such lifestyle seems boring, but I like
a student who wouldn’t be afraid of exams. I am afraid it and I’m sure that I’m at the right place.

416
 “A WAY ТО SUCCESS” is
a multi-skill English course
for first-year university students
who major in English.
It combines a clear structure
and organisation with a flexible
approach to language work,
encouraging students to take
responsibility for their own
learning.
Additional key features
of the coursebook are:
•
authentic and near-authentic
listening and reading texts;
•
real-life functional
language;
•
exposure to cultural
diversity of English speaking
world;
•
contemporary issues
of interest to young
adults;

creative,
task-based
activities;

skills integration
with a special emphasis
on writing for real communicative
purposes
♦