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Review Module - Geotechnical Engineering (Atterberg'S Limits)

This document discusses permeability and hydraulic conductivity concepts and tests. It provides definitions of key terms like Darcy's Law, coefficient of permeability, hydraulic gradient, and seepage velocity. It also describes different laboratory and field permeability tests including constant head, falling head, and pumping well tests. Methods to determine equivalent permeability in stratified soils are presented. The document concludes with problems applying the permeability test concepts.

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Yang Rhia
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
724 views7 pages

Review Module - Geotechnical Engineering (Atterberg'S Limits)

This document discusses permeability and hydraulic conductivity concepts and tests. It provides definitions of key terms like Darcy's Law, coefficient of permeability, hydraulic gradient, and seepage velocity. It also describes different laboratory and field permeability tests including constant head, falling head, and pumping well tests. Methods to determine equivalent permeability in stratified soils are presented. The document concludes with problems applying the permeability test concepts.

Uploaded by

Yang Rhia
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Review MODULE – GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING (ATTERBERG’S LIMITS)

PERMEABILITY

A material is permeable if it contains


continuous voids.

Darcy’s Law

It states that the velocity of flow of water


through saturated soil is directly proportional to
the hydraulic gradient.

V=ki or Q=kiA
LABORATORY METHODS OF DETERMINING
V=discharge velocity HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY

i=hydraulic gradient Constant Head Permeability Test

A=cross sectional area of the sample A test in which the hydraulic gradient is
perpendicular to the direction of flow. constant throughout the duration of
experiment.
K=coefficient of permeability / hydraulic
conductivity.

Seepage Velocity/Interstitial Velocity

Vs = V/n

Problem 1

From the figure shown, the thickness of a


permeable soil layer is 1.1m making an angle of
14 deg with the horizontal. K=4.87 x 10 -2
cm/sec, e= 0.7.

1. Compute the hydraulic gradient.


2. Compute the rate of flow.
3. Determine the seepage velocity.
Lq aL h
k= k= ln ⁡( 1 )
^¿ ¿ At h2

K=coefficient of permeability K=coefficient of permeability

L=length of the sample a=cross sectional area of standpipe

h=constant head difference L=length of the sample

t=duration of experiment t=duration of the experiment

A=cross sectional area of the sample h1=initial head difference at t=0

Problem 2 h2=final head difference at time =t

A sand sample of 35sq.cm cross sectional area Problem 3


and 20cm long was tested in a constant head
permeameter. Under a head of 60 cm, the For a variable head permeability test, the
discharge was 120 ml in 6 min. Determine the following data are given
hydraulic conductivity in cm/sec.
Length of specimen = 200mm
Falling Head Test
Area of soil specimen = 1000sq.mm
A test in which the hydraulic gradient is
continuously hanging through the duration of Area of standpipe = 40 sq.mm
experiment.
Head difference at time t=0 is 500mm

Head difference at t=3min is 300mm

1. Compute the hydraulic conductivity if


the soil in cm/sec.
2. What was the head difference at
time=100sec?

Temperature Correction

It is customary to report the hydraulic


conductivity of the soil at standard temperature
of 20 degrees, but this standard temperature is
not usually met that’s why temperature
correction must be applied if the temperature
during test is not 20 degrees.
RT =2.42−0.475lnT H2=hydraulic head at nearer observation well

Problem 4

1. If the test temperature test in problem Problem 5


2 is 40 degrees, compute the corrected
value of hydraulic conductivity. A 500 mm diameter test well penetrates 30m,
2. If the test temperature is 10 degrees in below the static water table. After 2545 hours
problem 3, compute the corrected of pumping at 80 liters/sec. The water level in
value of hydraulic conductivity. an observation well at a distance of 100m from
the test well is lowered 0.5m and the
PERMEABLITY TEST FROM PUMPING WELLS observation well at a distance 40m from the
test well, the drawdowns is 1.1m.
A. Well in unconfined aquifer underlain
by an impermeable layer 1. What is the rate of flow in cu.cm per
day?
2. Compute the coefficient of permeability
of the aquifer in m/day.
3. Determine the drawdown in the test
well.
B. Well in a confined aquifer underlain by
an impermeable layer

r1
Qln( )
r2
k=
π ( h12−h22 )

K=coefficient of permeability

Q=rate of discharge r1
Qln( )
r2
R1=the farther distance from the center of the k=
2 πt( h1−h2 )
well

R2=the nearer distance from the center of the K=coefficient of permeability


well
Q=rate of discharge
H1=hydraulic head at farther observation well
R1=the farther distance from the center of the HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVTY IN STRATIFIED
well SOILS Equivalent Horizontal Conductivity

R2=the nearer distance from the center of the k 1 H 1 + k 2 H 2+ k 3 H 3


k eq=
well H

H1= hydraulic head at farther observation well ∑kH


k eq=
∑H
H2=hydraulic head at nearer observation well
Equivalent Vertical Conductivity
t=thickness of the aquifer
H h
Transmissibility of the aquifer =∑
k eq k
r1
Qln( ) Problem 7
r2
T=
2 π ( z 2−z 1) The data for stratified soil were given as
follows:
Or

T =kt Layer Depth K

Z2 and z1 are corresponding drawdown


1 4m 5cm/hr
Problem 6
2 8m 3cm/hr
A permeability pumping test was carried out in
a confined aquifer with the piezometric level
before pumping is 2.18 m below the ground 3 12m 2cm/hr
surface. The aquiclude has a thickness of 5.7m
measured from the ground surface and the
Determine the equivalent horizontal and
confined aquifer is 7,6m deep until it reaches
vertical coefficient of permeability.
the aquiclude layer at the bottom. At a steady
pumping rate of 15.6 cu.m/hr the drawdown in Problem 8
the observation wells were respectively equal
to 1.62m and 0.47m. The distance of the Figure shows three layers of soil in a tube.
observation wells from the center of the of the Water is supplied to maintain a constant head
test wells were 15m and 32m respectively. difference of 300mm across the sample. The
hydraulic conductivities of soils in the direction
1. Compute the coefficient of of flow through them are as follows:
permeability.
2. Compute the transmissibility of the
impermeable layer. SOI K(cm/sec)
L
A 2x10-3
FLOW NETS
B 3.7x10-

C 1.2x10-4

Seepage through Isotropic Soil:

KH N f
q=
Nd

Seepage through Isotropic Soil:

H Nf
1. Determine the velocity of the flow. q=√ k x k z
Nd
2. Determine hA and hB

Problem 9 Nf = No. of flow channel

If the cross sectional area of the tank is 0.5 Nd = No. of potential drop
sq.m. Determine the effective stresses at points
K= coefficient of permeability
A and B. If the hydraulic conductivity K=0.12
cm/sec, and the rate of seepage is 0.3 liters/sec. Problem 10

The flow net for flow around a single row of


sheet piles in a permeable soil layer is shown,
determine

a. How high (above the ground surface)


the water will rise if piezometers are
placed?
b. The rate of seepage through the
permeable layer per unit length.

“Push yourself because no


one else is going to do it”

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