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Eastman Coatings: Formulating Acid-Catalyzed Wood Coatings: What You Need To Succeed

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163 views

Eastman Coatings: Formulating Acid-Catalyzed Wood Coatings: What You Need To Succeed

Uploaded by

manoj
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Eastman Coatings

Featured in the September 2004 issue of Paint & Coatings Industry, this is the first in a series of articles regarding
the 'Nuts and Bolts' of formulating. The author, Andy Simm, discusses formulating techniques and conversion
varnish components necessary for successful formulations of acid-catalyzed wood coatings in the United States.

Formulating Acid-Catalyzed Wood Coatings: What You Need to Succeed

Acid-catalyzed finishes have been used for years in and chemical resistance, melamine resins can be
a variety of wood coatings applications, including used in combination with ureas in conversion
cabinetry and office furniture. Typical acid-catalyzed varnish. Urea resins are supplied at 60% to 100%
alkyd/amino systems, commonly described as solids, while melamine resins normally used in
“conversion varnish,” exhibit fast cure speed at conversion varnish are supplied at over 90% solids.
ambient or low bake conditions. They are used for They are generally not used alone because wood
their durability and resistance to household substrates cannot be baked at temperatures
chemicals and moisture. Formulation challenges required for rapid melamine cure, but they cure
include potlife, sag, discoloration, weather more slowly at low temperatures.
conditions and cure speed, to name just a few.
Alkyd Resins
This article will provide an overview of formulating As a primary binder, alkyd resins are a critical
techniques and the various components that go into ingredient in a coating formulation. Short oil coconut
a conversion varnish. You can use this information alkyds are the most commonly used, imparting low
as a basis from which to tailor a formulation to meet color and good cure response. They exhibit good
your specific needs. adhesion, provide an excellent appearance in the
finished film and are relatively inexpensive. They
Formulating Techniques are commonly supplied in toluene or xylene, but are
Before beginning to formulate a conversion varnish, also available in non-HAP (Hazardous Air Pollutant)
there are several things to consider. The solids solvents, typically at 60% to 75% solids. A typical
content of clear conversion varnish is normally 30% alkyd-amino conversion varnish is described in
to 50%, with around 40% being most common. Table 1.
Products are formulated to allow an 8-hour potlife
under typical conditions, although hot or humid Table 1
conditions decrease potlife. There is also a recoat Typical Acid-Catalyzed Alkyd-Amino Topcoat
“window,” during which time a second coat may be
applied without lifting. This, too, can be affected by
Component Weight %.
temperature, humidity and air movement.
Troubleshooters often address these problems by Part A:
varying the catalyst level or solvent addition. Cure
speed can also be adjusted by choice of resins, Duramac 1205 (RSM) 33.0
catalyst level and solvent blend. Occasionally, CAB 19-1012 (Akzo Resins) 26.0
(cellulose acetate butyrate) is used to add a
measure of physical drying to a formula. The Cymel 303 (Cytec) 2.2
solvent composition, in combination with flow and Xylene 9.6
wetting agents, is used to adjust the flow properties
and appearance on a given substrate. Toluene 8.0

The remainder of this article discusses the various n-Butyl alcohol 10.5
components commonly used when formulating
conversion varnish. Denatured ethanol 5.5

VM&P Naphtha 5.0


Conversion Varnish Components
SF-69 (General Electric) 2% in toluene 0.1
Amino Resins
Urea resins, the most common amino resin in BYK 300 (BYK Chemie) 0.1
conversion varnish, are used for their low cost and
cure speed. They react rapidly at low temperature Total 100.0
when catalyzed with strong acids. The most Part B
commonly supplied alkylated ureas are methylated,
Catalyze 4% on weight with 40% paratoluene sulfonic
butylated and isobutylated types. To increase water acid (p-TSA) in n-butyl alcohol.
Vinyl Resins Cellulose Acetate Butyrate
Vinyl resins are often used in formulating acid cure Cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB) can be used as an
sealers because of the toughness, good adhesion additive to increase viscosity for reduced solids
and excellent chemical resistance they impart to a application, improved dry rates and sag resistance.
coating film. At higher levels, CAB can be used to formulate
conversion varnish with fast physical drying
Acrylic Resins properties, as shown in Table 3. CAB is also
Though not as common as alkyds, acrylic polyols resistant to yellowing. In combination with acrylic
can be used to formulate acid-catalyzed finishes resins, mentioned above, it helps formulators create
with improved color stability. Acid-catalyzed acrylic a conversion varnish with excellent color stability,
formulas are often used for applications where as shown in Table 2.
resistance to yellowing is critical. Table 2 shows an
example of an acid-catalyzed acrylic conversion Table 3
varnish. Fast-Drying Acid-Catalyzed CAB-Alkyd-Urea
Topcoat
Table 2
Acid-Catalyzed Acrylic Topcoat
Component Weight %.

Component Weight %. Part A:

Part A: Eastman CAB 553-0.4 8.0

n-Butyl alcohol 6.2 Beckosol 12-035 (Reichhold) 19.8

Toluene 8.0 Cymel 303, 100% (Cytec) 3.5

Eastman PM acetate 8.4 Cymel U-BD, 96% (Cytec) 6.5

MEK 5.0 SF-69, 1% in xylene (General Electric) 0.6

Eastman PM solvent 13.0 Xylene 6.6

MPK 8.0 n-Butyl acetate 10.0

Tecsol C, anhydrous (Eastman) 16.0 Tecsol C, anhydrous (Eastman) 20.0

Eastman CAB 553-0.4 9.0 n-Butyl alcohol 14.6

Paraloid AU-60B (Rohm & Haas) 12.4 Methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) 8.0

Cymel 303 (Cytec) 2.2 Part B:

Resimene U-933 (Solutia) 9.5 p-TSA, 50% in n-Butyl alcohol 2.4

BYK 333 (BYK Chemie) 0.1 Total 100.0

Dehydran ARA 7219 (Henkel) 0.2


Additives
Part B: There are several additional additives commonly
p-TSA, 40% in n-Butyl alcohol 2.0 used to improve surface slip, wetting and mar
resistance. Silica is commonly used for gloss
Total 100.0 control, while waxes are used to improve mar and
surface slip and may contribute to gloss control. UV
Solvents absorbers are also used (1-2%) in some formulas
Conversion varnish has traditionally contained high where resistance to discoloration is critical.
levels of alcohol and aromatic hydrocarbon
solvents. Alcohols are still used as a major portion
of the solvent blend. While toluene and xylene are
still found in most formulas, ester solvents and
aliphatic hydrocarbons have replaced a portion of
the aromatics in many formulas due to HAP
regulations.
Formulating Acid-Catalyzed Wood Coatings: What You Need to Succeed

About Eastman’s Coatings Business


For more than 70 years, Eastman has been a leading Material Safety Data Sheets providing safety
provider of high-quality raw materials and services for precautions, that should be observed when handling
the global paint and coatings industry. Today, and storing Eastman products, are available online
Eastman provides a comprehensive portfolio of or by request. You should obtain and review the
solvents, coalescents, cellulose esters, adhesion available material safety information before handling
promoters and resin intermediates used in any of these products. If any materials mentioned
conventional, high-solids, waterborne and powder are not Eastman products, appropriate industrial
hygiene and other safety precautions recommended
coatings for architectural, automotive and industrial
by their manufacturers should be observed.
applications.
Neither Eastman Chemical Company nor its
With its in-depth understanding of the coatings market marketing affiliates shall be responsible for the use
and technology-based innovation, Eastman is helping of this information, or of any product, method or
customers meet the demands of a dynamic regulatory apparatus mentioned, and you must make your own
environment and deliver value creating solutions to determination of its suitability and completeness for
the changing market needs. In providing world-class your own use, for the protection of the environment
technical service, Eastman demonstrates its and for the health and safety of your employees and
commitment to helping its customers deliver the most purchasers of your products. NO WARRANTY IS
cost-effective solutions to meet the challenging MADE OF THE MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS
performance and environmental requirements in OF ANY PRODUCT, AND NOTHING HEREIN
today’s marketplace. WAIVES ANY OF THE SELLER’S CONDITIONS
OF SALE.
Eastman Chemical Company
Corporate Headquarters
P.O. Box 431 Eastman and Tecsol are trademarks of Eastman
Kingsport, TN 37662-5280 U.S.A. Chemical Company.
Telephone:
U.S.A. and Canada, 800-EASTMAN (800-327-8626) © Eastman Chemical Company, 2005.
Other Locations, (1) 423-229-2000
Fax: (1) 423-229-1193 Publication GN-473
www.eastman.com March 2005

EASTMAN

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