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Moment of Inertia PDF

Moment of inertia is a measure of an object's resistance to changes in its rotation rate, and is determined by integrating the distances of its parts from a given axis. It can be calculated for common shapes using formulas. The moment of inertia of a composite shape is the sum of the moments of inertia of its individual parts. The parallel axis theorem relates the moment of inertia about parallel axes. Radius of gyration is a measure used in structural mechanics and relates moment of inertia to an equivalent uniform circular area.

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1K views18 pages

Moment of Inertia PDF

Moment of inertia is a measure of an object's resistance to changes in its rotation rate, and is determined by integrating the distances of its parts from a given axis. It can be calculated for common shapes using formulas. The moment of inertia of a composite shape is the sum of the moments of inertia of its individual parts. The parallel axis theorem relates the moment of inertia about parallel axes. Radius of gyration is a measure used in structural mechanics and relates moment of inertia to an equivalent uniform circular area.

Uploaded by

Bernalyn Manaog
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Moment of Inertia

What is Moment of Inertia?

 Integral of the second moment of the area,


such as
𝑰 = න 𝒙𝟐 𝒅𝑨

𝑰𝒙 = න 𝒚𝟐 𝒅𝑨
𝑨

𝑰𝒚 = න 𝒙𝟐 𝒅𝑨
𝑨

𝑱𝒐 = න 𝒓𝟐 𝒅𝑨 = 𝑰𝒙 + 𝑰𝒚
𝑨
Parallel-Axis Theorem for an Area

 The moment of inertia of an area about an axis is equal to


the moment of inertia of the area about a parallel axis
passing through the area’s centroid plus the product of
the area and the square of the perpendicular distance
between the axes.
_
𝐼𝑥 = 𝐼𝑥′ + 𝐴𝑑2 𝑦
_
𝐼𝑦 = 𝐼𝑦′ + 𝐴𝑑2 𝑥
_
𝐽𝑂 = 𝐽𝐶 + 𝐴𝑑 2 𝑥
Radius of Gyration of an Area

 The radius of gyration of a planar area has units


of length and is a quantity that is often used for
the design of columns in structural mechanics.

𝐼𝑥 𝐼𝑦 𝐽𝑂
𝑘𝑥 = 𝑘𝑦 = 𝑘𝑂 =
𝐴 𝐴 𝐴
Determine the moment of inertia for the rectangular area
shown with respect to:
(a) The centroidal x’ axis

ℎ/2
2
𝐼𝑥′ = න 𝑦′2 𝑑𝐴 = න 𝑦 ′ 𝑏𝑑𝑦 ′
𝐴 −ℎ/2
ℎ/2
= 𝑏න 𝑦′2 𝑑𝑦
−ℎ/2

𝑏ℎ3
=
12
Determine the moment of inertia for the rectangular area
shown with respect to:
(b) The axis xb passing through the base of the rectangle
_
𝐼𝑥 = 𝐼𝑥′ + 𝐴𝑑2 𝑦
2
𝑏ℎ3 ℎ
= + 𝑏ℎ
12 2
𝑏ℎ3
=
3
Determine the moment of inertia for the rectangular area
shown with respect to:
(c) The pole or z’ axis perpendicular to the x’-y’ plane and
passing through the centroid C
_ ℎ𝑏 3
𝐼𝑦′ =
12
_ _ _
𝐽𝐶 = 𝐼𝑥′ + 𝐼𝑦′
1
= 𝑏ℎ(ℎ2 + 𝑏 2 )
12
Moment of Inertia of Common Shapes
Moment of Inertia of Common Shapes
Example

A rectangular beam is 300 mm by 600 mm width is given.


Determine the polar moment of inertia and the radius of
gyration with respect to a polar axis through one corner O.
Moments of Inertia for Composite Areas

A composite area consists of a series of connected “simpler”


parts or shapes, such as semicircles, rectangles and
triangles. Provided the moment of inertia of each of these
parts is known or can be determined about a common axis,
then the moment of inertia of the composite area equals the
algebraic sum of the moments of inertia of all its parts.
Procedure for Analysis
The moment of inertia of a composite area about a reference axis can be
determined using the following procedure:
Composite Parts
• Using a sketch, divide the area into its composite parts and indicate the
perpendicular distance from the centroid of each part to the reference
axis.
Parallel-Axis Theorem
• The moment of inertia of each part should be determined about its
centroidal axis, which is parallel to the reference axis.
• If the centroidal axis does not coincide with the reference axis, the
parallel-axis theorem, I = I + Ad2, should be used to determine the
moment of inertia of the part about the reference axis.
Procedure for Analysis
The moment of inertia of a composite area about a reference axis can be
determined using the following procedure:

Summation
• The moment of inertia of the entire area about the reference axis is
determined by summing the results of its composite parts.
• If a composite part has a “hole”, its moment of inertia is found by
“subtracting” the moment of inertia for the hole from the moment of
inertia of the entire part including the hole.
Example

Determine the moment of inertia and radius of gyration with


respect to a polar centroidal axis of the cross section of a
hollow tube whose outside diameter is 600 mm and inside
diameter is 400 mm.
Example

A hollow square cross section consists of an 80 mm by 80 mm


square from which is subtracted a concentrically placed
square 40 mm by 40 mm. Find the polar moment of inertia
and the polar radius of gyration with respect to a z axis
passing through one of the outside corners.
Example
Determine the moment of inertia of the T-section with
respect to its centroidal Xo axis.
200

800 mm

200

800 mm
Example
Determine the moment of inertia of the area shown with
respect to its centroidal axes.

600
100

100

1200 mm

100
1200 mm

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