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Question#1: Evolutionary Model

The document discusses three software development lifecycle (SDLC) models: 1. Evolutionary model which develops software incrementally in successive versions. It is useful for large projects. Pros include avoiding large upfront costs and thorough testing of core modules. A con is difficulty dividing work into versions. 2. Prototyping model where prototypes are built, tested, and refined based on feedback until acceptable. Types include throwaway, evolutionary, incremental, and extreme prototypes. Pros are reducing rejection risk and quicker feedback. Cons include being slow and prototypes being discarded. 3. Spiral model which combines architecture and prototyping in stages with risk analysis emphasis. Pros are scalability and addressing risks earlier. A

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Faisal Mehmood
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112 views

Question#1: Evolutionary Model

The document discusses three software development lifecycle (SDLC) models: 1. Evolutionary model which develops software incrementally in successive versions. It is useful for large projects. Pros include avoiding large upfront costs and thorough testing of core modules. A con is difficulty dividing work into versions. 2. Prototyping model where prototypes are built, tested, and refined based on feedback until acceptable. Types include throwaway, evolutionary, incremental, and extreme prototypes. Pros are reducing rejection risk and quicker feedback. Cons include being slow and prototypes being discarded. 3. Spiral model which combines architecture and prototyping in stages with risk analysis emphasis. Pros are scalability and addressing risks earlier. A

Uploaded by

Faisal Mehmood
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Question#1

You have studied different software lifecycle models and project management
techniques in the Software Enginnering-1 Course. We have observed that various
software application types require different software engineering models and
techniques for their design and development. As you are appearing in your final
year project so discuss at least three SDLC model. Discuss its pros and cons as
well.
Answer:

Evolutionary Model:
Evolutionary model is also referred to as the successive versions model and sometimes
as the incremental model. In Evolutionary model, the software requirement is first
broken down into several modules that can be incrementally constructed and delivered.
The development first develops the core modules of the system. The core modules are
those that do not need services from the other modules. The initial product skeleton is
refined into increasing levels of capability by adding new functionalities in successive
versions. Each evolutionary model may be developed using an iterative waterfall model
of development.

The evolutionary model is each successive version/model of the product is a fully


functioning software capable of performing more work than the previous
versions/model.
The evolutionary model is normally useful for very large products, where it is easier to
find modules for incremental implementation.
Rough requirements specification

Identify the core and other parts to be developed incremental

Develop the core part using an iterative waterfall model

Collect customer feedback and modify requirements

Develop the next identifier feature using an water fall model

Maintenance

Advantages of Evolutionary Model:

 Large project: Evolutionary model is normally useful for very large products.


 Evolutionary model avoids the need to commit large resources in one go for
development of the system.
 The core modules get tested thoroughly, thereby reducing the chances of
errors in the core modules of the final products.
Disadvantages of Evolutionary Model:

 Difficult to divide the problem into several versions that would be acceptable to the
customer and which can be incrementally implemented and delivered.

Prototyping Model:

Prototype methodology is defined as a Software Development model in which a


prototype is built, test, and then reworked when needed until an acceptable prototype is
achieved. It also creates a base to produce the final system. Software prototyping model
works best in scenarios where the project's requirement are not known. It is an iterative,
trial, and error method which take place between the developer and the client.

Quick Build User Refining Implement


requirement prototyp & maintain
design prototype evaluation

Types of Prototyping Models:


1. Rapid Throwaway prototypes
2. Evolutionary prototype
3. Incremental prototype
4. Extreme prototype

Rapid Throwaway Prototype:

Rapid throwaway is based on the preliminary requirement. It is quickly developed to


show how the requirement will look visually. The customer's feedback helps drives
changes to the requirement, and the prototype is again created until the requirement
is baselined.
Evolutionary Prototyping:

Here, the prototype developed is incrementally refined based on customer's feedback


until it is finally accepted. It helps you to save time as well as effort. That's because
developing a prototype from scratch for every interaction of the process can
sometimes be very frustrating.

Incremental Prototyping:

In incremental Prototyping, the final product is decimated into different small


prototypes and developed individually. Eventually, the different prototypes are
merged into a single product. This method is helpful to reduce the feedback time
between the user and the application development team.

Extreme Prototyping:

Extreme prototyping method is mostly used for web development. It is consists of


three sequential phases.

1. Basic prototype with all the existing page is present in the HTML format.
2. You can simulate data process using a prototype services layer.
3. The services are implemented and integrated into the final prototype.

Advantages of the Prototyping Model:

 There will be hardly any chance of software rejection.


 Quicker user feedback helps you to achieve better software development
solutions.
 Allows the client to compare if the software code matches the software
specification.
 It helps you to find out the missing functionality in the system.

Disadvantages of the Prototyping Model:

 Prototyping is a slow and time taking process.


 The cost of developing a prototype is a total waste as the prototype is ultimately
thrown away.
 Prototyping may encourage excessive change requests.
 Some times customers may not be willing to participate in the iteration cycle for
the longer time duration.
Spiral SDLC Model:

Spiral model – is SDLC model, which combines architecture and prototyping by stages.
It is a combination of the Iterative and Waterfall SDLC models with the significant
accent on the risk analysis. The main issue of the spiral model – is defining the right
moment to make a step into the next stage. The preliminary set time frames are
recommended as the solution to this issue. The shift to the next stage is done according to
the plan, even if the work on the previous stage isn’t done yet. The plan is introduced
basing on the statistic data, received during the previous projects even from the personal
developer’s experience.

ADVANTAGES OF SPIRAL MODEL:

 The development process is precisely documented yet scalable to the changes

 The earlier working prototype is done - sooner users can point out the flaws
 The scalability allows to make changes and add new functionality even at the
relatively late stages  

 Lifecycle is divided into small parts, and if the risk concentration is higher, the
phase can be finished earlier to address the treats

DISADVANTAGES OF SPIRAL MODEL:

 Big number of the intermediate stages requires excessive documentation


 The risk control demands involvement of the highly-skilled professionals

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