1.

1 ALGEBRAIC EXPRESSIONS
A. ALGEBRAIC EXPRESSIONS
B. OPEN SENTENCE AND
EQUATIONS
C. FIRST DEGREE EQUATIONS
IN ONE VARIABLE

1.2 INEQUALITIES
A. SOLVING INEQUALITIES

1.3 LINEAR EQUATIONS WITH TWO

VARIABLES
A. THE COORDINATE PLANE
B. LINEAR EQUATIONS IN TWO
VARIABLES
C. SOLVING SYSTEMS OF LINEAR
EQUATIONS

1.4 LINEAR INEQUALITIES IN TWO

VARIABLES

..................................................................................................................................... 1.5 QUADRATIC EQUATIONS

............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................ 1.6 WORD PROBLEMS
........................................................................................
 Objectives A.ALGEBRAIC EXPRESSIONS
After studying this section you will be 1. Translating Phrases to Algebraic Expressions
able to:
1. Translate a verbal phrase to an In our daily life we are face to some problems. In order to get over these
algebraic expression. problems we must know how to use algebra as a tool. So, we must be able
2. Define open sentence and basic to translate verbal phrases into algebraic expressions.
concept of equation.
Suppose you are 15 years old now.
3. Solve first degree equations in one
unknown by using properties of After 1 year, you will be (15 + 1) years old.
equality.
4. Solve general linear equations.
After 2 years you will be (15 + 2) years old.
5. Understand how to apply strategies of After 3 years you will be (15 + 3) years old.
solving equations to problems.
After x years you will be (15 + x) years old.
Here, x represent one or more numbers, x is called a variable.

Definition
AL-KHWARIZMI (780-850)
One of the first books about
A variable is a letter that is used to represent a numerical quantity. Usually we
algebra was written in Arabic by a use letters such as x, y, z, t, n for variables.
ninety-century scientist named
Muhammed Ýbn Musa Al-Khwarizmi. 15 + x represent your age after x years and 15 + x is called an algebraic
The title of the book was shortened expression.
to al-jabr, now spelled Algebra.
The word algebra comes from
part of the Arap title that means Definition
equals can be added to both sides An algebraic expression is combinations of numbers, variables operations
of an equation. Al-Khwarizmi used
his al-jabr to help him in his scien- and grouping signs.
tific work in geography and
astronomy. Here are some examples of algebraic expressions.
x+5
3y
2x + 5y
Algebraic expressions can contain –3t2
more than one variable.
5(n – 2)
3ab(n – m)
The following table will help to translate verbal phrases to algebraic
3⋅y, 3 × y and 3y represent same thing expressions. These key words and key phrases are represent the operations
we will show by 3y. of addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.

Equations 3
 Symbol Verbal Phrase Algebraic expression
A number plus 4 x+4
The sum of y and 7 y+7
A number added to 6 z+6
3 more than a number t+3
5 greater than n n+5
k increased by 12 k + 12

9 minus a number 9–a

The difference of x and y x–y
5 less then a number b–5
4 subtracted from t t–4
A number decreased by 8 c–8

6 times a number 6.a

The product of m and n m.n
11 multiplied by a number 11 . x

twice k 2.k
l
half of l
2

10
10 divided by a number
x
a
The quotient of a and b
b

The ratio of s and t s

t

1.1
Translate each verbal phrase a. 13 + x
into an algebraic expression. b. 3y – 5
a. 13 more than a number. c. z2 – 7
b. 5 less than three times a
number.
c. The square of a number
decreased by 7.

4 Pre-Algebra 2
 1.2
Translate each verbal phrase a. x2 + 6
into an algebraic expression.
a2
b.
a. 6 more than the square of a 8
number. c. 4 ⋅ y2
b. The quotient of a number
squared and 8.
c. The product of a number
squared and 4.

1.3
In a restaurant you must pay 50
cent for each lahmacun you ate TOTAL Price per Number of Price per glass Number of
= ⋅ + ⋅
and 30 cent for each glass of PRICE lahmacun lahmacun of ayran glass of ayran
ayran you drank. Write an
expression for total price.
Let x be the number of lahmacun and y be the number of glass of ayran.
TOTAL PRICE = 50 ⋅ x + 3 ⋅ y.

1.4
Write an expression for the perimeter of each figure. The perimeter of a figure is the sum of the lenghts of
a. b. its sides.
a y
a. Perimeter of square = a + a + a + a = 4a.

a a x
b. Perimeter of rectangle = x + y + x + y = 2 ⋅ (x+y)
c. The primeter of triangle = a + b + c
a d. Perimeter = x + x + 2 + 5 + x + 1 + x – 1 + x

c. d. = 5x + 7.
5
e. Perimeter = 2 ⋅ [x + 3 + 2 + x + 1 + 2 + x + 3]
a b x
x
= 2 ⋅ [3x + 11] = 6x + 22.
x-1
x+
2 1
x+
c

e. x+
3 2 2 3
x+ x+1

x+ x+1 3
3 2 2 x+

Equations 5
 1.5
Write an expression for the area of each figure. a. Area of square = a ⋅ a = a2.
a. a b. y c. b. Area of rectangle = x ⋅ y
m⋅n
n c. Area of triangle =
a x 2

1. Translate each word phrase to algebraic expression. 3. Write the algebraic expression for the perimeter of
the following geometric figures.
a. 13 less than a number.
b. The product of –3 and a number. a. b.

c. 15 divided by a number. a a z
d. A number multiplied by 6. x

e. The quotient of the square of a number and a y

another number.
c. b d. m+3
f. 5 more than a number multiplied by 3. b

g. 7 times a number less than 15. m+1

m
b
b m+2
2. Match.
b
a. The quotient of a number 1. 5 ⋅ (x + 4)
Answer each of the following with an algebraic
squared and 5 more than
expression. Let x be Ahmet’s age now.
another number. 2. 2 ⋅ (x – 3)
a. What was Ahmet’s age 5 years ago?
b. The product of 3 less than a
b. Betul is 3 years older then Ahmet. Represent
number and 12.
x2 Betul’s age now.
3.
c. 5 times the sum of 4 and a 5+ y
c. What was Betul’s age 7 years ago?
number.
d. The quotient of a number and 5
4. a +
the product of 9 and another b
number.
e. The sum of a number and the 5. (x – 3) ⋅12
quotient of 5 and another number.
f. Twice the difference of a number 6. m
9 ⋅n
and 3.
6 Pre-Algebra 2
 B.OPEN SENTENCE AND EQUATIONS
Definition
An expression is called statement (or proposition) if it contains an assertion
which can be assigned as true or false meaningfully.

For example,
a. 3 + 5 = 8 (a true statement)
b. A week contains 8 days? (a false statement)
c. Is this a pen? (Since there is no assertion in sentence this is not a
statement)
d. The volume of a cube is negative (This sentence is not meaningful. So, it
is not a statement)
e. 7 > 9 (A false statement)

Definition
An equation is a statement which contains an equality (=) symbol between
two expressions.

In the equation 2x + 7 = 11, the expression 2x + 7 is on the left hand side,

and 11 is on the right hand side. The letter x is called the variable (or
unknown).

Variable (or unknown)

Coefficient 2 x + 7 = 11

Left Hand Side (LHS) Right Hand Side (RHS)

Some examples of equations are,

5 + 2 = 7, 9 – 3 = 6, 2x + 3 = 9, 4 – a = 9 and x2 + 2x = 3
As you see above, last three equations contain variables.

Definition
An equation is called an open sentence if it contains variable(s).

For example, the equation 5x – 4 = 11 is an open sentence. The open

sentence 5x – 4 = 11 might be true or false, depending on the value x.
If x = 3, the equation is true, because when we replace 3 for x, we get 11.
5 ⋅ (3) – 4 = 15 – 4 = 11 and false for any other choice of x.

Equations 7
 Definition
A number is called a solution of an equation if it makes the statement true.

For example, is 3 a solution of 3x – 12 = –3?

3x – 12 = –3
?
3 ⋅ (3) – 12 = –3 replace 3 for x.
?
9 – 12 = –3
–3 = –3. Since, –3 = –3 is true, 3 is a solution.

1.6
Is 2 a solution of 2x + 7 = 12? We substitute 2 for x.
2x + 7 = 12
?
2 ⋅ (2) – 7 = 12
?
4 + 7 = 12
Since, 11 = 12 is false, 2 is not a solution.
Why a replacement set is defined for a
variable in an equation?
Examine the following example. Definition
Let x represent the number of The set of numbers that may be substituted for the variable is called the
passengers on a 50 passengers bus. replacement set of an equation.
1
Can x be 40?, 20 ?, 0,5?, 100?,
2 The set of all numbers from the replacement set which make an equation true
π?, 0?
is called the solution set of equation.
x can be the natural number less than
or equal to 50. So, it can be 40 and 0.

1.7
Find the solution set of If a = 1, then If a = 2, then If a = 3, then
3 + 2a = 7 for the replacement 3 + 2a = 7 3 + 2a = 7 3 + 2a = 7
set {1, 2, 3}. 3 + 2 ⋅ (1) = 7 3 + 2 ⋅ (2) = 7 3 + 2 ⋅ (3) = 7
3+2=7 3+4=7 3+6=7
5 = 7 FALSE 7 = 7 TRUE 9 = 7 FALSE

Therefore, the solution set is {2}.

If two equations have the same solution set over the same replacement set
then they are called equivalent equations.
For example, 2x + 7 = 11 (S = {2}) and
x – 2 = 0 (S = {2}) are equivalent equations.

8 Pre-Algebra 2
 1.8
Find the solution set of If x = –1, then If x = 2, then If x = 3, then
3x + 8 = 12 for the replacement 3 ⋅ (–1) + 8 = 12 3 ⋅ (2) + 8 = 12 3 ⋅ (3) + 8 = 12
set {–1, 2, 3}. –3 + 8 = 12 6 + 8 = 12 9 + 8 = 12
5 = 12 FALSE 14 = 12 FALSE 17 = 12 FALSE

As you see above, there is no solution of this equation.

Definition
The solution set of an equation is called empty set when any number from the
replacement set does not satisfy the equation and it is denoted by { } or ∅.

Therefore the solution set for the equation in the previous example is empty.

1. Which one of the following is a statement? If it is a 3. Write left hand side of equation 3x + 5 = 8.
statement, determine whether it is true or false.
a. Write left hand side of equation
a. 4 is an even number.
3x + 5 = 8
b. In any right triangle the sum of the squares of b. Write left hand side of equation
legs is equal to the square of the hypotenuse.
5x – 2 = 3x + 4
c. 32 – 22 = 5
c. Write right hand side of equation
d. 3 + 5 = 9
3 = 7x – 1
e. 5x – 7
d. Write right hand side of equation
f. x > 5
5 – 3x = 3x – 5
g. 11 < 10

4. Tell whether the given number is a solution of the

equation or not.

a. x + 3 = 5 ... (2) b. x – 3 = 7 ... (4)

2. Tell whether each statement is an equation. c. x + 7 = 7 ... (0) d. y – 5 = 0 ... (–5)
a. 5x = 15 b. 3x – 7 e. 3z – (1 – z) = 11 ... (3) f. –3x + 1 = –8 ... (3)
c. 4x + y = 9x + 2 d. 3x – 5y = 4 g. –3 ⋅ (3 – 2x) + 7 = 16 ... (2
e. –3a + 1 = 3a + 1 h. 5 ⋅ (1 – 2x) + 5x + 1 = 1 ... (–1)
Equations 9
 C.FIRST DEGREE EQUATIONS IN ONE VARIABLE
In previous section we learned that an equation is a statement that two
expressions are equal we also learned whether a number is a solution of an
equation. In this section we will learn methods for finding solutions to
equations.
The easiest equations to solve are first degree equations.

Definition
A first degree equation (a linear equation) in one unknown is an equation that
The expression “first degree” means
can be written in the form ax + b = 0 where a and b are real numbers, a ≠ 0
that the power of variable x is one.
and x is variable.

An equation such as 3x + 2 = 0 is a linear equation,

3x + 5 = 17, 5x – 3 = 12, 7x = 14, 3x + 5 = 7x – 11 and
3(x + 2) = 14 – x are also linear equations because these equations could be
written in the form ax + b = 0 using us learn equality and its properties.

1. Equality and its Properties

Let us solve the equation x – 3 = 4.
Our goal is to isolate variable as, variable = number (x = a number)
We can remove 3 by adding 3 to both sides.
x – 3 + 3 = 4 + 3 (Add 3 to both side)
x + 0 = 7 (Simplify each side)
x=7
Let’s solve the same equation by using
Think of an equation like a balance
balance scale idea.
scale. To keep the scale in balance
what you add to one side you must We can think of the scale shown on
also add to the other side.
the right as representing the equation
x – 3 = 4. The scale is in balance. To keep
the scale in balance add 3 to both sides.
Adding three grams to both sides will give
the result:
So, x = 7.

10 Pre-Algebra 2
 In general, adding same quantity to both sides does not change the equality.
In symbols,

Property
If a = b, then a + c = b + c.

1.9
Solve x – 4 = 9 over Z. x–4=9
x – 4 + 4 = 9 + 4 (Add 4 to both sides)
x = 13.
Let’s check the solution;
x–4=9
(13) – 4 = 9 (Replace 13 for x)
9 = 9.
Since 9 = 9, 12 is the solution of equality.

1.10
Find a if there are a + 5 grams Removing 5 grams from both sides will result,
on the left side and 8 grams on a+5=8
the right side of the scale.
a+5–5=8–5
a = 3.
In general, subtracting same quantity from both
sides does not change the equality.

Property
If a = b then a – c = b – c

1.11
Solve x + 7 = 11 over Z. x + 7 = 11
x + 7 – 7 = 11 – 7 (Subtract 7 from both sides)
x = 4.
Check:
x + 7 = 11 (Original equation)
(4) + 7 = 11 (Replace 4 for x)
11 = 11. So, 4 is the solution.

Equations 11
 Consider the scale at the right. Dividing into
two equal parts and removing one half from both
sides will give us
2x = 8
2x = 2 ⋅ 4 (Factorize 8 as 2 ⋅ 4)
2x 2⋅4
= (Divide both sides by 2)
2 2

2
1⋅x = 1⋅4 ( =1)
2
x = 4.
In general, dividing both sides by the same
nonzero number does not change the equality.

Property
a b
If a = b, then = , where c ≠ 0
c c

1.12
Solve 4x = 10 over Z. 4x = 20
4x 4⋅5
= (Divide both sides by 4)
4 4

4
1⋅x = 1⋅5 ( = 1)
4
x = 5.
Check:
4x = 20 (Original equation)
4 ⋅ (5) = 20 (replace 5 for x)
20 = 20 So, 5 is the solution.
Consider the scale at the right.
Since the weights on both sides are equal we can
double the weight on both sides.
x
= 3 (Original equation)
2
x
2 ⋅ = 3 ⋅ 2 (Multiply both sides by 2)
2
2
x = 6 (Simplify both sides, = 1)
2
In general, multiplying both sides by the same number does not change the
equality.

12 Pre-Algebra 2
 Property
If a = b, then a ⋅ c = b ⋅ c

1.13
x x
Solve = 4 over Z. =4
6 6
x
6⋅ = 4 ⋅ 6 (Multiply both sides by 6)
6
6
x = 24 (Simplify both sides, = 1)
6

Check:
x
= 4 (Original expression)
6
(24)
= 4 (Replace 24 for x)
6
4 = 4. So, 24 is the solution.

2. Solving General Linear Equations

All of the equations that we solved in previous section required only a single
application of a property of equality. In this section you will solve equations
that require more than one application of a property of equality.

Strategy for solving equations.

1. Use the distributive propety to remove any parentheses.
2. Combine like terms on each side of equation.
3. Apply the addition or subtraction properties of equality to get the variables
on one side of the equal sign and constants on the other.
4. Combine like terms if it is necessary.
5. Appy multiplication or division properties of equality to isolate the variable.
6. Check the result. (Replace the number for variable in original equation.)

Solving equations of the form

ax + b = 0
ax + b – b = 0 – b (Subtract b from both sides)
a x –b
= (Divide both sides by a)
a a
–b
x= (Simplify)
a

Equations 13
 1.14
Solve 2x – 5 = 0. To isolate x, first add 5 to each side, then divide each side by 2.
2x – 5 = 0 (Original equation)
2x – 5 + 5 = 0 + 5 (Add 5 to both sides)
2x = 5 (Simplify both sides)
2x 5
= (Divide both sides by 2)
2 2
5
x= (Simplify)
2
Check:
2x – 5 = 0 (Original equation)
5 5
2 ⋅ ( ) – 5 = 0 (Replace for x)
2 2
2
5–5=0 ( = 1)
2

5
So, is the solution.
2

1.15
Solve 2x + 3 = 7 over Z. 2x + 3 = 7 – 3 (Subtract 3 from both sides)
2x = 4
2x 4
= (Divide both sides by 2)
2 2

x = 2 (Simplify)
Check:
2x + 3 = 7
2(2) + 3 = 7
4+3=7
7 = 7.
So, 2 is the solution.

14 Pre-Algebra 2
 1.16
3 3
Solve – x + 5 = 2 over Z. – x + 5 – 5 = 2 – 5 (Subtract 5 from both sides)
4 4
3
– x = –3
4
–3
4 ⋅( x) = –3 ⋅ 4
4
–3x = –12

–3 x –12
= (Divide both sides by –3)
–3 –3

x = 4.
Check:
3
– x+5 = 2
4
3
– ⋅ 4 +5= 2
4
–3+ 5 = 2

2 = 2.

So, 4 is the solution.

1.17
3x – 4 3x – 4
Solve = 4 over Z. =4
5 5
3x – 4
5⋅ = 4 ⋅ 5 (Multiply both sides by 5)
5
3x – 4 = 20 (Simplify)
3x – 4 + 4 = 20 + 4 (Add 4 to both sides)

3x = 24 (Simplify)

3 x 24
= (Divide both sides by 3)
3 3
x = 8. (Simplify)

Equations 15
 Check:
3x – 4
= 4 (Original equation)
5
3 ⋅ (8) – 4
=4
5
24 – 4
=4
5
4 = 4. So, 8 is the solution.

3. Combining Like Terms

Definition
The terms with same variables and with same evponents are called like
terms.

5x and 3x are like terms.

3x and 7y are unlike terms.

To combine like terms we add or subtract their numerical coefficients and

keep the same variables with the same exponents.

For example, let us solve the equation 3x + 4x + 7x = 42

14 x 42
(3 + 4 + 7)x = 42, 14x = 42, = then x = 3.
14 14

1.18
Solve 4x + 12 + x = 27. 4x + 12 + x = 27
4x + x + 12 = 27
(4 + 1) ⋅ x + 12 = 27
5x + 12 = 27 (Simplify)
5x + 12 – 12 = 27 – 12 (Subtract 12 from both sides)
5x = 15 (Simplify)
5 x 15
= (Divide both sides by 5)
5 5
x = 3 (Simplify)
Check:
4x + 12x = 27
4 ⋅ (3) + 12 + (3) = 27
12 + 12 + 3 = 27
27 = 27.
16 Pre-Algebra 2
 Property
The Distributive Property.
The product of a and (b + c) is
1. a ⋅ (b + c) = a ⋅ b + a ⋅ c
2. (b + c) ⋅ a = b ⋅ a + c ⋅ a
3. a ⋅ (b – c) = a ⋅ b – a ⋅ c
4. (b – c) ⋅ a = b ⋅ a – c ⋅ a

For example, x+2

3 ⋅ (x + 2) = 3 ⋅ x + 3 ⋅ 2
3 Area = 3×(x + 2)
We can find the area of a rectangle whose
dimensions are 3 and (x + 2) by two ways.
1. As the area of a single rectangle, x 2
Area = 3 ⋅ (x + 2)
2. As the sum of the areas of two rectangles,
3 Area = 3×x Area=3×2
Area = 3 ⋅ x + 3 ⋅ 2
So, 3(x + 2) = 3x + 3 ⋅ 2.

1.19
Solve –2x + 3 ⋅ (2x – 4) = 8.
–2x + 3 ⋅ (2x – 4) = 8 (Remove parentheses)
–2x + 3 ⋅ 2x – 3 ⋅ 4 = 8 (Distributive property)
–2x + 6x – 12 = 8 (Combine like terms)
(–2 + 6)x – 12 = 8
4x – 12 = 8
4x – 12 + 12 = 8 + 12
4x = 20
4x 20
=
4 4
x = 5.
Equations 17
 4. Collecting Variable on the Same Side
When you collect the variables on the same side chose the side where the
greater coefficient of variable exists.

1.20
Solve 5x – 13 = –x + 5. 5x – 13 = –x + 5
5x + x – 13 = –x + x + 5 (To eliminate the –x from the right side, we
can add +x to both sides)
6x – 13 = 5
6x – 13 + 13 = 5 + 13 (Add 13 to both sides)
6x = 18
6 x 18
= (Divide both sides by 6)
6 6
x = 3. (Simplify)
Check:
5x – 13 = –x + 5
5 ⋅ 3 – 13 = –3 + 5
15 – 13 = –3 + 5
2 = 2. So, 3 is the solution.

Another way to perform the operations of adding and subtracting is removing

to the other side. However while removing to the other side sign must be
changed i.e.,
x+b=c

x+b=c–b
x=c–b
or
y–d=e

y–d=e+d
y=e+d

18 Pre-Algebra 2
 1.21
Solve 2x + 5 ⋅ (6 – 3x) = 7 – 4x.
2x + 5 ⋅ (6 – 3x) = 7 – 4x
2x + 5 ⋅ 6 – 5 ⋅ 3x = 7 – 4x
2x + 30 – 15x = 7 – 4x
30 – 13x = 7 – 4x

30 – 13x = 7 – 4x

30 – 7 = 13x – 4x
23 = 9x
23
= x.
9

1.22
Solve 3x – 5 = 13. 3x – 5 = 13 (Remove –5 a as 5)
3x = 13 + 5
3x = 18
3 x 18
=
3 3
x = 6.
Check:
3x – 5 = 13
3 ⋅ 6 – 5 = 13
18 – 5 = 13
13 = 13.

1.23
Solve 2⋅(5 – 4x) + 3x = 7x – 14. 2 ⋅ (5 – 4x) + 3x = 7x – 14
2 ⋅ 5 – 2 ⋅ 4 + 3x = 7x – 14
10 – 8x + 3x = 7x – 14

+14 10 – 5x = 7x – 14 +5x

14 + 10 = 7x + 5x
24 = 12x
24 12 x
=
12 12
2 = x.
Equations 19
 Definition
An equation which is true for all possible values of the variable is called an
identity.

For example, let us solve 2x + 6 = 2 ⋅ (x + 3)

2x + 6 = 2 ⋅ x + 2 ⋅ 3
2x + 6 = 2x + 6.
This equation is true for any value of x, because the two sides are identical.
So, the solution set is the set at all real numbers.

1.24
Solve 5 – 3 ⋅ (x – 6) + 3 = 3 – 2 ⋅ (x + 4) – (x – 30) + 1
5 – 3 ⋅ (x – 6) + 3 = 3 – 2 ⋅ (x + 4) – (x – 30) + 1. 5 – 3x – 18 + 3 = 3 – 2x + 8 – x + 30 + 1
–3x + 26 = –3x + 26
–3x = –3x 26 – 26
–3x = –3x
x = x.
So, the solution set is the set of all real numbers.

Note Definition
An impossible equation has no solution. An equation which is not true for any possible value of the variable is called
The solution set is the empty set, ∅. contradiction (or impossible equation).

For example, consider the equation x + 1 = x + 5.

If we subtract x from both sides we get
x–x+1=x–x+5
1 = 5 wich is false.
So, it is an impossible equation and solution set is empty.

1.25
Solve 5 ⋅ (x – 3) + 2 = 2 ⋅ (x + 4) + 3x
5 ⋅ (x – 3) + 2 = 2 ⋅ (x+4) + 3x. 5x – 15 + 2 = 2x + 8 + 3x
5x – 13 = 5x + 8
5x – 5x – 13 = 5x – 5x + 8
–13 = 8 contradiction. S = { }.

20 Pre-Algebra 2
 1.26
2x 4 2x 4
+3= . +3=
Solve x–2 x–2
x–2 x–2
2x 4
(x – 2) ⋅ ( + 3) = ⋅ (x – 2) (Multiply both sides by x – 2)
x–2 x–2
2x
(x – 2) ⋅ + 3 ⋅ (x – 2) = 4 (Distributive property)
x–2
2x + 3x – 6 = 4 (Simplify)

5x – 6 = 4 +6 (Move –6 to other side as +6)

5x = 4 + 6
5x = 10
5 x 10
= (Divide both sides by 5)
5 5
x = 2.
Check:
2x 4
+3= (Original equation)
x–2 x–2
2.2 4
+3= (Replace 2 for x)
2–2 2–2
4 4
+3= (As you know any number divided by zero is undefined)
0 0
So, the equation has no solution.

Equations 21
1. Solve each equation. Show your work and check 3. Solve each equation.
your answer.

a. x + 5 = 0 b. x – 4 = 0 x +1 x + 3
a. + =2
3 6
c. x + 3 = 7 d. y – 4 = –2

2 5 3 2
e. – z= f. – – m= –
3 6 5 5 3x +1
b. +15 = 3x
3
5 11
g. n+ = h. x – 4 = 0
6 6

i. x – 4 = 0 j. x – 4 = 0 x – 2 x+3 7
c. + =
3 4 12
x 7 3x 9
k. = l. =
3 12 2 2
x + 2 2x – 1 1
x d. – = x+
m. = –7 2 5 10
2

5x – 3 3x + 5 2(x +1)
e. – =
4 3 7
2. Solve each equation.

a. 6x – 14 = 4 b. 5 – 4x = 13 4x – 1 1– 3x 5x – 2
f. – =
6 4 3
3x + 7
c. 6 + 2x = 28 d. =5
2

8 – 5x 13+ 6x 3x – 2 4x + 7 1– 3x
e. =7 f. = –2 g. + – =1
3 4 3 6 12
g. 2 ⋅ (3 + x) = 6 h. –3 ⋅ (2 – x) = 9

i. 6 ⋅ (5x – 3) = 15 j. 3x + 2 ⋅ (1 + 3x) = 17 1
1–
x 1
h. =
k. –7x – 2 ⋅ (5 – 3x) = 10 1 2
1+
x
l. 8x – (3x – 5) = 15

m. 6 ⋅ (2 + 4x) + 5 ⋅ (4 – 3x) = 7x – 19 1
i. =2
x
1–
n. 7 ⋅ (2x + 1) + 12 = 5 ⋅ (2x – 2) 3x +1
22 Pre-Algebra 2
 1. Translate the following word phrases to algebraic 7. Solve each equation.
expressions:
a. –8x + 5 = –19 b. 3(4 – 2x) + 2 = 17
a. Seven times the difference of twice a number
5x – 4 7 – 13x
and 3. c. = –12 d. =5
2 3
b. The difference of a number and the quotient of
e. 4(2x + 5) – 3(4 – 2x) = 24
four times another number and five.
f. 2x – 3 ⋅ (6 + x) + 9(x – 1) = 2(3 – x) + 1
c. Eight more than the product of a number
squared and three. g. 5[4x – (x + 8)] = 6(2x – 1)
h. –2[9 – x + 3(x – 1)] = 3(2x – 4) – 6
2. In 1st football league each team gains 3 pts for
every victory and 1 pt for every draw. Write an
expression showing the total pts of a team in a 8. Solve each following equations.
season. x – 2 x +1 4x – 3 4–x
a. + =3 b. +2 =
3. Determine whether given number for each 4 2 6 3
equation is a solution or not. 3x +1 x + 4 2x – 7
c. – = 1+
a. x – 2 = 9 ... (11) b. a + 3 = 8 ... (4) 5 3 15

c. 4(x + 2) = 8 ... (0) d. –3(2x – 4) = 15 – (4) 5x +1 6 + x 4–x

d. + = 3x –
9 3 9
e. 5(3x – 7) + 6 = 16 ... (3)
4
f. –6(4 – 2x) – 7x + 5 = –5 ... (–1) 2–
3x 2
e. =
4. Find the solution set of the following equations for 4 5
2+
given replacement set. 3x

a. 5x + 2 = 17, {1, 2, 3, 4}
9. Solve each following equations.
b. –2x + 9 = 11, {–2, –1, 0, 1}
4 5 3x – 5 12
c. –(x – 7) + 4 = x + 1, {–2, –1, 0, 1} a. + = 6+ b. =3
x–3 x x–3 4
d. 4(2x – 3) – 3x = 2, {2, 3, 4, 5} 6–
6
1+
3
5. Solve each equation for x over Z. 5+
x +1
a. x – 5 = 3 b. 4x + 2 = –6 3 4
c. 6 – =
c. –8(3 – 2x) + 12 – 7x = 15 4x 1 + 2
x 3
d. 3(4x – 1) + 16 = x – 3

6. Solve each equation for x over N. 10. Solve the following equations.
a. 4x – 3 = 13 b. 5(x – 3) – 9 = 11 1
7+ 2x 3x – 12 x+
a. = e. x = 2x + 5
c. –2(4 + x) + 7 = 8 + x 7 – 2x 4x – 16 1
2– 4
d. 3x + 5 – 2(6 – 3x) = 19 x
Equations 23
 Objectives A.SOLVING INEQUALITIES IN ONE VARIABLE
After studying this section you will be
able to: 1. Inequalities in one Variable
1. Solve inequalities in one variable.
Up to now we have studied equations as a kind of open sentence. Now we
2. Graph inequalities in one variable.
will introduce another type of open sentence.
3. Understand the properties of inequalities.
4. Solve inequalities.

Definition
An open sentence which contains an inequality symbol between two
algebraic expressions is called an inequality.

The following are five kinds of inequality symbols:

> means “is greater than”

≥ means “is greater than or equal to”

Inequalities are statements that two
expressions are not equal. < means “is less than”

≤ means “is less than or equal to”

≠ means “is not equal to”

For example,
5 > 3, “5 is greater than 3”
2 < 9, “2 is less than 9”
4 ≥ 3, “4 is greater than or equal to 3”
–3 ≤ 1, “–3 is less than or equal to 1”
5 ≠ –5, “5 is not equal to –5”

The number 3 is a solution of the inequality

x ≤ 4 because 3 ≤ 4.
x ≤ 4 has more solutions, because any real number less than or equal to 4 will
satisfy the inequality.
24 Pre-Algebra 2
 1.27
Indicate the truth value of the If x = 1 then 2⋅1 – 1 > 3
numbers in the replacement set 2–1>3
{1, 4, 5} of the inequality
1>3 FALSE
2x – 1 > 3.
If x = 4 then 2 ⋅ (4) – 1 > 3
8–1>3
7>3 TRUE
If x = 5 then 2 ⋅ (5) – 1 > 3
10 – 1 > 3
9>3 TRUE

The numbers 4 and 5 are solutions of the inequality 2x – 1 > 3.

2. Graphing Inequalities in One Variable

The solution of a linear equation is only one number. The graph of this
number is a point on a number line. For example,
The solution set of x = 2 is {2}.
The graph of x = 2 is a point on the number line.

-2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

Note The solution set of an inequality in one variable usully is made up of an

1. An “open circle” shows that the point infinite number values.
is not a solution. To show this infinite number of solutions, it is common to use a number line
3
graph.
x > 3 (3 is not a solution) We have four different types of linear inequalities.

-1 Inequality Verbal Phrase Graph

x < –1 (–1 is not a solution)
All numbers greater
We use “open circle” for < or >. 1 x>3 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5
than 3
2. A “closed circle” shows that the point
All numbers greater
is a solution 2 x≥2 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
than 3
-1 0 1 2 3 4 5 All numbers greater
3 x < –1 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
x ³ 2 (2 is a solution) than 3

All numbers greater

4 x≤5 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 than 3
x £ 5 (5 is a solution)
All numbers greater
x≠4 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
We use “closed circle” for ≤ or ≥. than 3

Equations 25
 1.28
Draw the graph of x ≥ –3.
-7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1

1.29
1 1
Draw the graph of x ≤ . 2
2
-2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

1.30
Draw the graph of x > 0.
-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

1. Graph each inequality. 2. Write an inequality that have the following solution set.

1 a.
a. x < 3 b. x > 1 c. x < –
2 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3

b.
3 1 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4
d. x > e. x ≥ 2 f. x ≥ –5
4 2 c.
-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

3 d.
g. x ≤ – h. x ≤ 3 i. x ≠ 2 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4
2
e.
-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0
2
j. x≠ k. x ≠ 0.54 f.
3 3

3. Properties of Inequalities
As you see in the figure at right 7 > 3.
If 2 grams are removed from each side,

7>3
7–2>3–2
5 > 1.

26 Pre-Algebra 2
 In general, subtracting the same real numbers from both sides of inequality
does not change it.

Property
If a > b then a – c > b – c.

Similar statements can be made for the symbols <, ≤ and ≥.

Consider the figure at right which shows 5 > 3.

Put 3 grams to both sides of scale in the figure.

Mathematicaly,
5>3
5+3>3+3
8>6
In general, adding the same real number to both
sides of inequality does not change it.

Property
If a > b, then a + c > b + c.

Similar statements can be made for the symbols <, ≤ and ≥.

Consider the steps of the figures at right.

Adding the same quantity to the same side means

multiplying by two.
That is,
x
>3
2
x
2⋅ > 3⋅2
2
x>6

Equations 27
 In general, if both sides of an inequality are multiplied by a positive number,
the direction of the resulting inequality remains the same.
If both sides of an inequality are multiplied by a negative number, the direction
of the resulting inequality must be reversed.

Property
Multiplication property of inequality.
If a > b and c > 0, then a ⋅ c > b ⋅ c
If a > b and c < 0, then a ⋅ c < b ⋅ c

Similar statements can be mode for the symbols <, ≤ and ≥.

For example, let us multiply (–2) to both sides of inequality 7 < 11.
Removing numbers to the other
side in equalities is also valid about –2 ⋅ (7) > (–2) ⋅ 11 (multiply both sides by (–2) and reverse the inequality symbol).
inequalities.
–14 > –22
As you see the inequality sign must be reversed when both sides of an
inequality are multiplied by the same negative number.

1.31
Solve –x > 4. First way Second way

–x > 4 (multiply both sides by –1)

–4 – x > 4 +x
(–1) . (–x) > 4 . (–1) x < –4
–4 > x or x < –4

Consider the steps of the following figures.

Separating both sides into two groups and

removing one of them means dividing both
sides by two
2x > 8

2x 8
>
2 2
x>4

28 Pre-Algebra 2
 In general, if both sides of an inequality are divided by a positive number, the
direction of the resulting inequality remains the same.
If both sides of an inequality are divided by a negative number, the direction
of the resulting inequality must be reversed.

Property
Division property of inequality.
a b
If a > b and c > 0, then >
c c
a b
If a > b and c < 0, then <
c c

Similar statements can be made for the symbols <, ≤ and ≥.

For example, 16 > 12. Let us divide both sides by 4,
16 > 12

16 12
>
4 4
4>3

Let us divide both sides of inequality 24 > 20 by –4.

24 > 20

24 20
< (Divide both sides by –5)
–4 –4
–6 < –5 (Reverse the inequality symbol)

1.32
Solve –5x < 20. –5x < 20 (Divide both sides by –5)

–5 x 20
> (Reverse the inequality symbol)
–5 –5
x < –4.

Property
If a, b, and c are real numbers with a < b and b < c, then a < c.
This property is called transitive property.

For example,
3 < 4 and 4 < 6 then 3 < 6.

Equations 29
 1. Graph the following inequalities.
a. x = –4 b. x < 13 c. x ≥ –5 d. 3 ≤ x
e. 4 ≥ –x f. –x > 6 g. x ≤ –6 h. –x ≤ –1

2. Solve the inequalities.

a. x + 3 < 5 b. 2 + x > –10 c. x – 1 ≤ 5 d. –3 + x < 15
e. 5 + x ≥ –8 f. x – 6 ≥ –7 g. 2x ≥ 8 h. 3x ≤ –6
i. 4x > –7 j. –7x < 21 k. –5x ≥ –20 l. –27 ≤ 9x
x x x 1 x
m. ≥4 n. < –4 o. ≤ p. – >2
2 3 6 3 4
x 3 x
q. – <– r. ≤0
5 4 3

4. Solving Inequalities (More Than One Property)

To solve some inequalities we need to use more than one property of inequalities.
We usually use the following procedures:

1. Simplify both sides of the inequality by combining like terms and remove
parentheses.
2. Add or subtract the same expression on both sides of the inequality.
3. Multiply or divide both sides of the inequality by the same positive expression.
(Multiply or divide both sides of the inequality by the same negative
expression and reverse the inequality.)

1.33
Solve the inequality 5x + 4 > 9
5x + 4 > 9. 5x + 4 – 4 > 9 – 4 (Subtract 4 from both sides)
5x > 5 (Simplify)
5x 5
> (Divide both sides by 5)
5 5
x > 1 (Simplify)

The solution set is {x | x > 1} or

-1 0 1 2 3 4

30 Pre-Algebra 2
 1.34
Solve the inequality 13 – 3x ≤ –8
13 – 3x ≤ –8. 13 – 13 – 3x ≤ –8 – 13 (Subtract 13 from both sides)
–3x ≤ –21 (Simplify)
3 x –21
≥ (Divide both sides by –3 and reverse the inequality)
3 –3
x≥7

The solution set is {x | x ≥ 7} or

4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

1.35
Solve the inequality 6 + 5x ≥ 4 – 2x
6 + 5x ≥ 4 – 2x. 6 + 5x – 6 ≥ 4 – 2x – 6 (Subtract 4 from both sides)
5x ≥ –2x – 2 (Simplify)
5x + 2x ≥ –2x + 2x – 2 (Add 2x to both sides)
7x ≥ –2 (Simplify)
7 x –2
≥ (Divide both sides by 7)
7 7
–2
x≥ (Simplify)
7

2
–2 7
The solution set is {x | x ≥ }.
7 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3

1.36
Solve the inequality
7 – 2 ⋅ (x – 4) < 5 + 3x. 7 – 2 ⋅ (x – 4) < 5 + 3x
7 + (–2) ⋅ x + (–2) ⋅ (–4) < 5 + 3x (Remove parentheses)
7 – 2x + 8 < 5 + 3x (Simplify)
15 – 2x < 5 + 3 ⋅ x (Combine like terms)
15 – 2x – 5 < 5 + 3 ⋅ x – 5 (Combine like terms)
10 – 2x < 3 ⋅ x (Simplify)

Equations 31
 10 – 2x + 2x < 3x + 2x (Add 2x to both sides)
10 < 5x (Simplify)
10 5x
< (Divide both sides by 5)
5 5
2<x
x > 2 (Interchange the two sides of the inequality)
The solution set is {x | x > 2}.
-1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

1.37
Solve the inequality 5+ 2 ⋅ (2 – 3x)
3⋅ > 9 ⋅ 3 (Multiply both sides by 3)
5+ 2 ⋅ (2 – 3x) 3
> 9.
3
5 + 2 ⋅ (2 – 3x) > 27 (Remove parentheses)
5 + 4 – 6x > 27 (Simplify)
9 – 6x > 27 (Combine like terms)
9 – 9 – 6x > 27 – 9 (Subtract 9 from both sides)
–6x > 18 (Simplify)
–6 x 18
< (Divide both sides by –6 and reverse theinequality)
–6 –6
x < –3 (Simplify)
The solution set is {x | x < –3}.
-7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1

1.38
Solve the inequality 4 ⋅ (3x +1)
3⋅ > 3 ⋅ (x – 2)
4 ⋅ (3x +1) 3
> x – 2.
3 4⋅ (3x + 1) > 3 ⋅ (x – 2)

–3x 12x + 4 > 3x – 6 –4

12x – 3x > –6 – 4
9x > –10
9x –10
>
9 9
10
x>–
9
10
10 9
The solution set is {x | x > – }.
9 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

32 Pre-Algebra 2
 1.39
Solve the inequality x – 3 2x +1 2 x – 3
– ≥ – (Equilaze denominators)
x – 3 2x +1 x–3 3 2 1 6
– ≥2– .
3 2 6 (2) (3) (6) (1)

2 ⋅ (x – 3) – 3 ⋅ (2x +1) 12 – (x – 3)
≥ (Remove equal denominators)
6 6
2(x – 3) – 3(2x +1) ≥ 12 – (x – 3) (Remove parentheses)

2x – 6 – 6x – 3) ≥ 12 – x + 3

–4x – 9x ≥ 15 – x (Combine like terms transpoce –x and –9)

4x + x ≥ 15+ 9

–3x ≥ 24

–3x 24
≤ (Divide both sides by –3 and reverse the inequality)
–3 –3
x ≤ –8 (Simplify)
So, the solution set is {x | x ≤ –8}.
-11 -10 -9 -8 -7 -6 -5

1.40
Solve the inequality 3x + 4
(x – 2) ⋅ ≥ 5 ⋅ (x – 2)
3x + 4 (x – 2)
≥ 5.
x–2
3x + 4 ≥ 5 ⋅ (x – 2)
3x + 4 ≥ 5x – 10
4 + 10 ≥ 5x – 3x
14 ≥ 2x
14 2x
≥
2 2
x≤7
So, the solution set is all real numbers less than or equal 7 except 2.

S = {x | x ≤ 7, x ≠ 2}.
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

Equations 33
 1. Solve each inequality and graph the solution set.

a. x – 3 > 6 b. 5 + x ≤ –2 c. 6 – x < 4
d. 3x – 7 > 2 e. 5x – 7 ≤ 8 f. 2x + 5 ≥ –1
g. 9 – 4x < –3 h. 3x – 1 ≥ 3 + x i. 2x – 2 ≥ 3+x
j. 2x – 2 < 4x+2 k. 3 – 3 ⋅ (2 – x) ≤ –6 l. 6 – 4 ⋅ (x+2) ≤ –2
x+3
m. 12 ⋅ (x – 2) > 2x – 4 n. 2 ⋅ (3 + 5x) < 8x + 3 o. < –3
2
5 – 4x x–3 x x
p. ≥1 q. > x +1 r. ≥2–
3 2 2 3
3 ⋅ (5x – 1) 3 ⋅ (6 + 4x)
s. <6 t. ≤ –2x + 5
7 2
3 – x 2x + 5 1 x + 3 2x +1 x –1 x –1
u. – > v. – ≤ 1+ y. >1
4 3 6 5 3 15 x –1
z. x ⋅ (4x – 1) ≤ (2x + 1)2

5. Problem Solving Using Inequalities

Problems which contain phrases like no more than, at most, no less than and
at least are solved by using inequalities.
We will use the following translations.

Phrases Symbol

x is not more than y x≤y

x is at most y x≤y
x is not less than y x≥y
x is at least y x≥y

1.41
Ali’s mathematics exam grades Arithmetic mean (average) of his grades must be greater than 85.
are 78, 80 and 85. What must 78 + 80 + 85+ x 243+ x
be his last exam grade at least Let x be fourth exam grade ≥ 85, ≥ 85
4 4
to take a five which needs
243 + x ≥ 4 . 85, 243 + x ≥ 340, x ≥ 340 – 243, x ≥ 97
overall 85?
He must get at least 97 in his fourth exam.

34 Pre-Algebra 2
 1.42
Find the smallest four consecutive Let x be the smallest even integer ...?
even integers whose sum is x + (x + 2) + (x + 4) + (x + 6) > 68
greater than 48.
4x + 12 > 68
4x > 68 – 12
4x > 56
56
x>
4
x > 14
The numbers are 16, 18, 20 and 22.

1. When 3 is added to two times a number, the result is greater than or equal
to 15. Find the solution set of this number. What is this number.

2. Three fifths of a number is added to 2 giving a result at least 5. What is

this number.

3. Five times a number, minus 7, is not more than 8. Find this number.

4. Ahmet has a total of 155 point in his three math exams. At the and of
course he must have at least 60 points average to be succesfull in maths.
At least how many points he must take from the 100-points final exam?

6. Compound Inequalities

Definition
A statement that contains two simple inequalities is called a compound
inequality.

There are many types of compound inequalities. Let us examine two samples
of them.

Equations 35
 1.43
Graph the solution set for Let us graph x > –1 and x ≤ 3 separately. Then take the intersection of these
x > –1 and x ≤ 3. two graphs to get the solution of compound inequality.
x > –1
-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

Note x£3
0 1 2 3 4
The graph of a compound inequality
containing and is the intersection of the –1 < x £ 3
graphs of two inequalities. -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3

The solution of the compound inequality x > –1 and x ≤ 3 may also be

written as –1 < x ≤ 3.

1.44
Solve –9 ≤ 2x + 3 < 11 a. –9 ≤ 2x + 3 < 11

a. Over z. –9 – 3 ≤ 2x + 3 – 3 < 11 – 3

b. Over N. –12 ≤ 2x < 8

c. Over Real Numbers. –12 2x 8

≤ <
2 2 2
–6 ≤ x < 4
The solution set is all integers between –6 and 4, (–6 is included).

-7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

b. The solution set is all natural numbers between –6 and 4.

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

c. The solution set is all real numbers between –6 and 4, (–6 is included).

-7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

36 Pre-Algebra 2
 1.45
Graph the solution set for Let us graph x ≤ –2 and x > 2 separately, then take the union of these two
x ≤ –2 or x > 2. graphs.
x £ –2
-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

x>2
Note -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4
The graph of a compound inequality
involving or is the union of the graphs of x £ –2 or x > 2
two inequalities. The union contains both -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4
graphs.
The solution is x ≤ –2 or x > 2. There is no short way to write it.

1.46
Solve the inequality The inequality –4 ≤ 3x+2 < 5 is equivalent to the two inequalities –4 ≤ 3x+2
–4 ≤ 3x + 2 < 5 and graph the and 3x + 2 < 5.
solution set. Let us solve each of these inequalities separately.
–4 ≤ 3x + 2 3x + 2 < 5
–4 – 2 ≤ 3x + 2 – 2 (Subtract 2 from both sides) 3x + 2 – 2 < 5 – 2
–6 ≤ 3x (Simplify) 3x < 3
–6 3x 3x 3
≤ (Divide both sides by 3) <
2 3 3 3
–2 ≤ x (Simplify) x<1
The solution set is all x for which –2 ≤ x and x < 1 or {x | –2 ≤ x < 1}

-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3

1.47
Solve the inequality Let us solve two inequalities at the same time, as follows:
–5 < 2x – 7 < 1. –5 < 2x – 7 < 1
–5 + 7 < 2x – 7 + 7 (Add 7 to each part)
2 < 2x < 8 (Simplify)
2 2x 8
< < (Divide each part by 2)
2 2 2
1<x<4 (Simplify)

-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

Equations 37
 1.48
Solve the inequality 2 – 4x
–2 ≤ ≤6
2 – 4x 3
–2 ≤ ≤ 6.
3 2 – 4x
–2 . 3 ≤ 3 . ( )≤6.3 (Multiply each size by 3 to remove the
3
denominator)

–6 ≤ 2 – 4x ≤ 18 (Simplify)

–6 – 2 ≤ 2 – 4x – 2 ≤ 18 – 2 (Subtract 2 from each side)

–8 ≤ –4x ≤ 16 (Simplify)

–8 –4x 16
≥ ≥ (Divide each side by –4 and reverse the
–4 –4 –4
inequality symbols)

2 ≥ x ≥ –4 (Simplify)

–4 ≤ x ≤ 2 (Reverse the order)

The solution set is {x | –4 ≤ x ≤ 2}

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

1. Solve each compound inequality. Graph each solution.

a. –2 + x + 1 < 3 b. –7 ≤ 3x + 2 < 8
c. –6 < 2x – 3 ≤ 5 d. –5 ≤ 4 – 3x < 2
x 3x + 2 1
e. 2 < 1– <3 f. 0< <–
3 3 3
1 x +1 3x
g. 4 + 3 < 5x + 7 < x + 8 h. ≤ <
2 3 4

38 Pre-Algebra 2
 1. Fill in the blanks. 4. Solve each inequality.
a. The symbol > is read as “...........................” a. 5 – x < 7 b. 2x + 1 < 5
b. The symbol ≤ is read as “...........................” c. 3x – 1 ≥ 8 d. 2x – 3 ≤ 5
c. If a < b and b < c, then b < c. This propety is
e. –3x – 7 < –1 f. –4x + 1 ≤ 9
called ........................ property.
d. If both sides of an inequality are multiplied by 5. Solve the following inequalities.
a ........................ number, the direction of
resulting inequality remains the same as the a. 2x + 3 < x + 1 b. 2x + 3 ≤ –5 + 3x
first. c. 9 – 2x > 13 – 6x d. 12 – 13x ≥ 15x – 15
e. If both sides of an inequality are multiplied by e. –2(x + 1) < 4 – x f. 4 – 3 ⋅ (x – 1) < –5
a ........................ number, the direction of
resulting inequality must be reversed. 6. Solve each inequality.
f. An ........................ is a statement indicating 3x – 2
a. < 2x + 2
that two quantities are not necessarily equal. 2
2 ⋅ (x – 3)
b. ≤ 3x + 6
5
3x – 1 1– x
2. Graph each inequality. c. 3+ 2x – ≤ 3+
2 2
1 1– 5x 2 – 2x 1
a. x ≠ –2 b. x > 2 c. x < d. + >
2 2 5 10
5 x +1 x – 1 4x – 3
d. x > e. x ≤ –3 f. x ≥ –4 e. + ≥
3 8 3 12
3
g. x ≤ h. x ≤ 0.25 i. 4 ≤ –x
5 7. Solve each inequality and graph the solution set.
j. –x ≥ –3 k. –x ≥ +1
a. 3 < x ≤ 5 b. 2 < x – 5 < 3
c. –5 < x + 2 < 7 d. 4 < 2 – x < 6
e. 3 < 2x + 1 < 5 f. –5 ≤ 3x – 2 < 7
3. Solve each inequality and graph the solution. x
g. 3 < 1+ < 4 h. 3 – 2x < x + 1 < 2x + 5
3
a. x + 2 > 4 b. x + 3 ≥ 6 c. x+5 ≥ –1
2 x +1 2x +1
d. x – 2 ≤ –3 e. 5 + x < 3 f. –x – 1 < 6 i. 2 – x < 6 < 4 – x j. ≤ <
3 4 6
g. 2x ≤ 4 h. 3x < –6 i. –4x ≥ 8
x x x 1 8. Solve each inequality
j. <1 k. ≥0 l. – ≤
3 2 3 2 (x + 2)(x + 3) ≥ (x + 1)(x – 3)

Equations 39