A Simple Globalization Definition

Globalization means the speedup of movements and exchanges (of human beings, goods, and
services, capital, technologies or cultural practices) all over the planet. One of the effects of
globalization is that it promotes and increases interactions between different regions and
populations around the globe.

An Official Definition of Globalization by the World Health Organization (WHO)

According to WHO, globalization can be defined as ” the increased interconnectedness and
interdependence of peoples and countries. It is generally understood to include two inter-related
elements: the opening of international borders to increasingly fast flows of goods, services,
finance, people and ideas; and the changes in institutions and policies at national and international
levels that facilitate or promote such flows.”
Examples Of Globalization (Concept Map)
Because of trade developments and financial exchanges, we often think of globalization as an
economic and financial phenomenon. Nonetheless, it includes a much wider field than just flowing
of goods, services or capital. Often referred to as the globalization concept map, some examples
of globalization are:

 Economic globalization: is the development of trade systems within transnational actors

such as corporations or NGOs;
 Financial globalization: can be linked with the rise of a global financial system with
international financial exchanges and monetary exchanges. Stock markets, for instance, are a
great example of the financially connected global world since when one stock market has a
decline, it affects other markets negatively as well as the economy as a whole.
 Cultural globalization: refers to the interpenetration of cultures which, as a consequence,
means nations adopt principles, beliefs, and costumes of other nations, losing their unique culture
to a unique, globalized supra-culture;
 Political globalization: the development and growing influence of international
organizations such as the UN or WHO means governmental action takes place at an international
level. There are other bodies operating a global level such as NGOs like Doctors without
borders or  Oxfam;
 Sociological globalization: information moves almost in real-time, together with the
interconnection and interdependence of events and their consequences. People move all the time
too, mixing and integrating different societies;
 Technological globalization: the phenomenon by which millions of people are
interconnected thanks to the power of the digital world via platforms such as Facebook, Instagram,
Skype or Youtube.
 Geographic globalization: is the new organization and hierarchy of different regions of the
world that is constantly changing. Moreover, with transportation and flying made so easy and
affordable, apart from a few countries with demanding visas, it is possible to travel the world
without barely any restrictions;
 Ecological globalization: accounts for the idea of considering planet Earth as a single
global entity – a common good all societies should protect since the weather affects everyone and
we are all protected by the same atmosphere. To this regard, it is often said that the poorest
countries that have been polluting the least will suffer the most from climate change.

The Benefits Of Globalization

Globalization has benefits that cover many different areas. It reciprocally developed economies all
over the world and increased cultural exchanges. It also allowed financial exchanges between
companies, changing the paradigm of work. Many people are nowadays citizens of the world. The
origin of goods became secondary and geographic distance is no longer a barrier for many
services to happen. Let’s dig deeper.
Some of the important types of globalization are as follows: 1. Economic
Globalization 2. Cultural Globalization.

Economic and cultural are broadly the two types of globalization. These domains are
also interconnected. Development of communication technology like telephony,
television, computer and internet has been the only instrumental factor to bring
about economic and cultural globalization.

At the root of the globalization is technological revolution, which has squeezed time
and space in bringing people of the world in contact with one another as and when
one so desires. Its direct bearing is on the possibility of economic interdependence
among the world countries.

1. Economic Globalization:
From the second half of the eighties of the preceding century, a radical economic
relationship among different countries has come into being which is governed and
regulated by the market. The Indian market is now replete with both domestic and
foreign manufactured goods.

FDI is gradually increasing in the country and also the neighbouring countries.
Multinational companies are joining hands with Indian companies in a big way.
However, economic globalization in India is still scanty and partial and needs to be
evaluated with reference to the other countries of Asia, particularly China.

Globalization is an economic change, which is characterized by increasing consum-

erism and a non-conventional and trendy lifestyle. The consumption pattern,
cultural production and other local cultural categories undergo change away from
the traditional living pattern. The markets are flooded with a variety of goods
manufactured all over the world.

India has joined the globalization movement and has indeed left an imprint on the
world economic system by contributing enormously, particularly in the knowledge
industry sector. The country is proud of the fact that the developed countries are
now forced to look towards India for the new challenges that have emanated from
the development.

Under the process of globalization, there is free movement of capital and

commodities from one country to other. The businessmen of one country are freely
investing money in manufacturing, service, knowledge and other sectors of other
countries. Multinational companies are mushrooming and dominating the
indigenous manufacturing sector of the less developed countries.

2. Cultural Globalization:
Globalization of cultural items is a natural outcome of economic interdependence
and reciprocal relationships. Efficiency of communication technology and
consequent economic linkages determine the extent and nature of cultural symbiosis
among the involved countries. Cultural expansion across national boundaries is a
natural result of intense economic globalization.

Mass media has an important role to play in bringing the cultures of the world to
people anywhere in the world, who adopt them if influenced. Since the education
and urbanization have weakened the old institutions and community cohesiveness,
and strengthened individual autonomy, the process of imitating foreign culture has
been accelerated.

Cultural globalization takes place at two levels. One, every culture of the world is
exposed to the people of every country through mass media and thus all the local
cultures are interacting with one another. In this process of cultural symbiosis, all
the cultures are taking global character in varying degrees depending upon their
attractiveness to people outside their cultural boundaries.

Cultural globalization is quite visible today in the form of uniformity of dress style,
consumption pattern, food habits etc. People, particularly the youth, are frantically
following the new lifestyle. The mass media has brought people closer to the cultures
of the world, which were earlier completely unknown to the people at distant places.
The television channels on geography, tourism and wildlife have contributed a lot to
culturally unite people of the world ignoring specificities. Professor Yogendra Singh
says that globalization has also changed the traditional mode of cultural expressions,
usages of language and communication media at the local, regional and national
levels. These have also created many sub-cultures of entirely new kind in urban
areas. The rise of popular culture is a new phenomenon with linkages both to rural
and urban areas.

At the other level, globalization has accrued the material benefits to the local
cultures. The local cultures of India, which were confined to local spaces and carried
out either as part of leisure by local artisans or could be decoration pieces and items
of pleasure for the local elite, are now expanding much beyond their traditional
boundaries.

These culture products were not the commodity of the market. The artisans of these
arts and artifacts were doomed to live a modicum of life. As a result of globalization,
the local cultures are getting commoditized and monetized and enjoying their
existence at global level, making handsome amount of money for their creators, the
craftsmen, ameliorating their destitute and raising the standard of living.

One thing, however, has to be borne in mind that, under the influence of
globalization, market economy, media, efficient and powerful information
technology and the local cultures are forced to undergo some changes and some
degree of homogenization of culture, which is not difficult to notice.

But this does not mean that the local cultures will vanish completely and there
would be one culture pattern the world over. A large amount of self-identity and
autonomy is enjoyed by local cultures. This is also truer about the Indian local
culture. In reality, the greater the depth of history of a culture is, greater would be
the resistance to the external pressure to it as is the case with Indian culture. M.N.
Srinivas writes:

Indian culture is characterized by enormous diversity. It would not be an

exaggeration to say that the cultural situation in India varies every few miles. And
even within a single village, each caste has culture which is somewhat different from
that of the other.

In fact, it would not be an exaggeration to state that each kinship unit has its own
distinctive cultural practices, representing a fusion of different incoming affine
strands modifying the culture of the main agnatic stem.

It is because of this strength that the local cultures of India have enough resilience to
counter hegemonic impact of globalization on them. India is a very successful
democracy. The state takes care of the interests of people of the country and does not
allow the negative consequences of globalization to prevail but if the state fails at
some point people enjoy so much autonomy and power that they resist the negative
influence of globalization by resorting to democratic means like demonstrations,
strikes, street plays and many other methods, which are even violent sometimes.

Civil society is gaining power and confidence to counter the wrongs of globalization.
Today, no international deal undertaken by the government goes unattended by the
people of the country. For example, the recent Indo-US nuclear deal, which was
ratified not only after an intense debate but also led to a confidence motion for the
government and then only it, got the nod of the country.

Some of the important types of globalization are as follows: 1. Economic

Globalization 2. Cultural Globalization.

Economic and cultural are broadly the two types of globalization. These domains are
also interconnected. Development of communication technology like telephony,
television, computer and internet has been the only instrumental factor to bring
about economic and cultural globalization.

At the root of the globalization is technological revolution, which has squeezed time
and space in bringing people of the world in contact with one another as and when
one so desires. Its direct bearing is on the possibility of economic interdependence
among the world countries.

1. Economic Globalization:
From the second half of the eighties of the preceding century, a radical economic
relationship among different countries has come into being which is governed and
regulated by the market. The Indian market is now replete with both domestic and
foreign manufactured goods.

FDI is gradually increasing in the country and also the neighbouring countries.
Multinational companies are joining hands with Indian companies in a big way.
However, economic globalization in India is still scanty and partial and needs to be
evaluated with reference to the other countries of Asia, particularly China.

Globalization is an economic change, which is characterized by increasing consum-

erism and a non-conventional and trendy lifestyle. The consumption pattern,
cultural production and other local cultural categories undergo change away from
the traditional living pattern. The markets are flooded with a variety of goods
manufactured all over the world

India has joined the globalization movement and has indeed left an imprint on the
world economic system by contributing enormously, particularly in the knowledge
industry sector. The country is proud of the fact that the developed countries are
now forced to look towards India for the new challenges that have emanated from
the development.

Under the process of globalization, there is free movement of capital and

commodities from one country to other. The businessmen of one country are freely
investing money in manufacturing, service, knowledge and other sectors of other
countries. Multinational companies are mushrooming and dominating the
indigenous manufacturing sector of the less developed countries.

2. Cultural Globalization:
Globalization of cultural items is a natural outcome of economic interdependence
and reciprocal relationships. Efficiency of communication technology and
consequent economic linkages determine the extent and nature of cultural symbiosis
among the involved countries. Cultural expansion across national boundaries is a
natural result of intense economic globalization.
Mass media has an important role to play in bringing the cultures of the world to
people anywhere in the world, who adopt them if influenced. Since the education
and urbanization have weakened the old institutions and community cohesiveness,
and strengthened individual autonomy, the process of imitating foreign culture has
been accelerated.

Cultural globalization takes place at two levels. One, every culture of the world is
exposed to the people of every country through mass media and thus all the local
cultures are interacting with one another. In this process of cultural symbiosis, all
the cultures are taking global character in varying degrees depending upon their
attractiveness to people outside their cultural boundaries.

Cultural globalization is quite visible today in the form of uniformity of dress style,
consumption pattern, food habits etc. People, particularly the youth, are frantically
following the new lifestyle. The mass media has brought people closer to the cultures
of the world, which were earlier completely unknown to the people at distant places.

The television channels on geography, tourism and wildlife have contributed a lot to
culturally unite people of the world ignoring specificities. Professor Yogendra Singh
says that globalization has also changed the traditional mode of cultural expressions,
usages of language and communication media at the local, regional and national
levels. These have also created many sub-cultures of entirely new kind in urban
areas. The rise of popular culture is a new phenomenon with linkages both to rural
and urban areas.

At the other level, globalization has accrued the material benefits to the local
cultures. The local cultures of India, which were confined to local spaces and carried
out either as part of leisure by local artisans or could be decoration pieces and items
of pleasure for the local elite, are now expanding much beyond their traditional
boundaries.
These culture products were not the commodity of the market. The artisans of these
arts and artifacts were doomed to live a modicum of life. As a result of globalization,
the local cultures are getting commoditized and monetized and enjoying their
existence at global level, making handsome amount of money for their creators, the
craftsmen, ameliorating their destitute and raising the standard of living.

One thing, however, has to be borne in mind that, under the influence of
globalization, market economy, media, efficient and powerful information
technology and the local cultures are forced to undergo some changes and some
degree of homogenization of culture, which is not difficult to notice.

But this does not mean that the local cultures will vanish completely and there
would be one culture pattern the world over. A large amount of self-identity and
autonomy is enjoyed by local cultures. This is also truer about the Indian local
culture. In reality, the greater the depth of history of a culture is, greater would be
the resistance to the external pressure to it as is the case with Indian culture. M.N.
Srinivas writes:

Indian culture is characterized by enormous diversity. It would not be an

exaggeration to say that the cultural situation in India varies every few miles. And
even within a single village, each caste has culture which is somewhat different from
that of the other.

In fact, it would not be an exaggeration to state that each kinship unit has its own
distinctive cultural practices, representing a fusion of different incoming affine
strands modifying the culture of the main agnatic stem.

It is because of this strength that the local cultures of India have enough resilience to
counter hegemonic impact of globalization on them. India is a very successful
democracy. The state takes care of the interests of people of the country and does not
allow the negative consequences of globalization to prevail but if the state fails at
some point people enjoy so much autonomy and power that they resist the negative
influence of globalization by resorting to democratic means like demonstrations,
strikes, street plays and many other methods, which are even violent sometimes.
Civil society is gaining power and confidence to counter the wrongs of globalization.
Today, no international deal undertaken by the government goes unattended by the
people of the country. For example, the recent Indo-US nuclear deal, which was
ratified not only after an intense debate but also led to a confidence motion for the
government and then only it, got the nod of the country.

Globalization or globalisation is the process of interaction and integration among people,

companies, and governments worldwide. As a complex and multifaceted phenomenon,
globalization is considered by some as a form of capitalist expansion which entails the
integration of local and national economies into a global, unregulated market economy.
[1]
 Globalization has grown due to advances
in transportation and communication technology. With the increased global interactions
comes the growth of international trade, ideas, and culture. Globalization is primarily an
economic process of interaction and integration that's associated with social and cultural
aspects. However, conflicts and diplomacy are also large parts of the history of
globalization, and modern globalization.
Economically, globalization involves goods, services, the economic resources of capital,
technology, and data.[2] Also, the expansions of global markets liberalize the economic
activities of the exchange of goods and funds. Removal of cross-border trade barriers has
made formation of global markets more feasible.[citation needed] The steam
locomotive, steamship, jet engine, and container ships are some of the advances in the
means of transport while the rise of the telegraph and its modern offspring,
the Internet and mobile phones show development in telecommunications infrastructure.
All of these improvements have been major factors in globalization and have generated
further interdependence of economic and cultural activities around the globe.[3]

Supporter of Globalisation
Globalisation has three main aspects which are economic, political and socio-cultural
(University of Leicester 2009). Economic aspect focuses on the integration of global
economies as well as flow of trade and capital across nation borders. Socio-cultural aspect
emphasises on the exchanging of social and culture. Social aspect includes lifestyle,
perception, and communication. Culture includes value, belief, tradition, and norm. The
political aspect targets on interchange of political contact among countries (Held &
McGrew 2005). The pros of globalisation would be explored through these mentioned
aspects.

Economic aspect
Globalisation has encouraged more trades and increased the flow of capital among
nations; For instance, businesses can seek their funding from foreign banks that offer the
most competitive interest rate (Bhagwati 2004). MNEs have more flexibility to operate as
well as locate their operations in any countries that offer advantages (e.g. cheaper labour
cost or closer proximity with the customers); For example, many US corporations moved
their labour intensive productions to China because Chinese workers have lower wage
than the American counterpart. As a result, the world consumers can purchase goods and
services at a lower price. Moreover, economic opportunity has been expanded, from
domestic to regional and global consumers, as technology such as internet or cheaper
transportation make possible for people to seek out new business connections (e.g.
franchise). With more players selling the same goods to target customers, competition is
increased; consumers will get the benefit of cheaper price. There are many institutions
among countries to encourage economic collaboration such as WTO, OPEC, APEC,
ASEAN, EU and UNCTAD.

Socio-cultural aspect
Nowadays, the communication, information exchange, and mass media have been raised.
This helps reduce the communication barrier so that people from different culture, life style,
and society have more understanding of each other (Tomlinson 1999); For example,
internet helps people to communicate easier and to find the information (such as news,
fashion trend, education). Moreover, many US and UK universities open the opportunity by
offering distant learning program with granted degree for foreign students who cannot
afford high cost of living in the countries. This could help those people to improve their
quality of life. Some problems such as poverty, health care, gender equality, child labour,
and global warming are difficult or impossible to solve by individual nation. Globalisation
has made such issues global awareness and concerns. It encourages harmony and willing
from every country to help combat the problems (e.g. the global warming meeting held in
Denmark). There are many international organizations that help promote collaborations
and tackle socio-cultural issues such as UNICEF, UNEP, UNESCO, and WHO.

Political aspect
Political tension was no longer individual problems between conflicting nations. Poverty in
the Caribbean means more drugs on the streets in Washington and London. Conflict in the
Balkans causes more refugees in Germany and here in the UK (Stiastny 1999). These
problems can only be addressed by international co-operation. Globalisation promotes the
circumstance of state interaction. Whether nations like it or not, we are all internationalists.
There are a lot of collaborate institution among countries to strengthen the political
collaboration UN, EU, and G7. Many conflicts were encouraged to be solved through
peaceful approach, such as negotiation. After the end of cold war, globalisation inspires
nations to develop friendly relationship, to help nations work together to improve quality of
life, and achieve world harmony.

Globalization or globalisation is the process of interaction and integration

among people, companies, and governments worldwide. As a complex and
multifaceted phenomenon, globalization is considered by some as a form of
capitalist expansion which entails the integration of local and national
economies into a global, unregulated market economy.
Imperialism is policy or ideology of extending a nation's rule over foreign
nations, often by military force or by gaining political and economic control of
other areas. Imperialism was both normal and common worldwide throughout
recorded history, the earliest examples dating from the mid-third millennium
BC, diminishing only in the late 20th century.

Based on that, the main difference seems to be that imperialism is something from the past
whereas globalisation is from the present. In addition to that, imperialism seems to be
more of a one-way street (as in, one party profits and the other loses), whereas
globalisation is (at least from the Wikipedia definition) more of a two-way street. Finally, the
use of military force seems to be mentioned only in the definition of imperialism, but it's not
always mentioned (i.e. the use of the word often).
For example, today's globalisation could be deemed similar because we all live under the
economic control of China (because most of our stuff is made there) and the United States
has a lot of influence through many of it's companies operating globally
(e.g. Americanization)

Political globalisation

Political globalisation refers to the amount of political co-operation that exists between
different countries.

This ties in with the belief that “umbrella” global organisations are better placed than
individual states to prevent conflict. The League of Nations established after WW1 was
certainly one of the pioneers in this. Since then, global organisations such as the World
Trade Organisation (WTO), United Nations (UN), and more regional organisations such as
the EU have helped to increase the degree of political globalisation.

Social globalisation

Social globalisation refers to the sharing of ideas and information between and
through different countries.

In today’s world, the Internet and social media is at the heart of this. Good
examples of social globalisation could include internationally popular films,
books and TV series. The Harry Potter/ Twilight films and books have been
successful all over the world, making the characters featured globally
recognisable. However, this cultural flow tends to flow from the centre (i.e.
from developed countries such as the USA to less developed countries). Social
globalisation is often criticised for eroding cultural differences.

Economic globalisation

Economic globalisation refers to the interconnectedness of economies through

trade and the exchange of resources.

Effectively, therefore, no national economy really operates in isolation, which

means national economies influence each other. This is clearly evidenced by
global recession from 2007 onwards. Economic globalisation also means that
there is a two-way structure for technologies and resources. For example
countries like the USA will sell their technologies to countries, which lack these,
and natural resources from developing countries are sold to the developed
countries that need them.