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Experiment No: 6 Verification of Illumination Laws

This document describes an experiment to verify the inverse square law of illumination. The objective is to examine how the apparent brightness of a light source relates to its distance from the observer. The apparatus required includes a power supply, optical bench, lamp holder, lux meter, and various types of lamps. The theory section explains that light intensity is directly proportional to the luminous intensity of the source but inversely proportional to the square of the distance. The procedure involves taking light intensity readings from a lamp at different distances using a lux meter and analyzing the results. Precautions include checking equipment positions and connections before powering on.

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Kunal Tanwar
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316 views

Experiment No: 6 Verification of Illumination Laws

This document describes an experiment to verify the inverse square law of illumination. The objective is to examine how the apparent brightness of a light source relates to its distance from the observer. The apparatus required includes a power supply, optical bench, lamp holder, lux meter, and various types of lamps. The theory section explains that light intensity is directly proportional to the luminous intensity of the source but inversely proportional to the square of the distance. The procedure involves taking light intensity readings from a lamp at different distances using a lux meter and analyzing the results. Precautions include checking equipment positions and connections before powering on.

Uploaded by

Kunal Tanwar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DELHI TECHNICAL CAMPUS, GREATER NOIDA DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL& ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

Experiment No: 6

VERIFICATION OF ILLUMINATION LAWS

6.1 Objective 6.2 Connection diagram 6.3 Apparatus required 6.4 Theory 6.5 Procedure 6.6 Observation
table 6.7 Characteristics 6.8 Result 6.9 Precautions.

6.1 OBJECTIVE:
To verify the Illumination Laws (Inverse Square Law)

6.2 APPARATUS REQUIRED:

Sr. No. Name of the Equipment Range / Type Quantity


1. Power Supply 220Volts, AC 01
2. Optical Bench 01
3. Lamp Holder 01
4. Lux Meter 01
5. Mercury Vapour lamp 01
6. Sodium Vapour lamp 01
7. Filament lamp 01
8. CFL 01
9. LED lights 01
10. Fluorescent Tube 01
11. Connecting Leads / Wires 16 SWG As required

6.3 CONNECTION DIAGRAM:

EXP No (6) (ETEE - 354) Page 1 of 3


DELHI TECHNICAL CAMPUS, GREATER NOIDA DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL& ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

6.4 THEORY:

From everyday experience, it is obvious that light sources appear to become brighter as you
move closer to them. The apparent brightness of the source is related to its distance. However,
moving a light source twice as close to you do not make it twice as bright. In this lab, we will
examine this relationship in some detail.
Astronomically, this correlation between distance and intensity is of great importance, for it
allows the determination of distances to distant stars and galaxies. We will determine the
relationship experimentally, and then use it to answer some astronomical questions.
For this experiment, we use a light detector (Lux Meter) which enables us to make light intensity
measurements that are more precise than those made with the human eye. .

INVERSE SQUARE LAW:


Let 0 be a point source of light, and ds a small element of area at a distance r from it. If Ɵ is the
angle that normal to the surface ds makes with the direction of r, then the solid angle dω subtended by
the area ds at 0 is given by
dω =

If L is the luminous intensity of the source 0 in the direction of r, then


Luminous flux received by the area ds = d, = L dω =

=L
If I is the intensity of illumination at a point on the surface ds, then

I=

EXP No (6) (ETEE - 354) Page 2 of 3


DELHI TECHNICAL CAMPUS, GREATER NOIDA DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL& ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
According to this relation the intensity of illumination of a surface is:
i. Directly proportional to the luminous intensity of the light source.
ii. Inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the source and the surface
iii. Directly proportional to the cosine of the angle between the normal to the surface and
direction of r. this is known as Lambert’s cosine law.

For normal incidence Ɵ = 0

I=

This is Inverse square law, it states that the intensity of illumination is inversely proportional to the
square of the distance between the light source and the given surface.

6.5 PROCEDURE:
(Draw labeled circuit diagram on paper and arrange all the equipments & material required for the
practical.)

STEP 1. Set the optical bench in horizontal position by adjusting leveling screws.
STEP 2. Fix one lamp on the lamp holder.
STEP 3. Fix sensor of Lux Meter on one of the upright of optical bench.
STEP 4. Make the connection as shown in the connection diagram. Switch on the supply.
STEP 5. Take readings of Lux meter for different values of distance between source of light and
sensor of lux meter.
STEP 6. For another set of readings, use different type of lamps & repeat steps 2-4.
STEP 7. Switch off the supply, disconnect the circuit safely.

(Get the connections checked by the lab Faculty/Technician before switch on the supply.)

6.6 OBSERVATION TABLE:

LAMP USED:
S. INTENSITY OF DISTANCE BETWEEN THE SOURCE
REMARKS
N. ILLUMINATION & SURFACE
1
2
3
4
5

6.7 CHARACTERISTICS:

6.8 RESULT:
From the table & Graph above, Inverse Square Law of Illumination is verified.

6.9 PRECAUTIONS:
 Before connecting the AC supply, check the positions of Lamp & Lux Meter.
 Connections should be tight and correct.
 Use correct range instruments only, for better results.
EXP No (6) (ETEE - 354) Page 3 of 3

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