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Gauss' Law: Spherical Symmetry

This document discusses Gauss's law and spherical symmetry. It proves that a shell of uniform charge attracts or repels a charged particle outside the shell as if all of the shell's charge were concentrated at its center. It also proves that a shell of uniform charge exerts no force on a charged particle inside the shell. It demonstrates these concepts and discusses the electric field inside and outside a spherical shell of uniform charge distribution. It also discusses the electric field of an infinite line of charge and applies Gauss's law to calculate the electric field. Finally, it provides an example problem involving the electric fields between two long, concentric charged cylinders.

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sudhansh kumar
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65 views8 pages

Gauss' Law: Spherical Symmetry

This document discusses Gauss's law and spherical symmetry. It proves that a shell of uniform charge attracts or repels a charged particle outside the shell as if all of the shell's charge were concentrated at its center. It also proves that a shell of uniform charge exerts no force on a charged particle inside the shell. It demonstrates these concepts and discusses the electric field inside and outside a spherical shell of uniform charge distribution. It also discusses the electric field of an infinite line of charge and applies Gauss's law to calculate the electric field. Finally, it provides an example problem involving the electric fields between two long, concentric charged cylinders.

Uploaded by

sudhansh kumar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Gauss’ Law: Spherical Symmetry

Prove:
• A shell of uniform charge attracts or repels a charged
particle that is outside the shell as if all the shell’s charge
were concentrated at the center of the shell

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Gauss’ Law: Spherical Symmetry
Prove
• A shell of uniform charge exerts no electrostatic force on
a charged particle that is located inside the shell.

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Gauss’ Law: Spherical Symmetry
Electric Field inside and outside a shell of uniform charge
distribution
Demo: 5A-13 No
Internal Field

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Gauss’ Law: Spherical Symmetry
Spherically Symmetric Charge Distribution

Outside Inside

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Gauss’ Law: Spherical Symmetry
Spherically Symmetric Charge Distribution

Outside
E

Inside R r

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Infinite Line of charge density "
•  From Symmetry: E-field only y Er
depends on distance r from line
•  Therefore, select the Gaussian Er
surface to be a cylinder of radius r
and length h aligned with the x-
axis.
+ + +++++++ + +++++++++++++ + + + + + +
x
h
• Apply Gauss’ Law and assume uniform charge density :

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Example: Gauss’ Law: Cylindrical Symmetry
Two long, charged concentric cylinders have a radii of 3.0 cm and 6.0 cm.
The charge per unit length is 5.0 x 10-6 C/m on the inner cylinder and -7.0 x
10-6 C/m on the outer cylinder. Find the electric field at (a) r = 4.0 cm and (b)
r = 8.0 cm, where r is the radial distance from the common axis.

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Quiz 4: January 19, 2012
There is a certain net flux  through a Gaussian sphere of
radius r enclosing an isolated charged particle. Suppose
the enclosing Gaussian surface is changed to

1 A larger Gaussian sphere of radius 2r


2 A Gaussian cube with edge length r
3 A Gaussian cube with edge length 2r

Rank the net flux for each Gaussian surface:


(A) 1 = 3 > 2 =  "
(B) 2 =  > 1 = 3"
(C)  = 1 = 2 = 3"
(D)  = 1 > 2 = 3"
()  = 1 < 2 = 3"
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