Elements and

Principles
of Art
By the end of this lesson, you should be able
to:
• enumerate the different elements of visual and
auditory art;
• differentiate the principles of art;
• provide examples of some of the elements and
principles of art;
• explain the relevance of the elements and principles
of art in the study of art and its products (artworks);
and
 Elements of Art and Design
1. Line
 It refers to to a point moving at identifiable path, it
has length and direction.
It is one-dimensional, however, it has the capacity to
either define the perimeters of the artwork (edges)
and/or become a substantial component of the
composition.
Although, line is “simple”, it has variations in view of its
 >Orientation of Lines
a)Horizontal and Vertical lines
Horizontal
• It is normally associated with rest or calm.
• Landscapes often contain these elements as works
like these often connote a visual sense of being
parallel to the ground.
• It also alludes to position of the reclined body rest.
Vertical lines
2 - 3 . Shapes and Form
• these two are related to each other in the
sense that they define the space occupied by
the object of art
• Shape refers to two dimensions:
-Height and Width.
• Forms refers to three dimensions :
-Height, Width, and Depth.
2 categories can be used as a broad
distinction:
a)Geometric
- these shapes find origin in mathematical propositions.
- includes shapes such as squares, triangles, cubes, spheres,
and cones, among others.
b) Organic
- those readily occuring in nature, often irregular and
assymentrical.
4. Space
• It is usually inferred from a sense of depth, whether it is real or
simulated.
• Real space is three-dimensional.
• In two-dimensioanl artworks,
• Positive and negative space
- usually idientified with the white space is the
negative space. The postive psace is the space
where shadowe is heavily used.
• Three-dimensional space
- can be simulated through a variety of
techniques such as shading.
5. Color
• Color perharps one of the lements that enhances
the appeal of an artwork. Its effect has range,
allowing the viewer to make responses based on
memory, emotion, and instinct, among others.
• This element is a property of light, as it is reflected
off the object. Without light, one cannot perceive
color.
 The color wheel corresponds to the
first proiperty of color, hue.
a) Hue
- This dimension of color gives its name. It can be
subdivided into :
• Primary colors - red, yellow, and blue
• Secondary colors - green, orange, and violet
• Tertiary colors - six in total , when primary and
secondary colors are mixed
b) Value
- This refers to the brightness or darkness of color.
• Light colors - taken as the source of light in the
composition
• Dark colors - the lack or even absence of light
Range of values
• Tint
- is a lighter color than the normal value
• Shade
- a darker color than the normal value
c) Intensity
- is the color's brightness or dullness
- identified as the strength of color,
whether it is vivid or muted
• Bright or warm colors
- positive energy
• Dull or cool colors
- sedate/ soothing, seriousness or calm
6. Texture
• This element in an artwork is experienced
through the sense of touch (aqnd sight).
• It renders the art onjcet tactile.
• Often, texture is commonly associated with
textiles.
Planes and Perspective
• Some art forms work with actual
spaces, such as scupltors, architects,
and stage designers.
• Picture plane - the actual surface of the
painting or drawing, where no illusion or
a third dimension exists.
Three types of Perspective
a. one-point perspective
- often used in depicting roads, tracks, hallways, or rows of trees ;
this type of perspective shows parallel lines that seem to converge at
a specific and lone vanishing point, along the horizon line
b. two-point perspective
- pertains to a painting or drawing that makes use of two vanishing
point. It is often used in depicting structures such as houses or
buildings in the landscape that are viewed from a specific corner.
c. three-point perspective
- in this type of perspective, the viewer is looking at the scene from
above or below.
Elements of Arts :
Auditory
Common Elements of Music
1. Rhythm
- often associated to the terms beat, meter, and tempo
- the lent of music that situates it in time
- it is the pulse of music
• Beat - is the basic unit of music
• Tempo - refers to iots speed(beats/second)
• Meter - recognizable recurrent pattern
2. Dynamics
- the lement of music that refers to the loudness
or quietness of music
3. Melody
- refers to the linear presentation (horizontal) of
pitch. Pitch is the highness or lowness of musical
sound.
4. Harmony
- vertical presentation. It arises when pitches are
combinedto form chords. When several notes are
5. Timbre
- often likened to color of music. It is a quality that
distinguishes a voice or an instrument from another.
The timbre may give a certain tone or
characteristics to music.
6. Texture
- the number of melodies, the type of layers, and
their relatedness in a composition is the texture of
music. It maybe monophonic, polyphonic, or
Principles of Art
1. Balance
- this principle refers to the distribution of the visual
elements in view of their placement in relation to each other.

3 forms of balance:
a. symmetrical - used on one side are reflected to the other. This offers the most stable visual sense to any artwork

b. asymmetrical - not the same (not the same weight) on each side, putting the heaviness on one side

c. radial - is acentral point in the composition, around which elements and objects are distributed
2. Scale and Poroportion
• Scale - the size in relation to what is normal for the figure
or object in question
• Proportion - the size of the components, or of objects in
relation to one another when taken as a composition or a
unit
• Proportion can be natural, exaggerated, and idealized
3-4. Emphasis and Contrast
• Emphasis - alows the attention of the viewer to a focal
point
• Contrast - disparity between the elements that figure into
the composition
5-6. Unity and Variety
• Unity - sense of completeness
• Variety - aims to retain the interest by allowing
patches that both excite and allow the eye to
rest
7. Harmony
- achieve a sense of flow and interconnectedness
8.Movement
- direction of the viewing eye as it goes through the
artwork
9. Rhythm
- when the elemnt is repeated, creating movement
10- 11. Repetition and pattern
- recurring manner
THANK YOU
!!!!