MCE 3203 APPLIED MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS LAB REPORT

MCE 3203 – APPLIED MECHANICAL

VIBRATIONS
Lab Report 6: Learning Outcomes 5
Dynamic Vibration Absorber
Student Name HCT - ID

Plagiarism
Plagiarism will be dealt with very seriously. In some cases, to clarify the report

and associated programs, some students may be randomly selected to attend an

oral assessment to demonstrate certain MATLAB programming tasks on

computers.

Instruction:
Download the MS Word Document, and enter your work. Type all your

discussions, calculations, and interpretations in the appropriate space under the

specified headings.

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MCE 3203 APPLIED MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS LAB REPORT

Dynamic Vibration Absorber 1

Background Theory
When a structure is externally excited, it will have undesirable vibrations. The

amplitude of vibration will be maximal when the system gets excited close to its

natural frequency and this can cause rapid catastrophic failure. Hence it

becomes necessary to neutralize these vibrations. One of the methods for

neutralizing these vibrations is by coupling a vibrating system to it so that the

amplitude can be brought down to zero. This kind of vibrating system is known

as vibration absorber or dynamic vibration absorber (DVA). DVA’s are used to

control structural vibrations where it concentrates on neutralizing the

amplitude of vibration at resonance. Some practical examples of dynamic

vibration absorber showed in Figures 1 and 2.

Figure 1. Dynamic vibration absorber in steel stack

1
http://mdmv-nitk.vlabs.ac.in/index.html - Virtual Machine Dynamics and Mechanical Vibrations

Lab

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MCE 3203 APPLIED MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS LAB REPORT

Figure 2. Dynamic vibration absorber PCB

To study the dynamic absorber system, a real system considered as main system

is modelled as an equivalent single degree of freedom system and it is excited

by a harmonic excitation force F= F0 sinωt. The steady state response of the

system is given by x= X sin (ωt+φ). Steady state amplitude of vibration of the

proposed single degree of freedom system will be maximum at the resonance. To

neutralize the effect at resonance, the main system couples with an absorber

system. This coupling will affect (suppress) the amplitude of vibration of the

main system. By the addition of absorber system, single degree of freedom

analysis cannot hold. Hence whole system should be considered two degree of

freedom system.

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MCE 3203 APPLIED MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS LAB REPORT

Figure 3. A single degree of freedom system and vibration absorber system

The free-body diagrams of the masses and are shown in Fig. 4.

Figure 4. Free body diagram of vibration absorber system

By application of Newton’s second law of motion to each of the masses gives the

equations of motion as:

(1)

(2)

Steady state response of two degree of freedom is assumed as,

(a)

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MCE 3203 APPLIED MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS LAB REPORT

By substituting x1 and x2 in equation 1 and 2 we get:

(3)
(4)

Solving the eqs 3 and 4, amplitude of vibration of main system and absorber

system are given by:

(5)

(6)

From eq. 5 it can be observed that the amplitude of vibration of main system X1

can be zero if numerator becomes zero

Or (7)

From eq. 7, it can be concluded that when the excitation frequency is equal to

the natural frequency of the absorber, then main system amplitude becomes

zero even though it is excited by harmonic force. Dimensionless form of

equation 5 and 6 can be written as:

(1-r2^2)/ (r1^2*r2^2-((1+mu)*r2^2+r1^2)+1)

1)/(r1^2*r2^2-((1+mu)*r2^2+r1^2)+1)

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MCE 3203 APPLIED MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS LAB REPORT

(8)

(9)

Equations 8 and 9 give the amplitude response of main system and absorber

system as a function of exciting frequency. Where,

Xst = F0/k1 = Static (zero frequency) deflection of the main system.

ω1 = Natural frequency of the main system

ω2 = Natural frequency of the absorber system

ω = Frequency of external excitation

μ = ratio of absorber stiffness to the main stiffness

Fig 5 shows the variation of X1/Xst for different frequency ratios.

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MCE 3203 APPLIED MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS LAB REPORT

Figure 5. variation of X1/Xst for different frequency ratios

Note: As seen from the plot above, a serious limitation of the tuned absorber

design is that it is tied to the frequency of the force. If the frequency of the

harmonic force changes, the main mass will oscillate.

Other useful references for theory:

https://www.acs.psu.edu/drussell/Demos/absorber/DynamicAbsorber.html

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MCE 3203 APPLIED MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS LAB REPORT

Objective
 To set secondary mass parameters in order to absorb primary mass

vibrations.

 To study the variation in amplitude of primary mass and secondary mass with

change in secondary mass for a given operating frequency.

Apparatus
Virtual Labs - Machine Dynamics and Mechanical Vibrations Lab. Link:

http://mdmv-nitk.vlabs.ac.in/exp8/index.html#

Procedure
 Click on the link (http://mdmv-nitk.vlabs.ac.in/exp8/index.html#) to open

the Virtual Labs Page. Once on that page, click on “Simulator” button. Click

on the experiment link: “expR” (Again: on this page, you may have to press on

SIMULATOR button, Allow Adobe Flash, in order to get to the simulated

experiment)

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MCE 3203 APPLIED MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS LAB REPORT

 Caution: You (the student) must replace the given plots with your own graphs

captured from the screen after you set up the numbers as instructed.

 Follow the steps outlined below…

For steps 1--5, use the first raw of the Input and Observation Table provided

in the Appendix.

Step 1. Set the value of primary mass and stiffness (M1, k1). Click Play button.

Step 2. Set the operating frequency at which you wish to operate the system,

but near ω1.

Step 3. Using the sliders, vary the value of secondary mass and stiffness (m2,

k2) such that the vibration in primary mass reduces to zero or near zero. You

must align the vertical line on the (X1/Xst) plot with the point of resonance.

Step 4. If you cannot achieve a zero amplitude, set the value of the operating

frequency to the value of ω2, displayed at the bottom of the plot. This should

make the amplitude zero. Resulting M2 and K2 are the solutions of the dynamic

absorber for this operating frequency.

Step 5. Click right arrow to observe the graph of X1/X st, X2/Xst. Copy and

Paste these two plots to your document. Make an interpretation.

Step 6. Complete all the rows and columns of the Input and Observation

Table. For given Main parameters M1 and K1 in the Table below, Vary the

auxiliary parameters (M2, K2) using the sliders until the amplitude of vibration

of the main mass reduces to near zero. Record the resulting values from the

screen: X1/Xs, X2/Xs, ω1, ω2, complete the table below.

Step 7. Plot X1/Xst, X2/Xst vs μ = K2/K1, Plot X1/Xst, X2/Xst vs r2 = ω/ω1. Use

Matlab or Excel to do your plots.

Step 8. Provide an interpretation of the plots that you created.

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MCE 3203 APPLIED MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS LAB REPORT

Input and Observation Table to be completed

Group #: Main Parameters Observed Parameters

M1 K1 ω1 ω μ M2 K2 ω2 r1 r2 X1/Xst X2/Xst
kg N/m rad/s rad/s μ kg N/m rad/s        
200 2022 3.18                  
234 2340 3.16                  
255 2540 3.16                  
270 2623 3.12                  
280 2871 3.20                  
311 3102 3.16                  
333 3212 3.11                  
340 3528 3.22                  
378 3761 3.15                  
383 3914 3.20                  
410 4052 3.14                  
437 4233 3.11                  
449 4509 3.17                  
467 4734 3.18                  
489 4864 3.15                  

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MCE 3203 APPLIED MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS LAB REPORT

Plots of the Main Response Amplitude

Discussion of Results

Conclusions / Reflections

References

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MCE 3203 APPLIED MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS LAB REPORT

Appendix A. Group Input Data and Observation Tables

Caution: Each group please select your group data, and erase the other tables
before you submit your report.
Input and Observation Table to be completed
Group 1: Main Parameters Observed Parameters

M1 K1 ω1 ω μ M2 K2 ω2 r1 r2 X1/Xst X2/Xst
kg N/m rad/s rad/s μ kg N/m rad/s        
200 2022 3.18                  
234 2340 3.16                  
255 2540 3.16                  
270 2623 3.12                  
280 2871 3.20                  
311 3102 3.16                  
333 3212 3.11                  
340 3528 3.22                  
378 3761 3.15                  
383 3914 3.20                  
410 4052 3.14                  
437 4233 3.11                  
449 4509 3.17                  
467 4734 3.18                  
489 4864 3.15                  

Group 2: Main Paramters Observed Paramters

M1 K1 ω1 ω μ M2 K2 ω2 r1 r2 X1/Xst X2/Xst
kg N/m rad/s rad/s μ kg N/m rad/s        
213 2098 3.14                  
236 2339 3.15                  
240 2578 3.28                  
271 2694 3.15                  
282 2945 3.23                  
309 3181 3.21                  
334 3337 3.16                  
351 3411 3.12                  

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MCE 3203 APPLIED MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS LAB REPORT

375 3688 3.14                  

382 3811 3.16                  
414 4088 3.14                  
426 4200 3.14                  
459 4445 3.11                  
479 4759 3.15                  
485 4858 3.16                  

Group 3: Main Paramters Observed Paramters

M1 K1 ω1 ω μ M2 K2 ω2 r1 r2 X1/Xst X2/Xst
kg N/m rad/s rad/s μ kg N/m rad/s        
217 2161 3.16                  
230 2335 3.19                  
242 2493 3.21                  
270 2645 3.13                  
296 2861 3.11                  
320 3163 3.14                  
336 3392 3.18                  
351 3463 3.14                  
370 3650 3.14                  
384 3838 3.16                  
418 4042 3.11                  
429 4365 3.19                  
459 4527 3.14                  
463 4725 3.19                  
489 4993 3.20                  

Group 4: Main Paramters Observed Paramters

M1 K1 ω1 ω μ M2 K2 ω2 r1 r2 X1/Xst X2/Xst
kg N/m rad/s rad/s μ kg N/m rad/s        
213 2169 3.19                  
239 2297 3.10                  
248 2476 3.16                  
262 2665 3.19                  

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MCE 3203 APPLIED MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS LAB REPORT

300 2933 3.13                  

320 3095 3.11                  
324 3367 3.22                  
357 3473 3.12                  
373 3723 3.16                  
389 3932 3.18                  
402 4007 3.16                  
436 4321 3.15                  
445 4450 3.16                  
461 4677 3.19                  
490 4955 3.18                  

Group 5: Main Paramters Observed Paramters

M1 K1 ω1 ω μ M2 K2 ω2 r1 r2 X1/Xst X2/Xst
kg N/m rad/s rad/s μ kg N/m rad/s        
203 2007 3.14                  
223 2240 3.17                  
255 2471 3.11                  
260 2759 3.26                  
292 2953 3.18                  
308 3187 3.22                  
326 3292 3.18                  
351 3503 3.16                  
380 3628 3.09                  
391 3840 3.13                  
411 4141 3.17                  
439 4336 3.14                  
442 4511 3.19                  
480 4758 3.15                  
496 4872 3.13                  

Group 6: Main Paramters Observed Paramters

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MCE 3203 APPLIED MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS LAB REPORT

M1 K1 ω1 ω μ M2 K2 ω2 r1 r2 X1/Xst X2/Xst
kg N/m rad/s rad/s μ kg N/m rad/s        
211 2127 3.17                  
229 2350 3.20                  
255 2533 3.15                  
263 2760 3.24                  
280 2942 3.24                  
300 3109 3.22                  
339 3376 3.16                  
347 3470 3.16                  
369 3676 3.16                  
383 3812 3.15                  
415 4105 3.15                  
421 4332 3.21                  
453 4493 3.15                  
479 4756 3.15                  
482 4812 3.16                  

Group 7: Main Paramters Observed Paramters

M1 K1 ω1 ω μ M2 K2 ω2 r1 r2 X1/Xst X2/Xst
kg N/m rad/s rad/s μ kg N/m rad/s        
207 2145 3.22                  
233 2367 3.19                  
248 2587 3.23                  
267 2700 3.18                  
288 2857 3.15                  
317 3058 3.11                  
325 3265 3.17                  
350 3536 3.18                  
362 3754 3.22                  
398 3991 3.17                  
416 4149 3.16                  
436 4286 3.14                  
460 4429 3.10                  

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MCE 3203 APPLIED MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS LAB REPORT

480 4771 3.15                  

496 4819 3.12                  

Group 8: Main Paramters Observed Paramters

M1 K1 ω1 ω μ M2 K2 ω2 r1 r2 X1/Xst X2/Xst
kg N/m rad/s rad/s μ kg N/m rad/s        
208 2141 3.21                  
228 2338 3.20                  
256 2481 3.11                  
276 2736 3.15                  
282 2800 3.15                  
310 3190 3.21                  
331 3349 3.18                  
353 3445 3.12                  
361 3680 3.19                  
382 3990 3.23                  
409 4143 3.18                  
437 4255 3.12                  
457 4514 3.14                  
463 4753 3.20                  
480 4848 3.18                  

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