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Cryptography What Is Cryptography?

Cryptography involves encrypting messages to conceal their meaning and can be used for confidentiality or authentication. There are two main types: symmetric key cryptography which uses a single key for encryption and decryption, and asymmetric key cryptography which uses separate public and private keys. Common symmetric algorithms include AES, DES, and 3DES while asymmetric algorithms include RSA and Diffie-Hellman. Cryptography also involves cryptographic hashes and digital signatures to authenticate messages.

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33 views

Cryptography What Is Cryptography?

Cryptography involves encrypting messages to conceal their meaning and can be used for confidentiality or authentication. There are two main types: symmetric key cryptography which uses a single key for encryption and decryption, and asymmetric key cryptography which uses separate public and private keys. Common symmetric algorithms include AES, DES, and 3DES while asymmetric algorithms include RSA and Diffie-Hellman. Cryptography also involves cryptographic hashes and digital signatures to authenticate messages.

Uploaded by

Edelwise Ignacio
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Cryptography

 Has evolved into a complex science in the field of information security 2


What is Cryptography?
 Part of a field of study known as cryptology
 Cryptology includes:
- Cryptography Study of methods for secret writing Transforming messages into
unintelligible form Recovering messages using some secret knowledge (key)
- Cryptanalysis: Analysis of cryptographic systems, inputs and outputs To derive
confidential information
Cryptography
 Encryption – process of transforming plaintext to ciphertext using a cryptographic key
 Symmetric key cryptography – uses a single key to both encrypt and decrypt
information. Also known as private key. - Includes DES, 3DES, AES, IDEA, RC5, Blowfish
 Asymmetric key cryptography – separate keys for encryption and decryption (public
and private key pairs)
- Includes RSA, Diffie-Hellman, El Gamal 2
Terminology of cryptography
  Cipher -  Cryptographic technique (algorithm) applying a secret transformation to
messages
  Plaintext / cleartext -  Original message or data
  Encryption -  Transforming plaintext, using a secret key, so meaning is concealed
  Ciphertext -  Unintelligible encrypted plaintext
  Decryption -  Transforming ciphertext back into original plaintext
  Cryptographic Key -  Secret knowledge used by cipher to encrypt or decrypt message

Symmetric Key Algorithm


  Stream ciphers – encrypts bits of the message at a time
  Block ciphers – takes a block of bits and encrypts them as a single unit
 Cryptography
  Digital Signature – sender encrypts message with own private key instead of
encrypting with intended receiver’s public key
  Message digests – produces a condensed representation of a message (hashing)
- MD5
- SHA-1
- HMAC 2
Secret Key Algorithms
  DES – block cipher using shared key encryption, 56-bit
  3DES (Triple DES) – a block cipher that applies DES three times to each data
block
  RC4 – variable-length key, “stream cipher” (generate stream from key, XOR with
data)
  AES – replacement for DES; current standard
DES
 Data Encryption Standard
 Developed by IBM for the US government in 1973-1974, and approved in Nov 1976.
 Based on Horst Feistel’s Lucifer cipher
 block cipher using shared key encryption, 56-bit key length
 Block size: 64 bits 2
Triple DES
 3DES (Triple DES) – a block cipher that applies DES three times to each data block
 Uses a key bundle comprising of three DES keys (K1, K2, K3), each with 56 bits
excluding parity.
 DES encrypts with K1, decrypts with K2, then encrypts with K3 - Ci=
EK1(DK2(EK1(Pi)))  Disadvantage: very slow 2

AES
•  Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) Cipher
•  Published in November 2001
•  Symmetric block cipher
•  Has a fixed block size of 128 bits
•  Has a key size of 128, 192, or 256 bits
•  Based on Rijndael cipher which was developed by Joan Daemen and Vincent Rijmen
2

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