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Integrated Circuits - Intro

Integrated circuits are miniature, low-cost electronic circuits consisting of active and passive components irreparably joined together on a single silicon chip. This provides numerous advantages over discrete circuits, including miniaturization, cost reduction, increased reliability, improved performance, matched devices, increased speeds due to lack of parasitic capacitance, and lower power consumption. Monolithic ICs have all components manufactured onto a single silicon chip, making them ideal for large-scale identical circuits. Hybrid ICs attach separate components to a ceramic substrate with interconnections, allowing for smaller custom circuits. Integrated circuits can be classified as bipolar or unipolar based on the active devices used.

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Cedric Montiano
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33 views

Integrated Circuits - Intro

Integrated circuits are miniature, low-cost electronic circuits consisting of active and passive components irreparably joined together on a single silicon chip. This provides numerous advantages over discrete circuits, including miniaturization, cost reduction, increased reliability, improved performance, matched devices, increased speeds due to lack of parasitic capacitance, and lower power consumption. Monolithic ICs have all components manufactured onto a single silicon chip, making them ideal for large-scale identical circuits. Hybrid ICs attach separate components to a ceramic substrate with interconnections, allowing for smaller custom circuits. Integrated circuits can be classified as bipolar or unipolar based on the active devices used.

Uploaded by

Cedric Montiano
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Integrated Circuits

Introduction

The integrated circuit or IC is a miniature, low cost electronic circuit consisting of active and passive
components that are irreparably joined together on a single crystal chip of silicon.
This circuits offer a number of distinct advantages over those made by interconnecting discrete components.
These may be listed as follows:

• Miniaturization and hence increased equipment density


• Cost reduction due to batch processing
• Increased system reliability due to the elimination of soldered joints
• Improved functional performance (as it is possible to fabricated even complex circuits for better
characteristics)
• Matched devices
• Increased operating speeds (due to the absence of parasitic capacitance effect)
• Reduction in power consumption.

Classification
In monolithic integrated circuits, all circuit components, both active and passive elements and their
interconnections are manufactured into or on top of a single chip of silicon. The monolithic circuit is ideal for
applications where identical circuits are required in very large quantities and hence provides lowest per-unit
cost and highest order of reliability.
In hybrid circuits, separate component parts are attached to a ceramic substrate and interconnected by means
of either metallization pattern or wire bonds. This technology is more adaptable to small quantity custom
circuits. Based upon the active devices used, ICs can be classified as bipolar (using BJT) and unipolar (using
FET). Bipolar and unipolar ICs may further be classified upon the isolation technique or type of FET used.
Activity 1

Answer the following questions. Write your answers on a short bond paper on portrait orientation,
engineering lettering is NOT required but ensure that the writing is legible. No margins required. No cover
page required. Just put your name on top of the paper write Activity 1 before the questions. Also, write the
questions before writing your answer.
1. Define active and passive components, give three examples of each.
2. Define parasitic capacitance effect.
3. In your own words, define is monolithic and hybrid circuits.
4. Write a brief history of Integrated Circuits.

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