CUMENE TANK

Design Description:

Cumene storage tanks are vertical cylindrical shell with torispherical heads and bottoms.

Design Assumptions:

1. Torispherical heads and bottoms are used because it can handle pressures up to 10bars
(Grote & Antonsson, 2009).
2. H/D = 2 (Butterworth-Heinemann,1990)
3. Thirty days capacity often is specified for raw materials and products, but depends on
connecting transportation equipment schedules (Butterworth-Heinemann, 1990).
4. One tank was assumed and designed to hold the feed for 30 days.
5. 16 hours of operation per day

Design Calculations:

 Temperature of Cumene: 25˚C

 Pressure:

Calculations for Tank Volume:

kg
ρCumene =864
m3

kg
MW Cumene =120 . 190
kmol

kmol kg 16hrs
mCumene=20 ×120 .19 × ×30days=1,153,824 .0 00 kg
hr kmol day

1m 3
v Cumene=1,153,824 .000 kg× = 1 ,335.444 m3
864 kg
Assuming 10% Allowance (Butterworth-Heinemann, 1990)

Volume of Tank = 1 ,335.444 m3 × 1.1 = 1468.989 m3

Calculations for Tank Height:

 Top and bottom are torispherical heads

Volume of Tank = V Cylinder + (2V T .Head )

Volume of Torispherical Head = 0.0778 × D3 (Walas et. al, 2012)

π
Volume of Cylinder = ×D2 ×H
4
π
Total Volume= ( ×D2 ×H ) + (0 . 0778 ×D 3×2)
4
 But H = 2D (Butterworth-Heinemann, 1990)

π
Volume of Cumene Tank= ( ×D2 ×2D) + (0 .0778 ×D3 ×2 )
4

π
Volume of Cumene Tank= ( ×D3 ) + (0 .1556 ×D3 )
2

π
Volume of Cumene Tank= ( ×D3 ) + (0 .1556 ×D3 )
2

π
1468 .989 m3 = ( ×D3 ) + (0. 1556 × D3 )
2

D= 9.779 m

H = 2 × 9.779 m

H = 19.558 m
Calculations for Mixture Height:

3
 v Cumene = 1 ,335 .444 m

π
Total Volume= ( ×D2 ×H ) + (0 . 0778 ×D 3×2)
4

π
1 ,335 . 444 m3 = ( ×D2×H cumene ) + (0 . 0778 ×D3 ×2 )
4

π
1 ,335 . 444 m3 = ( ×D2×H cumene ) + (0 . 0778 ×(9 .779 )3×2)
4

H mixture =15 .843 m

Calculations for Shell Thickness:

PD
t= +C
2Se−P ; (Hesse and Rushton, 1975)

Where:

t = Shell thickness

P = Maximum allowable working Pressure (psi)

D = Inside Diameter (inch)

S = Maximum Allowable Tensile Stress

e = efficiency of welded Joint

C = Corrosion allowance

For Smax allowable working pressure

S = Su × Fm × Fs × Fr×Fa
 where:

Su = minimum Specified tensile strength = 55 000 psi (Carbon Steel A285)

Fm = Material Factor = 1

Fs = Temperature Factor = 0.25

Fr = Stress relief factor = 1

Fa = Radiographing Factor = 1

S = Su × Fm × Fs × Fr×Fa

S = 55000 psi ×1×0.25×1×1

S = 13,750 psi

 Efficiency = 80% (double butt joint)

 Corrosion Allowance = 1/4

Working Pr essure ( P )= Vapor Pressure + ρgH

From Perry’s Chemical Engineering Handbook page 2-55

Vapor Pressure : ln P = C1 +( C2/T) +( C3⋅lnT) +( C4⋅T C5 )

For Cumene :

C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 P at Tmin Tmin (K)

(Pa)
102.81- 8,674.6 -11.922 7.0048E-06 2 4.71e-04 177.14

Vapor pressure = 823.720 Pa

With 20% excess pressure

Vapor Pressure = 823.720 Pa (1.2) = 988.44 Pa

 Substituting values to the t equation

PD
t= +C
2Se−P

14 . 7 psi 3. 28 ft 12inches
0 . 98844 KPa( )( 9 .779 m)( )( )
101 .325 KPa m 1 ft 1
t= +
14 . 7 psi 4
2(13,750 )(0. 80)−0 . 98844 kPa( )
101 .325 kPa

1m 1000 mm
t = 0.251 inch × × = 6.401 mm
39.37 in 1m

Calculations for Shell Thickness:

L = D − 6 inch ; (Butterworth-Heinemann, 1990)

39 .37 in
L = (9 .779+(2(6 .401×10−3 ))m( )+ 6 inch
1m

1m
L = 391.503 in × = 9.944 m
39.37 in

Calculations for Knuckle Radius:

Kr= 0.06 D ; (Butterworth-Heinemann, 1990)

−3
Kr= 0.06 (2(6.401×10 ))m

Kr=0 . 184 m

Calculations for Head and Bottom thickness:

 PLW
ht =
2 SE ; (Hesse and Rushton, 1975)

where:
Kr 0.184
= = 0 .056
L 3.26
W = 1.768 (Hesse and Rushton, 1975)
14 . 7 psi
0 .98844 KPa( )(392. 503 in)(1. 768)
101 .325 KPa 1
ht = +
2×13750 ×. 8 4

1 m 1000mm
ht = 0.255 in ( )( )
39.37 in 1m
ht = 6.465 mm

Calculation for Height of Head:

From Eqn. 4-14, p. 92, PED by Hesse and Rushton, 1975:

D2
√
H head = L − L2 −
4
9.7792

H head = 1.285 m
√
H head =9.944 − 9 .944 2 −
4

Calculation for Total Height:

Ht= 9.779 m + 2(1.285 m)

Ht=12.349 m
Calculation for Nozzle Outlet:

o From Process Engineering and Design using visual basic by Arun Datta,
liquid outlet nozzles are generally designed based on the liquid superficial
velocity of 1m/s.
V = Av
1 ,335.444 m3 1 day 1 hr π d 2 1m
× × =( )( )
30 days 24 hrs 3600 s 4 s
d= 0.025 m

Calculation for Wall thickness of nozzle (minimum outlet):

PR
Nt= ¿ ¿
SE − 0.6 P ; ASME Section I & Section VIII Fundamentals

14 .7 psi 3 .28ft 12inches 1

0 .98844 KPa( )(0 . 140m)( )( )( )
101. 325 KPa m 1ft 2
Nt =
14 .7 psi
(13,750 )(0 . 80)−(0 .6 )(0 .98844 kPa )( )
101 .325 kPa

Nt = 3.592 ×10−5 in =9.126×10−4 mm

Calculation for Diameter of Nozzle inlet

 From Process Engineering and Design using visual basic by Arun Datta, liquid
outlet nozzles are generally designed based on the liquid superficial velocity of
1.04m/s.

V = Av

1 ,335.444 m3 1 day 1 hr π d 2 1.04m

× × =( )( )
30 day 24 hrs 3600 s 4 s
 d= 0.025 m

Calculation for Wall thickness of nozzle (minimum) inlet

PR
Nt= ¿ASME Section I & Section VIII Fundamentals¿
SE−0.6 P
14.7 psi 3.28 ft 12inches 1
0. 98844 KPa( )(0. 138 m)( )( )( )
101. 325 KPa m 1 ft 2
Nt =
14 .7 psi
(13,750)(0. 80)−(0.6)(0. 98844 kPa)( )
101 . 325 kPa
Nt = 3.541×10−5 in =8.995×10−4 mm

Design Consideration for Manhole

 Standard on all A.S.M.E. Tanks is 42 in. diameter and larger. (Parker Boiler Co.)