Example 5.1.

10 (page 109)
1) INPUT DESIGN DATA Chainage =
Center to center span (Effective span) = 7200

Dead Load 10 kN/m2 Ved 97.2 kN Md = 175.0

Live load 6 kN/m2 Ved 64.8 kN Ml = 116.6
Ved 162 kN M = 291.6

3. Material Parameters Of Section

𝒇_𝒄𝒎 (𝒕)= 𝒇_𝒄𝒎 𝒆𝒙𝒑[𝑺 {𝟏−(𝟐𝟖/𝒕)^(𝟏/𝟐) }]
3.1 Concrete eq. 6.2
Characteristic concrete compression strength fck (MPa) fck =
Design compressive stress in concrete fcd =
Use eq. 6.2, S= 0.25 t= 7 days 0.7788 0.9016
Mean concrete compressive strength at age T days fcm(t) =
Concrete strength at 7th day fck(t) =
Effective concrete tensile stress EO-A2-2 fct,eff =fct,m =
Short term modulus of elasticity of concrete Ecm Ecm =

3.2 Steel
Modulus of elasticity of steel Es (MPa) = 200000 Es =
Yeild Strength Of Steel fyk (MPa) = 500 fyk =

Permissible Stresses
Max. allowable comp. stress in concrete Cl 12.2.1 (Rare) < 0.48fck =
Max. comp. stress in concrete for linear creep, quasi-perm for linear creep =
Maximum allowable tensile stress in steel (under rare combination) =
Max. allowable tensile stress in steel (quasi-perm.) for no fatigue analysis =
Maximum allowable crack width Table-12.1 (mm) = 0.3 =

4. Geometrical Parameters of section

Flange width =
Flange depth =
Web width =
Web depth =
=
Area =
yt =
IXX =
INA =
Effective Flange width Effective depth, d =
b1 b2 beff1 beff2 beff
875 875 875 875 2,000.0

5. Reinforcement Details Exposure condition Severe Clear cover

Nos. 6 Bar dia 20 Area, Ast 1884.96
 6. Structural design of section
6.1 Design for Flexure
Limit State (Rectangular stress distribution) Method

Girder Section only xc 44 mm

B H CG(top) Area, mm2 Ci, kN
Top flange 2000 100 17.6 70400.0 782.2 17.60 mm
Web 250 350 0 0.0 0.0 782.2 kN
Balanced NA depth will be 182.41 mm
xu, mm 182.41 C 2349.8 kN @ x1 53.9615 z= 346 M
x , mm 44.00 C 782.2 kN @ x1 17.6 z= 382 M
Ast for x= 44 1798.2 1798.2
Balanced Moment Capacity, Mu 813.12 kNm Astu = 5401.84
Design Moment 291.6 kNm
section is safe and assumed girder section is adequate

Provided Reinforcement will be Ast 1,885 mm2

Check for Minimum & Maximum reinforcement (cl. 16.5.1)

Minimum Reinforcement Ast min =
Maximum Reinforcement Ast max =
Provided reinforcement is 1884.96 mm2 > 130 mm2 SAFE

xo Ma Ast, mm2 x , mm C, kN d, mm y z M, kNm

3.6 292 1,885.0 44.00 786.1 400.0 17.6 382 301
2.88 280 1,885.0 44.00 786.1 400.0 17.6 382 301
2.16 245 1,885.0 44.00 786.1 400.0 17.6 382 301
1.44 187 1,885.0 44.00 786.1 400.0 17.6 382 301
0.72 105 1,256.6 31.00 553.9 400.0 12.4 388 215
0.40 61 1,256.6 31.00 553.9 400.0 12.4 388 215
0.00 0 1,256.6 31.00 553.9 400.0 12.4 388 215

𝒔=(𝝅𝒅^𝟐.𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎/(𝟒 𝑨_𝒔𝒕)
6.2 SHEAR FORCE DESIGN

Design SF Ved =
bw 250 d 400.0 z 360 Ac =
K= 1.707 vmin 0.3457 ρl =
Ned 0.000 σcp 0.000
Design shear resistance of the member concrete Vrd,c =
ν1 ν 0.552 αcw 1.000 θ 45 0.7854 rad.
Max. Allowable SF without reduction factor Vrd,c, max =
Max. possible Shear Force for the section Ved, max =
 Design SF 162 kN < Max. Allowable SF 277.19 kN, Provided section is OK.
Design SF 162kN > Resistive SF 34.57 kN, Design for shear reinforcements
Minimum Shear reinforcement Asw, min /s =
φ 8 α 90 1.5708 rad. Nos. of legs 2 Asw =
Provided Spacing 500 mm 558.51 Asw/s =

6.2.1 Design for Shear Reinforcement

Provided vertical shear reinforcement only and assume vertical stirrups dia as 10/12/16 mm, with minimum/ma
spacing (s) of 75 mm/0.75d. z = 0.9d for RCC.
Assume minimum value of θ = 21.8 0.38048 rad

Vrds 162.0
Bar dia for shear (single leg vertical stirrups) reinforcement d =
Area of Shear (single leg vertical stirrups) reinforcement required =
Provided nos of legs for vertical stirrups n =
Spacing required 243.0 mm Spacing Provided =
Spacing should be more than 75 mm and less than 0.75d i.e. 300 mm
(As per IRC:112-2011 , CL : 16.6.1.1(4) , Pg.no :182) Spacing is O.K.
Provided Shear reinforcement =
Provided shear resistance by shear reinforcement Vrd,s =
Design SF 162 kN < Provided shear resistive SR 178.91 kN, Provided section is OK.
Provide 2 legged vertical shear stirrups, 8 mm dia & c/c spacing of 220 mm.

xo Fa Ast, mm2 bw d bar dia nos. of legs Asc s sp

3.60 0.10 457.0 250 400 8.00 2.00 101 415474 300
2.88 32 457.0 250 400 8.00 2.00 101 1215 300
2.16 65 457.0 250 400 8.00 2.00 101 607 300
1.44 97 457.0 250 400 8.00 2.00 101 405 300
0.72 130 457.0 250 400 8.00 2.00 101 304 220
0.50 140 457.0 250 400 8.00 2.00 101 282 220
0.00 162 457.0 250 400 8.00 2.00 101 243 220

6.2.2 Check for Additional Longitudinal Tensile Reinforcement on account of Shear

θ 21.8 0.3805 rad. α 90 1.5708 rad.
DFtd = 0.5 * VEd * ( cotƟ + cota ) = 202.5

( MEd / z ) + ∆ Ftd < MEd,max/Z Additional Tensile L-Reinforcement not Required

MEd = Moment at the section where shear reinforcement is checked
z = Lever arm at the section where shear reinforcement is checked
MEd,max = Maximum moment
Z = Lever arm corresponding to maximum moment

Med 105 z 388 Med,max 292 Z 382

 ( MEd / z ) + ∆ Ftd = 473.4 kN MEd,max / Z = 762.6

xo Ma Fa ∆Ftd z Med/z + ∆Ftd Add. L-reinf. is Req. area of add.

required Ast
3.6 291.6 162 203 382.4 762.6 YES 466
2.88 279.94 140 174 382.4 906.4 YES 401
2.16 244.94 130 162 382.4 802.6 YES 372
1.44 186.62 97 122 382.4 609.5 NO 0
0.72 105 65 81 387.6 351.8 NO 0
0.4 61.2 32 41 387.6 198.4 NO 0
0 0 0 0 387.6 0.1 NO 0

6.3 Design for Interface Shear Force (Eqs. 10.20 & 10.21)
𝑽_𝒓𝒅𝒊=𝝁 𝝈_𝒏 +𝝆 𝒇_𝒚𝒅 (𝝁 𝐬𝐢𝐧⁡〖𝜶 +𝐜𝐨𝐬⁡𝜶 〗 ) ≤𝟎.𝟓 𝒗 〖 𝒇〗 _𝒄𝒅 ) 𝑽_𝒆𝒅𝒊=𝜷 𝑽_𝒆𝒅𝒊≤
𝑽_𝒆𝒅/(𝒛 𝒃_𝒊 ).
𝑽_𝒓𝒅𝒊
Interface Shear Force at joint of flage & deck slab Ved = 1480
Ratio of longitudinal force (LF) in new concrete to total LF β = 1.00
Logitudial force in new concrete, L1 1 Total logitudinal force, L2

(for flange beam, maximum force is contained in the flanges so construction joints at the underside of flange will
typically have β = 1)

Liver Arm, z (= 0.9 d) z = 360.00

Width of the interface joint bi = #REF!
Interface Shear stress applied across joint Vedi = #REF!

Coefficiet of friction (for smooth surface) μ = 0.60

Minimum coexisting normal stress, A/Aco ≤ 0.60 fcd σn = #REF!
Angle of reinforcement to interface joint α = 90
Area of composite section Aco #REF! m2 Axial force A 144.99
Interface area of the joint , Aj Aj = #REF!
Shear Reinforcement provided across interface joint = 2576
Area of reinforcement crossing iterface joint, As > 0.0015 Aj As = #REF!
Reinforcemet ratio, As/Aj ρ = #REF!
Resisting Shear stress across joint for section Vrdi = #REF!

#REF!

Minimum area of shear reinforcement to sustain Vedi = #REF!

6.4 Shear in flange portion of flanged beams (cl. 10.3.5)

(Eqs. 10.22 & 10.23)
Thickness of flange at the junction of the flange and the web, hf = 100.0
Length under consideration (quarter span), ∆x = 1800.0
(half the distance from the section of zero moment to section of maximum moment)
M x C d z Mrd ∆Fi
3.6 291.6 43 768.27 400 382.8 294.1 196.53
1.8 218.7 32 571.73 400 387.2 221.4
Change of the normal force in the flange over the length ∆F = 196.5
𝑽_𝒆𝒅𝒊=[∆𝑭_𝒊/(𝒉_𝒇 ∆𝒙)]
 𝑽_𝒆𝒅𝒊=[∆𝑭_𝒊/(𝒉_𝒇 ∆𝒙)] Vedf = 1.092

As Vedf < 0.4 fcd , No additional transverse reinforcement is required

Transverse (shear) reinforcement per unit length Asw/sf = 0.000

To prevent crushing of the compression strut in the flange

𝒗_𝒆𝒅𝒇≤ 𝝂 𝒇_𝒄𝒅 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽_𝒇 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽_𝒇 θf 26.5 0.4625 rad. = 2.460
Compression strut in the flange will not crushed

6.4 Design for Torsion

Torsional Momet 𝐓=𝐤 𝐆 (θ/L) T = 333
𝒌=𝒂 𝒃^𝟑 {𝟏𝟔/𝟑 −𝟑.𝟑𝟔 𝒃/𝒂 (𝟏−𝒃^𝟒/ k is torsional stiffness constant.
(𝟏𝟐 𝒂^𝟒 ))}
G is modulus of rigidity. θ is angle
B H b/h k Itorsioal mm
4
share Ti
Deck 2000 300 0.15 0.30185 8.15E+09 0.04120 13.72
Top flange 800 200 0.25 0.28104 1.80E+09 0.00909 3.03
Web 300 1300 0.23077 0.28501 1.88E+11 0.94970 316.25
1800 1.98E+11

Deck 2000 300 0.15 0.30185 8.15E+09 0.12033 40.07

Top flange 800 200 0.25 0.28104 1.80E+09 0.02656 8.84
Web 300 900 0.33333 0.26420 5.78E+10 0.85311 284.09
Web 300 400 1.33333 0.93827 1.80E+10 0.26599 88.57
1800 6.77E+10
The torsion will be shared in proportion to their Torsional stiffness.
As the deck slab is acting in two direction the torsional inertia has been halved
θ 21.8 0.3805 rad. v 0.552 Ved 1480
Ted,max b h t=bh/u c bk hk uk Ak Ted Asw/s
Web 107.63 300 1300 164.0 164 136.0 1136 2544 154496 316 ###
Web 173.95 2000 300 164.0 164 1836 136 3944 249696 13.72 ###
Web 16.0 800 200 164.0 164 636 36 1344 22896 3.03 ###

Ak = total area of the cross-section inside the outer circumference (u)

t>2 x distance between outside edge & centre of the longitudinal reinforcement
𝑨_𝒔𝒘/𝒔 ≥ 𝑽_(𝒆𝒅, 𝒊)/(𝒇_𝒚𝒘𝒅 𝒛_𝒊 𝒄𝒐𝒕 𝜽_𝒗 )= 𝑻_𝒆𝒅/( 〖𝟐 𝑨 _𝒌 𝒇 〗 _𝒚𝒘𝒅
Asw additional transverse reinforcement required in each wall of idealised
= thin-walled cross-section

θv is the angle of the compressive strut 21.8 0.3805

𝑨_𝒔𝒍= 𝑻_𝒆𝒅 𝒖_𝒌 𝒄𝒐𝒕 𝜽 / 𝟐 𝒇_𝒚𝒅 𝑨_𝒌 (eq. 10.49)
Additional longitudinal tensile force caused by torsion Asl = 14965.24
Additional transverse reinforcement Asw /s = 0.941
𝑻_(𝒆𝒅, 𝒎𝒂𝒙)=𝟐 𝒗 𝒇_𝒄𝒅 𝑨_𝒌 𝒕_(𝒆𝒇, 𝒊) 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽

Check for minimum surface reinforcement

(Refer IRC 112:2011,cl. No. 16.5.4(4))
Area of cover portion outside the stirrups/link = Act.ext
Act.ext cover * width 50 700 = 35000
Surface reinforcement area (= 0.01 Act.ext ) = 350
bar mark no. 17
Provide bars with dia of 12 mm 6 nos. on 2 (both) ends
Area of provided reinforcement = 678.58

T. Flange width =
T. Flange depth =
Web width =
Web depth =
Web depth1 =
B. Flange width =
B. Flange depth =

Area =
 kms
7200 mm

175.0 kN/m2
116.6 kN/m2
291.6 kN/m3

25.0 MPa
11.17 MPa
0.9016
27.26 MPa
17.26 MPa
2.21 MPa
30,000.0 MPa

200,000 MPa
500.0 MPa

12.00 MPa
9.00 MPa
400.0 MPa
300.0 MPa
0.300 mm

2,000.0 mm
100.0 mm
250.0 mm
350.0 mm
mm
287500.0 mm2
118.5 mm
1.060E+09 mm4
4.141E+09 mm4
400.0 mm
mm

Clear cover 25 mm
 813.1 kNm
299.1 kNm

5401.84 mm2

130.00 mm2
7187.50 mm2

M, kNm
301
301
301
301
215
215
215

162.00 kN
100000 mm2
0.01257

34.57 kN

277.19 kN
277.19 kN
OK.
ents
0.18 mm2/mm
100.53 mm2/mm
0.20 mm2/mm

m, with minimum/maximum

162.0 kN
8.00 mm
50.27 mm2
2.00
220 mm

456.96 mm2
178.91 kN
n is OK.
mm.

kN
 762.6 kN

10.20 & 10.21)

𝑽_𝒆𝒅𝒊≤
𝑽_𝒓𝒅𝒊
1480 kN
1.00
force, L2 1

ide of flange will

360.00 mm
#REF! mm
#REF! MPa

0.60
#REF!
1.57 rad
144.99 kN
#REF! mm2
2576 mm2
#REF! mm2
#REF!
#REF! MPa

#REF! mm2

100.0 mm
1800.0 mm
ment)

196.5 kN
 1.092 MPa

ed
0.000 mm2/mm

2.460 MPa

333 kNm
nal stiffness constant.
lus of rigidity. θ is angle of twist.

Asl Ved,max

14965 103.99
623 1403.8
511 486.29

𝑻_𝒆𝒅/( 〖𝟐 𝑨 _𝒌 𝒇 〗 _𝒚𝒘𝒅 𝒄𝒐𝒕 𝜽_𝒗 )

rad

14965.24 mm2
0.941 mm2 /mm
 mm2
mm2

(both) ends
mm2

3,000.0 mm
400.0 mm
300.0 mm
1,300.0 mm
1,334.2 mm
1,200.0 mm yt = 275.2 mm
300.0 mm IXX = 7.093E+10 mm4
INA = 3.119E+11 mm4
2360499.8 mm2 Effective depth, d = 1,675.0 mm