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Solution Practice Diffraction

1. The document contains practice problems on diffraction involving single slits, diffraction gratings, and applications of diffraction. 2. The first problem calculates the angular separation between the first order minima of a diffraction pattern using a 6 μm slit. 3. The second problem calculates the angles for the first dark band and next bright band in a pattern using a 0.4 mm slit.

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Atharva Panegai
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© Public Domain
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
88 views

Solution Practice Diffraction

1. The document contains practice problems on diffraction involving single slits, diffraction gratings, and applications of diffraction. 2. The first problem calculates the angular separation between the first order minima of a diffraction pattern using a 6 μm slit. 3. The second problem calculates the angles for the first dark band and next bright band in a pattern using a 0.4 mm slit.

Uploaded by

Atharva Panegai
Copyright
© Public Domain
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Practice assignment (Diffraction)

Problems on Diffraction

1. In a single slit Fraunhofer diffraction experiment using monochromatic light of 589.3


nm wavelength and a slit width of 6 µm, calculate the angular separation between
first order minima on either side of the central maximum.

Solution:

λ 589.3 ×10−9 m
θ=sin−1 () a
=sin−1( 6 ×10−6 m )
=5.6365°

2 θ=11.27 °

2. In a Frounhofer diffraction pattern of a 0.4 mm wide single slit, using monochromatic


light of 6328 Å, calculate the angles at which the first dark band and the next bright
band are formed.

Solution: First minimum occurs at

λ 6328 ×10−10 m
θ=sin−1 () a
=sin−1( 0.4 ×10−3 m )
=0.0906 °

Secondary maximum after first minimum occurs at

1.5 λ 1.5 ×6328 × 10−10 m


θ s ¿ sin −1 ( )
a (
=sin −1
0.4 ×10−3 m ) =0.136 °

3. A light of 500 nm wavelength is incident normally on a single slit. The first minimum
of the Frounhofer diffraction pattern is observed to lie at a distance of 5mm from
central maximum on a screen placed at a distance of 2m away from the slit. What is
the width of the slit?
Solution: s = 5mm, D = 2m
For first minimum
a . sinθ=λ
λ λ λ λD 500 ×10−9 m ×2 m
∴ a= = = = =200 μ m
sinθ θ s s 5 ×10−3 m
D ( )
Problems on plane diffraction grating:

1. A parallel beam of monochromatic light is incident normally on a 20mm wide plane


diffraction grating with 600 grooves/mm and the second order spectral line is
observed to be deviated through 33˚. Calculate the wavelength of the spectral line.
Calculate the dispersion in degrees/Å and resolving power at this spectral line. What
is the smallest difference in wavelength which can be resolved?

Solution: m=2, M=1/(a+b) = 600 grooves/mm, θ = 33°

( a+ b ) sinθ=m λ

( a+ b ) sinθ sinθ sin 33


∴ λ= = = =0.000453866 mm=4538.66 Å
m mM 2× 600

Dispersion

dθ m mM 2 ×600
= = = radians/mm=1430.836 radians /mm
dλ ( a+b ) cosθ cosθ cos ⁡( 33˚ )

dθ 180/ π
=1430.836 radians/mm × =0.008198 ° / Å
dλ 107

Resolving power

λ
=mN =mwM=2 ×20 × 600=24000
∆λ

4538.66 Å
∆ λ= =0.1891 Å
24000

2. What is the highest order spectrum which may be seen with monochromatic light of
5893 Å by means of a diffraction grating having 600 grooves/mm? If another grating
with 300 grooves/mm is provided then what will be the maximum order of
diffraction observable?
Solution:
( a+ b ) sinθ=m λ
( a+b ) 1 1
m max = = = =2.82
λ Mλ 600 mm−1 ×5893 ×10−7 mm
Since order of a spectrum is an integer, maximum observed order is m = 2 for grating with
600 grooves/mm.

For 300 grooves/mm, m max =5.66, therefore maximum order is 5.

Applications:

1. The aperture of the telescope is 4.0 m. What is the smallest distance between the
two objects at the moon’s surface which can be just resolved by this telescope? The
distance between the earth and moon is 3.84 ×10 8 m and assume the mean
wavelength of moon’s light as 500 nm. What is the resolving power?
Solution: For an aperture

λ 1.22× 500× 10−9 −9


θ=1.22 = =152.5 ×10 radians
a 4

Resolving power is

1
R= =6557377 ( rad )−1
θ

If s is the separation and distance D, then

s
θ= ∴ s=θD=152.5 ×10−9 ×3.84 × 108=58.56 m
D

2. To resolve the sodium doublet D1 and D2 in its first order diffraction with a plane
transmission grating, calculate the minimum number of grooves/mm required, in a
half inch wide grating. ( λ D 1= 589.6 nm, λ D 2= 589.0 nm.)

Solution: w = 0.5 inch = 0.5×25.4mm=12.7mm

λ D 1= 589.6 nm, λ D 2= 589.0 nm, m = 1

λ D 1+ λ D 2
Average λ= =589.3nm,
2

∆ λ=λ D 1 −λ D 2=0.6 nm

Resolving power of a grating is

λ
=mN =mwM
Δλ

λ 589.3 nm
∴ M= = =77.34 grooves/mm
mwΔλ 1 ×12.7 mm ×0.6 nm

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