COMPUTATIONAL FLUID

DYNAMICS (MKM411)
Porf. M. Sharifpur
[email protected]

May 15th
Department of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering
University of Pretoria

2018
MKM 411- CFD (semester) Project
Please consider a vertical tube with
diameter D which cold water is running
from up top to down. There is a helical tube
inside the vertical tube which hot water
passes through it. We are going to
investigate the heat transfer between
them. The schematic diagram of the
problem is shown in the figure. You should
use upwind scheme if you are using ANSYS-
FLUENT or STAR CCM+ (FLoEFD does not
have option to choose the scheme).
CFD Project
Flow and Temperature
investigation for a helical pipe
in a Vertical Pipe

The latest hand-in date ;

Report (black and white printed) and the CD of
files
Latest submission date:
11th of June before 16:00

You can start the submission from June 4th and

the latest date will be 11th June
I will inform you the name and the office number
of my assistant for the submission.
Information for the problem d  (2 A  B  C  5)
D  (5  H )( d  A)
L1  12( D  C  1)
L2  4( D  B)
L3  2 D
H is the first non-zero digit of your
student number, and A,B &C are
the last non-zero digits of your
student number in mm.
If student number is 29018564,
therefore;
A=5, B=6, C=4 and H= 2
If student number is 024506040,
therefore;
A=5, B=6, C=4 and H= 2

d  25 mm , D  210 mm , L1  2580 mm and L2  864 mm

Investigate the problem (the Velocity and Temperature patterns)
for two different conditions; first both pipes Re_1 condition and
another time both pipes Re_2;
Re_1 = 50+10(C+B)
Re_2 = 3000+(H+1)(10A+5B+C)

Vin D
Re   Therefore , you can find Vin  ?

Assumptions;
1- Assume a Temperature between 5 to 15°C for the inlet cold water and 85 to 95 °C for
inlet hot water.
2- The outer side of the vertical pipe is insulated.
3- Out let of both pipes are open to atmosphere.
4- You can assume the thickness of the pipes.
5- You need to assume a metal for the pipes material.
6- You need to consider number of the turns for the helical which fits your case.
6- You can also assume any other relevant assumptions (if you require), but you should
clearly indicate all your assumptions on the first page of your assignment.
Important output needed:

View for D/2

should be

8 pictures for velocity patterns and 8 pictures for temperature patterns

must be in your assignment (there are 4 cross-sections and 2 different
runs)
Report requirements
You need to submit a report (hard copy) and a CD/DVD for files
1. In the report you should indicate (step by step) how to simulate the problem with the software
(as detail as you can- no page limit ) including;
- The information of the problem by using your student number
- How to model it (U-pipe in a pipe)
- How to mesh the domain
- How to confirm the mesh
- How to apply the boundary conditions (for one of the Reynolds Numbers)
- Your own assumptions (clearly indicate all your assumptions)
- How to run the program (for one of the Reynolds Numbers)
- The number of iteration of each run (for each Reynolds Number)
- How to produce the cross-sectional velocity and temperature patterns (for one of the
Reynolds Numbers)
- The 8 outputs
- Your own conclusion
2- You should also submit a CD/DVD with your report including the soft copy of the report and
all files of your software work as well as all the output (including 8 files of the flow patterns as
pictures). You should mark your full name, student number, year (2018) and the name of the
software which you used on the CD/DVD as well.
Question 1 [16 Marks]
Consider an incompressible inviscid fluid with constant properties then
1-1 [8 Marks]
Simplify the energy equation for the fluid as much as possible in the case of
steady, 3D, no heat generation, no temperature gradient in the x-direction, and
no velocity in the y-direction.
1-2 [8 Marks]
Apply the finite difference method to find the algebraic equation for the
simplified equation in the section 1-1. Assume x  y  z
 Solution Q2 [14 Marks]


All sides
Q  Egen,element  0

All sides
Q  eVelement  0

x y 2x y x y
e  B(2  ) W/m e4  B(2
3
 )  3B W/m3 Vele 
x y x y 2 2

x x y T3  T4 x T5  T4 y
 Tsky  T4   hi Ti  T4   k ( )(
4 4
)  k ( )( )  q( )  e4Vele  0
2 2 2 x 2 y 2

2 Marks 2 Marks 2 Marks 2 Marks 2 Marks 4 Marks

x x y T3  T4 x T5  T4 y xy
 Tsky  T4   hi Ti  T4   k ( )(
4 4
)  k ( )( )  q ( )  3B 0
2 2 2 x 2 y 2 4
Solution
Q1
1-1) [8 Marks] T    T    T    T  
 c(  v.T )      k   k   z  k z    egen
t  x  x  y  y   
 u 2  v 2  w 2   v u 
2
 w v 
2
 u w 
2

  2                       

    
x y z    x y   y z   z x 
Constant properties, inviscid, steady, 3D, no heat generation, no temperature gradient in the x-
direction, and no velocity in the y-direction:
 T    2
T  2
T
c  w k 2  2  Any mistake -2 marks
 z   y z 
1-2) [8 Marks]
 T ( x, y, z  z )  T ( x, y, z )   T ( x, y  y , z )  2T ( x, y , z )  T ( x, y  y , z ) T ( x, y , z  z )  2T ( x, y , z )  T ( x, y , z  z ) 
 c  w( x, y, z )   k   
 z   
 y
2
 
 z
2

 

Any mistake -3 marks

Question 2 [14 Marks]
Consider a solid as shown in figure 1. The solid has the thermal conductivity of k and the
specific heat capacity of cp . There are different boundary conditions around the solid which hi
and Ti denote convection heat transfer coefficient and temperature, respectively.Tsky is the sky
temperature, therefore, denotes the radiation for the indicated boundary. (W/m2) shows the
constant heat flux at the indicated boundary as well. There is a heat generation through the

)  W/m 
solid which is equal to : x y
e  B(2  3

where B is a constant. x y

Use finite difference method for node 4 to find

an algebraic equation for the temperature at
node 4
Question 3 [30 Marks]
We are going to investigate the air flow at a corner as shown in the following figure. Air flows in θ
degrees direction (as shown in the figure) at the temperature of 25 C and velocity of 2 m/s.
Assume; steady, 2D, air is incompressible and has constant properties, no heat generation, no-
slip condition, Δx ≠Δy and the viscous heat dissipation function is:
𝜕(𝑇𝑢)
𝛷= 𝐵 + 𝐶(𝑣𝑇) + 𝐷
𝜕𝑥
where B, C and D are constants.
Also, assume the direction of the flow is fixed through the corner, but after the boundaries, the
value of the velocities and temperature will change. By applying Finite Volume Method (FVM) to
energy equation with the given heat dissipation function:

3-1) [10 Marks]

Find the general equation which works for all nodes.
3-2) [20 Marks]
Find the algebraic equation for nodes 2 by applying Central
Difference Method (Scheme) for Temperature and Upwind
Scheme for velocities where needed.
 vs  2Sin  , Ts  25 oC , ue  0, Te  0
Solution Q3 [30 Marks]
3-1) [10 Marks] c.(Tu)  k .(T )  
      T  T  
 c  (uT )  (vT )   k  ( )  ( )   B (uT )  C ( vT )  D
 x y   x x y y  x
 T T T T 
 c  (AuT )e  (AuT ) w  (AvT ) n  (AvT ) s   k  (A ) e  (A ) w  (A ) n  (A ) s   B( AuT ) e  B( AuT ) w  C ( vPTP ) V  DV
3 Marks
 x x y y 
4 Marks
3 Marks 

3-1) [20 Marks]

 TW  TP T  TN   T  TP T T T  TP T  Ts 
 c  (y(0)(0)  (yuW )  (xvP P )  (x 2Sin  )(25)   k  (y e )  (y P W )  (x N )  (x P ) 
 2 2    x / 2 x y y / 2 
TW  TP
 B( y(0)(0)  B( yuW )  C (vPTP )xy  Dxy
2

6 Marks 6 Marks

 T1  T2 T T   0  T2 T T T T T  25 
 c  (y(0)(0)  (yu1 )  (xv2 2 3 )  (x 2Sin  )(25)   k  (y )  (y 2 1 )  (x 3 2 )  (x 2 ) 
 2 2   x / 2 x y y / 2 
T1  T2
 B( y(0)(0)  B( yu1 )  C ( v2T2 ) xy  Dxy
2
8 Marks
Question 4 [40 Marks]
Consider a cylindrical fin with a constant cross-sectional area of A=0.1m2 as shown in the figure.
The perimeter of the fin is under convection (Ta=10 C , ha=5 W/(m2K)) condition. The thermal
conductivity of the fine is k =1 W/(m⋅K). The left-hand side of the fin is connected to a surface
with a constant temperature of TB =100 C. The right-hand side of the fine is also under
convection (Ta=10 C , ha=5 W/(m2K)) condition. Assume steady, constant properties, the length
of the fin is considered as just one control volume with the length of Δx = 0.1m and the
governing equation for this question is: d  dT  2
   n (T  Ta )  0 , where n=1
dx  dx 

By using the finite volume method find the

temperature of node 1 and the temperature of
the right -hand side of the fine.
Solution Q4 [40 Marks]
d  dT   dT   dT 
   (T  Ta )  0  A  A   TP V  Ta V  0
dx  dx   dx e  dx  w

5 Marks

 dT   dT   dT   dT 
A  A   TP xA  Ta xA  0       TP x  Ta x  0
 dx  e  dx  w  dx e  dx  w

10 Marks

 Te  TP   TP  Tw   Te  T1   T1  100 
     TP x  Ta x  0      T1x  10x  0
 x / 2  e  x / 2  w  x / 2   x / 2 

20  Te  T1   20 T1  100   0.1T1  1  0  20Te  40.1T1  2001  0 I

Solution Q4 [40 Marks]
5 Marks

 dT   dT 
qe  qconv  k    h(Te  Ta )  k  
 dx  e 
 dx  e
5 Marks

 Te  T1 
h(Te  Ta )  k  
5(Te  10)  (1)(20) Te  T1 
 x / 2 
5 Marks
25Te  20T1  50  II
Te  0.8T1  2
using II into I
 20(0.8T1  2)  40.1T1  2001  0  24.1T1  2041  0
5 Marks
by using II 5 Marks

T1  84.69  Te  0.8T1  2  T  0.8(84.69)  2  T  69.75

e e