0% found this document useful (0 votes)
40 views35 pages

Computational Fluid Dynamics : February 7

This document provides an overview of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and mathematics concepts relevant to CFD. It discusses how CFD problems involve finding governing differential equations and appropriate initial and boundary conditions. It then reviews key derivative concepts in mathematics like partial, material, Lagrangian, and Eulerian derivatives. Examples are provided to illustrate the differences between these derivatives. The document concludes with a short quiz on applying derivatives to example problems.

Uploaded by

Tatenda Nyabadza
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
0% found this document useful (0 votes)
40 views35 pages

Computational Fluid Dynamics : February 7

This document provides an overview of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and mathematics concepts relevant to CFD. It discusses how CFD problems involve finding governing differential equations and appropriate initial and boundary conditions. It then reviews key derivative concepts in mathematics like partial, material, Lagrangian, and Eulerian derivatives. Examples are provided to illustrate the differences between these derivatives. The document concludes with a short quiz on applying derivatives to example problems.

Uploaded by

Tatenda Nyabadza
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 35

COMPUTATIONAL FLUID

DYNAMICS (MKM411)
Prof. M. Sharifpur
[email protected]

February 7th
Department of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering
University of Pretoria

2019
Engineering
Problems

Mathematics Review
Finding; Continuum Mechanics
- Governing (Differential) Equations
Fluid Mechanics
- Initial & Boundary Conditions Heat Transfer

-Analytical Solution: Exact (if simple)or Approximation


-Numerical Solution : Programing
or Using a Software
Therefore, we must find the Governing Differential Equations,
After that, Simplifying them regarding the physics of the problem
and also choosing the right Initial & Boundary Conditions
Mathematics Review
How many Derivatives do we have?
Partial Derivative  U 
 
 t 
Material Derivative
Lagrangian Derivative  DU 
 ?
Eulerian Derivative  Dt   DU   dU 
or   
 Dt   dt 
Substantial Derivative  dU 
 ?
 dt 
Total Derivative
Particle Derivative
3
What are the differences between them?
Mathematics Review
3
T ( x , y, z , t )  ax  bxy  cy  xyz  t
2 2

dT T
? ?
dx x
dT  ?
dT
? T
?
dt t

4
In Partial Derivative;
All independent variables will be assumed
to be constant except the one which we are
taking the Derivative partially respect to it
3
T ( x, y, t )  ax  bxy  cy  t
2 2

T T
?  2ax  by
x x
T T
?  bx  3cy  4
y
y
T T
? 0
z z
T ( x, y, t )  ax  bxy  cy  t
2 3 2

T T
?  2t
t t

y z
 0, x y z
x x   0
y x t t t
 0 ,
z z t t t
z x   0

y y
 0. x y z
Mathematics Review
T(x , y ,z , t)  ax  bxy  cy  xyz  t
2 3 2

T T T T
dT  ? dT  dx  dy  dz  dt
x y z t

dT dT T dx T dy T dz T
?    
dt dt x dt y dt z dt t
Can we simplify it?
vx vy vz
dT dT T T dy T dz T dt
?    
dx dx x y dx z dx t dx

1/vx
Mathematics Review
U(x , y ,z , t)  ax  bxy  cy  xyz  t
2 3 2

dU dU U dx U dy U dz U
?    
dt dt x dt y dt z dt t
Is there any other ways to find dU ?
dt dU d
Another Way to find is to apply
dt dt as an operator;
dU dx dx dy 2 dy dx dy dz
 2ax  (by  bx )  3cy  ( yz  xz  xy )  2t
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
After Rearranging
dU dx dy dz
 (2ax  by  yz )  (bx  3cy  xz )  xy  2t
2

dt dt dt dt
U U U U
 2ax  by  yz  bx  3cy 2  xz  xy  2t
x y z t
dU U dx U dy U dz U
    Partial Derivative 8
dt x dt y dt z dt t Derivative
Mathematics Review

 U   U   U 
dU    dx    dy    dz
 x  y , z  y  x , z  z  x , y

U ( x, y, z )  ax  bxy  cy  xyz
2 3

9
Question;

When this equality is valid?


dT T

dx x
Whenever we only have one variable (1D + Steady)
T ( x)  2ax  bx  c
2

T dT T
dT  dx 
x dx x
dT T
  4ax  b
dx x
 ( x, y, z, t )
d  dx  dy  dz 
   
dt x dt y dt z dt t

If you forget the equation, you can use:


 ( x, y, z, t )
   
d ( x, y, z , t )  dx  dy  dz  dt
x y z t

d  dx  dy  dz 
   
dt x dt y dt z dt t
Any questions?
Unannounced Quiz 1
General Regulations for Quizzes;
1- Write your name and surname , students number, date and the
quiz number , plus your signature on the top of a blank paper.
2- When the quiz starts, do not talk, walk, speak and look around
…up to the end of collection.

3- If you finished your writing before the collection time, turn


your paper and just wait until collection please.

4- When the time is up, do not write any more, turn your paper
and the first person on the right hand side (on each row), pass
his/her paper to the left hand side… I will collect them at the last
left ones from each row.

5- I will not accept any delayed papers!


6- After the quiz the class will be continued
Unannounced Quiz 1
Time: 5 Minutes
DP
Find ?
Dt
If the last digit of your Student number is an
odd number use A , else use B

A) P( x, y , z, t )  ax  bx 2 y 1  cy 3t  hxy 2 z 2  t 3  7

B) P( x, y , z, t )  ax 2  cx 3 y 1  dy 3  kx 1 yz 2t  t 2  7
Unannounced Quiz 1
Time: 5 Minutes
DP
Find ?
Dt
If the last digit of your Student number is an
odd number use A , else use B

A) P( x, y , z, t )  ax  bx 2 y 1  cy 3t  hxy 2 z 2  t 3  7

B) P( x, y , z, t )  ax 2  cx 3 y 1  dy 3  kx 1 yz 2t  t 2  7
Unannounced Quiz 1 - The solution
A) P( x, y , z, t )  ax  bx 2 y 1  cy 3t  hxy 2 z 2  t 3  7
dP P Pdx
DP P PdyP PPdz P
dP dx  dy  dz  dt
dt Dt x x dt
y y dt
z ztdt t
P P
 a  2bx 3 y 1  hy 2 z 2  bx 2 y 2  3cy 4t  2hxyz 2
x y
PP 22 23 P
 23hxy z  cy 3  3t 2
zz t

DP dx dy dz
bx43yy21  hy 22z 32 )v x ( (bx
 (a  32bx 2 32 3
2bx y y  3cycy4t2t22hxyz
hxyz23 ))v y ((23hxy
hxy22zz34)v) z  (cycy3132t t2 )
Dt dt dt dt
B) P( x, y , z, t )  ax 2  cx 3 y 1  dy 3  kx 1 yz 2t  t 2  7

DP P dx P dy P dz P
   
Dt x dt y dt z dt t
P P
 2ax  3cx 4 y 1  kx 2 yz 2t   cx 3 y 2  3dy 2  kx 1 z 2t
x y

P P
 2kx 1 yz 3t  kx 1 yz 2  2t
z t
DP 4 1 2 2 dx 3 2 1 2 dy
 (2ax  3cx y  kx yz t )  ( cx y  3dy  kx z t )
2

Dt dt dt
1 3 dz
 ( 2kx yz t )  (kx 1 yz 2  2t )
dt
We know;
dT T

dx x

Whenever we only have one variable (steady 1D)


T ( x)  2ax  bx  c
2

T dT T
dT  dx 
x dx x
dT T
  4ax  b
dx x
Question;
T ( x, y , z )
T T
if  2x 1  ( x ) dx  ?
x

T
Is it T   ( ) dx  x 2  x  C NO
x

T
 x
( ) dx  T ( x, y , z )  x 2
 x  F ( y, z ) 
For example:
T
T ( x, y, z )  x  x  y  z  yz  5
2
 2x 1
x
Three different notation
in Cartesian coordinate
Position Velocity components Unit vectors

1) x1 , x2 , x3 v1 , v2 , v3 e1 , e2 , e3

2) x, y, z vx , v y , vz ex , e y , ez

3) x, y, z u , v, w i, j , k

We usually use 3 or 2 in fluid flow


and heat transfer (as well as CFD)
ρ(x , y ,z , t)
D d  dx  dy  dz 
    
Dt dt x dt y dt z dt t
D d    
   vx  vy  vz
Dt dt t x y z
D 
  v.
Dt t
  
v  vx i  v y j  vz w
     
  i j w
x y z
 ()   ()   () 
()  i j k Del operator
x y z (vector)
     
  i j k
x y z

     
.  ( i  j  k ). div
x y z (vector)
  
v ( x, y , z , t )  v x i  v y j  v z k

vx v y vz
.v  ? .v    (scalar)
x y z
1) BC=1, I=1 Boundary and Initial
3) BC=2, I=0 Conditions
4) BC=2, I=1 A)
5) BC=3, I=0  2T T  2T T egen T
a b 2   c
x 2
x y z k t
6) BC=3, I=1
7) BC=4, I=0
8) BC=4, I=1
9) BC=5, I=0
10) BC=5, I=1
11) BC=6, I=0
12) BC=6, I=1
22
Is there any rules for the number of
Boundary and Initial Conditions which
we must looking for?
 2T T  2T T egen T
a b 2   c Not Power
x 2
x y z k t

In each directions, the number of BC is equal to the highest order of the

For example, in x direction;  T
2
2 BC in x direction we need
x 2
Therefore, we need 5 BC at all (2 in x, 2 in y and 1 in z directions)

For Initial Condition, the highest order of the
t 1 IC we need
1) BC=1, I=1 Boundary and Initial
3) BC=2, I=0 Conditions
4) BC=2, I=1 A)
5) BC=3, I=0  2T T  2T T egen T
a b 2   c
x 2
x y z k t
6) BC=3, I=1
7) BC=4, I=0 B)
8) BC=4, I=1   T  T T
k c d  egen  0
9) BC=5, I=0 x  x  y z
10) BC=5, I=1 k  Const.
11) BC=6, I=1 T 2
T T
k 2 c d  egen  0
12) BC=6, I=1 x y z
24
Boundary and Initial Conditions
1) BC=1, I=1 (Mathematically we call them Conditions)
3) BC=2, I=0
4) BC=2, I=1 T
2
T T egen T
a b  c
5) BC=3, I=0 x 2
x y k t
6) BC=3, I=1
BC=4, I=0   k T   c  T2  d  T   egen  0
2 2
7)
8) BC=4, I=1 x k Const
x
.
y  z 
9) BC=5, I=0
T T  T 
2 2 2

10) BC=5, I=1 k 2  c 2  d   egen  0


x y  z 
11) BC=6, I=0
12) BC=6, I=1 25
Why? (let me offer an example)

If we are working on one-D heat conduction in steady state


and without heat generation, what will be our DE?
The General Equation for heat conduction;
  T    T    T  T
k    k    k   egen  c
x  x  y  y  z  z  t

 2T  2T  2T T
k ( 2  2  2 )  egen  c
x y z t
one-D (x-direction) ,in steady state ,and no heat generation;

 2T d 2T T ( x)  C1 x  C2
0 0
x 2
dx 2
d 2T
2
0
dx

T ( x)  C1 x  C2
BC 1) 
BC 2) 

BC 1)  C2  150
80
BC 2)  C1  
L

80
T ( x)   x  150
L
Boundary and Initial Conditions
Mechanically
 T  T egen 1 T
2 2
 2   B=4, I=1
x 2
y k  t
h, T

h, T

Insulated

28
Boundary and Initial Conditions
 2T T egen
  0 BC=3, I=0
x 2
y k
 T T T
2
egen 1 T
  T   BC=4, I=1
x 2
y z k  t
 T  T  T egen 1 T
2 2 2
 2  2   BC=6, I=1
x 2
y z k  t
 2T  2T
a 2 BC=2, I=2
x 2
t 29
Unannounced QUIZ 2
Allowance Time 3 minutes
For solving following partial differential equation
analytically, How many Initial and Boundary
Conditions do we need? Specify how many at all ,
and how many in each direction?
If the last digit of your Student number is an
odd number use A , else use B
2
T
2
 T  T 1 T
egen T 2
A) c 2  b   d T   a 2
x  y  z k  t z
 T  T T 1 T T
2 2 2
e
 c 2 d T   b 2
gen
B) a 
 z  x y k  t y
Initial and Boundary Conditions:
2
T
2
 T  T egen 1 T  2T
A) c 2  b   d T   a 2
x  y  z k  t z

Initial Condition: 1
Boundary Conditions:
x- direction: 2
y- direction: 1 BC = 5 at all
z- direction: 2
We must look for 5 BC & 1 IC
Initial and Boundary Conditions:
 T  T T 1 T T
2 2 2
egen
B) a   c 2 d T   b 2
 z  x y k  t y

Initial Condition: 1
Boundary Conditions:
x- direction: 2
y- direction: 2 BC = 5 at all
z- direction: 1
We must look for 5 BC & 1 IC
An Example for better understanding of the Conservation of Mass
ρ = 1000 kg/ m³

t=0 CV=0.1 m³

Mass Flow rate at the inlet of the pipe= 0 kg/s , Total water inside the CV= 0 kg ,
Mass Flow rate comes into the CV= 0 kg/s , Goes out of the CV = 0 kg/s

t = t1 CV

Mass Flow rate at the inlet of the pipe= 2kg/s , Total water inside the CV= 0 kg ,
Comes into the CV= 0 kg/s , Goes out of the CV = 0 kg/s

t = t2 CV

Mass Flow rate at the inlet of the pipe= 2kg/s , Total water inside the CV= 20kg ,
Comes into the CV= 1 kg/s , Goes out of the CV = 0 kg/s
ρ = 1000 kg/ m³
t = t2 CV=0.1 m³

Unsteady for the CV

Mass Flow rate at the inlet of the pipe= 2kg/s , Total water inside the CV= 20kg ,
Comes into the CV= 1 kg/s , Goes out of the CV = 0 kg/s

t = t3 CV

Unsteady for the CV

Mass Flow rate at the inlet of the pipe= 2kg/s , Total water inside the CV= 80kg ,
Comes into the CV= 2 kg/s , Goes out of the CV = 1.5 kg/s

t = t4 In to CV= Out from CV

CV Steady
Mass Flow rate at the inlet of the pipe= 2kg/s , Total water inside the CV= 100kg ,
Comes into the CV= 2 kg/s , Goes out of the CV = 2 kg/s
Physical meaning of Steady-State

A
B

All parameters (V, P , T, ...) will be the same for the


same point all the time.
But two different points may have different values

You might also like