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Tensile Test Lab Report

This document summarizes a tensile test experiment conducted on a mild steel bar. The experiment measured properties including modulus of elasticity, yield stress, ultimate tensile stress, and ductility. Results found the modulus of elasticity was 19,706 MPa, yield stress was 369.52 MPa, ultimate stress was 510.14 MPa, and elongation was 22.06%. These results were compared to literature values for AISI mild steel and showed similarities but also some differences possibly due to experimental errors. In conclusion, the experiment determined key mechanical properties of the mild steel specimen.

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Haneef Azmi
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193 views

Tensile Test Lab Report

This document summarizes a tensile test experiment conducted on a mild steel bar. The experiment measured properties including modulus of elasticity, yield stress, ultimate tensile stress, and ductility. Results found the modulus of elasticity was 19,706 MPa, yield stress was 369.52 MPa, ultimate stress was 510.14 MPa, and elongation was 22.06%. These results were compared to literature values for AISI mild steel and showed similarities but also some differences possibly due to experimental errors. In conclusion, the experiment determined key mechanical properties of the mild steel specimen.

Uploaded by

Haneef Azmi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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LABORATORY REPORT

COURSE: LABORATORY 1
SCHOOL OF MECHANICAL ENGINEEERING
SEMESTER/SESSION: 3-2019/2020

TITLE: TENSILE TEST


GROUP: 2B
DATE OF EXPERIMENT: 29 SEPTEMBER 2019
LECTURER NAME: PROF MADYA DR YAHYA BIN SAMIAN

NAME MATRIC NUMBER


1. HANEEF BIN AZMI A18KM0092
2. HANISAH BINTI KHAIRUDIN A18KM0094
3. MOHAMAD AL-AMIN BIN AWANG A18KM0131
4. MOHAMAD SUFIAN BIN AZHAM A18KM0146
5. MOHAMAD UQBAH BIN MOHAMAD KAMAL A18KM0147
6. MOHAMMAD FAIZ BIN ABD SANI A18KM0155
TITLE: TENSILE TEST

INTRODUCTION:
To obtain the following mechanical properties of a mild steel bar by means of a tensile test:
a) Modulus of Elasticity (Young’s Modulus), E.
b) Upper yield point, σyu , and lower yield point, σyl .
c) Ultimate tensile stress, σult .
d) Fracture stress, σb .
e) Material ductility based on:
i) Percentage of elongation
ii) Percentage of area reduction

RESULTS:
a) Measurement Data
Initial (mm) After Fracture (mm)
Diameter (mm) 6.24 1.07
Parallel (mm) 53.33 65.93
Total Length (mm) 92.00 107.62

Elongation Load Strain (ε) Stress(MPa)


0.1 0.7 0.001875117 22.89077829
0.2 1.4 0.003750234 45.78155657
0.3 2.1 0.005625352 68.67233486
0.4 3 0.007500469 98.10333551
0.5 4.1 0.009375586 134.0745585
0.6 5.25 0.011250703 171.6808371
0.7 6.55 0.01312582 214.1922825
0.8 8.3 0.015000938 271.4192283
0.9 9.75 0.016876055 318.8358404
1 11.3 0.018751172 369.5225638
2 10.5 0.037502344 343.3616743
3 10.55 0.056253516 344.9967299
4 10.65 0.075004688 348.2668411
5 11 0.09375586 359.7122302
6 10.9 0.112507032 356.442119
7 11 0.131258204 359.7122302
8 11.1 0.150009376 362.9823414
9 11.4 0.168760548 372.792675
10 11.5 0.187511719 376.0627861
11 11.5 0.206262891 376.0627861
12 11.1 0.225014063 362.9823414
13 11.6 0.243765235 379.3328973
14 11.75 0.262516407 384.2380641
15 11.9 0.281267579 389.1432309
16 12 0.300018751 392.4133421
17 13.5 0.318769923 441.4650098
18 14.2 0.337521095 464.3557881
19 14.7 0.356272267 480.706344
20 15 0.375023439 490.5166776
21 15.25 0.393774611 498.6919555
22 15.5 0.412525783 506.8672335
23 15.6 0.431276955 510.1373447
24 15.5 0.450028127 506.8672335
25 15.25 0.468779299 498.6919555
26 13 0.487530471 425.1144539

TABLE 2: TEST RESULTS

Modulus of elasticity, E (MPa) 19706.63833


Upper yield, σyu (MPa) 369.5225638
Lower yield, σyl (MPa) 343.3616743
Ultimate stress, σult (MPa) 510137344.7
Fracture stress, σb (MPa) 425114453.9
Percentage of elongation (%) 22.06
Percentage of area reduction (%) 97.06
b) Calculation
c) Graphs
DISCUSSION

a) From the graph load versus elongation is similarly with the patter or shape of the
graph to the stress-strain graph for the ductile material. We can divide this graph by 2
regions which is elastic region and plastic region. In elastic region, the specimen behavior
elasticity but once the specimen exceeded the limit proportionally it will start to yield.
The specimen entered the plastic region and the deformations are permanent that cannot
return to original length but elastic region can. Strain hardening and necking before the
specimen experiences failure. Under the constant force the elongation occurs and the
specimen will undergo yielding. When specimen experiences ultimate stress, the
specimen entered necking region and ultimately fracture.

From the graph stress versus strain, we can see that the strain is directly
proportionally to the stress. To obtain this graph we only consider the data in the
proportionally limit. Hence, we can find Young’s Modulus by taking the gradient of the
graph and my calculation for the Young’s Modulus is 19.71 GPa. So, from the graph we
can say that the specimen is behaving elastically.

From the data obtained, we can calculate the modulus of elasticity (E), percentage of
elongation (22.06%) and percentage of reduction (97.06%) while fracture stress, yield
stress and ultimate stress can be calculated and obtained from the graph. From the data
that collected we can say that the specimen is ductile material.
b) From the section 6(f) and 6(g), the values are obtained and compared to the internet
sources with the values of AISI mild/low carbon steel as shown in the table below.

Experiment Internet
Modulus of elasticity, MPa 19706 20500
Yield stress, MPa Upper : 369.53 370
Lower : 343.36
Ultimate tensile stress, 510.14 440
MPa
Percentage of elongation 22.06 15.0
Percentage of reduction 97.06 40.0

The modulus of elasticity from the experiment is much lower compared to the value
that obtained from internet sources because of the oil leakage of the hydraulic pump and
the value of the force is lower because of oil leakage.

The yield stress obtained is similar with to the value from internet source. The
ultimate tensile stress is much bigger than internet source. These may due to the error
from reader to read the scale that not perpendicular with the scale.

The percentage of elongation for the experiment value is much higher than internet
source and same goes to the percentage of reduction is bigger that internet source. This
error may occur because of the specimen is not parallel length region. As the specimen is
pulled from its end, the region where the specimen will elongate cannot be determined
because there is possibility that the region other than the parallel length will elongate.
CONCLUSION

From this experiment, we can conclude that the mechanical properties of a mild steel bar
by means of a tensile test is:

 Modulus of elasticity, E = 19706.64 MPa


 Upper yield stress, 𝜎yu = 369.52 MPa
 Lower yield stress, 𝜎yl = 343.36 MPa
 Ultimate stress, 𝜎u = 510.14 MPa
 Fracture stress, 𝜎b = 425.12 MPa

The material ductility can be obtained based on the percentage of elongation and area
reduction which is:
 Percentage of elongation = 22.06 %
 Percentage of area reduction = 97.06 %

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