Lessons From Vedas
Lessons From Vedas
vedas
Yes, he did support the idea of nation-states, yet he strongly upheld the Vedic belief that the
nation-state exists “not just for the welfare of its citizen” but also for “the whole world.” This
is evident from the very first stanza of Arthashastra “I, therefore, write this book for the
greater good and uplifting of the world…”.
When he saw the sad state of his nation Chanakya was depressed and sought revocation;
but then realized, contemplating on Vedic literature, that vengeance is a dangerous and that
it can harm even the one who is holding on to it. He then decided to work to establish a
single empire for the greater good. He certainly dedicated many years of his life to it.
Legend has it that he found Chandragupta when was a teenager, then educated, nurtured
and mentored him to be King. It was at least over a span of two decades. This is a
testimony of Samarpan Bhaav (Dedication),
According to Chanakya, this was the supreme duty of everyone, including the King. This is
evident in Book I of the Arthashastra which reads “… King… shall maintain his subjects in
the observance of their respective duties by exercising authority; keep up his personal
discipline by receiving lessons in wisdom, and endear himself to the people by bringing
them wealth and doing good to them.” Also, “… The King shall keep away from hurting the
innocent and their property; avoid not only lust, even in a dream, but also falsehood,
haughtiness, and evil proclivities; and keep away from unrighteousness and uneconomical
transactions.”
This was the key economic objective which the King had to observe not just among his
subjects but also for himself. In Chapter 7 of Arthashastra he notes “Not violating
righteousness and economy, he shall enjoy his desires. Then he shall never be devoid of
happiness. He may enjoy in an equal degree the three pursuits of life, charity, wealth and
desire, which are interdependent on each other. Anyone of these three, when enjoyed in
excess, hurts not only the other two but also itself.” Chanakya held that wealth is as
important as desire and charity; but that this is possible only by “wealth of their knowledge”.
Apart from other altruist attitudes, Chanakya upheld the idea of deeds without greed. While
mentioning the “Duties of the King” he writes, “A King by overthrowing the aggregate of the
six internal enemies, namely lust, anger, greed, vanity, haughtiness and overjoy, shall
restrain the sense organs…” Also, in the same chapter, “The King may enjoy his desires but
only by ensuring non-violation of righteousness and no harm to the economy. “