Errata

to
ASME B56.6-2002
Safety Standard
for Rough Terrain Forklift Trucks

The errata corrections listed below apply to ASh4E B56.6-2002.

Page Location Change

iv Foreword Correct by adding a new sixth paragraph to
read This standard shall become effective 1
year after the date of issuance. Part III
applies only to trucks manufactured after
the effective date.
5 5.2.6 Correct to read: Where steering must be
accomplished with either hand and the
steering mechanism is of a type that
prevents road reactions from causing the
handwheel to spin (power steering or
equivalent), steering knobs may be used.
When used, steering knobs shall be of a
type that can be engaged by the operator’s
hand from the top, and shall be within the
periphery of the steering handwheel.
9 6.2.8 Correct the last line of the first paragraph to
r e d . para. 8.26.

THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS

Three Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990

March 2003

J5602E
 The American Society of
Mechanical Engineers

A N A M E R I C A N N A T I O N A L S T A N D A R D

SAFETY STANDARD
FOR ROUGH TERRAIN
FORKLIFT TRUCKS

ASME B56.6-2002
(fkViSiOn 01 ASME B56.6-1gg2)

POWERED AND NONPOWERED INDUSTRIAL TRUCKS

 Date of Issuance: August 30, 2002

The next edition of this Standard is scheduled for publication in 2005. There
will be no addenda or written interpretations of the requirements of this
Standard issued to this edition.

ASME is the registered trademark of The American Society of Mechanical Engineers.

This code or standard was developed under procedures accredited as meeting the criteria for
American National Standards. The Standards Committee that approved the code or standard
was balanced t o assure that individuals from competent and concerned interests have had an
opportunity t o participate. The proposed code or standard was made available for public review
and comment that provides an opportunity for additional public input from industry, academia,
regulatory agencies, and the public-at-large.
ASME does not "approve," "rate," or "endorse" any item, construction, proprietary device,
or activity.
ASME does not take any position with respect t o the validity of any patent rights asserted in
connection with any items mentioned in this document, and does not undertake t o insure anyone
utilizing a standard against liability for infringement of any applicable letters patent, nor assume
any such liability. Users of a code or standard are expressly advised that determination o f the
validity of any such patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, is entirely their
o w n responsibility.
Participation by federal agency representativekà) or personís) affiliated with industry is not t o
be interpreted as government or industry endorsement of this code.
ASME accepts responsibility for only those interpretations o f this document issued i n
accordance with the established ASME procedures and policies, which precludes the issuance
of interpretations by individuals.

No part of this document may be reproduced in any form,

in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise,
without the prior written permission of the publisher.

The American Society of Mechanical Engineers

Three Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990

Copyright Q 2002 b y
THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS
All Rights Reserved
Printed in U.S.A.
 CONTENTS

Foreword ....................................................................................... iv
Committee Roster ............................................................................... V

Summary of Changes ............................................................................ vi

General ........................................................................................ 1
Part I Introduction
1 Scope ............................................................................... 3
2 Definition ........................................................................... 3
3 Purpose ............................................................................. 3
4 Interpretation ........................................................................ 3
Part II For the User ....................................................................... 5
5 General Safety Practices .............................................................. 5
6 Operating Safety Rules and Practices ................................................. 9
7 Maintenance and Rebuild Practices .................................................... 12
Part 111 For the Manufacturer ............................................................. 15
8 Design and Construction Standards .................................................... 15
Figures
1 Lifting Capacity for Center of Gravity of 48 in . Cube . Without Manually
Operated Stabilizers ................................................................ 17
2 Lifting Capacity for Center of Gravity of 1200 mm Cube . Without Manually
Operated Stabilizers ................................................................ 18
3 Longitudinal Stability . Stacking .................................................... 22
4 Longitudinal Stability . Traveling ................................................... 23
5 Lateral Stability . Stacking . Loaded ............................................... 24
6 Lateral Stability . Traveling ......................................................... 25
7 Typical Fork ........................................................................ 30
8 Overhead Guard Cube Drop Deformation Limit ........................................ 31
9 Overhead Guard Impact Test Method ................................................. 32
10 Overhead Guard Impact Deformation Limit ............................................ 32
Tables
1 Tests for Stability .................................................................... 20
2 Load Handling Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
3 Overhead Guard Impact Test Load ..................................................... 31
Mandatory Appendix
I References ........................................................................... 35
Nonmandatory Appendix
A Glossary of Commonly Used Words and Phrases ...................................... 36

...
111
 FOREWORD

In response to requests from manufacturers and users, the B56 Committee established
the B56.6 Subcommittee to create this Standard. The first Subcommittee meeting was held
December 5, 1974.
Six Subcommittee meetings were held for preparation of the standard, and a proposed
standard dated March 25, 1976 was presented to Sectional Committee members for study.
The first edition of the standard was approved and published in 1978 as an American
National Standard.
In August 1982, the B56.6 Subcommittee began working on a revision to the 1978
standard. The revised standard was subsequently approved by the B56 Committee and the
sponsor. The American National Standards Institute approved the standard on January 23, 1987.
Following approval by the B56 Committee and ASME, and after public review, ASME
B56.6-1992 was approved by ANSI on December 15, 1992.
The 2002 Edition incorporates changes made in the B56.6a-1994 and B56.6b-1998
supplements, as well as additional revisions. It was approved for issuance as an American
National Standard on April 9, 2002.
Safety codes and standards are intended to enhance public health and safety. Revisions
result from Committee consideration of factors such as technological advances, new data,
and changing environmental and industry needs. Revisions do not imply that previous
editions were inadequate.

iv
 ASME STANDARDS COMMITTEE B56
Powered and Nonpowered Industrial Trucks
(The following is the roster of the Committee at the time of approval of this Standard.)

OFFICERS
R. N. Rogers, Chair
G. H. Ritterbusch, Vice Chair
R. Moharned, Secretary

COMMITTEE PERSONNEL
L. R. Berke, Safety Solutions of Minnesota
L. J. Churches, Churches & Associates, Inc.
J. N. Eavenson, Commercial Turf Product Ltd.
R. C. Fuller, Consulting Engineer
D. M. Graham, Ford Motor Co.
D. A. Greer, GTE World Operations
E. B. Gutta, Consulting Engineer
D. E. Hupp, Alcoa, Inc.
J. E. Johnson, Johnson Engineering Services, Inc.
R. A. Klebes, Universal Health Services
D. T. Labelle, Consultant
R. R. Lasecki, Consulting Engineer
W. J. Montwieler, The Industrial Truck Association
E. J. Rarnsey, Major Equipment Co., Inc.
G. H. Ritterbusch, Caterpillar, Inc.
R. N. Rogers, Consultant
K. S. Sanders, East Penn Manufacturing Co., Inc.
S. J. Simpson, Simpson Machine Corp.
F. E. Steinberger, General Motors Corp.

SUBCOMMITTEE B56.6 - ROUGH TERRAIN FORKLIFT TRUCKS

E. J. Ramsey, Chair, Major Equipment Co., Inc.
R. Mohamed, Secretary, The American Society of Mechanical Engineers
J. S. Bargenquast, The Gradall Co.
C. A. Barnes, Consulting Engineer
G. E. Collins, Caterpillar, Inc.
R. C. Friedernann, Robert C. Friedemann & Associates
R. T. Jarrett, J. I. Case Co.
J. E. Johnson, Consulting Engineer
J. Kipfer, Carelift Equipment Manufacturing
D. J. Krawchuk, U S . Army Tardec
S. A. Mercier, The Gradall Co.
W. J. Montwieler, The Industrial Truck Association
C. J. Palumbo, Terex Princeton
R. R. Shinn, Eagle Pitcher Industries, Inc.
S. J. Simpson, Simpson Machine Corp.
E. W. Sprang, International Association of Machinists and Aerospace Workers
G. W. Meyer, Alternate, International Association of Machinists and Aerospace Workers

V
 ASME B56.6-2002
SUMMARY OF CHANGES

The 2002 edition of ASME B56.6 includes editorial changes, revisions, and corrections introduced in
B56.6a-1994 and B56.6b-1998, as well as the following changes identified by (02).
Page Location Change
5 5.2 (1) Paragraph 5.2.1 revised
(2) New para. 5.2.2 added
(3) Paragraphs 5.2.2 through 5.2.5
redesignated as 5.2.3 through 5.2.6,
respectively
9 6.2.8 Revised in its entirety
15, 16 8.5.2 Revised in its entirety
8.5.6 (1) Deleted
(2) Paragraph 8.5.7 revised and redesignated
as 8.5.6
26, 27 8.7.7 Revised in its entirety
8.7.8 Revised in its entirety
33 8.26 Added
35 Mandatory Appendix I Updated

SPECIAL NOTE
The interpretations to ASME B56.6 are included in this edition as a separate section for the user’s conve-
nience. The interpretations are not part of this edition or of the standard itself.

vi
 ASME 856.6-2002

POWERED AND NONPOWERED INDUSTRIAL TRUCKS

General B56.11.3 Load Handling Symbols for Powered

Industrial Trucks
This Standard is one of a series that have been
B56.11.4 Hook-Type Forks and Fork Carriers for
formulated with the American Society of Mechanical
Powered Industrial Forklift Trucks
Engineers as Sponsor in accordance with the Accredited
B56. 1.5 Measurement of Sound Emitted by Low
Organization method, the procedures accredited by the
Lift, High Lift, and Rough Terrain
American National Standards Institute, Inc., and the
Powered Industrial Trucks
following scope.
B56. 1.6 Evaluation of Visibility From Powered
Establishment of the safety requirements relat- Industrial Trucks
ing to the elements of design, operation, and B56. 1.7 Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) Fuel
maintenance; standardization relating to princi- Cylinders (Horizontal or Vertical)
pal dimensions to facilitate interchangeability, Mounting - Liquid Withdrawal - for
test methods, and test procedures of powered Powered Industrial Trucks
and nonpowered industrial trucks (not including
Safety standards that were previously listed as B56
vehicles intended primarily for earth moving
volumes but now have different identification due to
or over-the-road hauling); and maintenance of
a change in standards development assignments are as
liaison with the International Organization for
follows.
Standardization (ISO) in all matters pertaining
to powered and nonpowered industrial trucks. NFPA 505 Fire Safety Standard for Powered
One purpose of the Standard is to serve as a guide Industrial Trucks - Type Designations,
to governmental authorities having jurisdiction over
Areas of Use, Maintenance and
subjects within the scope of the Standard. It is expected, Operation (formerly B56.2)
however, that the Standard will find a major application UL 583 Standard for Safety for Electric-Battery-
in industry, serving as a guide to manufacturers, purchas- Powered Industrial Trucks (formerly
ers, and users of the equipment. B56.3)
For convenience, Standards for Powered and Non- UL 558 Standard for Safety for Internal
powered Industrial Trucks has been divided into separate Combustion Engine-Powered Industrial
volumes: Trucks (formerly B56.4j

Safety Standards
If adopted for governmental use, the references to
other national codes and standards in the specific vol-
B56.1 Low Lift and High Lift Trucks umes may be changed to refer to the corresponding
B56.5 Guided Industrial Vehicles and Automated governmental regulations.
Functions of Manned Industrial Vehicles The use of powered and nonpowered industrial trucks
B56.6 Rough Terrain Forklift Trucks is subject to certain hazards that cannot be completely
B56.7 Industrial Crane Trucks eliminated by mechanical means, but the risks can be
B56.8 Personnel and Burden Carriers minimized by the exercise of intelligence, care, and
B56.9 Operator Controlled Industrial Tow Trucks common sense. It is therefore essential to have compe-
B56.10 Manually Propelled High Lift Industrial tent and careful operators, physically and mentally fit,
Trucks and thoroughly trained in the safe operation of the
equipment and the handling of the loads. Serious hazards
are overloading, instability of the load, obstruction to
Standardization Standards
the free passage of the load, collision with objects or
B56.11.1 Double Race or Bi-Level Swivel and pedestrians, poor maintenance, and use of equipment
Rigid Industrial Casters for a purpose for which it was not intended or designed.
ASME 856.6-2002 SAFETY STANDARD FOR ROUGH TERRAIN FORKLIFT TRUCKS

Suggestions for improvement of these Standards, (b) indicate suggested change (addition, deletion, re-
especially those based on actual experience in their vision, etc.);
application, shall be submitted to the Secretary of (c) briefly state reason andor evidence for suggested
the B56 Committee, ASME International, Three Park change;
Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990. (d) submit suggested changes to more than one para-
Comments shall be writen in accordance with the graph in the order in which they appear in the volume.
following format: The appropriate B56 Subcommittee will consider
(a) specify paragraph designation of the pertinent each suggested revision at its first meeting after receipt
volume; of the suggested revision(s).

2
 ASME 856.6-2002

SAFETY STANDARD FOR ROUGH TERRAIN FORKLIFT TRUCKS

PART I
INTRODUCTION

1 SCOPE 4.2 Classification of Approved Rough Terrain

Forklift Trucks
This Standard defines the safety requirements relating
to the elements of design, operation, and maintenance The word approved means the classification or listing
of rough terrain forklift trucks. These trucks are intended of rough terrain forklift trucks as to fire, explosion,
for operation on unimproved natural terrain as well as and/or electric shock hazard by a nationally recognized
the disturbed terrain of construction sites. testing laboratory, i.e., a laboratory qualified and
equipped to conduct examinations and tests such as
those prescribed by Underwriters Laboratories, Inc.
2 DEFINITION
A rough terrain forklift truck is defined as a wheeled- 4.3 Terminology
type truck designed primarily as a fork truck with a
vertical mast and/or a pivoted boom, variable reach or For terminology not included in Nonmandatory Ap-
of fixed length, which may be equipped with attach- pendix A, refer to ANSI 294.0.
ments. This truck is intended for operation on unim-
proved natural terrain as well as the disturbed terrain
4.4 Requests for Interpretation
of construction sites. This definition excludes machines
designed primarily for earth moving, such as loaders The B56 Committee will render an interpretation of
and dozers, even though their buckets and blades are any requirement of this Standard. Interpretations will
replaced with forks, and machines designed primarily be rendered only in response to a written request
as over-the-road trucks equipped with lifting devices. sent to the Secretary of the B56 Committee, ASME
International, Three Park Avenue, New York, NY
10016-5990. The request for interpretation shall be in
3 PURPOSE the following format.
The purpose of this Standard is to promote safety
through the design, construction, application, operation, Subject: Cite the applicable paragraph number(s) and
and maintenance of rough terain forklift trucks. This provide a concise description.
Standard may be used as a guide by governmental
authorities desiring to formulate safety rules and regula- Edition: Cite the applicable edition of the pertinent
tions. This Standard is also intended for voluntary use standard for which the interpretation is being
by others associated with manufacture or utilizing rough requested.
terrain forklift trucks. Question: Phrase the question as a request for an
interpretation of a specific requirement suit-
able for general understanding and use, not
4 INTERPRETATION
as a request for approval of a proprietary
design or situation. The inquirer may also
4.1 Mandatory and Advisory Rules
include any plans or drawings that are neces-
To carry out the provisions of this Standard, all sary to explain the question; however, they
items in Parts II and III are mandatory except those should not contain proprietary names or
including the word should, which are recommendations. information.

3
ASME 856.6-2002 SAFETY STANDARD FOR ROUGH TERRAIN FORKLIFT TRUCKS

ASME procedures provide for reconsideration of any dorse” any item, construction, proprietary device or
interpretation when or if additional information that activity.
might affect an interpretation is available. Further,
persons aggrieved by an interpretation may appeal to 4-5 Metric
the cognizant ASME Committee or Subcommittee. The values stated in metric units are to be regarded
ASME does not “approve,” “certify,” “rate,” or “en- as the standard.

4
 ASME 856.6-2002

PART II
FOR THE USER

5 GENERAL SAFETY PRACTICES the modification or alteration, and the name of the
organization that accomplished the tasks.
5.1 Introduction
5.2.3 If the rough terrain forklift truck is equipped
5.1.1 Rough terrain forklift trucks can cause injury with front end attachment(s) or optional forks, the user
if improperly used or maintained. shall see that the truck is marked to identify the forks
or attachment(s), show the approximate weight of the
5.1.2 Part II contains broad safety standards applica- truck and fork or attachment combination, and show
ble to rough terrain forklift truck operations. Only the capacity of the truck with forks or attachment(s)
authorized operators trained to adhere strictly to the at maximum elevation with load laterally centered.
operating instructions stated in Section 6 shall be permit-
ted to operate rough terrain forklift trucks. Unusual 5.2.4 The user shall see that all nameplates and
operating conditions may require additional safety pre- caution and instruction markings are in place and legible.
cautions and special operating instructions.
5.2.5 The user shall consider that changes in load
dimension may affect rough terrain forklift truck ca-
(021 5.2 Modifications, Nameplates, Markings, and pacity.
Capacity
5.2.6 Where steering must be accomplished with
5.2.1 Except as provided in 5.2.2, no modifications either hand and the steering mechanism is of a type
or alterations to a rough terrain forklift truck, which that prevents road reactions from causing the handwheel
may affect the capacity, stability, or safe operations of to spin of a type that can be engaged by the operator's
the truck, shall be made without the prior written hand from the top, and shall be within the periphery
approval of the original truck manufacturer or its succes- of the steering handwheel.
sor thereof. When the truck manufacturer or its successor
approve a modification or alteration, appropriate changes 5.3 Stability
shall be made to capacity plates, decals, tags, and
operation and maintenance manuals. 5.3.1 Experience has shown that rough terrain forklift
trucks that comply with the stability requirements stated
5.2.2 In the event that the truck manufacturer is no in para. 8.6 are stable when properly operated. However,
longer in business and there is no successor in interest improper operation, faulty maintenance, or poor
to the business, the user may arrange for a modification housekeeping may contribute to a condition of instability
or alteration to a rough terrain forklift truck, provided and defeat the purpose of the Standard.
however, the user shall:
5.3.2 Some of the conditions that may affect stability
(a) arrange for modification or alteration to be de-
are ground and floor conditions, grade, speed, loading
signed, tested, and implemented by an engineer(s) expert
(rough'terrain forklift trucks equipped with attachments
in rough terrain forklift trucks and their safety;
behave as partially loaded trucks even when operated
fb) a permanent record Of the design, test(s), without a load on the attachment), dynamic and static
and implementation of the modification or alteration;
forces, improper tire inflation, and the judgment exer-
(c) make appropriate changes to the capacity plate(s), cised by the operator.
decals, tags, and operation and maintenance manuals;
(d) affix a permanent and readily visible label on 5.3.3 Users shall give consideration to special op-
the truck stating the manner in which the truck has erating conditions. The amount of forward and rearward
been modified or altered together with the date of tilt to be used is governed by the application. Although

5
ASME 856.6-2002 SAFETY STANDARD FOR ROUGH TERRAIN FORKLIFT TRUCKS

the use of maximum rearward tilt is allowable under 5.6.2 Rough terrain forklift trucks operated in hazard-
certain conditions, such as traveling with the load ous areas shall be approved and of the type required
lowered, the stability of a rough terrain forklift truck by ANSVNFPA 505.
as determined by the tests outlined in para. 8.6 does
5.6.2.1 Depending on the proposed type of rough
not encompass consideration for excessive tilt at high
terrain forklift truck and area, approved trucks shall
elevations or the operation of trucks with excessive
be built in compliance with UL 558.
off-center loads.
5.6.2.2 Rough terrain forklift trucks and areas
5.3.4 Some users may decide to establish, for their of use shall be marked in accordance with ANSV
own use, stability requirements that will vary from NFPA 505.
those in para. 8.6. However, the requirements in para.
8.6 should serve as a guide for the user, working with
the manufacturer, in establishing his own more stringent 5.7 Aisles and Obstructions
requirements.
5.7.1 Permanent aisles, roadways or passageways,
5.4 Safety Guards floors, and ramps shall be defined in some fashion or
marked to conform with ANSI 253.1.
5.4.1 Overhead Guards
5.4.1.1 Rough terrain forklift trucks shall be fitted 5.7.2 Permanent or temporary protrusions of loads,
with an overhead guard manufactured in accordance equipment, and material into the usual operating area
with para. 8.16. shall be guarded, clearly and distinctively marked, or
clearly visible.
5.4.1.2 An overhead guard is intended to offer
protection to the operator from falling objects, but it
cannot protect against every possible impact. Therefore, 5.8 Lighting for Operating Areas
the overhead guard should not be considered a substitute
for good judgment and care in loading, handling, stor- 5.8.1 Controlled lighting of adequate intensity should
age, etc. be provided in operating areas in conformance with
5.4.1.3 Under certain unusual operating conditions, ANSYIES RP7.
a stronger guard, or one having openings of smalier
size, may be specified by the user, working with the 5.8.2 Where operating conditions indicate, the user
rough terrain forklift truck manufacturer. shall be responsible for having the rough terrain forklift
truck equipped with lights.
5.4.2 Load Backrest Extension. A load backrest
extension shall be used when necessary to guard against
a load, or part of it, falling toward the operator. 5.9 Control of Noxious Gases and Fumes

5.9.1 Internal combustion engines deplete the oxygen

5.5 Fuel Handling and Storage
supply within enclosed spaces and may create a hazard
5.5.1 The storage and handling of liquid fuels (such unless the oxygen is replaced.
as gasoline and diesel fuel) shall be in accordance with 5.9.1 .I Ventilation shall be provided in enclosed
ANSVNFPA 505 and ANSVNFPA 30. areas where internal combustion powered equipment is
used, to maintain an atmosphere that shall not exceed
5.5.2 The storage and handling of liquefied petroleum
the contamination levels specified by the American
gas fuel shall be in accordance with ANSVNFPA 505
Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists
and ANSVNFPA 58.
“Threshold Limit Values of Airborne Contaminants.”
This includes the atmosphere within the rough terrain
5.6 Hazardous Locations forklift truck cab when a cab is provided.
5.6.1 It shall be the responsibility of the user to 5.9.1.2 Questions concerning degree of concentra-
determine the hazard classification of any particular tion and methods of sampling to ascertain the conditions
atmosphere or location according to ANSVNFPA 505. should be referred to a qualified person.

6
SAFETY STANDARD FOR ROUGH TERRAIN FORKLIFT TRUCKS ASME 856.6-2002

5.10 Sound Level 5.12.4 Maintain a safe distance from the edge of
ramps, platforms, or other similar working surfaces.
Rough terrain forklift trucks can contribute to the
ambient sound level in the work area. Consideration 5.12.5 Do not move railroad cars or trailers with a
should be given to the sound exposure of personnel rough terrain forklift truck unless the truck is properly
in the work area. designed and equipped for that operation.

5.11 Dockbóards (Bridge Plates) 5.13 Warning Device

5.13.1 Every rough terrain forklift truck shall be

5.11.1 Portable and powered dockboards shall be
equipped with an operator-controlled horn, whistle,
marked conspicuously with their carrying capacity. The
gong, or other sound-producing device(s). The user
carrying capacity indicated shall not be exceeded.
shall see that all warning devices are in place and in
working order.
5.11.2 Portable dockboards shall be secured in posi-
tion to. prevent their slipping. 5.13.2 The user shall determine if operating condi-
tions require the rough terrain forklift truck to be
5.11.3 Handholds or other effective means shall be equipped with additional sound-producing or visual
provided on portable dockboards to permit safe handling. devices, and be responsible for providing and main-
Where possible, fork loops or lugs shall be provided taining such devices.
for handling by rough terrain forklift trucks.
5.14 Relocating Rough Terrain Forklift Trucks
5.11.4 All types of dockboards shall have a high
When utilizing lifting equipment such as elevators,
friction surface designed to reduce the possibility of
cranes, ship hoisting gear, etc., to relocate a rough
employees or rough terrain forklift trucks slipping.
terrain forklift truck, the user shall ensure that the
capacity of the hoisting equipment being used is not
5.11.5 All types of dockboards shall be designed
exceeded.
and maintained so that the end edges will have a
substantial contact with the dock (or loading platform)
and the transport vehicle to prevent the dockboard from 5.15 Elevating Personnel
rocking or sliding. 5.15.1 A rough terrain forklift truck shall not be
used to lift people unless there is no other practical
5.12 Rough Terrain Forklift Trucks and option. If a rough terrain forklift truck 'must be used
Railroad Cars to lift people, the following precautions for the protec-
tion of personnel shall be taken:
5.12.1 When rough terrain forklift trucks are driven (a) provide a personnel platform which complies
on and off road trucks or trailers during the loading with the design requirements listed in Part III of this
and unloading operation, the brakes on the road trucks Standard;
and trailers shall be applied and wheel chock(s), or (b) be certain that the platform is securely attached
positive mechanical restraints which provide the equiva- to the lifting carriage and forks;
lent protection of wheel chocks, shall be engaged. (c) be certain that the lifting carriage and forks are
secured to prevent them from pivoting upward;
5.12.2 Provision shall be made to prevent railroad (d) on trucks equipped with rotators, deactivate the
cars from being moved during loading and unloading. rotation;
Wheel stops, hand brakes, or other recognized positive ( e ) provide protection for personnel in their normal
means shall be used to prevent movement during loading working position on the platform from moving parts
and unloading. of the rough terrain forklift truck that represents a
hazard;
5.12.3 Whenever rough terrain forklift trucks are (f) provide overhead protection as indicated to be
driven on and off semitrailers not coupled to a tractor, necessary by the operating conditions;
supports may be needed to prevent upending or corner (g) be certain that the lifting mechanism is operating
dipping. smoothly throughout its entire lift range, both empty

7
r

ASME 856.6-2002 SAFETY STANDARD FOR ROUGH TERRAIN FORKLIFT TRUCKS

and loaded [as described in para. 5.15.1(t)], and that ( x ) any body belt, lanyard, or deceleration device
all lift limiting devices and latches, if provided, are which has sustained permanent deformation or is other-
functional; wise damaged shall be replaced;
(h) be certain that the mast or boom travel is verti- ( y ) prohibit modification to the platform that is detri-
cal - do not operate on a side slope unless the rough mental to its safe use.
terrain forklift truck is leveled;
(i) be certain that the platfom is horizontal and 5.16 Operator Qualifications
never tilt platform forward or rearward when elevated;
(j) be certain that the rough terrain forklift truck 5.16.1 Only trained and authorized persons shail be
has a firm footing; permitted to operate a rough terrain forklift truck.
(k) be certain that required straining means such as Operators of rough terrain forklift trucks shall be quali-
railings, chains, cable, body belt(s) with lanyard(s), fied as to visual, auditory, physical, and mental ability
etc., are in place and properly used; to operate the equipment safely according to para. 5.17
(I) place rough terrain forklift truck control(s) in and all other applicable parts of Section 5.
neutral and set parking brake;
(m) before elevating personnel, area shall be marked 5.17 Operator Training
to warn of work by elevated personnel;
(n) be certain that the path of platform travel is 5.17.1 The user shall ensure that operators understand
clear of hazards, e.g., storage racks, scaffolds, overhead that the safe operation is the operator’s responsibility.
obstructions, and electrical wires; The user shall ensure that operators are knowledgeable
of, and observe, the safety rules and practices in paras.
(o) keep hands and feet clear of controls other than
those in use; 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, and 6.5.
( p ) lift and lower personnel smoothly, with caution, 5.17.2 An effective operator training program should
and only at their request; center around user company’s policies, operating condi-
(4) always lower the platform if you must move the tions, and rough terrain forklift trucks. The program
rough terrain forklift truck for adjustments in posi- should be presented completely to all new operators
tioning; and not be condensed for those claiming previous
( r ) alert elevated personnel before moving the plat- experience.
form. Then move the platform smoothly and with
caution. 5.17.3 Information on operator training is available
(s) a trained operator shall be in position to control from several sources, including rough terrain forklift
the rough terrain forklift truck, or available to operate truck manufacturers, users, government agencies, etc.
controls if the platform is not equipped with controls.
When the operator is not in the operating position, 5.17.4 An operator training program should con-
block the truck wheels and apply the parking brake sist of
with all travel controls in neutral. (a) careful selection of the operator, considering
( t ) the combined mass (weight) of the platform, physical qualifications, job attitude, and aptitude;
load, and personnel shall not exceed one-third of the (b) emphasis on safety of stock, equipment, operator,
capacity at the related load center position as indicated and other personnel;
on the information plate(s) of the rough terrain forklift (c) citing of rules and whey they were formulated;
truck on which the platform is used; (d) basic fundamentals of rough terrain forklift truck
(u) personnel are to maintain firm footing on platform and component design as related to safety, e.g., in.-lb
floor unless secured by body belt and lanyard. Use of (N . m) loading, mechanical limitations, center of
railings, planks, ladders, etc., on the platform for purpose gravity, stability, etc.;
of achieving additional reach or height is prohibited; ( e ) introduction to equipment, control locations, and
(v) be certain that personnel and equipment on the functions. Explain how they work when used properly
platform do not exceed the available space; and problems when used improperly.
(w) platform shall be lowered to floor level for ’( supervised practice on operating course remote
personnel to enter and exit. Personnel shall not climb from normal activity and designed to simulate actual
on any part of the rough terrain forklift truck in operations, e.g., lumber stacking, elevating shingles to
attempting to enter and exit. the roof, etc.;

8
SAFETY STANDARD FOR ROUGH TERRAIN FORKLIFT TRUCKS ACME 856.6-2002

(g) oral, written, and operational performance tests 6.2.4 Never put any part of the body into the mast
and evaluations during and at completion of the course; structure or between the mast and the rough terrain
(h) refresher courses, which may be condensed ver- forklift truck.
sions of the primary course, and periodic, “on job”
operator evaluation; 6.2.5 Never put any part of the body within the
(i) understanding of nameplate data and operator reach mechanism of the rough terrain forklift truck or
instructions and warning information appearing on the other attachments.
rough terrain forklift truck. 6.2.6 Understand rough terrain forklift truck limita-
tions and operate the truck in a safe manner so as not
6 OPERATING SAFETY RULES AND to cause injury to personnel.
PRACTICES Safeguard pedestrians at all times. Do not drive a
rough terrain forklift truck up to anyone standing in
6.1 Operator Responsibility front of an object. Exercise particular care during
backing and other operations where pedestrians may
6.1;1 Safe operation is the responsibility of the step into the path of travel of the truck.
operator.
6.2.7 Do not allow anyone to stand or pass under
6.1.2 The equipment can be dangerous if not used the elevated portion of any rough terrain forklift truck,
properly. The operator shall develop safe working habits whether empty or loaded.
and also be aware of hazardous conditions in order to
protect himself, other personnel, the rough terrain fork- 6.2.8 Do not permit passengers to ride on rough (02)
lift truck. and other material. terrain forklift trucks unless a safe place has been
provided by the manufacturer that complies with
6.1.3 The operator shall be familiar with the operation para. 8.27.
and function of all controls and instruments before The passenger shall:
undertaking to operate the rough terrain forklift truck. (a) remain seated at all times except when entering
and exiting;
6.1.4 Before operating any rough terrain forklift (b) fasten the seat belt;
truck, truck operators shall have read and be familiar (c) keep ail parts of the body, including hands and
with the operator’s manual for the particular truck being feet, inside the passenger compartment;
operated; they shall also abide by the safety rules and
(d) keep clear of, and make no contact with, the
practices in paras. 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, and 6.5.
operating controls of the rough terrain forklift truck.
The operator shall only operate the rough terrain
6.2 General forklift truck in a manner that ensures the passenger’s
6.2.1 Before starting to operate the rough terrain safety.
forklift truck: 6.2.9 Check clearance carefully before driving under
( a ) be in operating position and fasten seat belt, if electrical lines, bridges, etc.
so equipped;
(6) place directional controls in neutral; 6.2.10 A rough terrain forklift truck is attended
(c) disengage clutch on manual transmission- when the operator is less than 25 ft (7.6 mm) from
equipped rough terrain forklift trucks, or apply brake on the truck, which remains in his view.
power shift or automatic transmission-equipped trucks;
(d) start engine. 6.2.11 A rough terrain forklift truck is unattended
when the operator is 25 ft (7.6 mm) or more from the
6.2.2 Do not start or operate the rough terrain forklift truck, which remain-s in his view, or whenever the
truck, any of its functions or attachments, from any operator leaves the truck and it is not in his view.
place other than from the designated operator’s position.
6.2.12 Before leaving the operator’s position:
6.2.3 Keep hands and feet inside the operator’s ( a ) bring rough terrain forklift truck to a com-
designated area or compartment. Do not put any part plete stop;
of the body outside the operator compartment of the (b) place directionai controls in neutral;
rough terrain forklift truck. (c) apply the parking brake;

9
ASME 656.6-2002 SAFETY STANDARD FOR ROUGH TERRAIN FORKLIFT TRUCKS

(d) lower load-engaging means fully, unless support- 6.3 Traveling

ing an elevated platform;
In addition, when leaving the rough terrain forklift 6.3.1 On rough terrain forklift trucks equipped with
truck unattended: individual wheel brake pedals, lock pedals together for
simultaneous operation before travel on public roads
( e ) stop the engine;
or when changing job sites.
(f) if the rough terrain forklift. truck must be left
on an incline, block the wheels; 6.3.2 For rough terrain forklift trucks equipped with
(g) fully lower the load-engaging means. a differential lock, the lock should not be engaged
when driving on the road or at high speeds or when
6.2.13 Maintain a safe distance from the edge of turning. If the lock is engaged when turning, there
ramps, platforms, and other similar working surfaces. could be loss of steering control.

6.3.3 Observe all traffic regulations including author-

6.2.14 Do not move railroad cars or trailers with a ized speed limits. Under normal traffic conditions, keep
rough terrain forklift truck unless the truck is properly to the right. Maintain a safe distance, based on speed
designed and equipped for that operation. of travel, from the truck ahead; and keep the truck
under control at all times.
6.2.15 Do not use a rough terrain forklift truck for
opening or closing railroad car doors, unless the truck 6.3.4 Yield the right of way to pedestrians and
utilizes a device specifically designed for opening and emergency vehicles such as ambulances and fire trucks.
closing railroad car doors and the operator is trained
6.3.5 Do not pass another truck traveling in the
in its use.
same direction at intersections, blind spots, or at other
The design of the door-opening device shall require
dangerous locations.
the rough terrain forklift truck to travel parallel to the
railroad car, with the force applied in a direction parallel 6.3.6 Slow down and sound the audible warning
with the door travel. Care should be exercised when device(s) at cross aisles and other locations where
engaging the door-opening device with the railroad car vision is obstructed.
door in order to prevent damage to the doors and/or
the rough terrain forklift truck by heavy impact forces. 6.3.7 Cross railroad tracks at an angle wherever
The entire door opening operation shall be in full view possible. Do not park closer than 6 ft (1.8 m) to the
of the operator. The rough terrain forklift truck shall nearest rail of a railroad track.
always be positioned to safeguard the dock attendant
while removing the door lock pin. Whenever a railroad 6.3.8 Keep a clear view of the path of travel and
car door requires an abnormal force to open, the truck observe for other traffic, personnel, and safe clearances.
operator shall report the condition to his supervisor or
as instructed. 6.3.9 If the load being carried obstructs forward
view, travel with the load trailing.

6.2.16 In areas classified as hazardous, use only 6.3.10 Ascend or descend grades slowly, and with
rough terrain forklift trucks approved for use in caution.
those areas. (a) When ascending or descending grades in excess
of 5%, loaded rough terrain forklift trucks shall be
6.2.17 Report all accidents involving personnel, driven with the load upgrade.
building structures, and equipment to the supervisor or (6) Unloaded rough terrain forklift trucks should be
as directed. operated on all grades with the load-engaging means
downgrade.
6.2.18 Do not add to, or modify, the rough terrain (c) On all grades, the load and load-engaging means
forklift truck. shall be tilted back, if applicable, and raised only as
far as necessary to clear the road surface.
(d) Avoid turning, if possible, and use extreme cau-
6.2.19 Do not block access to fire aisles, stairways, tion on grades, ramps, or inclines; normally travel
or fire equipment. straight up and down.

10
SAFETY STANDARD FOR ROUGH TERRAIN FORKLIFT TRUCKS ASME 656.6-2002

6.3.11 Under all travel conditions, operate the rough 6.4.3 Handle only stable or safely arranged loads.
terrain forklift truck at a speed that will permit it to (a) When handling off-center loads that cannot be
be brought to a stop in a safe manner. centered, operate with extra caution.
(b) Handle only loads within the capacity of the
6.3.12 Travel with load-engaging means or load low rough terrain forklift truck.
and, where possible, tilted back. Do not elevate the
(c) Handle loads exceeding the dimensions used to
load except during stacking.
establish rough terrain forklift truck capacity with extra
6.3.13 Make starts, stops, turns, or direction reversals caution. Stability and maneuverability may be adversely
in a smooth manner so as not to shift load andor affected.
overturn the rough terrain forklift truck.
6.4.4 When attachments are used, extra care shall
6.3.14 Do not indulge in stunt driving or horseplay. be taken in securing, manipulating, positioning, and
transporting the load. Operate rough terrain forklift
6.3.15 Slow down for wet and slippery floors.
trucks equipped with attachments as partially loaded
6.3116 Before driving over a dockboard or bridge trucks when not handling a load.
plate, be sure that it is properly secured. Drive carefully
and slowly across the dockboard or bridge plate, and 6.4.5 Completely engage the load with the load-
never exceed its rated capacity. engaging means. Fork length should be at least two-
thirds of load length. Where tilt is provided, carefully
6.3.17 Do not drive rough terrain forklift trucks tilt the load backward to stabilize the load. Caution
onto any elevator unless specifically authorized to do should be used in tilting backward with high or seg-
so. Approach elevators slowly, and then enter squarely mented loads (see paras. 5.3.3 and 6.4.6).
after the elevator car is properly leveled. Once on the
elevator, neutralize the controls, shut off engine, and 6.4.6 Use extreme care when tilting load forward
set brakes. It is advisable that all other personnel leave or backward, particularly when high tiering. Do not
the elevator before truck is allowed to enter or leave. tilt forward with load-engaging means elevated except
to pick up or deposit a load over a rack or stack.
6.3.18 Avoid running over loose objects on the
When stacking or tiering, use only enough backward
roadway surface.
tilt to stabilize the load.
6.3.19 When negotiating turns, reduce speed to a
safe level, and turn steering handwheel in a smooth, 6.4.7 The handling of suspended loads by means
sweeping motion. Except when maneuvering at a very of a crane arm (boom) or other device can introduce
low speed, turn the steering handwheel at a moderate, dynamic forces affecting the stability of a rough terrain
even rate. forklift truck that are not considered in the stability
criteria of para. 8.6. Grades and sudden starts, stops,
6.3.20 Use special care when traveling without load, and turns can cause the load to swing and create a
as the risk of lateral overturning is greater. hazard if not externally stabilized [see para. 6.4.7(a)(5)].
(a) When handling suspended loads:
6.4 Loading ( I ) do not exceed the truck manufacturer’s capacity
6.4.1 Improper use of stabilizer controls (if so of the rough terrain forklift truck as equipped for
handling suspended loads;
equipped) could cause rough terrain forklift truck upset.
Always lower the carriage before operating stabilizer (2) only lift the load vertically and never drag it
controls. horizontally;
(3) transport the load with the bottom of the load
6.4.2 For rough terrain forklift trucks equipped with and the mast as low as possible;
lateral leveling: (4) with load elevated, maneuver the rough terrain
(a) Always level the frame before raising the boom forklift truck slowly and cautiously, and only to the
or mast, with or without load. extent necessary to permit lowering to the transport
(b) Lateral leveling should not be used to position position;
an elevated load; instead, lower the load and reposition (5) use guy lines to restrain load swing whenever
the rough terrain forklift truck. possible.

11
ASME 856.6-2002 SAFETY STANDARD FOR ROUGH TERRAIN FORKLIFT TRUCKS

6.5 Operator Care of the Rough Terrain 7.2 Specifications

Forklift Truck
Maintenance and inspection of all rough terrain fork-
6.5.1 At the beginning of each shift and before lift trucks shall be performed in conformance with the
manufacturer’s and user’s recommendations and the
operating the rough terrain forklift truck, check its
following practices:
condition, giving special attention to the following:
(a) a planned system for scheduled inspection, lubri-
(a) tires and their inflation pressure
cation, maintenance, and adjustment shall be established
(b) warning devices
and followed;
( c ) lights
(b) only trained and authorized personnel shall be
( d ) lift and tilt systems, load-engaging means, chains, permitted to maintain, repair, adjust, and inspect rough
cables, and limit switches terrain forklift trucks, and they shall do so in accordance
(e) brakes with manufacturer’s specifications.
’( steering mechanism
(g) fuel system(s) 7.2.1 Before starting inspection and repair of a rough
terrain forklift truck:
6.5.1.1 If the rough terrain forklift truck is found
(a) use chocks or other positive truck-positioning
to be in need of repair or in any way unsafe, or
devices;
contributes to an unsafe condition, the matter shall be
(b) block load-engaging means, innermast(s), or chas-
reported immediately to the user’s designated authority,
sis before working on them;
and the truck shall not be operated until it has been
restored to safe operating condition. ( c ) before disconnecting any part of the engine fuel
system of gasoline-powered rough terrain forklift trucks
6.5.2 If during operation the rough terrain forklift with gravity-feed fuel systems, take precautions to
truck becomes unsafe in any way, the matter shall be eliminate any possibility of unintentional fuel escape;
reported immediately to the user’s designated authority, ( d ) before disconnecting any part of the engine fuel
and the truck shall not be operated until it has been system of LP gas-powered rough terrain forklift trucks,
restored to safe operating condition. close the LP tank valve and run the engine until the
fuel in the system is depleted and the engine stops. If
6.5.3 Do not make repairs or adjustments unless the engine will not run, close the LP tank valve and
specifically authorized to do so. vent fuel slowly in a nonhazardous area.
( e ) disconnect battery before working on the electri-
6.5.4 When refueling, smoking in the area shall not cai system.
be permitted, the engine shall be stopped, and the
7.2.2 Operation of the rough terrain forklift truck
operator shall not be on the rough terrain forklift truck.
to check performance shall be conducted in an author-
ized area where safe clearance exists.
6.5.5 Spillage of oil or fuel shall be carefully and
(a) Before starting to operate the rough terrain fork-
completely absorbed or evaporated and fuel tank cap
lift truck:
replaced before restarting engine.
( 1 ) be in operating position and fasten seat belt,
if so equipped;
6.5.6 Do not use open flames when checking electro-
lyte level in storage batteries, liquid level in fuel tanks,
(2) disengage clutch on manual transmission-
equipped rough terrain forklift trucks, or apply brake on
or the condition of LPG fuel lines and connectors.
power shift or automatic transmission-equipped rough
terrain forklift trucks;
(3) place directional controls in neutral;
7 MAINTENANCE AND REBUILD PRACTICES (4) start engine;
(5) check functioning of lift and tilt systems, load-
7.1 General engaging means, steering, warning devices, and brakes.
Rough terrain forklift trucks may become hazardous (6) Before leaving the rough terrain forklift truck:
if maintenance is neglected. Therefore, maintenance ( I ) stop truck
facilities, trained personnel, and procedures shall be (2) fully lower the load-engaging means;
provided. Such facilities may be on or off the premises. (3) place directional controls in neutral;

12
SAFETY STANDARD FOR ROUGH TERRAIN FORKLIFT TRUCKS ASME 856.6-2002

(4) apply the parking brake; approval. Capacity, operation, and maintenance instruc-
(5) stop the engine; tion plates, tags, or decals shall be changed accordingly.
(6) turn off the ignition circuit;
(7) if the truck must be left on an incline, block 7.2.13 Care shall be taken to ensure that ail replace-
the wheels. ment parts, including tires, are interchangeable with
the original parts and of a quality at least equal to
7.2.3 Avoid fire hazards and have fire protection that provided in the original equipment. Parts, including
equipment present in the work area. Do not use an tires, are to be installed using all safety and applicable
open flame to check for level or leakage of fuel, battery installation procedures.
electrolyte, or coolant. Do not use open pans of fuel
or flammable cleaning fluids for cleaning parts. 7.2.14 When removing tires, follow industry safety
practices. Most importantly, deflate pneumatic tires
7.2.4 Properly ventilate work area, vent exhaust completely prior to removal from rims. Following as-
fumes, and keep shop clean and dry. sembly of tires on rims, use a safety cage or restraining
device while inflating.
7.2.5 Handle LP gas cylinders with care. Physical
damage such as dents, scrapes, or gouges may danger- 7.2.15 Inspection and Repair of Forks
ously weaken the tank and make it unsafe for use. (a) Forks shall be inspected at intervals not greater
than 12 months or whenever permanent deformation
7.2.6 Brakes, steering mechanisms, control mecha- is suspected. Severe applications shall warrant more
nisms, warning devices, lights, governors, lift overload frequent inspection. Inspection records shall be kept.
devices, guards and safety devices, lift and tilt mecha- (b) Fork inspection shall be performed by trained
nisms, articulating axle stops, and frame members shall personnel. The forks shall be carefully examined for
be carefully and regularly inspected and maintained in the following:
a safe operating condition.

7.2.7 Special rough terrain forklift trucks or devices Examination Criteria

designed and approved for hazardous area operation ( 1 ) Surface cracks Visual check or nondestructive
shall receive special attention to ensure that maintenance testing
preserves the original, approved safe operating features. (2) Straightness of blade and Within 0.5% of length of blade
shank or height of shank
7.2.8 Fuel systems shall be checked for leaks and (3) Fork angle from upper face Not greater than 93 deg. or within
condition of parts. Extra special consideration shall be of blade to load face of shank 3 deg. of original specification
(4) Relative height of fork tips Difference in height not to exceed
given in the case of a leak in the fuel system. Action
in set when mounted on fork 3% of length of blade
shall be taken to prevent the use of the rough terrain carrier
forklift truck until the leak has been corrected. (5) Operation of positioning lock Good repair and correct operation
(if provided)
7.2.9 All hydraulic systems shall be regularly in- (6) Wear, especially in the area Thickness shall be within 10%
spected and maintained in conformance with good of heel of original specification or not
practice. Tilt cylinders, valves, and other parts shall less than minimum thickness
as specified by fork manufac-
be checked to ensure that “drift” or leakage has not turer
developed to the extent that it would create a hazard. (7) Fit of fork arm mounting Visual check for fit with no ex-
hooks or eyes cessive wear or deformation
7.2.1O The rough terrain forklift truck manufacturer’s between hooks and carrier of
capacity, operation, and maintenance instruction plates, fork eye and shaft
tags, or decals shall be maintained in legible condition. (8) Markings Shall be legible

7.2.11 Rough terrain forklift trucks shall be kept in

a clean condition to minimize fire hazards and facilitate If any of the above criteria are not met, the fork
detection of loose or defective parts. shall be withdrawn from service and shall not be
returned to service until it has been repaired in accor-
7.2.12 Modifications and additions that affect capac- dance with para. 7.2.15(c).
ity and safe rough terrain forklift truck operation shall (c) Only the fork manufacturer or an expert of equal
not be performed without manufacturer’s prior written competence shall decide if a fork may be repaired.

13
ASME B56.6-2002 SAFETY STANDARD FOR ROUGH TERRAIN FORKLIFT TRUCKS

The repairs shall always be carried out by such qualified (3) A fork that has undergone any repairs, other
personnel to the recommendations and specifications than repair or replacement of the positioning lock or
of the fork manufacturer. If a fork is not repairable, fork markings, shall pass load testing in accordance
it shall be cut in two at the heel area. Repairs are with para. 7.2.15(d) before being returned to service.
subject to the following restrictions: (d) The test load shall correspond to 2.5 times the
( 1 ) Surface cracks or wear shall not be repaired. rated capacity as marked on the fork. The load test
(2) When straightness, fork angle, or tip height shall be performed in the same manner as described
are reset, the fork shall be appropriately heat treated. in para. 8.14.3.

14
 ASME B56.6-2002

PART 111
FOR THE MANUFACTURER

8 DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION can transport and stack to a height and/or reach estab-
STANDARDS lished by the manufacturer:
(a) up to and including 30,000 lb at a 24 in. load
8.1 Introduction center (13 600 kg at 600 mm);
(b) over 30,000 lb at a 24, 36, or 48 in. load center
This Part sets forth safety standards for the design
and construction of rough terrain forklift trucks at the (13 600 kg at 600, 900, or 1200 mm).
time of manufacture. 8.4.3.1 If any of the foregoing trucks are equipped
with manufacturer approved attachments, the rated ca-
8.2 Operating Instructions pacity of that rough terrain forklift truck shall be
established by the truck manufacturer and expressed
The manufacturer shall provide an operator’s manual in pounds (kilograms) at a specified load center and
covering the operation of the specific type of rough for a specified load elevation.
terrain forklift truck. A location to store manual(s) shall
be provided on the truck. 8.5 Nameplates and Markings (See Paras. 8.3
and 8.4)
8.3 Capacity
8.5.1 The manufacturer shall stamp or otherwise
8.3.1 Capacity shall be established with a load permanently affix the serial number to the frame of
equivalent to an unrestrained homogeneous cube, with the rough terrain forklift truck.
overall dimensions twice the specified load center dis-
tance. 8.5.2 The following information shall be provided (02)
by the manufacturer on every rough terrain forklift
8.3.2 Capacity shall be based on the strength of the truck, and shall be legibly and permanently inscribed
various components of the rough terrain forklift truck on the lift truck, and/or durable corrosion resistant
and on stability tests specified in para. 8.6, and shall nameplate(s) and/or label(s):
be expressed in pounds (kilograms), at a specified load (a) name and address (city, state, country are manda-
center distance in inches (millimeters), that a truck can tory) of the manufacturer of the truck;
transport and stack to a specified elevation of the load- (b) model number;
engaging means. (c) serial number;
(ci) year of manufacture;
8.4 Rated Capacity ( e ) identity of the originally equipped front end
attachment (if the truck is not equipped with a device
8.4.1 The rated capacity shall be established by the to allow quick interchange of attachments);
manufacturer with a load equivalent to an unrestrained
(f) maximum weight of the unladen truck fully fueled
homogeneous cube, with overall dimensions of twice
and serviced, but without the operator, and:
the required load center dimension.
( I ) with the weight of forks or attachment(s) if
8.4.2 The rated capacity shall be based on the the truck is not equipped with a device to allow quick
strength of the various components of the rough terrain interchange of attachments.
forklift truck and on stability tests specified in para. 8.6. (2) without the weight of removable attachments
if the truck is equipped with a device to allow quick
8.4.3 The rated capacity for rough terrain forklift interchange of attachments.
trucks is the maximum weight, expressed in pounds ( 8 ) capacity of the truck;
(kilograms), at the following load centers, that a truck (h) capacity of the truck and attachment combination

15
ASME 856.6-2002 SAFETY STANDARD FOR ROUGH TERRAIN FORKLIFT TRUCKS

at maximum elevation of the load-engaging means with (d) year of manufacture;

load laterally centered only if the truck is not equipped ( e ) maximum weight of the attachment. Those attach-
with a device to allow quick interchange of attachments; ments having interchangeable components (such as car-
(i) designation of compliance with the mandatory riages that accept different types of forks) shall specify
requirements of this Standard, applicable to the manufac- the weight of the attachment with the heaviest inter-
turer. changeable components;
(f3 distance of the center of gravity of the unladen
8.5.3 Markings authorized by the appropriate nation- attachment from its mounting. This “mounting”
ally recognized testing laboratory shall be installed on may be:
approved rough terrain forklift trucks. (1) for fork mounted attachments, that portion of
the attachment which contacts the vertical member of
8.5.4 Vertical mast rough terrain forklift trucks shall
the fork.
be provided with a clearly legible chart, visible to the
(2) for attachments that fit on a quick interchange
operator, in his operating position, giving load handling
device, the vertical centerline of the point about which
capacities in conformance with paras. 8.3 and 8.4. In
the quick interchange device pivots. The vertical center-
addition, the rated capacity and capacities at other load
line shall be established where the center of gravity
centers and load elevations may be shown.
of the attachment is furthest away from the pivot point.
8.5.5 Rough terrain forklift trucks equipped with a (8)capacity of the attachment., For those attachments
telescopic boom that provides variable reach at variable where the capacity may vary depending upon the capac-
elevations shall be provided with a clearly legible chart, ity of interchangeable components such as carriages
visible to the operator in his operating position, giving that accept different types of forks, the maximum
load handling capacities in conformance with paras. capacity of the attachment with interchangeable compo-
8.3 and 8.4 of this Standard. The load capacity chart nents shall be specified;
shall show, as a minimim, the information shown in ( h ) the maximum hydraulic operating pressure rec-
Figs. 1 and 2. Information shall be given with or ommended by the attachment manufacturer (on hydrau-
without manually operated stabilizers andor axle locks, lically actuated attachments);
if so equipped. Additional information may be included, (i) the following instruction (or equivalent); capacity
if desired. of the rough terrain forklift truck and attachment combi-
(a) A method of indicating boom angle in degrees nation, and the forks, if part of this attachment, may
shall be provided using O deg at the horizontal position be less than capacity shown on attachment. Refer to
of the boom and shall be visible to the operator in load capacity chart for the truck with this attachment,
his operating position. and individual load ratings stamped on forks, if they
(h) A method of indicating boom extension shall be are required.
provided starting at minimum extension, and shall be (j) designation of compliance with the mandatory
clearly visible to the operator in his operating position. requirements of this Standard, applicable to the manufac-
(c) The load capacity chart shall have the above turer.
reference information included in such a manner that
the position and capacity of the load carrying device(s)
may be determined by the operator. 8.6 General Stability Criteria - Tilting
Platform Tests
8.5.6 The following information shall be provided
8.6.1 Rough terrain forklift trucks shall meet the
by the manufacturer on every removable attachment
design stability requirements set forth.
(excluding forks, fork extensions or other interchange-
able attachment components), and shall be legibly and 8.6.2 Design stability is the measure of a rough
permanently inscribed on the removable attachment, terrain forklift truck‘s resistance to overturning under
andor durable corrosion resistent nameplate(s) and/or rigidly controlled static conditions that include consider-
label(s): ation for dynamic factors encountered in normal applica-
(a) name and address (city, state, country are manda- tion and operation. Influencing factors include weight,
tory) of the manufacturer of the attachment; weight distribution, wheelbase, wheel tread, method of
(b) model number; suspension, truck speed, and tire and mast deflection
( c ) serial number; under load.

16
SAFETY STANDARD FOR ROUGH TERRAIN FORKLIFT TRUCKS ASME B56.6-2002

25 20 15 10 5 O
Forward reach, ft

FIG. 1 LIFTING CAPACITY FOR CENTER OF GRAVITY OF 48 in. CUBE -WITHOUT MANUALLY
OPERATED STABILIZERS
U.S. Customary Units

17
ASME 856.6-2002 SAFETY STANDARD FOR ROUGH TERRAIN FORKLIFT TRUCKS

Forward reach, ft

FIG. 2 LIFTING CAPACITY FOR CENTER OF GRAVITY OF 1200 mm CUBE - WITHOUT MANUALLY
OPERATED STABILIZERS
Metric Units

18
SAFETY STANDARD FOR ROUGH TERRAIN FORKLIFT TRUCKS ASME B56.6-2002

8.6.3 Stability shall be determined by one of the of the tests. Provisions for preventing total overturning
following methods. of the truck should impose no measurable restriction
(a) Tilting Platform Tests. The tests described for on the truck until the overturning moment occurs.
the specific rough terrain forklift truck type verify truck (b) Although the test load shall not be restrained in
stability. They may be used for confirming lift truck any manner that will affect the deflection of the forks
design and are intended to be applied to prototype or mast or free movement of the rough terrain forklift
trucks, but may also be applied to production trucks on truck as the platform is tilted, the test load shall be
a selective basis as required by the user or manufacturer. secured against possible sliding on the forks in order
(b) Calculated Stabilify Values. Calculations, based to sustain an accurate load center and for safety reasons
on empirical data for similar rough terrain forklift trucks, in case the truck tips past the balance point.
that include allowance for manufacturing variations and ( c ) For tests requiring an elevated load, i t is permissi-
tire, mast, carriage, attachment, and other deflections, ble to simulate a load by hanging the test load from
may be used to predict stability with reasonable ac- a framework supported by the forks in the manner
curacy. described in para. 8.6.5(b). This point of suspension
(c) When comparing calculated and test values, the shall be on the centerline of the truck and at a height
test values are considered the true measure of stability. above the forks and at a distance from the front face
of the forks equal to the rated load center dimension
8.6.4 General - Conducting Tilting Platform before the weight of the test load has caused the forks
Tests to deflect. The load shall be free to pivot in any
(a) The tests shall be conducted on a completely direction around the point of suspension, such as by
operational rough terrain forklift truck with the least use of chain or cable.
stable combination of tires and wheels offered by the (ú) It is also permissible to use two test loads of
manufacturer. equal weight suspended from the ends of a transverse
(b) The test platform shall have a rigid, flat surface; beam fastened to a framework supported by the forks
otherwise, measurements or effect of slope may be as described in para. 8.6.5(b), provided the loads are
erratic. suspended from points equidistant from the rated load
( c ) The rough terrain forklift truck being tested shall center location before the weight of the test load has
be placed on a platform that is initially horizontal and caused the forks to deflect. The loads shall be free to
in the position specified for each of the required tests. pivot in any direction around the points of suspension,
(d) The platform shall be tilted to the slope specified such as by use of chain or cable. The transverse beam
for each of the required tests. See Table 1. shall be strong enough to prevent deflection that would
(e) The rough terrain forklift truck is considered shift the load center.
stable if it does not overturn when the test platform ( e ) If test load is to be supported on top of the
is tilted to the specified platform slope values. Overturn forks, care shall be taken to see that it contacts the
is defined as the point at which the truck completely front face of the forks adjacent to the heel. For this
tips over, not the point at which a wheel(s) leaves the purpose, the edge of the test load shall be chamfered
platform. to clear the radius at the heel of the fork.
When placed on the forks, the center of mass (fl Upon completion of the tests, checks shall be
of the test load shall be located on the longitudinal made to make sure the center of gravity of the load
centerline of the rough terrain forklift truck. has not changed from the original position. Forward
(g) The coefficient of friction of the platform surface drift may be prevented during test by means of a
may be increased, if necessary, by an appropriate positive shutoff valve in the hydraulic tilt lines, or
friction-increasing material to prevent sliding. equivalent.
(h) When attachments are supplied as original equip- (g) On pneumatic tire rough terrain forklift trucks,
ment, the rough terrain forklift truck shall be equipped tires shall be checked to make sure they are properly
with the attachment, and the test load shall be representa- inflated. This is essential to provide accurate and repeat-
tive of the capacity of the truck with attachment. able results.

8.6.5 Test Procedure Considerations 8.6.6 Test Load. The test load shall be such that
(a) Special precautions should be taken to prevent its action corresponds to that of a homogeneous cube,
complete Overturning of the rough terrain forklift truck the dimensions of which are twice the designated load
or the displacement of the test load during the course center distance.

19
ASME 856.6-2002 SAFETY STANDARD FOR ROUGH TERRAIN FORKLIFT TRUCKS

U
m

ir
ï

w
e

20
S A F E N STANDARD FOR ROUGH TERRAIN FORKLIFT TRUCKS ASME B56.6-2002

8.6.7 Summary of Tests for Stability. See Ta- the center of mass of the test load shall be located on
ble l . the longitudinal centerline of the truck.
(a) For rough terrain forklift trucks having a
8.6.8 Tilting Platform Tests vertical mast only and which includes tilting capability
8.6.8.1 The following tests are designed to verify with the test load supported approximately 20 in. (500
rated capacities of rough terrain forklift trucks having mm) above the platform, and in a normal and unre-
rated capacities up to and including 30,000 lb at 24 strained manner with the stationary mast being vertical
in. (13 600 kg at 600 mm) load center. If these tests with the level platform, attach a plumb line at the
are used to determine capacity, use appropriate loads theoretical intersection of the front and top surfaces of
and load centers instead of those herein specified. If the forks to establish a reference point. This point will
other tests or tests for rough terrain forklift trucks over be used to indicate the maintaining of the original load
30,000 lb (13 600 kg) rated capacity are required, the overhang when the load is elevated to a specified
details shall be agreed upon between interested parties. elevation. (A transit may be used instead of a plumb
line to establish verticality.) Variations shall be corrected
8.6.8.2 Follow the general criteria contained in by use of the mast tilting feature within limits imposed
para. 8.6. by design on the rough terrain forklift truck.
8.6.8.3 A weight simulating an operator shall be (b) For variable reach rough terrain forklift
used only when it will worsen the stability condition trucks, raise the load to the least stable combination
being tested. This shall be a 200 lb weight (90 kg) of lift and reach as determined by the manufacturer
located with its center of gravity centered 6.2 in. (150 for all load zones (see Figs. 1 and 2).
mm) above the Seat Index Point or H-Point of the ( 3 ) For rough terrain forklift trucks equipped with
truck, as determined according to IS0 5353. manually operated stabilizers and manually operated
8.6.8.4 For trucks where the quantity of fuel axle locks, Test 1 shall be conducted with stabilizers
affects stability, use less than 15% of tank capacity or and axle locks both engaged and disengaged.
more than 90% of tank capacity, whichever will worsen ( 4 ) For rough terrain forklift trucks equipped with
the stability condition being tested. lateral leveling, Test 1 shall be conducted with the
lifting mechanism perpendicular to the platform surface.
8.6.8.5 For rough terrain forklift trucks with curved (5) With the test load elevated as described in
forks or attachments, the test load may be suspended para. 8.6.8.7(b), and for rough terrain forklift trucks
as described in para. 8.6.5(c). with tilting uprights without change in the original
8.6.8.6 When attachments are supplied as original overhang dimensions, the test platform shall be tipped
equipment, the same stability tests shall apply, except to the specified slope. The truck position on the platform
the lift height and plumb line shall be established from shall be maintained by brakes or other similar means,
the underside of the carriage, attachment, or load, but not by means of wheel chocks.
whichever is lowest.
8.6.8.8 Test 2 - Longitudinal Stability -
8.6.8.7 Test 1 - Longitudinal Stability - Traveling. Using the procedure outlined for the test,
Stacking. Using the procedure outlined for the test, a rough terrain forklift truck carrying rated capacity
a rough terrain forklift truck carrying the rated capacity load at full rearward tilt and retracted position of the
load shall not overturn when the platfrom upon which mast andor carriage and with the load elevated 20 in.
the truck is standing is tilted about an axis parallel to (500 mrn) from the floor or at a defined higher carry
the axis of the load wheels and in a direction to position, measured at the point of intersection of the
increase the load overhang. See Fig. 3. load carrying surfaces of the forks, shall not overturn
(a) Procedure for Longitudinal Stability - Stack- when the platform upon which the truck is standing
ing - Tilting Platform Test is tilted about an axis parallel to the axis of the load
(I) Rough terrain forklift truck shall be placed on wheels and in a direction to increase the load overhang.
an initially level platform with the axis of the load See Fig. 4, sketches (a) and (b).
wheels parallel to the tilting axis of the platform. (a) Procedure for Longitudinal Stability - Travel-
Rough terrain forklift trucks with articulated frame ing - Tilting Platform Test
steering shall be placed in fully articulated position. (I) The rough terrain forklift truck shall be placed
See Fig. 3, sketch (e). on an initially level platform with the axis of the load
(2) When placed on the rough terrain forklift truck, wheels parallel to the tilting axis of the platform.

21
ASME 856.6-2002 SAFETY STANDARD FOR ROUGH TERRAIN FORKLIFT TRUCKS

A-A A-A
(a)
A
A

I
B

I I
A ícl [Note (111 (d) [Note (111
A

I
A (e) [Note (111

NOTE:
(11 In figures concerning stability testing, the following identifications apply.
A-A = test platform tilt axis
8-8 = rough terrain forklift truck axis with minimum stability
Tilting platform is tilted "up" about axis by raising opposite edge of platform.
Lateral stability tests shall be conducted with the rough terrain forklift truck positioned on the platform facing in the
direction that produces the least stability.

FIG. 3 LONGITUDINAL STABILITY - STACKING

22
SAFETY STANDARD FOR ROUGH TERRAIN FORKLIFT TRUCKS ASME 856.6-2002

A-A A-A
(a) (b)
-

FIG. 4 LONGITUDINAL STABILITY - TRAVELING

Trucks with articulated frame steering shall be in the connecting between centers of the rear tires is parallel
nonarticulated position. to the axis of tilting of the platform. See Fig. 5 ,
(2) When placed on the forks, the center of the sketch (0.
test load shall be located on the longitudinal centerline (2) For rough terrain forklift trucks with articulated
of the rough terrain forklift truck. The mast and/or frame steering, position in the fully articulated position
carriage shall be at full rearward tilt and retracted with the least stable axis of tilt parallel to the tilting
position and the load then elevated until the point of axis of the platform. This may be the reverse steering
intersection of the two load carrying surfaces of the position from that shown. See Fig. 5 , sketch (c).
forks is 20 in. (500 mm) from the floor or at a defined ( 3 ) For rough terrain forklift trucks of other con-
higher carry position. figurations (skid steering, etc.), the least stable axis of
(3) With the test load elevated as described, the tilt is to be determined and placed parallel to the tilting
test platform shall be tipped to the specified slope. The axis of the platform.
rough terrain forklift truck position on the platform ( b ) For rough terrain forklift trucks equipped with
shall be maintained by brakes or other similar means masts only, test is to be conducted at maximum fork
that do not affect stability. height.
(4) For rough terrain forklift trucks equipped with
(c) For variable reach rough terrain forklift trucks,
manually operated stabilizers and manually operated
test is to be conducted at the least stable combination
axle locks, Test 2 shall be conducted with stabilizers
of lift and reach as determined by the manufacturer
and axle locks disengaged.
for all load zones (see Figs. 1 and 2).
(5) For rough terrain forklift trucks equipped with
lateral leveling, Test 2 should be conducted with the (d) For rough terrain forklift trucks equipped with
lifting mechanism perpendicular to the platform surface. tilt control, forks are to be tilted rearward a maximum
of 10 deg or the load center of gravity is to be moved
a horizontal distance of 24 in. (600 mm) rearward by
8.6.8.9 Test 3 - Lateral Stability - Stack- means of the tilting mechanism, whichever results in
ing. Using the procedure outlined for the test, a rough the lesser rearward load movement.
terrain forklift truck carrying rated capacity load shall
not overturn when the platform upon which it is standing ( e ) For rough terrain forklift trucks equipped with
is tilted [for trucks with lateral leveling capability, refer manually operated stabilizers or manually operated axle
to para. 8.6.8.9(f)]. See Fig. 5. locks, Test 3 shall be conducted with stabilizers and
(a) Procedure for Lateral Stability - Stacking -
axle locks engaged and disengaged.
Tilting Plagorm Test. Position the rough terrain forklift (f) Lateral leveling capability up to a maximum of
truck on an initially level platform as follows. 7% (4 deg) may be used in conducting the test as
( I ) For rough terrain forklift trucks with rear follows:
wheel or four wheel steering, position such that a line
connecting the center of either load tire (or outermost ( I ) place loaded rough terrain forklift truck on
tire where multiple tires are used) and the projection the platform;
perpendicular to the platform at the point of intersection (2) tilt platform to the degree of frame leveling
of the longitudinal centerline of the truck and a line desired;

23
ASME 856.6-2002 SAFETY STANDARD FOR ROUGH TERRAIN FORKLIFT TRUCKS

I B
I
A-A A
(b) (cl [Note (111

A A A

d
l
I

I B

A
t A
I I
A
(d) [Note (111 (e) [Note (111 (f) [Note (1) and (2)]

NOTES:
(1) In figures concerning stability testing, the following identifications apply.
A-A = test platform tilt axis
B-B = rough terrain forklift truck axis with minimum stability
Tilting platform is tilted "up" about axis by raising opposite edge of platform.
Lateral stability tests shall be conducted with the rough terrain forklift truck positioned on the platform facing i n the
direction that produces the least stability.
(2) For rough terrain forklift trucks equipped with four wheel steering, steered wheels shall be in least stable position.

FIG. 5 LATERAL STABILITY - STACKING - LOADED

(3) level rough terrain forklift truck frame; ing 10,000 Ib (4500 kg) rated capacity, equipped with
(4) raise load; a side shifter or a shifting mast:
(5) tilt platform to the required slope. ( I ) capable of shifting off center 4 in. (10 mm)
(g) Platform shall be tipped to the specified slope. or less in either direction, test on center;
The rough terrain forklift truck position on the platform (2) capable of shifting off center more than 4 in.
shall be maintained by brakes or other similar means (100 mm), test at extreme shift downgrade.
that do not affect stability. (i) For rough terrain forklift trucks over 10,000 lb
(h) For rough terrain forklift trucks up to and includ- (4500 kg) up to and including 30,000 lb (13 600

24
SAFETY STANDARD FOR ROUGH TERRAIN FORKLIFT TRUCKS ASME 856.6-2002

A-A A-A
ia) (b)

FIG. 6 LATERAL STABILITY - TRAVELING

kg) rated capacity, equipped with a side shifter or (4) For rough terrain forklift trucks equipped with
shifting mast: manually operated stabilizers and/or manually operated
( I ) capable of shifting off center 6 in. (150 mm) axle locks, Test 4 will be conducted with stabilizers
or less in either direction, test on center; and axle locks disengaged.
(2) capable of shifting off center more than 6 in. (5) For rough terrain forklift trucks equipped with
(150 mm) in either direction, test at extreme shift lateral leveling, Test 4 should be conducted with the
downgrade. lifting mechanism initially perpendicular to the platform
surface.
8.6.8.10 Test 4 - Lateral Stability - Travel- (6) For rough terrain forklift trucks up to and
ing. Using the procedure outlined for the test, an empty including 10,000 lb (4500 kg) rated capacity, equipped
rough terrain forklift truck at full rearward tilt of the with a side shifter or a shifting mast:
mast and/or carriage and with the forks elevated 20 (a) capable of shifting off center 4 in. (100
in. (500 mm) from the floor, measured at the point of mm) or less in either direction, test on center;
intersection of the load carrying surfaces of the forks (b) capable of shifting off center more than 4
(or with the load carrying means supported on a defined in. (100 mm), test at extreme shift downgrade.
higher carry position support), shall not overturn when (7) For rough terrain forklift trucks over 10,000
the platform upon which the truck is standing is tilted. lb (4500 kg) up to and including 30,000 lb (13 600
See Fig. 6, sketches (a) and (b). kg) rated capacity, equipped with a side shifter or
( a ) Procedure for Lateral Stability - Traveling - shifting mast:
Tilting Platform Test ( a ) capable of shifting off center 6 in. (150
(I) Place empty rough terrain forklift truck on an mm) or less in either direction, test on center;
initially level platform in a position as described in (b) capable of shifting off center more than 6
para. 8.6.8.9(a). in. (150 mm) in either direction, test at extreme shift
(2) The mast and/or carriage shall be at full rear- downgrade.
ward tilt and the forks then elevated until the point 8.6.8.11 Test 5 - Lateral Stability - Stack-
of intersection of the two load carrying surfaces of the ing - Unloaded. Procedure for this test is identical
forks is 20 in. (500 min) from the floor (or with to that for Test 4 except that the position of the lifting
the load supported on a defined higher carry position mechanism is to be in the least stable combination of
support). lift and reach.
(3) With the forks elevated as described, the test
8.7 Service Brake System Performance for
platform shall be tipped to the specified slope. The
Rough Terrain Forklift Trucks Up to and
rough terrain forklift truck position on the platform
Including 70,000 Ib (31 750 kg) Loaded
shall be maintained by brakes or other similar means
Truck Weight
that do not affect stability. Wheel chocks may be used
to prevent movement but their height is not to exceed 8.7.1 A service brake or hydrostatic drive system
5% of the tire diameter. that meets the performance requirements of this para-

25
ASME 856.6-2002 SAFETY STANDARD FOR ROUGH TERRAIN FORKLIFT TRUCKS

graph shall be provided. D = 3V(mph)

D = l.86V1 (kdh)
8.7.2 The service brake system performance shall
be measured by one of two methods: the Drawbar but not required to exceed 25% of loaded rough terrain
Drag Method (see para. 8.7.5.1) or the Stopping Distance forklift truck weight where
Method (see para. 8.7.5.2). V = maximum travel speed, loaded, mph
8.7.3 Brake Control Force Limits V1 = maximum travel speed, loaded, k m h
D = drawbar drag as a percent of loaded rough
8.7.3.1 The required brake performance shall be terrain forklift truck weight (e.g., 25 for 25%)
attained with not more than 157 lb (700 N) on a pedal
or 68 lb (300 N) on a hand lever. 8.7.5.2 Stopping Distance Method. Deter-
mine that the brakes will stop the loaded rough terrain
8.7.4 Test Conditions forklift truck within the required distance, measured
from the point of brake application, calculated from
8.7.4.1 Road surface shall be level clean asphalt,
brushed concrete, or equivalent, and of adequate length the following formulas:
to permit safe performance of the test. When using
the stopping distance test procedure, the road shall also 0.334V2 3.94v:
s=- or s1 = -
D
be of sufficient length to permit stabilized travel speed D
of the rough terrain forklift truck before application of
the brakes. where
s = approximate theoretical stopping distance, ft
8.7.4.2 The rough terrain forklift truck shall be
loaded to the maximum permitted by the manufacturer.
v = maximum travel speed, loaded, mph
D = drawbar drag as a percent of loaded rough
The power boost system, if supplied, shall be operating.
terrain forklift truck weight (25% maximum)
8.7.4.3 The burnishing of brakes prior to test is s1 = approximate theoretical stopping distance, m
optional. The following is a suggested procedure: v, = maximum travel speed, loaded, km/h
( a ) load - 50% of rough terrain forklift truck rated
capacity; 8.7.6 Strength For rough terrain forklift trucks
(b) initial road speed: maximum or 15 mph (24 k r d having a downward movement of brake pedal to apply
h), whichever is less; the service brake(s), the system shall be capable of
(c) final road speed: zero (stop); withstanding a brake pedal force of 300 lb (1335 N)
(d) deceleration rate: maximum without sliding tires without failure of any component.
or lifting steer tires; 8.7.7 System Recovery, Stored Energy Brake
( e ) alternate: forward stop then reverse stop; Systems. With the rough terrain forklift truck station-
’( rest: 30 min after each 50 stops. This is to be ary, the service braking system shall have the capability
used as a guide; if smoke is evident, the rest time of delivering at least:
may be increased and the number of stops between ( a ) Pneumatic Systems. 70% of maximum system
rests decreased.
pressure measured at the brakes when the brakes are
8.7.5 Test Methods fully applied 20 times at a rate of six applications per
minute with the engine at optimum rpm for recovery.
8.7.5.1 Drawbar Drag Method (b) Hydraulic Systems. 90% of maximum system
( a ) Measure drawbar drag in both forward and re- pressure measured at the brakes when the brakes are
verse direction while towing at no more than 1 mph fully applied 20 times at a rate of six applications per
(1.6 kmh) in both directions. minute with the engine at its lowest rpm for recovery.
(b) The drawbar shall be horizontal and attached at
the standard coupler height but not more than 36 in. 8.7.8 Warning Devices, Stored Energy Brake
(900 mm) above the road surface; Systems. A service braking system using stored energy
(c) Travel controls, including the transmission, shall shall be equipped with a warning device which actuates
be in neutral and all brake systems disengaged. before:
(d) The service brake system shall enable the rough ( a ) Pneumatic Systems. System pressure drops below
terrain forklift truck to develop a drawbar drag at least 50% of the manufacturer’s specified maximum system
equal to a percent of the loaded truck weight as follows: pressure.

26
SAFETY STANDARD FOR ROUGH TERRAIN FORKLIFT TRUCKS ASME 856.6-2002

(b) Hydraulic Systems. Stored energy level drops after the warning device is activated. A parking brake
below a pressure at which the system provides a system meeting these requirements is acceptable.
minimum of six full pressure stops when applied at a
rate of six applications per minute with the engine off. 8.10 Load Handling Controls
The device-shall be readily visible and/or audible to
the operator, and provide a continuous warning. Gages 8.10.1 Load Handling Controls
indicating pressure or vacuum shall not be acceptable ( a ) Should preferably be located for right-hand oper-
in meeting these requirements. ation;
(b) shall be self-centering;
( c ) shall be clearly and durably identified on the
8.8 Parking Brake System Performance for
control or in close proximity to indicate function(s)
Rough Terrain Forklift Trucks Up to and
and direction of motion of load or equipment.
Including 70,000 Ib (31 750 kg) Loaded
Truck Weight 8.10.2 A single lever may be used to perform more
than one function.
8.8.1 The parking brake system shall be capable of
holding the rough terrain forklift truck stationary on a 8.10.3 The upper surface of a rotary control device
15% dry swept-concrete grade under all conditions of should move in the same sense of direction as a lever.
loading in both forward and reverse directions. Brakes
may be burnished prior to test. 8.10.4 Special controls (such as for preselective or
automatic devices) should preferably be identified and
8.8.2 The parking brake system may be part of or preferably be in accordance with the above recommenda-
include the service brake system. tions.

8.8.3 The parking brake system when applied shall 8.10.5 For load handling symbols, see ASME
maintain the required grade holding capability despite B56.11.3
any contraction of the brake parts, exhaustion of the 8.10.6 Lever- or handle-type controls (including
source of energy, or leakage of any kind. toggle switches) should preferably be arranged in se-
-_
quence of location and direction of motion according
8.8.4 The required parking brake performance shall
to Table 2.
be attained with not more than 157 lb (700 N) on a
pedal or 69 lb (300 N) on a hand level. 8.10.7 Where the operation of lifting, lowering,
tilting, and/or auxiliary device is controlled by a pair
8.9 Emergency Stopping System of push buttons, they shall operate in the same sense
as described in para. 8.10.6. For example, actuation of
8.9.1 The emergency stopping system shall provide the button that is located to the rear (relative to the
that any single failure (other than a common friction operator’s position) should serve the same function as
means such as brake shoes and drums) in the service motion of a control lever to the rear.
brake system shall not leave the machine without
braking capability to comply with the following require- 8.11 Travel Controls
ments.
(a) The emergency stopping system shall be capable
of developing 35% of the service brake performance 8.11.1 Travel controls shall be clearly and durably
requirement with no more than 157 lb (700 N) pedal identified on the control or in close proximity to indicate
effort or 68 lb (300 N) hand lever effort. The emergency function(s) and direction of motion of load Or equipment.
stopping system shall be capable of application by a 8.11.2 Travel controls shall be so arranged that
person in the operating Position and be arranged SO power will be applied to the wheels only when the
that it cannot be released from the operating position transmission or direction control has been actuated. A
after any application UnleSS hmediate reapplication positive neutral position or control should be provided.
can be made. The emergency stopping system may be
applied automatically by malfunction of the service 8.11.3 Engine speed shall be no greater than low
brake system. If an automatic emergency stopping idle unless the acceleration control has been intentionally
system is used, the automatic application shall occur actuated.

21
ASME 856.6-2002 SAFETY STANDARD FOR ROUGH TERRAIN FORKLIFT TRUCKS

TABLE 2
LOAD HANDLING CONTROLS
Direction of Motion

Of Load or Equipment Predominant Motion of the Operator’s Hand

Reach Retract Rearward or t o Left
Extend Forward or to Right

Lift UP Rearward
Down Forward

Tilt (MastfFork) Rearward Rearward or to Left

Forward Forward or to Right

Frame Level Clockwise Right

Counterclockwise Left

Sta b i k e r Raise Rearward or U p

Lower Forward or Down

Side Shift Right Rearward or to Right

Left Forward or t o Left

Push-Pull Rearward Rearward

Forward Forward

Rotate Laterally Clockwise Rearward, Up, or to Right

Counterclockwise Forward, Down, or t o Left

Rotate Longitudinally Rearward Rearward or U p

Forward Forward or Down

Load Stabilizer Down Rearward or U p

UP Forward or Down

Swing Right Rearward, Up, or to Right

Left Forward, Down, or t o Left

Slope Clockwise Rearward, Up, or to Right

Counterclockwise Forward, Down, or to Left

Fork Position Together Rearward or U p

Apart Forward or Down

Trip Engage Rearward or U p

Release Forward or Down

Grip Engage Rearward or U p

Release Forward or Down

Clamp Clamp Rearward or U p

Release Forward or Down

28
SAFETY STANDARD FOR ROUGH TERRAIN FORKLIFT TRUCKS ASME 856.6-2002

8.11.4 A manually operated engine shutoff device 8.11.16 When a hand operated variable-speed control
(may be key-type) shall be provided. is provided, it shall be moved generally forward or
upward to increase speed.
8.11.5 Service brakes, if foot operated, shall be
applied by forward and/or downward motion of a pedal 8.11.17 When a hand operated combination direction
located to allow right-foot operation. and variable-speed ratio control lever is provided, it
8.11.6 When separate brake pedals are provided for shall be moved forward or away from the operator
the independent right and left brake control, it shall from the neutral position for forward travel and increas-
be possible to obtain combined and/or equalized control. ing forward speed. It shall be moved generally rearward
or toward the operator from the neutral position for
8.11.7 The parking brake or parking brake device rearward travel and increasing rearward speed. Provision
control shall be located convenient to the operator. shall be made for secondary motion when passing
through neutral. A positive neutral position shall be
8.11.8 When a hand operated clutch control is provided.
provided, it shall be moved toward the operator (gener-
ally rearward) for disengagement. 8.1 1.18 When foot operated directional and variable-
speed control(s) is provided, forward and/or downward
8.11.9 Clutch pedal, if used, shall disengage the
motion on the outer or rear element of the control(s)
clutch by forward and/or downward motion, and shall
should produce reverse direction, and forward and/or
be located for left-foot operation.
downward motion on the inner or forward element of
8.11.1O When a combination clutch and service the control(s) should produce forward direction. Forward
brake pedal is used, the initial forward and/or downward and/or downward motion of either element shall increase
movement shall disengage the clutch and the final speed. All direction and variable-speed control(s) shall
forward and/or downward movement shall apply the be clearly and permanently identified to indicate their
service brakes. function. A positive neutral position or control shall
be provided.
8.11.11 Accelerator, if foot operated, shall increase
speed by downward motion of a pedal located for
right-foot operation. 8.12 Steering Controls

8.11.12 When the direction of an engine speed hand 8.12.1 Rough terrain forklift trucks employing a
control is in a plane parallel to the longitudinal axis steering wheel with the operator facing the load shall
of the rough terrain forklift truck, the direction of steer as follows. Clockwise rotation of the handwheel
motion shall be generally forward or upward to increase shall steer the truck to the operator’s right.
engine speed.
8.12.2 Skid steer trucks employing dual lever steering
8.11.13 When a combination pedal controls both controls shall steer as follows. Rearward or upward
acceleration and service brakes, forward and/or down- motion of the right-hand control and/or forward or
ward motion of the brake portion shall apply the service downward motion of the left-hand control shall turn
brakes. The combination pedal shall be located for the truck clockwise.
right-foot operation.

8.11.14 The engine starting mechanism shall not be 8.12.3 All steering controls shall be confined within
operable if the operation will produce rotation of the the plan view outline of the rough terrain forklift truck.
drive wheels.
8.12.4 Where steering can be accomplished with
8.11.15 When a hand operated forward-reverse direc- either hand and the steering mechanism is of a type
tional control lever (nonvariable speed) is provided, it (power steering or equivalent) that prevents road reac-
shall be moved forward for forward vehicle motion, tions from causing the handwheel to spin, steering
and be moved rearward for rearward vehicle motion. knobs may be used. When used, steering knobs shall
If a neutral position is provided, provisions shall be be of a type that can be engaged by the operator’s
made to locate and maintain the control in its neutral hand from the top and shall be within the periphery
position. of the steering handwheel.

29
ASME 856.6-2002 SAFETY STANDARD FOR ROUGH TERRAIN FORKLIFT TRUCKS

I’
TABLE 3
OVERHEAD GUARD IMPACT
TEST LOAD
Impact Test
0 Load x Minimum
Rough Terrain Forklift Truck Drop Weight of
Rated Capacity at a Distance, Test Load,
24 in. Load Center ft-lb’ Ib

3,000 Ib and under 4,000 750

3,001 Ib to 5,OQO Ib 8,000 1,500
5,001 Ib to 8,000 Ib 16,000 3,000
8,001 Ib to 14,000 Ib 24,000 3,000
14,001 Ib to 25,000 Ib 32,000 3,000
25,001 Ib and over 36.000 3,000
at a 600 m m Load Center (JI kg

FIG. 7 TYPICAL FORK 1360 kg and under 5,400 340

1 361 kg to 2 270 kg 10 800 680
2 271 kg t o 3 630 kg 21 760 1 360
8.13 Tilt Mechanism 3 631 kg to 6 350 kg 32 640 1 360
6351 kg to 11 300 kg 43 520 1 360
To maintain stability with lifting mechanism elevated, 11 301 kg and over 48 960 1 360
tilting should be contollable, smooth, and at reasonable
NOTE:
speed. (1) For metric equivalent dimensions:
Joules (J)
Drop distance in m =
8.14 Forks Weight of test load in kg x 9.8
Details of conducting the test and measuring t h e
8.14.1 Forks shall be designed to avoid unintentional deformation are covered i n para. 8.16.3ic).
unhooking and/or excessive lateral movement.
8.15 Rollover Protective Structures
8.14.2 Each fork shall be clearly stamped with its
individual load rating in an area readily visible and Rough terrain forklift trucks fitted with a side mounted
not subject to wear; for example, 1500 x 24, meaning operator’s compartment shall be equipped with rollover
1500 lb load rating at 24 in. load center, or 2000 X protective structures that comply with the requirements
600, meaning 2000 kg load rating at 600 mm load of ANSUSAE J1040 as applicable to wheel loaders.
center.
8.16 Overhead Guards
8.14.3 Fork strength shall permit the following load-
ing and method of test. 8.16.1 Rough terrain fork!ift trucks shall be fitted
(a) The test load F shall correspond to three times with an overhead guard.
the load rating of the fork arm and shall be applied
to it at the applicable distance D from the front face 8.16.2 Design Requirements
of the fork arm shank. See Fig. 7. (a) The overhead guard and its mounting shall be
(b) The fork’arm shall be restrained in a manner capable of withstanding the impact of a 100 lb (45
identical to that used on the rough terrain forklift truck. kg) hardwood covered cube (or equivalent) under the
( c ) The test load shall be applied twice, gradually conditions specified in para. 8.16.3(b).
and without shock, and maintained for 30 sec each time. (b) The overhead guard and its mounting shall be
(d) The fork arm shall be checked before and after capable of withstanding an impact test as specified in
the second application of the test load. It shall not Table 3. Details of conducting the test and measuring
show any permanent deformation. the deformation are covered in para. 8.16.3(c).
(c) Openings in the top of the overhead guard shall
8.14.4 These tests are intended to be applied to not exceed 6 in. (150 mm) in one of the two dimensions,
prototype forks but may also be applied to production width or length.
forks on a selective basis, as required by the user or (d) The overhead guard shall be large enough to
manufacturer. extend over the operator in his normal operating position

30
SAFETY STANDARD FOR ROUGH TERRAIN FORKLIFT TRUCKS ‘ASME B56.6-2002

during rough terrain forklift truck operation. It shall

not extend beyond the plan view outline of the truck.
(e) For sit-down rider rough terrain forklift trucks,
a vertical clearance of at least 39 in. (990 mm) should
be maintained from the point of maximum depression 0.75in.
of the seat under the operator to the underside of the
max.
section of the guard under which the operator’s head
is located in his normal position during truck operation.
(fl When requested by the user, the manufacturer
may reduce the normal overhead guard height and the
FIG. 8 OVERHEAD GUARD CUBE DROP
vertical clearance for the operator’s head under the
DEFORMATION LIMIT
guard to permit rough terrain forklift truck operation
by the user with a guard in areas where overhead
obstructions limit the overall lowered height of the truck.
A test load of different dimensions and/or materials
8.16.3 Test Procedures may be used, provided it results in a test not less
(a) General severe than that described.
(1) Tests shall be conducted with the overhead (2) The test load shall be dropped in free-fall
guard in place on a rough terrain forklift truck for from an approximate horizontal position and from a
which it is designed, or a simulated mounting may height to develop the required impact in ft-lb (J),
be used. specified in Table 3.
(2) If the 100 lb (45 kg) hardwood covered cube (3) The test load shall be centered above the
(or equivalent) drop test is conducted first, the same overhead guard with the 12 ft (3600 mm) length at
overhead guard and mounting can be used to conduct right angles to the longitudinal centerline of the rough
the impact drop test. terrain forklift truck, the 40 in. (1000 mm) dimension
( b ) Cube Drop Test - 100 lb (45 kg) flat, and shall strike the guard in this position (see
( I ) The 100 lb (45 kg) test cube shall be covered Fig. 9).
with hardwood (or equivalent) and measure approxi- ( 4 ) The permanent deformation of the overhead
mately 1 ft (300 mm) on a side. guard and its mounting after impact shall be measured
(2) The test cube shall be dropped in free-fall between a horizontal plane tangent to the underside of
vertically at random on the overhead guard, and the the guard at the operator’s position and a horizontal
center of the cube shall strike within a 24 in. (600 plane tangent to the upper surface of the steering wheel.
mm) diameter circle centered above the operator’s seat. There shall be not less than 10 in. (250 mm) between
(3) The test cube shall be positioned to drop in the planes (see Fig. 10).
free-fall with a flat surface approximately parallel to
the top of the overhead guard, and not strike on a 8.17 Load Backrest Extension
corner or edge of the cube.
Load backrest extension, if provided, should have
(4) The test cube shall be dropped as described,
height, width, and size of openings not to exceed 6
a distance of 5 ft (1500 mm) ten times, without fracture
in. (150 mm) in one of the two dimensions, to minimize
(no parts separation; however, evidence of minor cracks
the possibility of the load falling toward the operator.
is permissible) and without permanent deformation ex-
ceeding 0.75 in. (18 mm) based on the original head
clearance provided by the guard (see Fig. 8).
( c ) Impact Drop Test 8.18 Guards for Wheels
(1) The test load shall be composed of 2 x 4 Guards or other means shall be provided to protect
normal construction grade lumber 12 ft (3.6 m) long the operator, in the normal operating position, from
and not to exceed 40 in. (1000 mm) in width. The 2 particles thrown by the tires or wheels.
X 4s should be placed with the 4 in. (100 mm) nomina1
dimension of the cross section horizontal. The lumber
8.19 Guards for Moving Parts
shall be bound together with at least three metal bands,
one approximately in the center, and the others not The operator, in the normal operating position, shall
further than 3 ft (0.9 m) from each end (see Fig. 9). be protected from moving parts that represent a hazard.

31
ASME 856.6-2002 SAFETY STANDARD FOR ROUGH TERRAIN FORKLIFT TRUCKS

8.20 Overtravel Limits

Provision shall be made to prevent travei of mechani-
cai systems such as hoists, tilt, etc., beyond that intended
by design.

8.21 Warning Device

8.21.1 Every rough terrain forklift truck shall be

equipped with an operator controlled horn, whistle,
gong, or other sound-producing device(s).

8,21.2 In addition, other devices (visible or audible)

suitable for the intended area of use may be installed
when requested by the user.

8.22 Pedal and Platform Surfaces

Control pedais and control platforms stood on or
engaged by the operator’s feet shall have slip resistant
surfaces.

8.23 Emergency Lowering of Load

8.23.1 Vertical masts shall be provided with a means

to prevent the load from lowering at a rate in excess
of 120 ftímin (0.6 d s ) in case of a failure in the load
supporting hydraulic control circuits.

8.23.2 Variable reach rough terrain forklift trucks

shall be provided with means to prevent the load
mechanism from moving in case of a failure in the
load support hydraulic lines.

8.24 Platforms for Elevating Personnel

8.24.1 Design requirements for the manufacture of

FIG. 9 OVERHEAD GUARD IMPACT TEST the platform shall include the following:
METHOD ( u ) a platform floor having a slip resistant surface
located not more than 8 in. (200 mm) above the normal
10 in. load supporting surface of the fork;
(250 mm) (b) floor dimensions which shall not exceed two
\\ min. times the load center distance listed on the rough
terrain forklift truck nameplate, measured parallel to
the longitudinal center plane of the truck, nor have a
- width greater than the overall width of the truck [mea-
sured across the load bearing tires plus 10 in. (250
mm) on either side]. Minimum space for each person
on the platform shall not be less than 18 in. (450 mm)
in either direction.
(c) a 4 in. (100 mm) minimum height toe plate
which may be omitted at the access opening;
FIG. 10 OVERHEAD GUARD IMPACT (d) an overhead protection device, when requested
DEFORMATION LIMIT by the user;

32
SAFETY STANDARD FOR ROUGH TERRAIN FORKLIFT TRUCKS ASME 856.6-2002

( e ) protection for personnel in their normal working shall be capable of withstanding three consecutive drop
position on the platform from moving parts of the tests to simulate a 250 lb (113 kg) person falling 6
rough terrain forklift truck that represent a hazard; ft (1800 mm) without allowing the test weight to fall
’( information prominently indicated on the free to the ground. A deceleration device may be
platform: included.
(I) maximum work load including personnel and (m) lanyards, when provided, shall be arranged so
equipment; as not to cause a tripping hazard;
(2) weight of empty platform. (n) body belts, when provided, should have a width
(g) means so that the platform can only be centered of at least 1.75 in. (44 mm);
laterally on the rough terrain forklift truck and retained (o) structural safety factor - all load supporting
against the vertical face of the forks, carriage, or lifting structural elements of the work platform shall have a
mechanism; structural safety factor of not less than 2 to 1 based
(h) a means to securely attach the platform to the on the minimum yield strength of the materials used.
lifting mechanism, and to prevent the platform from
inadvertent pivoting; 8.25 Seat Belts
(i) controls, when supplied for use on the elevating Seat belts shall be provided that meet or exceed the
platform, shall be readily accessible to the operator requirements of ANSUSAE J386.
and protected from damage and inadvertent actuation.
They shall include provision to stop and start the engine
8.26 Passenger Compartment (02)
of the rough terrain forklift truck and to lower the
platform in case of engine failure; 8.26.1 If a passenger compartment is provided, the
( j ) means shall be provided to render inoperative compartment shall provide equivalent protection as pro-
all operating controls, other than those on the elevating vided for the operator and shall comply with paras.
platform, when the controls on the elevating platform 8.16, 8.17, 8.18, 8.19, 8.20, 8.23, and 8.26 of this
have been selected for use. Only one location of controls Standard.
shall be capable of being operated at one time, with (a) If the passenger compartment is separate from
the exception of the emergency control(s) covered in the operator’s compartment, there shall be no controls
para. 8.24.l(k); for the operation of any of the rough terrain forklift
(k) when controls are provided on the platform, a truck’s functions in the passenger’s compartment.
clearly identified emergency lowering means available (b) If the passenger compartment is not separate
at ground level shall be provided. Such means shall from the operator’s compartment, sufficient space shall
be protected against misuse. be provided for the passenger to allow the operator to
(1) restraining means such as a guardrail or a means operate the rough terrain forklift truck’s controls without
for securing personnel such as a body belt or lanyard. interference with the passenger.
A guardrail or similar structure shall have a nominal
height to the platform floor of 42 in. (1066 mm) around 8.26.2 A permanent label shall be placed in clear
its upper periphery and include a midrail. It may be view of the seated passenger using text and/or pictorials
hinged, removable, or of chains, and used if proper to provide the following information.
positioning is easily discernible. Such restraining means The passenger shall:
shall be capable of withstanding a concentrated hori- (a) remain seated at all times except when entering
zontal force of 200 lb (890 N) applied at the point of and exiting;
least resistance without permanent deformation. A body (b) fasten the seat belt;
belt and lanyard is to have an attachment point provided (c) keep all parts of the body, including hands and
overhead for freedom of movement, and its length is feet, inside the passenger compartment;
to limit free-fall to 5 ft (1500 mm) measured from the ( d ) keep clear of, and make no contact with, the
point of attachment to the operator. The complete system operating controls of the rough terrain forklift truck.

33
 ASME 856.6-2002

MANDATORY APPENDIX I
REFERENCES

The following are safety standards and codes (unless Publisher: The American Society of Mechanical Engi-
otherwise noted) referenced within this Standard. It is neers (ASME International), Three Park Avenue,
the intent of this Standard to refer to the standards New York, NY 10016-5990
and codes listed below in their latest edition when they ANSI 253.1-1979, Color Code for Marking Physical
are referenced within the Standard. Hazards
ANSI 293 .O- 1989, Industrial Engineering Terminology
ANSVNFPA 30- 1996, Flammable and Combustible Liq-
(not a safety standard)
uids Code
ANSI 2535.2-1991, Environmental and Facility
ANSVNFPA 58-1995, Storage and Handling of Lique-
Safety Signs
fied Petroleum Gases
ANSVIES RP7- 1990, Practice for Industrial Lighting
ANSVNFPA 505-1996, Fire Safety Standard for Pow-
(not a safety standard)
ered Industrial Trucks Including Type Designations, ANSUSAE J386-JUN 85, Operator Restraint Systems
Areas of Use, Maintenance, and Operation for Off-Road Work Machines
Publisher: National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), I S 0 5353- 1978, Earth-Moving Machinery - Seat Index
1 Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02269 Point (International Standard)
Publisher: American National Standards Institute, Inc.
ANSYUL 558-1991 Standard for Safety for Internal (ANSI), 11 West 42nd Street, New York, NY 10016
Combustion-Engine-Powered Industrial Trucks
ANSJAJL 583-1991 Standard for Safety for Electric- The following are related documents:
Battery-Powered Industrial Trucks ASME B20.1-1996, Safety Standard for Conveyors and
Publisher: Underwriters Laboratories (UL), 333 Pfings- Related Equipment
ten Road, Northbrook, IL 60062 ASME B30.9-1996, Slings
ASME B56.11.4-1992, Hook-Type Forks and Fork Car-
ASME B56.11.3-1992 Load Handling Symbols for Pow- riers for Powered Industrial Forklift Trucks (not a
ered Industrial Trucks (not a safety standard) safety standard)
ASME B56.11.7-1998 Liquid Propane Gas (LPG) Fuel Publisher: The American Society of Mechanical Engi-
Cylinders (Horizontal or Vertical) Mounting - Liq- neers (ASME International), Three Park Avenue,
uid Withdrawal - For Powered Industrial Trucks New York, NY 10016-5990.

35
ASME B56.6-2002

NONMANDATORY APPENDIX A
GLOSSARY OF COMMONLY USED WORDS AND PHRASES

bridge plate: a portable device for spanning the gap

approved: the classification or listing as to fire, explo- between two rail cars.
sion, andor electric shock hazard by a nationally recog-
nized testing laboratory, i.e., a laboratory qualified and capacity: the capacity of a truck equipped with load
equipped to conduct examinations and tests such as carriage and forks, or with attachments, is the weight
those prescribed by Underwriters Laboratories, Inc. at a specified load center that a given truck can transport
in a carry position and stack to the specified elevation
uttachment: a device other than conventional forks of the load-engaging means.
or load backrest extension, mounted permanently or
removably on the elevating mechanism of a truck for
NOTE: Capacity is used to designate the weight handling ability of
handling the load. Popular types are fork extensions, a particular rough terrain forklift truck as equipped.
clamps, rotating devices, side shifters, load stabilizers,
rams, and booms. carriage: a support structure for forks or attachments.

attachment, removable: an attachment that can be center of gravity (of load): that point at which the
mounted on the forks, or in place of the forks or the load mass is concentrated. It is located horizontally by
carriage, by means of such conventional fasteners as its distance from the vertical fork face and vertically
bolts, pins, etc., and that does not require the disassem- by its distance above the load bearing surface of the
bly of any other portion of the lifting system to install forks, or equivalents for other load-engaging means.
or remove. Except where otherwise indicated, this point is located in
the vertical plane of the truck's longitudinal center line.
axle lock: means to lock out vertical axle oscillation
to improve lateral stability. creep: slowest steady state of movement.
belt, body: see body belt. deceleration device: any mechanism that serves to
reduce the falling speed and provide a complete stop
body belt: a simple or compound strap with means in falling without interference and manipulation of the
for securing it about the waist and for securing a device.
lanyard to it.
dockboard: a portable or fixed device for spanning
boom: the pivoting support member providing the the gap or compensating for difference in level between
guideways that permits horizontal and/or vertical move- loading platforms and carriers.
ment of the load engaging means.
fork height: the vertical distance from the floor to the
boom angle: reference angle of boom to the horizontal horizontal load carrying surface of the forks, measured
(horizontal being equal to O deg). adjacent to the heel of the forks.
boom extension reference points: a method of indicat- forklift truck: see truck, forklift.
ing boom extension used in combination with boom
angle to identify lifting capacity from the capacity chart. forks: horizontal tine-like projections, normally sus-
pended from the carriage, for engaging and support-
brake system, parking: a means to prevent inadvertent ing loads.
movement of a stationary truck.
forward reach: horizontal distance measured from the
brake system, service: the primary means of any type forward most point of the front tires to the load center
used for stopping and holding the truck.
located on the top surface of the forks.

36
NONMANDATORY APPENDIX A ASME 856.6-2002

FIG. A l VARIABLE REACH -

LINKAGE TYPE
FIG. A2 VARIABLE REACH -
BOOM TYPE
(Four Whel Steer, Two Wheel Steer,
(Four Wheel Steer, Two Wheel Steer,
Four Wheel Drive, Two Wheel Drive)
Four Wheel Drive, Two Wheel Drive)
mast: the support member providing the guideways
free lift: the attainable lift from the extreme lowered permitting vertical movement of the carriage. It is
position of the carriage before the stated overall lowered usually constructed in the form of channels or similar
height of the mast is exceeded by any standard part sections providing the supporting pathway for the car-
of the forks, mast, or carriage assemblies. riage rollers.
maximum fork height: the fork height attainable in
lanyard: a rope suitable for supporting one person.
fully raised position when loaded.
One end is fastened to a body belt or harness and the
other end is secured to a substantial object or a lifeline. overhead guard: a framework fitted to a truck over
the head of a riding operator for the purpose of providing
lateral leveling: changing the lateral relationship be-
protection for the operator from falling objects.
tween the rough terrain forklift truck lifting mechanism
and the ground; generally used to adjust the mast or parking braking system: see braking system, parking.
boom to vertical when the truck is standing on a
platform, work: a platform intended to provide safe
side slope.
working conditions and designed to be mounted on a
leveling, lateral: see lateral leveling. high-lift fork truck or other elevating device, providing
an area for person(s) elevated by and working from
lifeline: a rope, suitable for supporting one person, the platform work surface.
to which a lanyard, deceleration device, or body belt
(or harness) is attached.
lift truck: see truck, forklift.
load backrest: that portion of the carriage and forks
serving to restrain the load when the load is tilted
rearward or upward.
load backrest extension: a removable device that in-
creases the load restraining area beyond that provided
by the load backrest.
load center: the horizontal longitudinal distance from
the intersection of the horizontal load carrying surfaces
and vertical load-engaging faces of the forks (or equiva-
lent load-positioning structure) to the center of gravity
of the load. FIG. A3 VERTICAL MAST,
TWO WHEEL STEER, TWO WHEEL DRIVE,
maintenance platform: see work platform. FOUR WHEEL DRIVE

37
ASME 856.6-2002 NONMANDATORY APPENDIX A

FIG. A6 VERTICAL MAST,

FIG. A4 VERTICAL MAST, SKID STEER FOUR WHEEL STEER, TWO WHEEL DRIVE,
FOUR WHEEL DRIVE

powered industrial truck: see truck, powered indus-

safety work su$ace: a surface intended to reduce the
trial.
possibility of foot slippage.
rated capacity: for a truck equipped with load carriage
service brake system: see brake system, service.
and forks or attachments is the weight established by
the manufacturer at a required load center that a given side loader: see truck, side loader,
truck can transport and stack to a height established
side mounted operator compartment: an operator’s
by the manufacturer.
compartment attached so that its longitudinal center
NOTE: Rated capacity is used as a means for comparing the weight line is outside of the rough terrain forklift truck main
handling ability of rough terrain forklift tmcks. frime structure in the plan view.
removable attachment: see attachment, removable. stabilizers, retractable: extendible or pivoting me-
rough terrain forklift truck: see truck, rough terrain chanical supports used to improve stability of a station-
forklift. ary rough terrain forklift truck.

safety platform: see platform, work. tiering: the process of placing one load on or above
another.
truck: see truck, rough terrain forklift.
truck, forklìjt: a self-loading truck, equipped with load
carriage and forks for transporting and tiering loads.
truck, powered industrial: a mobile, power propelled
truck used to carry, push, pull, lift, stack, or tier
material.
truck, rough terrain forklift: a wheeled-type truck
designed primarily as a forklift truck, which may be
equipped with attachments. This truck is intended for
operation on unimporved natural terrain as well as the
disturbed terrain of construction sites. See Section 2
and Figs. A l through A6.
truck, side loader: a self-loading truck, generally high
lift, having load-engaging means mounted in such a
FIG. A5 VERTICAL MAST, ARTICULATED manner that it can be extended laterally under control
FRAME STEER, FOUR WHEEL DRIVE to permit a load to be picked up and deposited in

38
NONMANDATORY APPENDIX A ASME 056.6-2002

the extended position and transported in the retracted user: a person or organization responsible for em-
position. ploying rough terrain forklift trucks.
truck, variable reach rough terrain forklift: a rough variable reach rough terrain forklift truck: see truck,
terrian forklift truck with the additional capability of variable reach rough termin.
extending and retracting the forks (and load) in a
work platform: see platform, work.
longitudinal direction. See Figs. Al and A2.

39
 ASME B56.6 Interpretations
Replies to Technical Inquiries
October 1996 -
October 2000

FOREWORD
This publication includes all of the written replies issued between the indicated dates by the Secretary,
speaking for the ASME B56 Committee on Powered and Nonpowered Industrial Trucks, to inquiries
concerning interpretations of technical aspects of ASME B56.6, Safety Standard for Rough Terrain
Forklift Trucks.
These replies are taken verbatim from the original replies except for a few typographical corrections
and some minor editorial corrections made for the purpose of improved clarity. In some few instances,
a review of the interpretation revealed a need for corrections of a technical nature; in these cases a
corrected interpretation follows immediately after the original reply.
These interpretations were prepared in accordance with the accredited ASME procedures. ASME
procedures provide for reconsideration of these interpretations when or if additional information is
available which the inquirer believes might affect the interpretation. Further, persons aggrieved by this
interpretation may appeal to the cognizant ASME Committee or Subcommittee. ASME does not
“approve,” “certify,” “rate,” or “endorse” any item, construction, proprietary device, or activity.

1
 Interpretation: 6-15
Subject: ASME B56.6-1992; Para. 5.16.1
Date Issued: October 4, 1996

Question: Do the qualifications of para. 5.16.1 of ASME B56.6-1992 require the forklift operator to
provide proof of a physical by a qualified physician such as the physical required by the U.S. Department
of Transportation for a commercial driver?s license?
Reply: No. The requirement in para. 5.16.1 of ASME B56.6 for operators as to visual, auditory, physical,
and mental ability is not intended to require proof by a qualified physician. The responsibility lies with the
user to determine that the forklift operator is qualified to operate a rough terrain forklift. The user may
elect to require a physical to determine this qualification, but is not required to do so.

Interpretation: 6-16
Subject: ASME B56.6b-1998
Date Issued: September 7, 2000

Question (1): Does para. 8.24.1(b), as referred to by para. 5.15.l(a) of ASME B56.6b-1998, allow the
employer to section off a portion of the platform in which the dimension width is greater than the overall
width of the truck plus 10 in. on either side, by utilizing a chain guardrail to prohibit employee access to
these areas?
Reply (1): No. There is no provision in this Standard to allow the employer to limit employee access to
a portion of the work platform. Truck stability would be affected by the weight of additional materials that
could be placed in this area of the platform as well as by the weight of an employee. The maximum platform
width is the distance measured over the load bearing tires plus 20 in.

Question (2): If the rough terrain forklift truck has outriggers that extend past the width of the truck
tires, is the 10 in. measurement still taken from the tires or is the measurement taken from outside of the
outriggers?
Reply (2): Yes. The measurement is taken from the tires. This is required because the personnel platform
could be raised with the outriggers retracted or deployed.

Interpretation: 6-17
Subject: ASME B56.6b-1998
Date Issued: October 20, 2000

Question: Does para. 8.24.1(1) of ASME B56.6b-1998 permit personnel to conduct work without being
secured by a body belt and lanyard when elevated by a rough terrain forklift if a properly designed platform
is secured and equipped with a guardrail system of appropriate measurement and erection?
Reply: Yes. ASME B56.6b-1998 does not require a body belt and lanyard unless a guardrail or similar
structure is not provided on the work platform.