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Theme: Elementary Physics Chapter 1: Measurement

This document summarizes key concepts in elementary physics measurement and scientific investigation. It defines physical quantities, base and derived units, and scalar and vector quantities. Examples are provided. Formulas are given for deriving SI units for various physical quantities. Graphs are analyzed to determine relationships between variables and summarize investigations. Concepts like gradient, area under the graph, interpolation and extrapolation are explained. An exercise evaluates understanding of these graphing concepts.

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167 views5 pages

Theme: Elementary Physics Chapter 1: Measurement

This document summarizes key concepts in elementary physics measurement and scientific investigation. It defines physical quantities, base and derived units, and scalar and vector quantities. Examples are provided. Formulas are given for deriving SI units for various physical quantities. Graphs are analyzed to determine relationships between variables and summarize investigations. Concepts like gradient, area under the graph, interpolation and extrapolation are explained. An exercise evaluates understanding of these graphing concepts.

Uploaded by

Jacqueline Lim ?
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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THEME: ELEMENTARY PHYSICS


CHAPTER 1: MEASUREMENT
Content standard Learning standard
1.1 Physical quantities 1. Describe the physical quantity.
2. Explain with examples base quantities and derived quantities.
3. Describe derived quantities in terms of base quantities and their
corresponding S.I. units
4. Explain with examples scalar quantities and vector quantities.
1.2 Scientific investigation 1. Interpret graph to determine the relationship between two physical
quantities.
2. Analyse graph to summarise an investigation.
3. Carry out a scientific investigation and write a complete report for the
Simple Pendulum Experiment.

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1.1 The physical quantity

Measurement: Method to determine physical quantities

Physical quantities  contains magnitude and unit


 measurable quantity
 metric (meter, liter, kilogram)
Unit
 imperial (feet, inches, miles, yards, gallons, psi)

Base quantities Derived quantities


Physical quantities that cannot be defined in terms of other Physical quantity that is derived by combination of base
physical quantities. quantities. Can be done by multiplication, division, or both.
Example: Example:
length, l (m)
(Other than base = derived)
mass, m (kg)
area, l x l
time, t (s)
volume, l x l x l
temperature, T (K)
density, m / v
current, I (A)
speed, l / t
luminous intensity, Iv (cd)
acceleration, (v - u) / t
quantity, n (mol)
Exercise: SI unit
Using the formula provided, state the SI unit for each physical quantity.
Physical quantity Formula Base formula Unit

Area lxl

Volume lxlxl

l
Velocity
t

v
Acceleration
t

Force mxa

F
Pressure
A

Work done Fxl

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Understanding scalar and vector quantities


Scalar quantity Vector quantity
Physical quantity that has only magnitude Physical quantity that has both magnitude and direction
Example: Distance, speed, time, mass, energy Example: Displacement, velocity, weight, force, acceleration

Exercise
Identify all vector and scalar quantities in the passage below.

Ali uses 5 N to pull a box 5 m to the right in 3 s. He then


places the box on weighing balance. The weight of the box is
10 N while its mass is 1 kg. He uses a heater to heat up the
box with 50 J of energy. Then, he pulls the box again by 2 m.

State:
a. physical quantity
b. unit
c. symbol of unit
d. magnitude
e. symbol of quantity

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1.2 Scientific Investigation


Relationship between variables of a graph
y is directly proportional to x y increases linearly with x y is inversely proportional to x

y is inversely proportional to x y decreases linearly with x y increases with x

y increases with x y decreases with x y decreases with x

Analyzing graph to get a summarize an investigation


Gradient of a graph Area under the graph

The slope, m
𝑦 −𝑦
m= 2 1
𝑥2 −𝑥1

Interpolation Extrapolation

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Exercise:

Using the graph above, determine all the values below.


a. Gradient of the graph. b. Area under the graph.

c. Value of y when x is 20. d. Value of x when y is 15.

e. Value of x when y is 0. f. Value of y when x is -35.

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