EQUIPMENT 499

simultaneous evaporation may occur to the atmos

phere. This type of crystallizer inefficient in

is
regard to quantity produced per unit of floor space
or per unit of time, since the cooling rate inevitably

is
It

of
slow. offers no control of size range crystals
except that favors formation of large crystals and

it
moreover subject to occlusion of mother liquor as

is
crystals tend to grow together under the stagnant

+
Jr conditions which obtain. The provision of agitation
during the cooling process results in improved crystal
structure at moderate increase in operating costs.

a
r In the crystallization of small quantities of material,
where size range of product not of particular

is
consequence, the simple batch crystallizer may repre
sent the most economical process as most eco

is
it
nomical in first cost.
The Swenson-Walker crystallizer (Fig. 472) oper
ates by cooling of the solution. The semicircular
cross section of the bottom of the trough provides
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0
the heat interchange surface between the annular
Mass of Seed Crystals
cooling water jacket and the crystallizing solution
Fio. 471f>. Graphical integration for equation 458 for the
which inside the trough. The flights on the central
is

illustrative example.
shaft rotate slowly and serve the dual purpose of
TABLE 53. INTEGRATION OF EQUATION 458 BY keeping crystallization from blanking off the heat
SUMMING THE AREAS OF THE TWELVE transfer surface and of continually agitating the
RECTANGLES IN FIG. 4716 magma to secure more uniform crystallization con
f AD\3 ditions. The crystallizer isnormally built in 10-ft
d;)

Au>, + Area
k1

(0.1 -0.0 X 1.36 0.136

- 0.149
)

(0.2 -0.1 1.49

X X

Joint betweensections
)

(0.3 -0.2 1.58 — 0.158

)

(0.4 -0.3 X 1.66 = 0.166

-
)

(0.5 -0.4 1.75 0.175

X

Long-pitch
)

(0.6 -0.5 X 1.84 = 0.184

spiral agitator
)

(0.7 -0.6 1.94 = 0.194

X

-
)

(0.8 -0.7 X 2.07 0.207

)

(0.9 -0.8 X 2.28 = 0.228

)

(0.95-0.9 X 2.62 = 0.131

)

(0.98-0.95) X 3.04 = 0.091

(1.0 -0.98) X 4.15 = 0.083
Water-cooled jacket
1.902
Therefore
T1

A£)\3 Cooling water inlet

_)*<,-
J/

1.902
(l-H
and the yield of product 1.90 lb/lb of seeds.
is

Via. 472. Swenson-Walker continuous crystallizer. (Sweiison

Evaporator Co.)
EQUIPMENT
The simplest type of equipment for crystallization lengths, of which up to four sections may be operated
tank in which natural cooling allowed to lower in tandem from single drive. more than four
is

If
is
a

the temperature of the solution, with whatever units are required, customary to provide drives
it
is