Scribd
Upload
98 views2 pages

Motor2 PDF

Voltage unbalance degrades motor performance and lifespan by causing increased heat, vibration, and stresses on the motor. It is recommended to maintain voltage unbalance below 1% to avoid voiding motor warranties. Common causes of unbalance include faulty power factor equipment, unstable utility supply, uneven load distribution, and unidentified faults. Reducing unbalance from 2.5% to 1% for a 100hp motor operating at full load for 8,000 hours per year would save over $400 annually in energy costs.

Uploaded by

sherub wangdi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
98 views2 pages

Motor2 PDF

Voltage unbalance degrades motor performance and lifespan by causing increased heat, vibration, and stresses on the motor. It is recommended to maintain voltage unbalance below 1% to avoid voiding motor warranties. Common causes of unbalance include faulty power factor equipment, unstable utility supply, uneven load distribution, and unidentified faults. Reducing unbalance from 2.5% to 1% for a 100hp motor operating at full load for 8,000 hours per year would save over $400 annually in energy costs.

Uploaded by

sherub wangdi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 2

Steam Motors Compressed Air

Eliminate Voltage Unbalance


Suggested Actions Voltage unbalance degrades the performance and shortens the life of a three-phase motor. Voltage
unbalance at the motor stator terminals causes phase current unbalance far out of proportion to
Regularly monitor voltages at the
the voltage unbalance. Unbalanced currents lead to torque pulsations, increased vibrations and
motor terminals to verify that voltage mechanical stresses, increased losses, and motor overheating, which results in a shorter winding
unbalance is maintained below 1%. insulation life.
Check your electrical system single-
line diagrams to verify that single- Voltage unbalance is defined by the National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) as 100
phase loads are uniformly distributed. times the absolute value of the maximum deviation of the line voltage from the average voltage on
a three-phase system, divided by the average voltage. For example, if the measured line voltages
Install ground fault indicators as
are 462, 463, and 455 volts, the average is 460 volts. The voltage unbalance is:
required and perform annual thermo-
graphic inspections. Another indicator (460 - 455)
x 100 = 1.1%
that voltage unbalance may be a prob- 460
lem is 120 Hz vibration. A finding of
It is recommended that the voltage unbalances at the motor terminals not exceed 1%. Unbalances
120 Hz vibration should prompt an over 1% require derating of the motor per Figure 20-2 of NEMA MG-1-1993, Rev 3, and will void
immediate check of voltage balance. most manufacturers’ warranties. Common causes of voltage unbalance include:

Current Unbalance • Faulty operation of power factor correction equipment.

Voltage unbalance causes extremely • Unbalanced or unstable utility supply.


high current unbalance. The magnitude • Unbalanced transformer bank supplying a three-phase load that is too large for the bank.
of current unbalance may be 6 to 10
times as large as the voltage unbalance. • Unevenly distributed single-phase loads on the same power system.
For the 100-hp motor in this example, • Unidentified single-phase to ground faults.
line currents (at full-load with 2.5%
• An open circuit on the distribution system primary.
voltage unbalance) were unbalanced by
27.7%. The efficiency of a rewound, 1800-RPM, 100-hp motor is given as a function of voltage unbalance
and motor load in the table. The general trend of efficiency reduction with increased voltage
unbalance is observed for all motors at all load conditions.
Temperature Rise
A motor will run hotter when operating Motor Efficiency* Under Conditions of Voltage Unbalance
on a power supply with voltage unbal-
ance. The additional temperature rise is Motor Efficiency, %
estimated with the following equation: Motor Load Voltage Unbalance
Percent additional temperature rise = % 0f Full Nominal 1% 2.5%
2 x (% voltage unbalance )2. For exam-
100 94.4 94.4 93.0
ple, a motor with a 100°C temperature
rise would experience a temperature 75 95.2 95.1 93.9
increase of 8°C when operated under 50 96.1 95.5 94.1
conditions of 2% voltage unbalance. * Results vary depending upon motor design, speed, full-load efficiency, and horsepower rating. Typically, electric
Winding insulation life is reduced by motors have peak efficiency near 75% load, but the above motor tested in the lab showed otherwise.
one-half for each 10°C increase in oper-
ating temperature. Voltage unbalance is probably the leading power quality problem that results in motor overheat-
ing and premature motor failure. If unbalanced voltages are detected, a thorough investigation
should be undertaken to determine the cause. Energy and dollar savings occur when corrective
actions are taken.

Example
For additional information on Assume that the motor tested as shown in the above table was fully loaded and operated for 8000
industrial energy efficiency hours per year, with an unbalanced voltage of 2.5%. With energy priced at $0.05/kWh, the annual
measures, contact the energy and dollar savings, after corrective actions are taken, are:
OIT Clearinghouse at
Annual Energy Savings = 100 hp x 0.746 kW/hp x 8000 hrs/yr x (100/93 - 100/94.4)
(800) 862-2086.
= 9517 kWh
Annual Dollar Savings = 9517 kWh x $0.05/kWh = $476
Overall savings may be much larger because an unbalanced supply voltage may power numerous motors.

OFFICE OF INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGIES


ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND RENEWABLE ENERGY • U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
About DOE’s Office of Industrial Technologies
The Office of Industrial Technologies (OIT), through partnerships with industry, government, and non-governmental organizations,
develops and delivers advanced energy efficiency, renewable energy, and pollution prevention technologies for industrial applications.
OIT is part of the U.S. Department of Energy’s Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy.
OIT encourages industry-wide efforts to boost resource productivity through a strategy called Industries of the Future (IOF). IOF focuses on
the following nine energy and resource intensive industries:
Agriculture Chemicals Glass Mining Steel
Aluminum Forest Products Metal Casting Petroleum
To help industries begin to save energy, reduce costs, and cut pollution right away, OIT offers a comprehensive portfolio of emerging
technology, practices, tools, information, and resources in a variety of application areas, such as motor systems, steam systems, compressed
air systems, and combined heat and power systems. Likewise, OIT’s Industrial Assessment Centers (IAC), located throughout the U.S., offer
energy, waste, and productivity assessments to small and medium-sized manufacturers. Users can take advantage of the abundant resources,
such as software, fact sheets, training materials, etc., available from OIT.

Motor Systems — helps industry increase productivity and reliability through energy-efficient electric motor-driven systems.
Documents - Software –
" Buying an Energy-Efficient Electric Motor " MotorMaster+ 3.0 and training CD
" Optimizing Your Motor-Driven System " ASDMaster
" Frequently Asked Questions on: The Impacts of the " Pumping System Assessment Tool
Energy Policy Act of 1992 on Industrial End Users of Training –
Electric Motor-Driven Systems " MotorMaster+ 3.0 Software
" Energy Management for Motor Driven Systems " Adjustable Speed Drive Application
" Improving Pumping System Performance: A Sourcebook " Pumping System Optimization
for Industry " Pumping System Assessment Tool
Access the Web site at www.motor.doe.gov.

Steam Systems — helps industry enhance productivity, increase profits, and reduce emissions through better steam system management.
Documents – Case Studies –
" Energy Efficiency Handbook " Georgia Pacific Achieves 6-Month Payback
" Plant Services Article - The Steam Challenge " Bethlehem Steel Showcase Demonstration
" Energy Manager Article - Steaming Ahead Software –
" Oak Ridge National Laboratory’s Insulation Guidelines " 3EPlus Software for Determining Optimal Insulation Thickness
" 1998 IETC Steam Session Papers
Access the Web site at www.oit.doe.gov/steam.

Compressed Air Systems — dedicated to improving the efficiency and performance of industrial compressed air systems.
Documents – Training –
" Improving Compressed Air System Performance: " Fundamentals of Compressed Air Systems
A Sourcebook for Industry (For schedule and location, call (800) 862-2086)
Access the Web site at www.knowpressure.org.

Industrial Assessment Centers — enable small and medium-sized manufacturers to have comprehensive industrial assessments
performed at no cost to the manufacturer.
Documents – Access the Web site at www.oit.doe.gov/iac.
" IAC Database

For more information, simply check the box next to the product, fill out the form below and fax back to (360) 586-8303:
Name: __________________________________________________________ Title: ________________________________________________________

Organization: __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Address: ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

City: ______________________________________________________________ State: ____________________________ Zip: ____________________

Phone: ______________________________ Fax: ______________________________ E-mail: ______________________________________________

Comments: ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

For more information on Motor, Steam, Compressed Air Systems, and IACs, call the OIT Clearinghouse at (800) 862-2086,
or access the Web site at www.oit.doe.gov.
Motor Tip Sheet #2 • January 2000 • DOE/GO-102000-0971

You might also like