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Basic Chemistry: 3.1 Classification of Matter

Classification_of_Matter

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35 views

Basic Chemistry: 3.1 Classification of Matter

Classification_of_Matter

Uploaded by

Cowo Rasa Alpukat
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 3 Lecture

Basic Chemistry
Fourth Edition

Chapter 3 Matter and Energy


3.1 Classification of Matter

Learning Goal Classify examples of


matter as pure substances or mixtures.

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.


Classification of Matter

Matter is anything that has mass and occupies


space.
It makes up all things we use such as,
• water
• wood
• plastic bags
-What else?

We can classify matter according to its


composition.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Classification of Matter

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.


Classification of Matter

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.


© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
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© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
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KLASIFIKASI BAHAN

Matter

Mixtures Pure Substances


Physical change
Homogen Heterogen Chem Change
mix mix Compounds Element

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.


Pure Substances: Elements and Compounds

A pure substance is classified as


• a type of matter with a fixed or definite
composition
• an element that is composed of just one type
of atom
• a compound that is composed of two or more
elements chemically combined in the same
proportion

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.


• Law of conservation of mass: No detectable gain
or loss of mass occurs in chemical reactions. Mass
is conserved

• Law of definite proportion: In a given chemical


compound, the elements are always combined in
the same portions by mass
• Example: 9 g water H2O  1 g H : 8 g O
• If 100 g O mixed with 1 g H thus 92 g O left over

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.


9
Elements

Elements
• are pure substances that contain only one type
of material
• include examples such as An aluminum can
copper, Cu consists of many
atoms of aluminum.
lead, Pb
aluminum, Al

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.


Compounds

A compound
• consists of two or more elements in a
definite ratio
salt, NaCl
table sugar, C12H22O11
water, H2O
What else ?

A molecule of water, H2O,


consists of two atoms of
hydrogen (white) for every
one atom of oxygen (red).

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.


Compounds Contain Elements

“Table salt” is a compound that contains the


elements sodium and chlorine.

The decomposition of
salt, NaCl, produces the
elements sodium and
chlorine. Elements
cannot be broken down
further.

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.


Mixtures

A mixture is a type of
matter that consists of
• two or more substances
that are mixed, but not
chemically combined
• two or more substances in
different proportions that
can be separated by
physical methods

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.


Homogenous Mixtures

In a homogeneous mixture,
• the composition is uniform throughout the
sample
• the different parts of the mixture are not visible

Brass is a homogeneous
mixture of copper and
zinc atoms.

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.


Heterogeneous Mixtures

In a heterogeneous mixture,
• the composition varies from one part of the
mixture to another
• the different parts of the mixture are visible

Water and copper form a


heterogeneous mixture.

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.


Learning Check

Identify each of the following as a pure substance


or a mixture.
A. pasta and tomato sauce
B. aluminum foil
C. helium
D. air

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.


Solution

Identify each of the following as a pure substance


or a mixture.
A. pasta and tomato sauce mixture
B. aluminum foil pure substance
C. helium pure substance
D. air mixture

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.


Learning Check

Identify each of the following as a homogeneous


or heterogeneous mixture:
A. hot fudge sundae
B. baby shampoo
C. sugar water
D. peach pie

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.


Solution

Identify each of the following as a homogeneous


or heterogeneous mixture:
A. hot fudge sundae heterogeneous mixture
B. baby shampoo homogeneous mixture
C. sugar water homogeneous mixture
D. peach pie heterogeneous mixture

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

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