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Chapters 1 The Problem and Its Setting

The document outlines the typical structure and components of an engineering project report, including: 1. An introduction section that states the objectives, scope, and limitations of the project. 2. A literature review and methodology section that describes prior work and how the project was conducted. 3. A results section that presents findings in tables and figures with captions and units. 4. A discussion section that analyzes, interprets, and evaluates the results in relation to the objectives. 5. A conclusions and recommendations section that summarizes key outcomes and suggests future work.

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31 views

Chapters 1 The Problem and Its Setting

The document outlines the typical structure and components of an engineering project report, including: 1. An introduction section that states the objectives, scope, and limitations of the project. 2. A literature review and methodology section that describes prior work and how the project was conducted. 3. A results section that presents findings in tables and figures with captions and units. 4. A discussion section that analyzes, interprets, and evaluates the results in relation to the objectives. 5. A conclusions and recommendations section that summarizes key outcomes and suggests future work.

Uploaded by

Kurinto
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapters

1 The Problem and its Setting

1.1 Introduction

Conceptual Background

Theoretical Background

1.2 The Problem

Statement of the Problem

Note: (1) State briefly the existing practice concerning your project. (2)

State in a declarative sentence the problem, which your project intends

to solve.

Significance of the Study

Note: 1.Explain the major concerns in society/academe/industry that

would relate to the significance of your project.

2. Explain in detail how your project could respond to these

major concerns in society/academe/industry.

3. Explain in detail the unique features of your project that it can

contribute to the major concerns in society/academe/industry.

4. Explain in detail what existing studies/designs/projects do and

associate them to the unique feature of your project.

5. Explain in detail the unique contributions/improvements of

your project to existing studies/designs/projects.


Scope and Limitations

Note: (1) State the areas that will be included in your project and the

areas that are not included. (2) State the various obstacles that hinder

the researcher from fully accomplishing the objectives of the project.

1.3 Definition of Terms

Note: Define terms in how they must be understood in the study

Note: The purpose of the introduction is to prepare the reader for the body of the
report by giving clear statements of the background and objectives of the project.
The following items are often components of a good introduction:

1. The objectives should be clearly stated and information should be


provided to convince the reader that the work is valuable.
2. A review of applicable literature may be included. If the review is
extensive, it may be included as a separate section of the report
following the introduction (Related Literature).
3. The limits (scope) of the work should be outlined here (what will be tested
and what will not be tested.
4. If the study was performed to verify an existing theory or unusual method
was used to analyze the data, the theory is often discussed in the
introduction. If a theory was developed on the basis of study results, it is
better presented in the discussion section of the report (Results and
Discussions). It is acceptable to present existing theory as a separate
section of the report, following the introduction.
5. The outline of the presentation in the remainder of the report might be
discussed, particularly if it is different from normal practice.

2 Related Literature

3 Methodology

Note: The apparatus should be described both in words and in sketches or


pictures. Block diagrams should be provided that show all (or primary) sensor
locations. Photographs of the apparatus are normally included in an appendix.
The list should include the manufacturer, model number, and serial number of
each instrument used. If the procedure is simple, it can be included here. If
the test procedure is lengthy, it should be included in an appendix.

4 Results and Discussions


Note: Results. The primary results from the study should be included here in
graphical and/or tubular form. A short text should be included to state what
results are included and on which graph or table they are included. Each table
and each figure should be assigned a unique number. The number normally
appears adjacent to the title. For example:

Figure 10 Beam stress vs. time


Table 3 Stresses at strain gages 1-20

If the numerical results are not too extensive, they should be


presented in tabular form. Somewhat more extensive tabular results might be
referenced and place into an appendix. Only include results that are of direct
interest to the reader and do not include intermediate calculations. With
computerized data acquisition systems, huge quantities of data can be obtain
and it may not be practical to present them in tabular form at all. In this case,
only summary types of numerical results (e.g., averages, minimum and,
maximums) can be tabulated.
The format of the graphical results is important. Acceptable graph
prepared using a spreadsheet computer program. The following notes apply
to graphs:

1. With the exception of a page number, nothing should be written


within ½ inch of the top, bottom, and one side of the page or within
1 inch of the side of the page that will be bound (the left-hand side
when the pages are printed on one side).
2. The graph should be placed in the report so that it can be read in
the same direction as a written page or can be read by rotating the
report 90 clockwise from that orientation.
3. Discrete data points should be plotted as points surrounded by a
plot symbol such as a circle or a square. If there are a large
number of points so that the plot symbols overlap (such as might
exist for time-varying data taken with a computerized data
acquisition system), it is better to eliminate the plot symbols and
connect the data points with straight lines.
4. Continuous theoretical predictions or correlations should be
presented as lines or curves and it is recommended that they not
be plotted as discrete points. If no theory is presented or if the
theory agrees poorly with the data, it is common to draw a best fit
curve through the data points. If the data show a trend (such as
rainfall versus month of the year) and the y-axis data are not
functionally related to theoretical and the best-fits curves are not
meaningful. In this case it is common to connect the individual data
points with a series of straight-line segments. Bar graphs are also
appropriate in presenting trend data.
5. There should be a legend identifying different types of data points,
as on the example.
6. The graph should have a title (caption). This can be either the top
or bottom of the graph or on the grid portion of the graph. The title
location should be the same for all figures in given report.
7. All curves should be drawn smoothly, either with computerized
functions or flexible curves (drafting instruments).

Note: Discussion. This is a major part of the report and will vary in scope,
length, and complexity according to the nature of the investigation. Basically,
the discussion evaluates the results, interprets them, and investigates their
significance. It is the bridge that leads the reader from the results section into
a single section. The discussion commonly includes the following:

1. A statement about each result presented, including its


significance and how it relates to the project objectives
2. A discussion of any results that are unexpected
3. Discussion of the causes of experimental uncertainties
4. Comparison of results to the theories or preexisting
experimental results
5. Personal opinions to explain results
6. If applicable, description and comparison of data of any new
theory developed on the basis of the test data

5 Conclusions and Recommendations

Note: Conclusions and Recommendations. There should always be


specific conclusions and recommendations that answer the objectives of the
experiment or explain why the objectives were not met. No new results
should be presented in this section of the report. This section can be included
a listing of the main results. Recommendation for future work or methods to
improve the experiment can be included in this section of the report.

References (IEEE)

Note: References. A listing of document mentioned in other portions of the report


should be presented in a consistent form that includes the document title, author(s)’
names, name of the publisher, publication date, and other relevant information to
allow the reader to locate the original document.

Appendices

Note Appendices. Material that is placed in appendices is normally of interest to


some but not necessarily all readers. If it is of interest to most readers, it should go in
the main body of the report. Some material is placed in appendices to provide a
permanent record. The following may be included in the appendices:

1. Original laboratory data sheets


2. Sample calculations
3. Test procedure if not included in the body of the report
4. Detailed drawings of the facility
5. Information of interest to some readers but not central to the report
6. Manufacturer’s instrument specifications

In student reports, the laboratory data sheets should be included in the report. In
professional practice, these items are usually kept as records separate from the
report.
Note: Margin: Left 1.5 inch while Top, Right and Bottom are 1 inch
Font: Arial size 12
Spacing: 1.5
Indicating Page: bottom right corner
Every chapter should start a new page

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