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MA 102 (Ordinary Differential Equations)

This document provides a tutorial on solving higher order ordinary differential equations (ODEs) with variable coefficients using power series, determining ordinary and singular points of ODEs, and applying Taylor series expansions. It includes 8 problems covering these topics: 1) finding general solutions to higher order ODEs, 2) using the method of variation of parameters, 3) determining general solutions given a particular solution, 4) rewriting sums involving powers of x, 5) calculating Taylor series expansions, 6) proving power series identities, and 7) finding all singular points of given ODEs.

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Akshay Narasimha
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34 views

MA 102 (Ordinary Differential Equations)

This document provides a tutorial on solving higher order ordinary differential equations (ODEs) with variable coefficients using power series, determining ordinary and singular points of ODEs, and applying Taylor series expansions. It includes 8 problems covering these topics: 1) finding general solutions to higher order ODEs, 2) using the method of variation of parameters, 3) determining general solutions given a particular solution, 4) rewriting sums involving powers of x, 5) calculating Taylor series expansions, 6) proving power series identities, and 7) finding all singular points of given ODEs.

Uploaded by

Akshay Narasimha
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MA 102 (Ordinary Differential Equations)

IIT Guwahati

Tutorial Sheet No. 11 Date: April 6, 2020

Higher order ODEs with variable coefficients, Power series, Ordinary


and Singular points of ODEs

1. Find a general solution to the given equation for x > 0.


(a) x3 y 000 − 3x2 y 00 + 6xy 0 − 6y = 0.
(b) x2 y 00 − 5xy 0 + 8y = 2x3 .

2. Find a general solution to the following differential equations by the method


of variation of parameters.
(a) (sin2 x)y 00 − 2 sin x cos xy 0 + (cos2 x + 1)y = sin3 x;
where {sin x, x sin x} is a fundamantal solution set of the corresponding ho-
mogeneous equation.
(b) (x2 + 2x)y 00 − 2(x + 1)y 0 + 2y = (x + 2)2
where {x + 1, x2 } is a fundamantal solution set of the corresponding homoge-
neous equation.
(c) x3 y 000 + x2 y 00 − 2xy 0 + 2y = 2x4 , x > 0.

3. A differential equation and a non-trivial solution y1 are given. Find the general
solution.
(a) x2 y 00 + xy 0 − y = 0, x 6= 0; y1 (x) = x.
(b) x2 y 00 − 2xy 0 − 4y = 0, x > 0; y1 (x) = x−1 .

4. Given that y = x is a solution of x2 y 00 + xy 0 − y = 0, x 6= 0, find the general


solution of x2 y 00 + xy 0 − y = x, x 6= 0.

5. Determine a Taylor’s series about the given point for each of the following
functions and determine the radius of convergence.
1
(a) 1−x , x0 = 2. (b) x21+1 , x0 = 0.

6. Prove the following identities.


(a) ∞ an (x − 1)n+1 = ∞ 1)n .
P P
n=0 n=1 an−1 (x −P
(b) k=0 ak+1 xk + ∞
P∞ P k+1 = a + ∞ k
k=0 ak x 1 k=1 (ak+1 + ak−1 )x .

7. Rewrite the following as sums whose generic term involves xn .


(a) ∞
P n−2 (b)
P∞ m−2 + x
P∞ k−1 .
n=2 n(n − 1)an x m=2 m(m − 1)am x k=1 kak x

8. Find all the singular points of the following ODEs


(a) (x2 + x − 2)y 00 + (x + 1)y 0 + 2y = 0.
(b) y 00 + (ln|x|)y 0 + 3xy = 0.
(c) (sin x)y 00 + xy 0 + 4y = 0. (d) x2 y 00 + 2(ex − 1)y + (e−x cos x)y = 0.

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