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MA 102 (Ordinary Differential Equations)

The document provides a tutorial on solving ordinary differential equations (ODEs). It contains examples of determining the order and degree of ODEs, obtaining the differential equation from a given function, showing integral curves, using integrating factors, determining exactness, solving first order linear and nonlinear ODEs, and examining homogeneous forms. Solutions involve converting equations to linear or separable form and using appropriate integrating factors and substitutions.

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Akshay Narasimha
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101 views

MA 102 (Ordinary Differential Equations)

The document provides a tutorial on solving ordinary differential equations (ODEs). It contains examples of determining the order and degree of ODEs, obtaining the differential equation from a given function, showing integral curves, using integrating factors, determining exactness, solving first order linear and nonlinear ODEs, and examining homogeneous forms. Solutions involve converting equations to linear or separable form and using appropriate integrating factors and substitutions.

Uploaded by

Akshay Narasimha
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MA 102 (Ordinary Differential Equations)

IIT Guwahati
Tutorial Sheet No. 7 Date: March 9, 2020

Basics of ODEs, General solutions of first order ODEs.

(1) Determine the order and degree of the following differential equations. Also, state whether
they are linear or nonlinear.
d4 y dy 2 d2 y d2 y

(a) dx 4 + 19 dx = 11y; (b) dx 2 + x sin y = 0; (c) dx 2 + y sin x = 0;
1 2 6
 4  3 
dy 2 d y d y d y d y d3 y 2 d2 y

(d) 1 + dx = x dx 2; (e) dx 6 + dx4 dx3
+ y = x; (f ) x3 dx x
3 + x dx2 + y = e .

(2) Obtain the differential equation satisfied by the following functions.


(a) y = c1 e−x + c2 e2x ; (b) x2 + c1 y 2 = 1; (c) All lines tangent to the parabola x2 = 4y.

(3) In part c) of the above problem, show that the parabola itself forms an integral curve of
the differential equation. Thus show that two integral curves of the differential equation
pass through each point of the parabola.

(4) Show that if (Nx − My )/(xM − yM ) is a function say g(z) of z = xy, then the
R equation

M (x, y)dx + N (x, y)dy = 0 has an integrating factor µ(z), where µ(u) = exp g(u)du .

(5) Under what conditions, are the following differential equations exact?
(a) (ax + by)dx + (kx + ly)dy = 0; (b) [f (x) + g(y)]dx + [h(x) + l(y)]dy = 0;
(c) (x3 + xy 2 )dx + (ax2 y + bxy 2 )dy = 0.

(6) Examine the following differential equations for exactness. Solve them by finding appro-
priate integrating factors if necessary.
i) (xy 2 + y)dx + (x2 y − x)dy = 0. ii) y 2 (x2 + 2)dx + (x3 + y 3 )(ydx − xdy) = 0.
iii) (sin x tan y + 1)dx − cos x sec2 ydy = 0. iv) cos x cos2 ydx − 2 sin x sin y cos ydy = 0.
v) (2y 2 − 4x + 5)dx + (4 − 2y + 4xy)dy = 0. vi) (y 2 + xy + 1)dx + (x2 + xy + 1)dy = 0.
vii) xdy = (y + x2 + 9y 2 )dx. viii) xdy − ydx = (2x2 − 3)dx.
ix) ex dx + (ex coty + 2y cosecy)dy = 0. x) ydx + (2x − yey )dy = 0.

(7) Solve the following equations by converting them to linear form (if necessary):
dy 1 − e−2x dy
(i) +y = x . (ii) (1 + x2 ) + xy + x3 + x = 0.
dx e + e−x dx
dy
(iii) = y(xy 3 − 1) (iv) ydx − 4(x + y 6 )dy = 0.
dx
dy dy 1
(v) (x + 2)2 = 5 − 8y − 4xy. (vi) = , y(−2) = 0.
dx dx x + y2
dy y
(vii) = , y(5) = 2. (viii) xdy + (xy + 2y − 2e−x )dx = 0, y(1) = 0.
dx y−x
dy
(ix) y 1/2 + y 3/2 = 1, y(0) = 4.
dx
(8) Examine whether the following equations are in homogeneous form. Solve each of them
by converting them to separable form after making appropriate substitutions if necessary.
i) (x sin xy − y cos xy )dx + x cos xy dy = 0. ii) (3y − 7x + 7)dx p
+ (7y − 3x + 3)dy = 0.
dy y x3 y
iii) dx = 2 x + y + x tan x2 . iv) 2xdy − 2ydx = x2 + 4y 2 dx.

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