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Spring Stress

The document discusses helical springs and provides formulas to calculate stresses and deflections in springs. It defines spring constants for springs in series and parallel. It then provides two example problems, solving for maximum shearing stress and elongation in helical springs under an applied load.

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Amjed AL-KAHTEEB
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3K views

Spring Stress

The document discusses helical springs and provides formulas to calculate stresses and deflections in springs. It defines spring constants for springs in series and parallel. It then provides two example problems, solving for maximum shearing stress and elongation in helical springs under an applied load.

Uploaded by

Amjed AL-KAHTEEB
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Helical Springs

When close-coiled helical spring, composed of a wire of round rod of diameter d wound

into a helix of mean radius R with n number of turns, is subjected to an axial load P

produces the following stresses and elongation:

The maximum shearing stress is the sum of the direct shearing stress τ1 = P/A and the

torsional shearing stress τ2 = Tr/J, with T = PR.

This formula neglects the curvature of the spring. This is used for light spring where the

ratio d/4R is small.

For heavy springs and considering the curvature of the spring, a more precise formula is

given by: (A.M.Wahl Formula)

where m is called the spring index and (4m – 1) / (4m – 4) is the Wahl Factor.

The elongation of the bar is

Notice that the deformation δ is directly proportional to the applied load P. The ratio of P

to δ is called the spring constant k and is equal to


SPRINGS IN SERIES

For two or more springs with spring laid in series, the resulting spring constant k is

given by

where k1, k2,… are the spring constants for different springs.

SPRINGS IN PARALLEL

Solved Problems in Helical Springs


Problem 343

Determine the maximum shearing stress and elongation in a helical steel spring

composed of 20 turns of 20-mm-diameter wire on a mean radius of 90 mm when the

spring is supporting a load of 1.5 kN. Use Eq. (3-10) and G = 83 GPa.

Solution 343
Strength of Materials Chapter One Simple Stresses

Ex:-5- A load (P) is supported by two steel spring arranged in series as shown in
figure . The upper spring has (20 turns) of (20mm) diameter wire on mean
diameter of (150mm) . The lower spring consists of (15 turns) of (10mm) diameter
wire on mean diameter of (130mm) . Determine the maximum shearing stress in
each spring if the total deflection is (80mm) and (Gs=83GPa) .

Sol:-
64 * P * R 3 * N
 
G*d 4
64 * P  (0.075) 3 (20) (0.065) 3 *15 
0.08    
83 *10 9  (0.02) 4 (0.01) 4 

 P  233N
2 R 2 * 0.075
For upper spring (m    7.5)
d 0.02

41
Strength of Materials Chapter One Simple Stresses

16 P * R  4m  1 0.615 
 max .  
 * d 3  4m  4 m 
16 * 233 * 0.075  30  1 0.615 
 max .  
 * (0.02) 3  30  4 7.5 
 max .  12.7 MPa

2 R 2 * 0.065
For lower spring (m    13)
d 0.01
 4m  1 0.615 
16 P * R
 max .   4m  4  m 
 *d3
16 * 233 * 0.065  52  1 0.615 
 max .   52  4  13 
 * (0.01) 3
 max .  81.MPa

Ex:-6- A load (P) is supported by two concentric steel spring arranged as shown in
figure . The inner spring consist of (30 turns) of (20mm) wire diameter on mean
diameter of (150mm) , the outer spring has (20 turns) of (30mm) wire diameter on
mean diameter of (200mm) . Compute the maximum load that will not exceed a
shearing stress of (140 MPa) in either spring . Gs=83 GPa .

Sol:-
64 P * R 3 * N
1   2 ,  
G*d4
64 P1 * (0.075)3 * 30 64 P2 * (0.1) 3 * 20

G * (0.02) 4 G * (0.03) 4
P1=0.312 P2
2 R 2 * 0.075
For inner spring (m    7.5)
d 0.02
2 R 2 * 0.1
For outer spring (m    6.67)
d 0.03

42
Strength of Materials Chapter One Simple Stresses

16 P * R  4m  1 0.615 
 max .  
 * d 3  4m  4 m 
For (P1) :-
16 * P1 * 0.075  30  1 0.615 
140 *106  
 * (0.02)3  30  4 7.5 

P1=2.45 kN and P2= 7.85kN  P= P1+ P2=10.3 kN

For (P2) :-
16 * P2 * 0.1  26.7  1 0.615 
140 *106  
 * (0.03)3  26.8  4 6.67 

P2=6.06 kN and P1= 1.9 kN  P= P1+ P2=7.96 kN

 P= 7.96 kN

43
Problem 344

Determine the maximum shearing stress and elongation in a bronze helical spring

composed of 20 turns of 1.0-in.-diameter wire on a mean radius of 4 in. when the

spring is supporting a load of 500 lb. Use Eq. (3-10) and G = 6 × 106 psi.

Solution 344

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