BATANGAS COLLEGE OF ARTS & SCIENCES, INC.

Banaybanay Concepcion, Lipa City, Batangas

COLLEGE DEPARTMENT
Second Semester, AY 2020-2021
Date Covered: April 22 – 28, 2020, Date of Submission (picture of answers and solutions): April 29, 2020

GE4-Math – Mathematics in the Modern World

NUMBER of
TOPIC/CONTENT LEARNING ACTIVITIES REQUIRED OUTPUT
HOURS

Mathematics as a Tool Read the lecture below and be guided Answer the Exercise below on any sheet of
with the given examples. paper.
A. Data Management Note: Write your name on the paper.
- Interpreting of Data
- Measures of Central Tendency 3

Interpretation of Data
Any given data in statistics are useless if we don’t interpret them. The most appropriate measures found to be useful in describing a distribution of
observations are the measures of central tendency, measures of variation, and measures of relative position.

Measures of Central Tendency

Central Tendency determines a numerical value in the central region of a distribution score. The three measures of central tendency are mean, median
and mode.

Mean – Mn, is also called the arithmetic mean or average.

Formula for ungrouped data: Mn =

∑ of the va lues
thenumber of values

Example 1. Jeffrey has been working on programming and updating a webste for his company for the past 24 months. The following numbers
represent the number of hours Jefffrey has worked on his website for each of the past 7 months: 24, 25, 31, 50, 53, 66, 78. What is the mean
number of hours the Jeffrey has worked on this website each month?
Solution:
Step 1: Add the numbers to determine the total number of hours he worked.
24 + 25 + 31 + 50 + 53 + 66 + 78 = 329
Step 2: Divide the total by the number of months.
329
Mn = =47 was the average number of hours that Jeffrey worked on this website each month
7
 Example 2. The following are Marivic’s scores in Statistics quizzes: 70, 72, 77, 78, 86, 84, 80 and 79. Find her average score for the 8 quizzes.
70+72+ 77+78+86+ 84+80+ 79 626
Solution: Mn = = =78.25 is the average score of Marivic
8 8

Formula for grouped data: Mn =

∑ f Xm
N
where: Mn = mean
f = frequency
Xm = class mark (the average per class = =sum of lower and upper class limit divided by 2)
∑ f X m = sum of the product of frequencies and class mark
N = total frequency
Example 1. The table below summarizes the weights of the Cubs. Find the average weight of the cubs.
Weights of the Cubs f
151 – 160 2
161 – 170 9
171 – 180 11
181 – 190 12
191 – 200 8
201 – 210 3
N = 45

Solution: Add two more columns to get the Xm and fXm.

Weights of the Cubs f Xm fXm
151 – 160 2 155.5 311
161 – 170 9 165.5 1489.5
171 – 180 11 175.5 1930.5
181 – 190 12 185.5 2226
191 – 200 8 195.5 1564
201 – 210 3 205.5 616.50
N = 45 ∑f X m=8137.5
0

Therefore:

Mn =
∑ f X m = 8137.50 =180.83
N 45
 Example 2. The table below summarizes the scores in a Mathematics examination.
Scores Frequency
10 – 12 19
13 – 15 11
16 – 18 10
19 – 21 10
22 – 24 5
25 – 27 4
28 – 30 1
n = 60

Solution: Add two more columns to get the Xm and fXm.

Scores Frequency Xm fXm
10 – 12 19 11 209
13 – 15 11 14 154
16 – 18 10 17 170
19 – 21 10 20 200
22 – 24 5 23 115
25 – 27 4 26 104
28 – 30 1 29 29
n = 60 ∑ f X m= 981
Therefore:

Mn =
∑ f X m = 981 =16.35
N 60

Median – Md, is the middle score, also called the 50th percentile.
Formula for ungrouped data: Md = (N + 1)/2th position of the arranged data (ascending/ descending)
Example 1. Find the median of the following prices: 50, 55, 60, 65, 12, 35, 48
Solution:
Step 1: Arrange the scores (ascending order)
12, 35, 48, 50, 55, 60, 65
N + 1 7+ 1 8
Step 2: Md = = = =4 th score = 50
2 2 2
 Example 2. Find the median of the following weights in kilos: 101, 107, 115, 120, 111, 105
Solution:
Step 1: Arrange the scores (ascending order)
101, 105, 107, 111, 115, 120
N + 1 6+ 1 7 107+111
Step 2: Md = = = =3.5 th score , that is between the 3rd and the 4th scores= = 109
2 2 2 2

N
Formula for grouped data: Md =

where: Md = median
X LB +[ ]
( 2)
−cf

fm
b
i

XLB = lower boundary of the median class

N = total frequency
cfb = cumulative frequency before the median class
fm = frequency of the median class
i = size of the class interval

Example 1. The table below summarizes the weights of the Cubs. Find the median.
Weights of the Cubs f
151 – 160 2
161 – 170 9
171 – 180 11
181 – 190 12
191 – 200 8
201 – 210 3
N = 45

Solution: Add one more column for cf. copy the frequency
Weights of the Cubs f cf
151 – 160 2 2
161 – 170 9 11 add the cf to next frequency
171 – 180 11 22
181 – 190 12 34
191 – 200 8 42
201 – 210 3 45 median class=N/2= 45/2 = 22.5
N = 45 (refer to cf)

XLB = lower limit – 0.5

= 181 – 0.5 = 180.5
 Therefore:
N 45
Md =
X LB +[ ] [ ]
( 2)
−cf

fm
b
i =180.5+
( 2)
−22

0.5
10
12

= 180.5+ [ ]
12
10 = 180.5 + 0.42 = 180.92

Example 2. The table below summarizes the scores in a Mathematics examination.

Scores Frequency
10 – 11 14
12 – 13 10
14 – 15 6
16 – 17 8
18 – 19 6
20 – 21 6
22 – 23 3
24 – 25 3
26 – 27 3
28 – 29 1
N = 60

Solution: Add one more column for cf. copy the frequency
Weights of the Cubs Frequency cf
10 – 11 14 14
12 – 13 10 24 add the cf to next frequency
14 – 15 6 30
16 – 17 8 38
18 – 19 6 44 median class=N/2= 60/2=30
20 – 21 6 50 (refer to cf)
22 – 23 3 53
XLB = lower limit – 0.5 24 – 25 3 56
= 14 – 0.5 = 13.5 26 – 27 3 59
28 – 29 1 60
N = 60

Therefore:
 N 60
Md =
X LB + [ ] [ ]
( 2)
−cf

fm
b
i =13.5+
( 2)

6
−24
2
6

= 13.5+ []
6
2 = 13.5 + 2 = 15.5

Mode – Mo, is the value with the largest frequency. A distribution can be unimodal with one mode value, bimodal with two mode values and trimodal with three
mode values.
Formula for ungrouped data: Mo = the most frequent data
Example 1. Find the mode of the following data: 50, 55, 12, 60, 65, 12, 35, 48, 48, 50, 12
Solution: By inspection, the mode is 12 since it is the most frequent value (the data is unimodal)
Example 2. Find the mode of the following data: 50, 55, 12, 60, 65, 12, 35, 48, 48, 50, 12, 50
Solution: By inspection, the mode is 12 and 50 since these are the most frequent values (the data is bimodal)
Formula for grouped data: Mo = X LB + ¿
where: Mo = mode
XLB = lower boundary of the modal class (class with the highest frequency)
df1 = difference of the frequency of the modal class and before the modal class
df2 = difference of the frequency of the modal class and after the modal class
i = size of the class interval

Example 1. The table below summarizes the weights of the Cubs. Find the mode.
Weights of the Cubs f
151 – 160 2 df1 = 12 – 11 = 1
161 – 170 9 (before and modal class)
171 – 180 11
181 – 190 12
191 – 200 8
201 – 210 3 modal class=the class with the highest frequency
N = 45

XLB = lower limit – 0.5

= 181 – 0.5 = 180.5 df1 = 12 – 8 = 4
Therefore: (afer and modal class)
Mo = X LB + ¿
1
= 180.5+ []
5
10 = 180.5 + 2 = 182.5

Example 2. The table below summarizes the scores in a Mathematics examination. df1 = 14 – 0 = 14
(before and modal class)
 Scores f
10 – 11 14
12 – 13 10
14 – 15 6 modal class=the class with the highest frequency
16 – 17 8
18 – 19 6
XLB = lower limit – 0.5 20 – 21 6
= 10 – 0.5 = 9.5 22 – 23 3 df1 = 14 – 10 = 4
(afer and modal class)
24 – 25 3
26 – 27 3
28 – 29 1
N = 60

Therefore:
Mo = X LB + ¿
14
= 9 .5+ [ ]
18
2 = 9.5 + 1.56 = 11.06

Exercise. Find the mean, median and mode for the following data. Show the solution.
1. 32, 38, 42, 36, 34, 40, 44, 32, 34
2. 440, 28, 45, 52, 44, 53, 59, 45, 56, 45
3. Complete the table then find the measures of central tendency.
Scores in Statistics f Xm fXm cf
40 – 44 8
45 – 49 10
50 – 54 7
55 – 59 12
60 – 64 8
65 – 69 2
70 – 75 7
75 – 79 6
N = 60 ∑ f X m= _______
Prepared by:
KRISTINA LAWRENCE K. MELO
Mathematics Instructor