The document discusses the present perfect tense and present continuous tense in Indonesian. It provides examples of how to form sentences using these tenses, including positive, negative, and interrogative sentences. It also gives examples of when to use each tense, such as using the present perfect tense to indicate an experience or change, and using the present continuous tense to indicate an ongoing action or plan.
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Present Perfect Tense: Kalimat Verbal
The document discusses the present perfect tense and present continuous tense in Indonesian. It provides examples of how to form sentences using these tenses, including positive, negative, and interrogative sentences. It also gives examples of when to use each tense, such as using the present perfect tense to indicate an experience or change, and using the present continuous tense to indicate an ongoing action or plan.
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Present Perfect Tense
Present Perfect Tense berikut ini:
1. Menunjukkan suatu pengalaman
I think I have seen the movie before
2. Menunjukkan suatu perubahan
Your English has really improved since You studied at America
3. Menunjukkan suatu pencapaian
My Daughter has learned how to read
4. Menunjukkan suatu kejadian yang belum selesai
I’m so worry, my boy has still not arrived from school.
5. Menunjukkan beberapa kejadian dalam waktu yang berbeda
I have seen several doctor for my illness
Kalimat Verbal Catatan: Present Perfect tense dibentuk dengan auxiliary verb “have / has” dan past participle (verb-3). Has digunakan untuk subjek (She, He, It) dan have digunakan untuk subjek (I, you, we, they) . Sedangkan past participle yang digunakan dapat berupa irregular atau regular verb. Rumus Past Perfect untuk kalimat positif, negatif, dan kalimat tanya. 1. Kalimat Positif S + have / has + Past participle Contoh : She has worked in the hospital for six years I have fixed my computer 2. Kalimat Negatif S + have / has + not + Past participle Contoh : She hasn’t worked in the hospital. I have not fixed my computer. 3. Kalimat Tanya Have / has + S + Past participle Contoh : Has she worked in the hospital for six years? Have I fixed my computer? Kalimat Nominal Catatan : Untuk kata ganti orang ketiga seperti (I, you, We, They) maka kita menggunakan Have. Namun untuk kata ganti orang ketiga seperti (She, He) maka kita menggunakan Has. Rumus Past Perfect untuk kalimat positif, negatif, dan kalimat tanya. 1. Kalimat Positif S + has / have + been + O Contoh : Brandon has been recovered from illness We have been back from office 2. Kalimat Negatif S + has / have + not + been + O Contoh: Brandon has not been recovered from illness We have not been back from office 3. Kalimat Tanya has / have + S + been + O Contoh : Has Brandon been recovered from illness? Have we been back from office
Rumus Present Continuous Tense
Present continuous tense dibentuk dengan auxiliary verb “be”, berupa is/am/are – karena present tense (waktu sekarang), dan present participle (-ing). Is digunakan pada subject berupa singular noun (seperti: Tita, book) dan third person singular pronoun (seperti: she, he, it); are pada plural noun (seperti: boys, men, books), plural pronoun (seperti: we, they) dan you; sementara am pada I.Umumnya tense ini hanya terjadi pada aksi berupa dynamic atau action verb, tidak stative verb. Mengapa begitu? karena secara umum hanya dynamic verb yang memiliki bentuk continuous. Stative Verb dengan Bentuk Progressive Rumus present continuous tense: S + am/is/are + present participle. Is digunakan untuk singular subject kecuali: you dan I, are untuk you dan plural subject, dan am untuk I. rumus present continuous tense Berikut rumus present continuous tense untuk kalimat positif, negatif, dan interogatif. Rumus Present Continuous Tense Contoh Present Continuous Tense kalimat positif (+) S + be (am/is/are) + present participle (-ing) The ships are sailing. (Kapal-kapal itu sedang berlayar.) He is smiling. (Dia sedang tersenyum.) kalimat negatif (-) S + be (am/is/are) + not + present participle (-ing) The ships are not sailing. (Kapal-kapal itu tidak sedang berlayar.) He is not smiling. (Dia tidak sedang tersenyum.) kalimat interogatif (?) be (am/is/are) + S + present participle (-ing)? Are the ships sailing? (Apakah kapal-kapal itu sedang berlayar?) Is he smiling? (Apakah dia sedang tersenyum?) Fungsi dan Contoh Kalimat Present Continuous Tense Present continuous tense untuk membicarakan suatu aksi yang sedang terjadi sekarang. Time expression (keterangan waktu) yang dapat digunakan antara lain: now (sekarang) at the moment (saat ini) over the holidays (selama hari libur) Contoh Kalimat Present Continuous Tense 1 She is brushing the bathroom floor. (Dia sedang menyikat lantai kamar mandi.) 2 I’m driving a car to Bandung now. (Saya sedang mengendarai mobil ke Bandung sekarang.) 3 He’s learning English in order to be a great guide. (Dia sedang mempelajari bahasa Inggris agar menjadi pemandu wisata yang hebat.) 4 I‘m living with my sister at the moment. (Saya tinggal dengan saudara perempuan saya saat ini.) Present continuous tense untuk membicarakan suatu rencana atau perpindahan ke suatu tempat/kondisi. Keterangan waktu yang dapat digunakan antara lain: on Sunday (pada hari Minggu) at nine o’clock on Sunday (pada pukul sembilan hari Minggu) next week/month (minggu/bulan depan) this month (bulan ini) Contoh Kalimat Present Continuous Tense 1 I’m spending my holiday on Kuta beach next month. (Saya sedang menghabiskan liburan di pantai Kuta akhir bulan depan.) 2 You can’t call me this night. I’m going to my best friend’s wedding. (Kamu tidak dapat menghubungi saya malam ini. Saya akan pergi ke pernikahan sahabat saya.) 3 The buses are arriving in an hour. (Bus-bus tersebut tiba dalam satu jam.) 4 I’m moving to West Jakarta this month. (Saya pindah ke Jakarta Barat bulan ini.) Present continuous tense untuk mengungkapkan kejengkelan atas aksi yang terjadi berulang kali. Contoh Kalimat Present Continuous Tense 1 Why is the wild dog always barking at me? (Mengapa anjing liar itu selalu menggonggong pada saya?) 2 I’m getting sick of you always asking the same questions. (Saya mulai muak dengan kamu yang selalu menanyakan pertanyaan-pertanyaan yang sama.)