BAOJI CITY CHANGSHENG TITANIUM CO.

LTD CSTY-CS095 MEMBRANE

CSTY-CS095 Membrane Electrolyzer

Skid Mounted for Small Scale Production

BAOJI CITY CHANGSHENG TITANIUM CO., LTD.

1 / 13
BAOJI CITY CHANGSHENG TITANIUM CO.LTD CSTY-CS095 MEMBRANE

INTRODUCTION

This document provides preliminary information on the CS095 Membrane Electrolyzer

developed by Baoji City Changsheng Titanium Co., Ltd. The CS095 is a skid mounted
bipolar electrolyzer ideal for small scale production of caustic and chlorine.

2 / 13
BAOJI CITY CHANGSHENG TITANIUM CO.LTD CSTY-CS095 MEMBRANE

PROCESS DESCRIPTION

1. Electrolysis Section

a. Anolyte System

Purified brine from the Purified Brine Tank is fed to the Feed Brine Header of
each Electrolyzer and then distributed to each anode chamber where it
electrolyzes into chlorine and sodium ions. A flow controller is installed at the
feed brine pipe line to each electrolyzer circuit for monitoring of the purified
brine flow rate.

A two-phase stream of depleted brine and wet chlorine gas overflows from
each anode chamber into a collection Depleted Brine Header installed at
each electrolyzer, depleted brine and chlorine gas are separated in the
Header and the gas liquid separator.

The depleted brine from the Depleted Brine Header flows by gravity through
the liquid piping into an Anolyte Tank, while the chlorine gas rises to the gas
piping and is sent to the B/L (chlorine gas handling section).

The depleted brine from the Anolyte Tank is pumped to the dechlorination
section by level controller.

Demineralized water supply line is provided for anolyte dilution to prevent salt
crystallization during shutdown and for anolyte concentration adjustment to
meet membrane requirement during start-up.

3 / 13
BAOJI CITY CHANGSHENG TITANIUM CO.LTD CSTY-CS095 MEMBRANE

b. Catholyte System

Recirculation caustic is fed from the Catholyte Tank to each electrolyzer Feed
Caustic Header through the Catholyte Heat Exchanger for temperature
control. From the Feed Caustic Header, the caustic is then distributed to
each cathode chamber where the cathodic reaction decomposes water into
the hydrogen and the hydroxide ions. A flow controller installed at each
electrolyzer feed caustic circuit controls the recycle caustic flow rate.

A two-phase stream of caustic solution and hydrogen gas overflows from

each cathode chamber into a Exit Caustic Header installed at each
electrolyzer, in which the caustic solution and the hydrogen are separated.

The caustic solution from the Exit Caustic Header flows through the liquid
piping by gravity into a Catholyte Tank by gravity, while the hydrogen gas
rises up to the gas piping and is sent to the hydrogen gas handling section.
From the Catholyte Tank, the caustic solution separates into two streams: a
product stream which is sent to the B/L and a recycle caustic stream to the
electrolyzers.

The Catholyte Heat Exchanger heats or cools the recirculation caustic to

maintain the electrolyzer operating temperature at 85 ~ 90 OC. During start
up, the Catholyte Heat Exchanger is used to heat the electrolyte in the
electrolyzers, accelerating the full current load attainment without excessive
voltage.

The electrolyzer caustic strength is monitored by a caustic density meter, and

is normally maintained at approximately 32 wt%, the optimum membrane
performance concentration, by controlling the demineralized water feed flow
into the recycled caustic stream.

4 / 13
BAOJI CITY CHANGSHENG TITANIUM CO.LTD CSTY-CS095 MEMBRANE

To detect any abnormality of the electrolyzer operation, voltage and

temperature monitoring system are installed for the electrolyzer.

c. Gas system

The hydrogen gas pressure is controlled at approximately 400 mm H2O

column higher than the chlorine gas pressure.

5 / 13
BAOJI CITY CHANGSHENG TITANIUM CO.LTD CSTY-CS095 MEMBRANE

2. Construction of CSTY-CS095 Electrolyzer

CSTY-CS095 is an advanced bipolar type electrolyzer having a unique and

simplified structure. The pan assemblies have a monolithic construction
combining partition plates and conductor ribs.

The Electrolyzer is made up of an alternating series of anode and cathode

elements with a cation selective semi-permeable membrane between each
anode and cathode. The membranes create an alternating series of anode and
cathode compartments through which different fluids flow. The membrane
selectively permits the passage of sodium ions from the anode compartment to
the cathode compartment where, in combination with hydroxyl ions, sodium
hydroxide is formed. The membrane inhibits the diffusion of negative chloride
ions from the anode compartment into the product sodium hydroxide, as well as
preventing the migration of negative hydroxyl ions from the cathode
compartment to the anodecompartment.

CSTY-CS095 Electrolyzer uses nickel for cathode material. The nickel

cathode conductors with elastic mesh ensures zero-gap technology at the whole
membrane area by pushing the cathode meshes gently against the anode
electrode. The key feature of CSTY-CS095 electrolyzers is the remarkable low
power consumption, which is due to superior electrolyte distribution, uniform
current distribution, low structural ohmic drop, adjustable gap from membrane to
cathode and high performance of the activated cathodes.

Another notable feature of CSTY-CS095 Electrolyzers is the overflow mode

design that ensures a longer membrane life. The Gas and the Electrolyte are
separated at special buffer devices in the upper hollow frame of each bipolar
element, leaving the electrode compartment in overflow mode with little pressure
fluctuation. By maintaining the anolyte and catholyte levels in the upper hollow
6 / 13
BAOJI CITY CHANGSHENG TITANIUM CO.LTD CSTY-CS095 MEMBRANE

frame, this overflow mode avoids membrane exposure to the gas zone. This
overflow mode design increases the membrane life.

Unlike an internal collection system, CSTY-CS095 Electrolyzers collect

gas/electrolyte overflow in transparent Teflon tubes, through which the
overflowing fluid at each element can be visually checked. This allows easy
detection of abnormal conditions such as brine feed failure, caustic feed failure
or membrane damage.

The design concept of CSTY-CS095 Electrolyzer results in equipment that is

simple to build (skid mounted module), simple to operate and easy to maintain.
The design leads to reduced installation, maintenance and operating costs.

7 / 13
BAOJI CITY CHANGSHENG TITANIUM CO.LTD CSTY-CS095 MEMBRANE

3. FEATUREA AND BENEFITS of CSTY-CS095 ELECTROLYZER

CSTY-CS095 Electrolyzer has many strong advantages over other conventional

membrane electrolyzers, providing a safe, higher current efficiency and flexible
operation for sodium hydroxide and chlorine production. Key features of
ANCAN-ANC095 Electrolyzer design are as follows:

◆ Low Power Consumption

The following features of CSTY-CS095 Electrolyzer contribute to the

remarkable low power consumption.

- zero gap technology with special cushion cathode meshes and elastic
mesh
- Low ohmic drop structure

◆ High Current Density Operation

The maximum operating current density of conventional electrolyzers has

been limited to 5kA/m2 due to structural voltage drop. CSTY-CS095 can
be operated safely at 6 kA/m2, even higher due to its a low structural
voltage drop, better electrolyte mixing, and smoother gas separation.

◆ Durable Materialof Construction

The use of titanium for its anode and nickel for its cathode, CSTY-CS095
achieves a higher durability than previous version of Electrolyzers, making it
more economical through the increase in life span and reduction in low-loss
during operation.

CSTY-CS095 anode chamber adopts anti-crevice corrosion titanium alloy

8 / 13
BAOJI CITY CHANGSHENG TITANIUM CO.LTD CSTY-CS095 MEMBRANE

material for the whole gasket contact surface of the pan, providing the end
user with trouble-free operation and eliminate the need for such re-coating
maintenance work.

◆ Easy and Low Cost Maintenance

As there is no requirement for welding the cathode meshes onto the bi-polar
elements, the cathode mesh can easily be replaced with new one at
cathode coating life end at the user’s plant site. Thus, the maintenance cost
can be reduced and its re-coating period can also be reduced.

◆ Long life of cathode and anode coating

With significant effort of research and many years of experience in

electrolysis process and electrolyzers, CSTY has developed an excellent
cathode coating technology with long coating life.

In addition, CSTY’s proprietary long life anode coating is also used in

CSTY-CS095 Electrolyzer.

◆ Over flow Mode

The gases and electrolytes leave the cell compartments in overflow mode
with very little pressure fluctuation. This overflow mode avoids vibration of
the membrane which can damage the membrane, resulting in a longer
membrane life.

◆ Visible Flow

To detect abnormal conditions occurring in the electrolyzer, transparent

Teflon tubes are used at the electrolyte outlet nozzle of each element for

9 / 13
BAOJI CITY CHANGSHENG TITANIUM CO.LTD CSTY-CS095 MEMBRANE

visual inspection. Through these transparent tubes, damage to the

membrane, such as a pinhole, can be easily detected by checking the color
and flow of electrolytes.

◆ Membranes

The power consumption per tonne of

caustic product is directly proportional to
the electrolyzer voltage and inversely
proportional to the current efficiency.
Reducing the electrolyzer voltage relies
predominantly on the electrolyzer design, while current efficiency is largely
dependent on the membrane performance provided by the membrane
supplier. CSTY-CS095 Electrolyzer is designed to use any type of membrane
in the market, giving customers the flexibility.

◆ Expansion Capability

If required, the number of bipolar elements in the CSTY-CS095 Electrolyzer

can be added at a later stage to accommodate future production expansion
or to decrease operating current density.

◆ Ease of Assembly and Installation

Owing to its small number of parts and light weight, the assembly and
disassembly of the CSTY-CS095 Electrolyzer is fast and easy.

◆ Minimum current leakage

The leakage current causes DC current loss, electrolytic corrosion of the

metallic equipment and sparking. The design of CSTY-CS095

10 / 13
BAOJI CITY CHANGSHENG TITANIUM CO.LTD CSTY-CS095 MEMBRANE

Electrolyzer minimizes the current leakage in between cells, by adopting

specially designed feed tubes, overflow tubes, corrosion-resistant
electrodes and optimally designed electrolyte header and branch piping.

◆ Flexible layout

The layout of CSTY-CS095 Electrolyzer is flexible, the configuration of the

Electrolyzer and circuit arrangement can be selected to meet clients’
preferences. A typical arrangement for a green field project is with the bus
bar in a series circuit.

11 / 13
BAOJI CITY CHANGSHENG TITANIUM CO.LTD CSTY-CS095 MEMBRANE

4. ELECTROLYZER SPECIFICATION

4.1 Electrolyser

Type Filter-Press type Bipolar Membrane Electrolyzer

Model CSTY-CS095
Unit Cell Dimension 1360 × 855 mm
Unit Cell Effective Area 0.95 m2
Extruded form Single Head Extrusion Cylinder
Current density
5 KA/m2
(Operation Value)
Current density
6 KA/m2
(Design value)
Single Cell Voltage 2.9 - 3.4 V

4.2 Anode

Material Titanium + Coating (CSTY-CS095 Proprietary C11-02)

Effective Area 0.95 m2
Anode Lifespan ≥ 8 years (Continuous operation)

4.3 Cathode

Material Nickel + Activated coating (CSTY Proprietary C11-04)

Effective Area 0.95 m2

Cathode Lifespan ≥ 8 years (Continuous operation)

4.4 Quality Assurance of Electrolyser Accessories

Gasket ≥4 years
Flexible Hose ≥8 years
Inlet and Outlet Main
≥8 years
Pipe
Single Cell ≥8 years

12 / 13
BAOJI CITY CHANGSHENG TITANIUM CO.LTD CSTY-CS095 MEMBRANE

Manufacturing and Assembly of CSTY-CS095 Electrolyzer

CSTY-CS095 ELECTROLYZER IN OPERATION

13 / 13