Scribd
Upload
30 views4 pages

Figure 5 (B) Position of A Snail Moving in A Straight Line

1. The document describes the movement of a snail in a straight line over time and presents the raw data and a graph of the snail's position. 2. It then explains the steps taken to produce the graph from the raw data using Excel, including adding a linear trendline and equation. 3. The document also demonstrates how to use the LINEST function to calculate the slope and intercept from the raw data and determine the uncertainty in slope and intercept.

Uploaded by

hari prasad
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as XLS, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
30 views4 pages

Figure 5 (B) Position of A Snail Moving in A Straight Line

1. The document describes the movement of a snail in a straight line over time and presents the raw data and a graph of the snail's position. 2. It then explains the steps taken to produce the graph from the raw data using Excel, including adding a linear trendline and equation. 3. The document also demonstrates how to use the LINEST function to calculate the slope and intercept from the raw data and determine the uncertainty in slope and intercept.

Uploaded by

hari prasad
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as XLS, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 4

A B C D E F G H

1 Table 4. Position of a snail as a function of tim Produced using Excel 98 on a Macintosh


2 The snail moved in a straight line.
4 Here are the raw data. Explanation of how graph is made follows graph.

Following table is result of "LINEST(y-data,x-data,,1)" Select


5 Uncertainty an array of10 cells, enter the function, and hold the
Time Positio in Position Command/Apple key down while hitting return. First two
(sec) n (cm) (cm) rows have the information on slope and intercept.
6 1.00 1.9 0.5 Slope 2.08088737 -0.57764505 Intercept
7 2.00 3.1 0.7 Error in Slope 0.13322713 0.55447825 Error in intercept
8 3.00 5.5 0.3 0.97991614 0.6094842
9 4.00 8.2 0.9 243.956184 5
10 5.00 9.0 0.6 90.6226451 1.85735495
11 5.50 11.6 0.4
12 6.00 11.8 0.4
13
14
15
Figure 5(b) Position of a snail moving in a
16
17 straight line.
18
19 14.0
20
21
22 f(x) = 2.08088737201365 x − 0.577645051194538
23
24 12.0
25
26
27
28
10.0
29
30
31
32
33
Position, x (cm)

8.0
34
35
36
37
38 6.0
39
40
41
42
43 4.0
44
45
46
47
2.0
4.0

A B C D E F G H
48 2.0
49
50
51
52
53 0.0
54 0.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 7.00
55
56 Time, t (sec)
57
58
59 Here are the steps used to produce the above graph.
60 1. Enter the data, the X-axis data in A5:A11, the Y-axis data in B5:B11, and
61 errors in Y-axis data in C5:C11
62 2. Select the X and Y data by dragging over cells A5:B11. Click on the chart wizard.
63 Choose X-Y Scatter, hit Next, Next.
64 3. In appropriate boxes enter the Title, and label the axes.
65 4. Click on the Gridlines tab and check Major and Minor gridlines for both X and Y.
66 5. Click on the Legend tab, uncheck the Show Legend box.
67 6. Click Finish
68 7. Double click on the Middle number on the X-axis scale.
69 Click the Scale tab on the pop-up window, make the minor unit 0.5 and click OK.
70 8. Click on the border around the entire graph and handles should appear.
71 Drag the handles to make the graph an appropriate size (large!)
72 9. Double click on the gray area of the graph and check None for the area.
73 10. Double click on a gridline. Click on Patterns Tab and choose
74 the gray box (third from bottom) for Style. Repeat for all major and minor gridlines.
75 11. Click on a data point. From Chart menu bar pick Add Trendline, Linear should be the default.
76 Click on the Options Tab, Forecast forward 0.5 units and backward 1.0 units,
77 check the Show Equation box.
78 12. Double click on the Number in the middle of the X-axis, in pop up box choose Patterns tab
79 and make Axis Weight heavier, and check the Tick Marks Labels Low box.
80 13. Click and drag the equation to a position above the graph. Click in the equation and edit it
81 from saying "y = 2.0809x - 0.5776" to the new equation "x = (2.08 cm/s) - (0.58 cm)"
82 14. Lines for the error slopes were inserted manually as follows. Click in the graph so handles
83 appear. Use the Drawing pallet (if its not showing, use View, Toolbar, Drawing to get it)
84 Click on the line symbol nest to Autoshapes, and draw the line where you want it.
85 Click on the line patterns icon (4th from right on bar) and make the line dotted. Repeat
86 for the second line. Notice that my lines cross in the middle. You would then calculate
87 slope and intercept manually. I read intercepts of 0.7 and -1.8 cm making uncertainty
88 +/- 1.2 cm. I calculate slopes of 1.7 and 2.5 cm/s making uncertainty +/- 0.4 cm/s.
89
90 To produce the set of numbers to the right of the table you use the LINEST function on
91 an array of data.
92 1. Drag across a region of 5 rows and 2 columns, (F5:G9 in above example)
93 2. Type LINEST(y-data, x-data,,1) in the cell F5. In our example this is
94 "=LINEST(B5:B11,A5:A11,,1)". Notice the double comma!
95 3. Hold down the Apple/Alt key on the keyboard and hit return.
A B C D E F G H
96 4. The array of values is returned that consists of the following.
97 Only the first two rows will be used. A statistics course will explain the other rows.
98
99 Slope Intercept
100 Error in Slope Error in Intercept
101 r2 Standard error for y-estimate
102 F-statistic Degrees of freedom
Regression
103 sum of Residual sum
squares of squares
I
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
should be the 75
default.
76
77
choose Patterns78tab
79
equation and edit
80 it
cm/s) - (0.58 cm)"
81
e graph so handles
82
ar, Drawing to get
83 it)
84
line dotted. Repeat
85
ould then calculate
86
making uncertainty
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95

You might also like