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WaterResources Day4

Water is a vital yet scarce resource for India. The document discusses India's water resources, water scarcity issues, traditional and modern water management techniques including dams and rainwater harvesting. It provides examples of various traditional rainwater harvesting methods used in different parts of India like tanks in Rajasthan, khadins in Jaisalmer, and guls/kuls in the Himalayas. Modern rooftop rainwater harvesting systems are now commonly used in states like Rajasthan, Meghalaya and Karnataka to collect and store rainwater for drinking and other household needs.

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230 views3 pages

WaterResources Day4

Water is a vital yet scarce resource for India. The document discusses India's water resources, water scarcity issues, traditional and modern water management techniques including dams and rainwater harvesting. It provides examples of various traditional rainwater harvesting methods used in different parts of India like tanks in Rajasthan, khadins in Jaisalmer, and guls/kuls in the Himalayas. Modern rooftop rainwater harvesting systems are now commonly used in states like Rajasthan, Meghalaya and Karnataka to collect and store rainwater for drinking and other household needs.

Uploaded by

tester
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© © All Rights Reserved
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CLASS-X

GEOGRAPHY
CHAPTER-3

Water Resources
Water: Facts

Freshwater Saline water 96. 5%


on Earth (2.5%) Present in oceans, seas

Distribution of freshwater 70% in ice sheets & glaciers Less than 30% in groundwater 0.5% in rivers, lakes

Water Scarcity
Shortage of water Causes

Excessive use of water Agriculture done Over-exploitation of water Dumping of industrial domestic Mis-management and
due to growing population on a large scale resources due to urbanisation wastes in water sources wastage of water resources

Water Resources Management

Ancient Methods Modern Methods

Dams Irrigation Works Artificial Lakes Tanks Multipurpose Rain-Water


In Maurya Empire Kalinga, Nagarjunakonda, Bennur Bhopal (11 C°) Hauz-Khas in Delhi (14C°) projects harvesting

Multipurpose Projects
Building Dams Across Rivers

Merits Demerits

Excessive sedimentation Destruction of forests and Inter-state water disputes Displacement of


at the bottom of reservoir habitat in and around rivers regarding distribution of water local communities

Flood Water supply Generation of Fish Inland Recreation (Picnic


for irrigation electricity breeding navigation spot, boating etc) Resulting in
Control
Agitation and mass movements Increase in social gap
like Narmada Bachao Andolan between Rich and Poor

R ainwater Harvesting
Collecting and Storing of Rain Water

Traditional Ways Modern Way

Roof top rainwater


Kuls/Guls Khadin/Johads Tankas harvesting
Circular tanks in Western Himalayan Tanks in fields to collect Underground tanks in houses connected through
villages to collect rain water rain water in Rajasthan pipes to collect rain water falling on roofs in Rajasthan

Water drawn out by hand Pipe connected to underground tank Rainwater on rooftop collected
pump or pipes from the tank containing sand and bricks for filtration through a PVC pipe
Rainwater Harvesting

• In hill and mountainous regions, people built diversion channels like the ‘guls’ or ‘kuls’ of the western
Himalayas for agriculture.
• Rooftop rain water harvesting was commonly practiced to store drinking water in Rajasthan.
• In the flood plains of Bengal, people developed inundation channels to irrigate their fields.
• In arid and semi-arid regions, agricultural fields were converted into rain fed storage structures that
allowed the water to stand and moisten the soil like the ‘khadins’ in Jaisalmer and ‘Johads’ in other parts of
Rajasthan.
• Tankas - underground tanks ro tankas for storing drinking water.
• In Bikaner, phalodi and Barmer. The tanks could be as large as a big room.
• Roof top rainwater harvesting as drinking water.
• The first spell of rain was usually not collected as this would clean the roofs and the pipes.
• Rain water called as Palar Pani.
• Many houses constructed underground rooms adjoining the ‘tankas’ to beat the summer heat as it would
keep the room cool.
• Some houses still maintain the tanks since they do not like the taste of tap water.
• In Gendathur, a remote backward village in Mysore, Karnataka, villagers have installed, in their house
hold’s roof top, rainwater harvesting system to meet their water needs.
• Dams are built to impound rivers and rainwater that could be used later to irrigate agricultural fields.
• Dams are built not just for irrigation but for electricity generation, water supply for domestic and industrial
uses, flood control, recreation, inland navigation and fish breeding. Hence, dams are now referred to as
multi-purpose projects. For example, in the Sutluj-Beas river basin, the Bhakra
• Nangal project water is being used both for hydel power production and irrigation. Similarly, the Hirakud
project in the Mahanadi basin integrates conservation of water with flood control.
ASSIGNMENT

Q.1. In which parts of India rooftop rainwater harvesting is common?

Ans. Rooftop rainwater harvesting is mainly prevalent in Rajasthan, Meghalaya and Karnataka ru

Q.2. Define the term Tankas.


Ans. Tankas are the underground tanks for storing drinking water

Q.3. Define the term rainwater harvesting. State any five objectives of rainwater harvesting.
Ans.
Rainwater harvesting is a technique of increasing the recharge of groundwater by capturing and storing rainwater
by constructing structures, such as dug wells, percolation pits, check dams. The objectives of rainwater harvesting
are:
(i) To meet the increasing demand.
(ii) To reduce run-off.
(iii) To avoid flooding of roads.
(iv) To raise groundwater level.
(v) To improve the quality of ground water.

Q.4 Explain the rooftop rainwater harvesting technique


Ans. (i) Rooftop rainwater is collected using a PVC pipe.
(ii) Collected water is filtered using sand and bricks.
(iii) Underground pipe is used to take the water to the sump for immediate usage.
(iv) Excess water from the sump is taken to the well.
(v) Water from the well recharges the underground water.

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