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DATABASE CONCEPT - ITTools

This document discusses database concepts and tools. It defines key terms like database, record, table, and database management system. It then provides examples of common database applications like banking, airlines, universities, and more. The document also describes three levels of abstraction in databases: physical, logical, and view levels. It defines instances and schemas and lists some common examples of database management systems like SQL Server, Microsoft Access, IBM DB2, MySQL, and Oracle. Finally, it distinguishes between data definition language (DDL) and data manipulation language (DML) and defines structured query language (SQL).

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Abby Gail Tiongson
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56 views3 pages

DATABASE CONCEPT - ITTools

This document discusses database concepts and tools. It defines key terms like database, record, table, and database management system. It then provides examples of common database applications like banking, airlines, universities, and more. The document also describes three levels of abstraction in databases: physical, logical, and view levels. It defines instances and schemas and lists some common examples of database management systems like SQL Server, Microsoft Access, IBM DB2, MySQL, and Oracle. Finally, it distinguishes between data definition language (DDL) and data manipulation language (DML) and defines structured query language (SQL).

Uploaded by

Abby Gail Tiongson
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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IT Tools Reviewer |1

DATABASE CONCEPT Database Applications


Database – collection of integrated data or records 1. Banking: transactions
Record - 2. Airlines: reservations, schedules
Table - 3. Universities: registration, grades
Database come in a variety of sizes 4. Sales: customers, products, purchases
 Ex: collection of phone numbers (simple) 5. Online retailers: order tracking, recommendations
 Ex: commercial – grade system holding millions of 6. Manufacturing: prod., inventory orders, supply chain
records (complex) 7. Human Resources: employee records, salaries, taxes
Personal database designed for single users on a single In the early days, database applications were built directly
computer. on top of file systems.
Public Workgroup Database designed for commercial use Levels of Abstraction
w/in an organization that has very focused workgroup. 1. Physical Level: describes how a record (instruction
Concurrency – public workgroup database, larger is stored)
than personal and can handle multiple users 2. Logical Level: describes data stored in database
accessing same data at the same time. and the relationships among data
Database Management 3. View Level: application programs hide details of
A database management system (DBMS) is a software data types. Views can also hide information (such
package designed to define, manipulate, retrieve and as employer’s salary) for security purposes.
manage data in a database. A DBMS generally
manipulates the data itself, the data format, field names,
record structure and file structure. It also defines rules to
validate and manipulate this data.
Examples:
 SQL Server
o a software product with the primary function of
storing and retrieving data as requested by other
software applications—which may run either on
the same computer or on another computer across
a network.
 Microsoft Access
o combines the relational Microsoft Jet Database
Engine with a graphical user interface and
software-development tools.
 IBM DB2
o a family of data management products that helps
you more effectively manage structured and
unstructured data in on-premises and cloud
environments.
 MySQL
o open-source relational database management
system (Structured Query Language)
 Oracle
o proprietary multi-model database management
system produced and marketed by Oracle
Corporation.
DBMS – contains info about particular enterprise
 Collection of interrelated data
 Set of programs to access the data Instances and Schemas (similar to types and variables in
 An environment that is both convenient and programming languages)
efficient to use
IT Tools Reviewer |2

1. Logical Schema - the overall logical structure of schema which do not also contain
the database sufficient metadata. Thus, makes it
2. Physical Schema overall physical structure of almost impossible to manage or automate
database the data.
3. Instance- actual content of database at a e. Network and Hierarchal Model
particular point in time  Network Data Model is a type of data
4. Physical Data Interdependence – the ability to model where entities are illustrated in a
modify the physical schema w/o changing graphical representation of which
entities can be accessed through
different paths.
Data Models
- A collection of tools for describing data, data
 Hierarchal Data Model is a type of
relationships, data semantics, data constraints
data model where entities have a root
- Relational model
and several branches and stems like
- Entity-Relationship data models (for database trees. This root is sometimes called the
design) parent entity.
- Object-based data models (Object Oriented and
Object Institutional)
- Semi structured data models 2. Difference between DDL and DM
- Network model The key difference between the Data
- Hierarchal model Definition Language and Data Manipulation
Language is that the former is used to define
Homework # 1 the structure of a database or simply put, to
1. Definition of terms create a table or relation while the latter’s
a. Relational Model is one of the methods function is used to edit the table created by
of organizing data where the data are DDL.
illustrated in terms of tuples, clustered
BASIS DDL DML
into relations. It is a method which
follows the first-order predicate logic.
Basic DDL is used to DML is used
First-order logic is a language that
create the to populate
enhances information about objects in a
database and
more concise way and present the
schema. manipulate
relationship between the objects.
database
b. Entity - Relationship Model is a
Full Form Data Definition Data
graphical diagram of entities and its
Language Manipulation
relationship with one another. This is very
Language
useful in computing organization of data
within databases. It has four types of
Classificat DDL is not DML is further
relationships: One-to-One, One-to-Many,
ion classified further. classified as
Many-to-One, and Many-to-Many.
Procedural
and Non-
c. Object – Based Data Model is a type of
Procedural
data model that is more focused on
DMLs.
complex real-world problems illustration.
Both data and their relationships are
Command CREATE, ALTER, SELECT,
contained in a single diagram or structure
s DROP, INSERT,
known as an object.
TRUNCATE AND UPDATE,
COMMENT and DELETE,
d. Semi – Structured Data Model is a RENAME, etc. MERGE, CALL,
type of data model that is deviant to any etc.
other types of data model but has some
structure. It also does not have a fixed 3. Definition of SQL
IT Tools Reviewer |3

SQL stands for Structured Query


Language that functions with Relational
Database - the most commonly used data
model. This can be used to insert, search,
update and delete database records. In
addition to that, it also functions as an
optimization and maintenance tool of
database.
In addition, SQL in relational databases
makes data storage and management mature.
As well as keep confidential data hidden from
unauthorized users.

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