ENERGY SUPPLY POWER 6

AT A GLANCE
The installed generation capacity of power utilities in India,
as on 31 March 2013, was 223.34 GW and gross generation
in 2012/13 was 907 billion units.

Coal accounted for more than 75% of the total capacity Introduction
addition during 2012/13.
During 2012/13, the power sector in India witnessed
The energy shortage in the country was recorded at 8.7%, a capacity addition of 23 467  MW, leading to
while the peak deficit was recorded at 9% during 2012/13. the total installed capacity of 223 344 MW as on
31 March 2013. The installed capacity in India
Total volume of short-term transactions of electricity as continues to be dominated by thermal power, with
percentage of total electricity generation was around 11% a share of 68% in the total installed capacity. Coal
in 2012/13. continues to be the mainstay of total generation,
accounting for nearly 85% of the total thermal
Nineteen states have unbundled their state electricity
installed capacity in the country. With a major share
boards (SEBs). Only Kerala and Jharkhand have not yet
unbundled their electricity boards. in the installed capacity, thermal resources continue
to contribute the largest share (84%) in electricity
The all-India transmission and distribution losses during generation. The Indian power sector continues to
2010/11 were 23.97% as compared to 25.39% in 2009/10. face energy and peak shortages. The requirement
of electrical energy has been anticipated to grow
The Ministry of Power has released the “Smart Grid Vision by 8.5% during the Twelfth Five-Year Plan period
and Roadmap for India”, which covers targets for the (MoP 2012a).
Twelfth, Thirteenth, and Fourteenth Five-Year Plan periods
from 2012 to 2027.
Generation
Installed capacity
The total installed generating capacity of utilities
in India has increased from 199 877 MW (as on
31 March 2012) to 223 344 MW (as on 31 March
2013), representing an increase of 11.75% during
2012/13 as against 15% during 2011/12. At
present, the installed capacity comprises 151 530
MW of thermal power (coal, gas, and diesel),
39 491 MW of hydropower, 4780 MW of nuclear
power, and 27 542 MW of renewable sources.
There has not been a significant change in the fuel
Energy supply

mix of installed generating capacity in 2012/13 as Electricity generation

compared to 2011/12. The break-up of installed
Thermal generation continues to be the mainstay
capacity by source is shown in Figure 1.
of the total power generation in the country,
Out of the total installed capacity, the highest
contributing more than 80% of the total power
share continues to be contributed by the state sector
generation for many years. During 2012/13,
(39.9%), followed by the central sector (30.8%);
thermal contributed nearly 84% (760 billion units
the private sector contributed the rest (29.3%).
[BU]) of the total power generated in the country.
Private participation in the power sector has been
Hydropower (113 BU) and nuclear power (32 BU)
increasing tremendously over the past few years.
contributed the remaining share of electricity
The private sector witnessed the highest growth
generation. Figure 3 shows the trend in electricity
rate (27%) and contributed to more than 60% of
generation by source.
the total installed capacity addition of 33 467 MW
The power stations in the central sector generated
during 2012/13. The central and state sectors
the maximum share (41.4%) of total electricity.
contributed 24% and 14%, respectively. Figure
State and private sector generating stations
2 shows the comparison of installed capacity by
contributed 38.3% and 20.3%, respectively, as
sector in 2011/12 and 2012/13.
shown in Figure 4.

Gas (9.0%) Per cent

Diesel (0.5%) 100
18 16 14 14 15 12
2 3 4 4
80 2 2

Hydro (17.7%) 60

40 80 82 84 83 81 84

20
Nuclear (2.1%)
0
RES (12.3%)
08

11

12

13
-1
-0

-
-
-

10
09

12
11
07

08

20

20

20
20
20

20

FY

FY

FY
FY
FY

FY

Coal (58.4%)
Thermal Nuclear Hydro

Figure 1  Installed capacity by source (as on

31 March 2013) Figure 3  Trend in electricity generation by source
(Totalling to 99.9%) (2007/08–2012/13)
Source CEA (2013a) Source CEA (2013c)

MW
100000
89125
85919 State sector (38.3%)
80000
65360 68859
59683
60000 54276
Private sector (20.3%)
40000

20000
Central sector (41.4%)
0
Central sector State sector Private sector
2011/12 2012/13

Figure 4  Electricity generation by sector (as on

Figure 2  Installed capacity by sector (2011/12 31 March 2013)
versus 2012/13) Note  Excluding imports from Bhutan/Nepal
Source CEA (2013b) Source  CEA (2013d)

104 TERI Energy & Environment Data Directory and Yearbook 2013/14
 Power

Captive generation
The installed capacity of captive generation in the
country has been gradually increasing over the past
few years. The all-India installed capacity in captive
plants of 1 MW capacity and above increased to
Gas (12.75%)
34 444 MW in 2010/11 from 31 517 MW in
2009/10. The growth during 2010/11 (9.25%) was Wind (0.75%)
slow as compared to that of 2009/10 (18%). Coal Hydro (0.1%)
and diesel sources continue to dominate the installed
Diesel (6.4%)
capacity in captive generation, accounting for 55%
and 28%, respectively, of the total installed capacity Coal (80%)
of captive plants in the country. Figure 5 shows a
comparison of the captive generation installed
capacity by source during 2009/10 and 2010/11.
The electricity generated from captive generating Figure 6  Captive generation by source
units during 2010/11 was 120 BU as against Source CEA (2012b)
106 BU in 2009/10, representing a growth of
around 13%. The prominent source of generation
in captive plant continues to be coal, accounting Plant load factor
for 80% of the total generation from captive plants. The plant load factor (PLF) has declined by more
Figure 6 shows captive generation of electricity by than 3% in 2012/13 (70%) as compared to 2011/12
source. (73.3%). All the sectors have seen a decline in the
During 2010/11, dominant industries that PLF of power stations. While the decline in PLF
utilized energy from captive plants in the country was by 2.4% and 2.9% in the case of state and
were from the iron and steel sector, which utilized central sectors, the private sector has witnessed a
25% of the total, followed by aluminium (21%). decline of more than 12% during 2012/13. Figure 7
shows the trend in annual PLF with a break-up of
the central, state, and private thermal stations.

Per cent
100
MW
20000 19111 90
17183
80
15000 70
60
10000 9457 9655
50

5054 40
5000 4368
30
2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13
55 57 454 567
0 Central sector State sector
Hydro Wind Gas Diesel Coal
Private sector All India
2009/10 2010/11

Figure 7  Trend in annual plant load factor with

Figure 5  Captive generation installed capacity by a break-up of central, state, and private thermal
source (2009/10 versus 2010/11) stations (2007/08–2012/13)
Source CEA (2012a) Source CEA (2013e)

TERI Energy & Environment Data Directory and Yearbook 2013/14 105
Energy supply

Transmission and distribution

Per cent
India’s extensive network of lines covers 3 506 730 45
circuit km operating at various voltage levels, and 40 38.56
37.03
the length of distribution lines up to 500 V is 35
4 858 571 circuit km. Table 1 gives the comparison 30
30.21 29.87 29.70
26.57
of length of lines operating at various voltage levels 25
25.77
22.50
25.39
23.97

in India during 2009/10 and 2010/11. Most of the 20 18.50

transmission lines added are at the 15/11 kV level 15.81
15
and constitute around 76% of the total lines. The
10
growth rate of transmission and distribution lines
5
during 2010/11 was around 7.2%.
0

rn

rn

ia
er

ter

ter

In d
Transmission and distribution losses

he

s te
th

as
ut
We

Ea
r

All
No

-e
So

r th
No
Electricity sold to various classes of consumers
during 2010/11 was 617 BU, and electricity FY 2009-10 FY 2010-11
exported outside India was around 128 million
units (MU). The electricity lost in transformation, Figure 8  System losses by region (2009/10 versus
transmission, and distribution system, including 2010/11)
electricity unaccounted, was around 194 BU, Source  CEA (2012d)
representing 23.97% of the total available electricity
in 2010/11 as against 25.39% in 2009/10, indicating
a decline in percentage loss. in system losses by around 2.75%. The national
The southern region continued to keep system average of percentage loss (23.97%) declined
losses lowest at around 15.8%, followed by western by around 1.5%. Figure 8 shows a comparison
(22.5%), eastern (29.7%), and northern (29.8%) of system losses by region during 2009/10 and
regions. The losses in the north-eastern region, 2010/11.
which were the highest, stood at 37.03%. The Jammu and Kashmir had the highest system
north-eastern region, although showed maximum losses in the country at a staggering 63.27%,
losses like the previous year, witnessed a reduction followed by Bihar and Manipur with around 50%
losses each. During 2010/11, Dadra and Nagar
Haveli continued to lead in terms of having the
Table 1  Length of lines (in circuit km) in India operating at lowest levels of system losses (10%), followed by
various voltage levels (2009/10 versus 2010/11) Puducherry (12.41%).
Voltage 2009/10 2010/11
800 kV 3 332 3 341 Consumption
HVDC 6 428 8 008
The all-India energy sales during 2010/11 were
400 kV 83 624 90 731 617 BU. The industrial sector continues to be
230/220 kV 123 052 128 267 the highest consumer, accounting for 36.5% of
132/110/90 kV 142 039 146 790 the total electricity sold by utilities, followed by
domestic (25%) and agriculture (20.5%). The
78/66 kV 51 024 52 668
sales increased by 8% in 2010/11 as compared to
33/22 kV 349 953 372 501 2009/10. The per capita consumption of electricity
15/11 kV 2 438 962 2 676 229 works out to be 818.75 kWh for 2010/11 as against
6.6/3.3/2.2 kV 22 422 28 195 778.63 kWh in 2009/10.
Distribution lines up to 500 V 4 580 262 4 858 571
Consumers and connected load
Total (all India) 7 801 098 8 365 301
During 2010/11, 25.76 million additional electricity
HVDC – high-voltage direct current
Source  CEA (2012c) connections were released, taking the total tally of

106 TERI Energy & Environment Data Directory and Yearbook 2013/14
 Power

electricity connections in India to 234.98 million as

MW Percentage
on 31 March 2011. The domestic sector continued 160000 18.0
to have the highest number of consumers, followed 140000 16.0
by commercial and agricultural sectors. 14.0
120000
As on 31 March 2011, the total connected load 12.0
100000
in the country was 477 GW, up from 407 GW 10.0
80000
as on 31 March 2010, recording an increase of 8.0
60000
17%. Figure 9 shows consumer connected load by 6.0
40000
category, as on 31 March 2011. 4.0
20000
The domestic category, which accounted for 2.0
37% of the total connected load, emerged as 0 0

3
-1
-1

-1
-1
-0

-0
the single largest consumer category in terms of

10
09

12
11
07

08

20

20

20
20
20

20
connected load, followed by the industrial (26%),
agricultural (20%), and commercial (11%) sectors Peak demand (MW) Peak met (MW)
Percentage shortage (%)
during 2010/11.
Figure 10  Trend in peak deficit (2007/08–2012/13)
Power supply position Source  CEA (2013f)

Although India has a large capacity of 223 344 MW,

the demand is far higher, which is growing in terms 2012/13. Figure 11 shows the trend in energy
of both energy and peak demand. There has been deficit over the past six years.
a considerable improvement in the peak deficit
situation during last year. Peak deficit has come Power and Indian planning
down from 11% in 2011/12 to 9% in 2012/13.
Peak electricity demand and energy requirement
In absolute terms, the peak deficit has reduced
for the current five-year plan, that is, the Twelfth
by 2244 MW. Figure 10 shows the trend in peak
Five-Year Plan (2012–17), have been estimated
deficit over the past six years.
to be 199 540 MW and 1355 BU, respectively.
While there has been an improvement in the
For the Twelfth Five-Year Plan period, the energy
power supply position during peak, the energy
requirements have been anticipated to grow at a
deficit has remained almost constant in 2012/13 at
8.7% as against 8.5% in the previous year. There
was an overall energy shortage of 86 905 MU during Percentage
MU
1200000 12.0

Commercial (12%) 1000000 10.0

Industrial (LV and MV) (11%)
800000 8.0
Industrial (HV) (15%)
Public lighting (1%)
Traction (1%) 600000 6.0

400000 4.0
Agriculture (20%)
200000 2.0

0 0
08

11

12

13
-1
-0

-
-
-

10

Public water works (1%)

09

12
11
07

08

20

20

20
20
20

20

Miscellaneous (2%)
Domestic (37%) Energy requirement (MU) Energy availability (MU)
Percentage shortage

Figure 9  Consumer connected load by category (as Figure 11  Trend in energy deficit (2007/08–
on 31 March 2013) 2012/13)
Source  CEA (2012e) Source  CEA (2013g)

TERI Energy & Environment Data Directory and Yearbook 2013/14 107
Energy supply

rate of 8.5% and the growth rate for peak demand state sector (17.6%). Key features of the Twelfth
has been anticipated to be 9.5% (MoP 2012a). Five-Year Plan with regard to power generation are
Corresponding to the 9% gross domestic given in Box 1.
product growth rate during the Twelfth Five-Year
Plan period, a capacity addition requirement of Policies, programmes, and regulations
75 785 MW has been estimated. However, to
bridge the gap between peak demand and peak • Central Electricity Regulatory Commission
availability and to provide for faster retirement of (Open Access in Inter-state Transmission)
the old energy-inefficient plants, the target for the (Second Amendment) Regulations, 2013
Twelfth Five-Year Plan has been fixed at 88 537 • Central Electricity Regulatory Commission
MW. In addition, it has also been planned to add a (Terms and Conditions for Recognition and
grid-interactive renewable capacity of about 30 000 Issuance of Renewable Energy Certificate
MW, comprising 15 000 MW wind, 10 000 MW for Renewable Energy Generation) (Second
solar, 2100 MW small hydro, and the rest primarily Amendment) Regulations, 2013
from biomass. Table 2 gives the planned capacity • Central Electricity Regulatory Commission
addition for the Twelfth Five-Year Plan. (Procedure, Terms, and Conditions for Grant
Of the 88 537 MW capacity addition targeted of Trading License and Other Related Matters)
to be achieved in the Twelfth Five-Year Plan, (Second Amendment) Regulations, 2013
24 055 MW has already been achieved till August • Central Electricity Regulatory Commission
2013. Thermal power accounts for 23 423 MW, (Grant of Connectivity, Long-term Access,
which is 97% of the total capacity addition. The and Medium-term Open Access in Inter-state
private sector has contributed maximum (59.8%), Transmission and Related Matters) (Third
followed by the central sector (22.6%) and the Amendment) Regulations, 2013

Table 2  Capacity addition target (in MW) for the Twelfth Five-Year Plan by sector and source
   Hydro Thermal Nuclear Total
  Coal Lignite Gas
Central sector 6 004 13 800 250 828 5 300 26 182

State sector 1 608 12 210 0 1 712 0 15 530

Private sector 3 285 43 270 270 0 0 46 825

Renewable energy sources 30 000

Total 10 897 69 280 520 2 540 5 300 118 537

Source  Planning Commission (2012)

Box 1  Key features of the Twelfth Five-Year Plan

The key features of the Twelfth Five-Year Plan are as follows:
• Target of adding 118 537 MW of generation capacity.
• Target generation has been regarded as 1403 BU. The share of renewables (from the present 6% to 9%) and nuclear (from
the present 3% to 5%) in electricity generated is set to increase.
• R&M and life extension to continue in the Twelfth Five-Year Plan.
• Capacity addition of around 13 000 MW of captive power is likely to be commissioned during the Twelfth Five-Year Plan.
• Planned to start up 2000 MW of peaking gas-based plants.
• A total of about 107 440 circuit km of transmission lines, 270 000 MVA of AC transformer capacity, and 12 750 MW of
high-voltage direct current systems are estimated as needed during the Twelfth Five-Year Plan.
• National grid likely to be created by January 2014.
• Total investment requirement under the Restructured Accelerated Power Development and Reforms Programme has been
identified as `3000 billion
Source  Twelfth Five-Year Plan (2012–17); Economic Sectors Volume II

108 TERI Energy & Environment Data Directory and Yearbook 2013/14
 Power

• Central Electricity Regulatory Commission to 23 756 863 rural households, including

(Terms and Conditions of Tariff) (Third 21 181 485 below poverty line (BPL) households.
Amendment) Regulations, 2012 During 2012/13, 2587 villages were electrified
• Central Electricity Regulatory Commission with the release of 1 298 295 connections to BPL
(Standards of Performance of Inter-state households as on 30 June 2013.
Transmission Licensees) Regulations, 2012
• Model State Electricity Distribution Development of power exchanges
Management Responsibility Bill, 2013
Ever since the setting up of the two power
• Smart Grid Vision and Roadmap for India
exchanges—Indian Energy Exchange (IEX) and
Power Exchange India Limited (PXIL)—in 2008,
Status of power sector reforms the volume of transactions through these exchanges
has seen an increasing trend. From 2.5 BU in
Restructured Accelerated Power Development 2008/09, the volume of transactions has increased
and Reforms Programme to 23.5 BU in 2012/13.
The Restructured Accelerated Power Development During 2012/13, the total volume of short-term
and Reforms Programme (RAPDRP)1 was started transactions was 99 BU of which 23.5 BU were
in 2008 with the focus on a positive performance through power exchanges. Of the total transactions
in terms of aggregate technical and commercial through power exchanges, 22.8 BU were through
(AT&C) loss reduction during the Eleventh IEX and 0.7 BU were through PXIL. Figure 12
Five-Year Plan. Now the programme has been shows the trend in the weighted average price of
extended to the Twelfth Five-Year Plan with electricity during 2012/13. It can be seen that the
some states not being able to implement the prices have followed almost an identical trend in
programme completely. The programme included both power exchanges, except in the months of
determination and verification of baseline AT&C April–May. In the IEX, the prices have increased
losses, establishment of information technology marginally from `3.19/kWh in April 2012 to
applications for energy accounting and auditing `3.68/kWh in March 2013. In the PXIL, the prices
and strengthening of distribution and transmission have declined considerably from `4.7/kWh in April
systems, distribution strengthening projects, 2012 to `2.7/kWh in April 2013.
capacity building, and so on.
The RAPDRP had been sanctioned for 1402
towns of which 1305 towns have been ring fenced. `/kWh
AT&C losses have been verified in over 685 towns. 5.00
4.50
Initial baseline AT&C losses have been established 4.00
in all towns in Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, 3.50
Karnataka, Rajasthan, Himachal Pradesh, and 3.00
Chhattisgarh. During 2012/13, overall sanctions 2.50
2.00
of ` 323 250 million have been made and `63 050 1.50
million have been disbursed. 1.00
0.50
0.00
Rajiv Gandhi Grameen Vidyutikaran Yojana
y 2
ne 12

A , 2
pt st, 2
Oc er, 12
ve r, 2
ce r, 2 2
Ja er, 2 2
Fe ary 2

Ma y, 2 3
rch 013

3
ua 01

01
Ma 201

Ju 01
Se ugu 201

No tobe 201
De mbe 201
1
nu 01
Ju , 20

b 0

mb 0

br , 2

,2
,2

em 2

All states, except Delhi and Goa, have signed

ril,

l y

r
Ap

agreements under the Rajiv Gandhi Grameen

Vidyutikaran Yojana (RGGVY).2 Ever since its
launch in April 2005, the cumulative achievement IEX PXIL
of this scheme till 31 August 2013 has been
electrification of 107 531 un-electrified villages, Figure 12  Trend in the weighted average price of
intensive electrification in 299 997 already electricity traded in power exchanges (2012/13)
Source  CERC (2013)
electrified villages, and release of free connections
1
Details available at <www.apdrp.gov.in>
2
Details available at <http://rggvy.gov.in/rggvy/rggvyportal/index.html>

TERI Energy & Environment Data Directory and Yearbook 2013/14 109
Energy supply

Reorganization of state electricity boards New developments

Most of the states have reorganized their state Status of renovation and modernization of
electricity boards, including Odisha, Karnataka, thermal power plants
Andhra Pradesh, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh,
Uttarakhand, Rajasthan, Delhi, Gujarat, Madhya During the Eleventh Five-Year Plan (2007–12),
Pradesh, Assam, Chhattisgarh, Maharashtra, West renovation and modernization (R&M) and life
Bengal, Tamil Nadu, Meghalaya, Punjab, Himachal extension (LE) works of thermal power plants
Pradesh, and Bihar. Jharkhand also has recently contributed to 5400 MU (per annum) of additional
unbundled its board into four utility companies. generation and benefit of around 820 MW.
Now, only Kerala remains to be unbundle its Under the Twelfth Five-Year Plan, LE and R&M
electricity board. works for 135 units with a combined capacity of
29 637 MW have been planned. During 2012/13,
Operationalization of open access LE works have been completed in three units with
a combined capacity of 326 MW. R&M works
Open access is one of the key features of the have been completed in 6 units with a combined
Electricity Act 2003 and is fully operational in capacity of 960 MW.
inter-state transmission. To give a fresh impetus Table 3 gives the achievement of R&M/LE
to the implementation of open access over programme during the Twelfth Five-Year Plan up to
transmission lines and distribution networks of 30 June 2013. Also, there are various programmes
state utilities, the Ministry of Power (MoP) has for R&M/LE works that have been undertaken
decided that non-discriminatory open access in with external cooperation, including KfW-funded
intra-state transmission and distribution would be programmes, Technical Assistance to CEA funded
provided as per the provisions of the Electricity Act by World Bank under the umbrella project Coal
2003 and national policies. Many states, including Fired Generation Rehabilitation Project–India,
Maharashtra, Bihar, Odisha, Gujarat, Jharkhand, and Japan–India Cooperation Programme for Pre-
Jammu and Kashmir, and Andhra Pradesh, have primary Study of Efficiency and Environmental
notified their regulations related to intra-state open Improvement of Coal-fired Stations.
access and its operations. A large number of open
access transactions are being undertaken through Status of renovation and modernization of
power exchanges. At the end of March 2013, 2110
hydropower plants
and 336 open access consumers were procuring
part of their power requirements through the IEX During the Eleventh Five-Year Plan (2007–12),
and the PXIL, respectively. R&M and LE works of hydropower plants led to
a benefit of around 735 MW. During the Twelfth
Amendments in tariff policy Five-Year Plan, a total of 39 hydro R&M schemes
There have been no amendments in the Tariff (5 in the central sector and 34 in the state sector),
Policy this year. The Working Group on Power for having an installed capacity of about 6981 MW
the Twelfth Five-Year Plan specified some issues and which will accrue a benefit of about 2342 MW
(including cross-subsidy surcharge, trading margin, through uprating, LE, and restoration are expected
availability-based tariff) that may require review of to be completed at an estimated cost of about
some clauses in the existing Tariff Policy. These `33 020 million. Under the Twelfth Five-Year
relate to amendments in Para 5.1(d), 6.4, 7.1(6), Plan, till June 2013, four projects under the state
8.3, 8.5, and 8.5.6 of the present Tariff Policy. The sector with a total installed capacity of 990.60
central government has decided to consider these MW have been completed with an expenditure of
recommendations of the Working Group under `625.7 million and have accrued a benefit of 100
Section 3(3) of the Electricity Act 2003. MW (CEA 2013i).

110 TERI Energy & Environment Data Directory and Yearbook 2013/14
 Power

Table 3   LE/R&M programmes completed during Twelfth Five-Year Plan up to 30 June 2013
Particular State Central Total
  Number of units Capacity (MW) Number of units Capacity (MW) Number of units Capacity (MW)

LE works completed 2 220 1 106 3 326

R&M works 5 850 1 110 6 960
Total 7 1 070 2 216 9 1 286
LE – life extension; R&M – renovation and modernization
Source  CEA (2013h)

Smart grid initiatives in India State Electricity Distribution Company Limited),

and Kerala (Kerala State Electricity Board) are
During the past couple of years, several programmes also implementing smart grid pilot projects with
and policy initiatives have been taken towards the various functionalities and objectives with a view to
development of smart electric grid in India. One of assess the impact of using these technologies and
the most important initiatives taken by the MoP has up scaling to a large supply area.
been the RAPDRP. Further, the Government of
India has established the India Smart Grid Task Planned smart grid projects in the distribution
Force (ISGTF)3 and the India Smart Grid Forum
sector of India
(ISGF)4 for the development and deployment of
smart grid related activities in India. Based on the recommendation of the ISGTF,
the MoP has recently approved 14 smart grid
Current smart grid projects in the distribution pilot projects (January 2013) in various states to
sector of India showcase the relevance of smart grid on different
aspects. Map 1 shows the cities and utilities where
The Power Grid Corporation of India Limited, in these 14 projects are being carried out. These
collaboration with the Government of Puducherry, 14 pilots are expected to help technology section
is implementing a Smart City Project. This includes guides and business case developments for larger
demonstration of smart grid technologies and projects in the next phase. Multiple functionalities
functionalities such as smart meters, Meter Data such as advanced metering infrastructure, outage
Management System, and Outage Management management system, peak load management, and
System in the distribution sector. The Energy and renewable energy integrations have been included
Resources Institute (TERI) has developed a first in these pilot projects. It has been proposed that
of its kind renewable-energy-based Smart Mini- 50% of the pilot project cost will be provided by the
grid System in India, which incorporates optimum MoP as grant to the distribution utilities.
utilization of power generated from renewable
energy sources at different operating conditions
International cooperation in power sector
for ensuring the supply of reliable and good quality
power. The integration of Indian electricity grid with
Further, distribution utilities in various states neighbouring countries would result in optimization
such as Delhi (Tata Power Delhi Distribution of electricity resources on a large scale, energy
Limited), West Bengal (West Bengal State security and economic benefits to the countries,
Electricity Distribution Company Limited), and so on. India is already importing power
Karnataka (Bangalore Electricity Supply Company from Bhutan. Imports of power from Bhutan are
Limited and Mangalore Electricity Supply expected to increase with an increase in the capacity
Company Limited), Maharashtra (Maharashtra of Bhutan by more than 2500 MW by 2015–17.

3
Details available at <www.isgtf.in>
4
Details available at <http://indiasmartgrid.org/en/Pages/Index.aspx>

TERI Energy & Environment Data Directory and Yearbook 2013/14 111
Energy supply

Map 1  Ministry of Power approved 14 smart grid pilot projects

Source http://indiansmartgrid.org/en/pages/index.aspx

112 TERI Energy & Environment Data Directory and Yearbook 2013/14
 Power

Bilateral exchange of power between India of power from the NTPC Vidyut Vyapar Nigam
and Nepal started in 1971 with the exchange of (NVVN) Limited to Bangladesh is expected
5 MW of power, which is around 50 MW now. For to commence soon under the power purchase
further exchange on a bulk scale, the Dhalkebar– agreement of 250 MW signed between the NVVN
Muzaffarpur 400 kV, 130 km line has been and the Bangladesh Power Development Board on
planned. It has been planned to increase the grid 28 February 2012.
interconnection capacity with Nepal by 500 MW. The feasibility of establishing an HVDC
An electrical grid interconnection between transmission system of 1000 MW capacity
India and Bangladesh is being developed for between India and Sri Lanka using overhead
facilitating exchange of power up to 500 MW lines and undersea cables from Madurai in India
through a 400 kV Baharampur (India)–Bheramara to Anuradhapura in Sri Lanka is being studied.
(Bangladesh) 125 km line along with a 500 MW This India–Sri Lanka transmission is tentatively
high-voltage direct current (HVDC) back-to- envisaged to be a +400 kV HVDC bi-pole line
back asynchronous link at Bheramara. The supply (MoP 2012b).

Green energy corridor

India has a huge potential of electricity generation from renewable energy (RE) resources such as wind, sunlight, and water.
RE sources presently account for around 12% of the installed capacity in India, which is envisaged to increase to 17% (55 GW)
by the end of the Twelfth Five-Year Plan. RE resources are generally located in remote locations and confined to a few states
only, including Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, and Himachal Pradesh. These
states contribute to the majority of the total RE capacity installations in the country.
Till recently, the quantum of RE power was small, and it was presumed that connectivity with the nearest grid substation
of the state transmission utility would suffice for power evacuation and the RE power could be consumed locally. However,
in future scenarios, it is envisaged that home states would not be able to consume RE power within the state and hence it
would have to be transmitted to other states. Therefore, the development of a well-knit transmission system, both intra- and
inter-state transmission system, along with the provision of adequate dynamic reactive power compensation systems, energy
storage, and communications and control systems, is necessary for the absorption of this RE power in the grid.
Recognizing this, the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy and the Forum of Regulators/Central Electricity Regulatory
Commission entrusted the Power Grid Corporation of India Limited (PGCIL) to identify transmission infrastructure
requirements for RE capacity addition proposed under the Twelfth Plan. The PGCIL has come up with a transmission plan for
the envisaged RE capacity—Green Energy Corridor—including the estimation of capital expenditure requirement and financing
and implementing strategy.
Under this plan, various measures have been identified to facilitate transfer and absorption of RE power, including
transmission system strengthening, establishment of RE management centre with functionalities such as forecasting,
security assessment, performance evaluation, fibre optic communication link, and Phasor Measurement Unit/ Phasor Data
Concentrator for real-time monitoring and control, dynamic reactive compensation, as well as energy storage system.

TERI Energy & Environment Data Directory and Yearbook 2013/14 113
Energy supply

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114 TERI Energy & Environment Data Directory and Yearbook 2013/14