144 DIPED-2010 Proceedings

COMPACT CPW- FED ANTENNA WITH SEMICIRCLE ON TWO

RECTANGULAR PATCHES FOR WLAN APPLICATION

Sk. Riyaz Hussain1, Sk. Kareemulla2 and D. Sriram Kumar3

1 2
, MTech student, 3 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering
National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, Tamilnadu, INDIA
E-mail: [email protected], [email protected]

Abstract - This paper presents a CPW-fed antenna with a semicircle placed on two
rectangular patches for WLAN application. This Antenna satisfies the licensed
frequency band (5.15 to 5.95 GHz) having return loss lower than -10 dB. The antenna
is designed on a substrate with dielectric constant εr=4.4. The size of the antenna is
16.2mmx16.1mmx1.2mm. The effects of shape, length, size, and location of feeding
point, substrate and their thickness have been evaluated. Obtained 2D radiation
patterns with elevation, VSWR, return loss, gain, and antenna efficiency are discussed.
The simulation results of this antenna are analyzed by using Method of Moment
(MoM) from IE3D software.

Key words - CPW- fed antenna, wireless LAN applications.

I. INTRODUCTION
With the development of the modern supply chain, radio frequency identification
(RFID) and wireless local area network (WLAN) systems have been paid more and
more attention, and have a huge potential market. Several frequency bands have been
assigned to RFID and WLAN applications: 125 kHz, 13.56 MHz, 869 MHz, 902–928
MHz, 2.450 (2.400–2.483) GHz and 5.800 (5.725–5.875) GHz. The design of RFID
antenna becomes more complicated and critical when the operating frequency rises
into the microwave region [1]. A design example for providing a wide operating
bandwidth covering the 5 GHz WLAN band (5.15–5.825GHz, wireless local area
network band) or the 5 GHz license-exempt WiMAX band (Worldwide
Interoperability for Microwave Access) which is allocated the 2.5–2.69/3.4–3.69/5.15–
5.85GHz is demonstrated [2]. In the similar way RFID application is seen from
(5.250–5.850) GHz or a resonant frequency at 5.8GHz is considered for RFID[3]
application.

Recently, coplanar waveguide (CPW) transmission lines have been widely used as
feeding networks with slot antenna. CPW lines have many useful design
characteristics such as low radiation leakage, less dispersion, little dependence of the
characteristic impedance on substrate height, and uniplanar configuration. CPW-feed
lines also facilitate parallel as well as series connection of both active and passive
components on one side of the planar substrate thereby eliminating via hole
connections.They also allow easy mounting and integration ,With other microwave
integrated circuits and RF frequency device [4],[5].The shape of the antenna looks like
a semicircle placed on two rectangular patches. Which has a simpler geometry
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structure and less dimensions. We designed the antenna with a bandwidth of ranging
from 4.89GHz to 6.41GHz.

In this paper the proposed antenna exhibits a Voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) of
less than 2 and the Fig 4 and 5 shows the radiation patterns at the resonate frequency
5.31 GHz. The commercial simulator IE3D is used to simulate and optimize the
proposed antenna, Relative Omni directional and stable radiation patterns are
achieved.

II. ANTENNA STRUCTURE AND DESIGN

Fig. 1 Layout of the proposed antenna

In the design of this type of antennas, the width ‘W’ and length ‘L’ play a crucial role
in determining the resonant frequency of the system. The geometrical configuration of
the proposed antenna is shown in Fig.1. The parameters of the antenna are L=16.2,
W=16.1, L1=6, L2=3, L3=9, L4=5, W1=6.3, W2=6.1, W3=1, R=3.8, G=2 and
substrate thickness h=1.2. Its simple structure is based on a one-layer FR4 dielectric
substrate only, which has thickness as h and permittivity of 4.4.
Note: - All dimensions are in mm.

III. SIMULATION RESULTS

A prototype of the novel compact CPW-fed Antenna [6], [7] with semicircle on two
rectangular patches for WLAN band has been simulated. The simulated curve of return
loss for the frequency range 4.89 GHz to 6.41 GHz is lower than -10dB and maximum
return loss i.e. -43dB is observed at 5.31GHz. It is clear from the fig 3 the simulated
voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) of the antenna is less than 2 for frequency bands
which covers the WLAN applications. Hence it is seen that at the resonant frequency
146 DIPED-2010 Proceedings

(5.31GHz) the VSWR is nearly 1.

Fig. 2 Proposed Antenna return loss characteristic

Fig. 3 Proposed Antenna VSWR vs. Frequency

The Figures shows the simulated radiation patterns with Elevation and azimuthal at a
resonate frequency by using ZELAND IE3D software. The simulated radiation
patterns of antenna in the E-plane (XZ-plane) and H-plane (YZ-plane) for 5.37 GHz
are shown in Fig. 4 and Fig. 5. The patterns and other curves have been obtained at the
time of simulation.
DIPED-2010 Proceedings 147

Fig. 4 E-Plane Radiation pattern of the proposed antenna at 5.31GHz

Fig. 5 H-Plane Radiation pattern of the proposed antenna at 5.31GHz

Here in Fig 6, we can see smith chart of the proposed antenna, from which we can
determine the impedance value. Generally we need to consider a value which is nearer
to 50 ohms, and hence we can conclude that this antenna is suitable for this particular
application. So from the obtained smith chart we get a value of 50.9 ohms at 5.31GHz
which is suitable for WLAN application.

Finally the antenna gain is observed and displayed in Fig 6 the antenna gain is
observed at 3.21dBi at 5.31 GHz owing to high return loss. The gain is above 2dBi at
the resonant frequency. The efficiency of the antenna is observed in Fig 7. Here we
can see efficiency of the antenna is 80% at resonant frequency 5.31GHz.
148 DIPED-2010 Proceedings

Fig. 6 Smith chart of the proposed antenna

Fig. 7 Proposed antenna Gain vs. Frequency

Fig. 8 Efficiency vs. frequency curve of the antenna

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IV. CONCLUSION
The proposed antenna performed well over the WLAN [8], [9] frequencies (5.1GHz
– 5.9GHz). The proposed antenna has a compact dimension of 16.2×16.1×1.2mm.
Advantages of this antenna are easy to construct, simple structure, and low cost. Good
radiation characteristics for resonate frequency 5.31 has been obtained. The
fundamental parameters of the antenna such as return loss, VSWR, gain, directivity
[10], [11] are obtained. All meets the acceptable antenna standard and the satisfactory
results are observed.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The authors would like to thank Professor Dr. S.Raghavan (NITT) for his constant
support on this work.

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