Plane and Solid

Geometry

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LEGIT
MULTIVECTOR
Review and Training Center
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PLANE AND SOLID GEOMETRY

Areas of Triangles :

Given base and altitude :

1
A = bh
2

Given two sides and included angle :

1
A = ab sin θ
2

Given two angles and included side :

1 b2 sin A sin C
A= ( )
2 sin B
1 a2 sin B sin C
A= ( )
2 sin A
1 c 2 sin A sin B
A= ( )
2 C

Given the three sides :

Hero’s Formula :
A = √s(s − a)(s − b)(s − c)
where:
a+b+c
s=
2

Plane and Solid Geometry

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PLANE AND SOLID GEOMETRY

Circle Circumscribing a Triangle (Circumcircle)

abc
AT =
4R
ab
d=
hc
where:
R = radius of the circle
AT = area of triangle
d = diameter of circle
hc = altitude of the third side

Circle Inscribed in a Triangle (Incircle)

AT = Rs
where:
a+b+c
s=
2

Circle Excribed in a Triangle (Excircle)

A = R(s − a)

Quadrilaterals

Square :

A = a2
P = 4a

Rectangle :

A = bh
P = 2(b + h )

Plane and Solid Geometry

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 LEGIT MULTIVECTOR REVIEW AND TRAINING CENTER
PLANE AND SOLID GEOMETRY

Parallelogram :

Given base and altitude :

A = bh

Given two sides and included angle :

A = ab sin θ
P = 2a + 2b

Given diagonals and their included angle :

1
A = d1 d2 sin θ
2

Rhombus :

Given base and altitude :

A = ah

Given side and included angle :

A = a2 sin θ
P = 4a

Given diagonals :

1
A = d1 d2
2

Trapezoid :

1
A = (b1 + b2 )h
2

Plane and Solid Geometry

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 LEGIT MULTIVECTOR REVIEW AND TRAINING CENTER
PLANE AND SOLID GEOMETRY

General Quadrilateral (Unequal sides) :

Given diagonals :

1
A = d1 d2 sin θ
2

Given four sides and sum of opposite angles :

Aq = √(s − a)(s − b)(s − c)(s − d) − abcd cos 2 θ

where:
A+C B+D
θ= or θ =
2 2
a+b+c+d
s=
2

Cyclic Quadrilateral :

Aq = √(s − a)(s − b)(s − c)(s − d) (Bramaguptha′ s Formula)

√(ab + cd)(ac + bd)(ad + bc)
R=
4Aq
where:
a+b+c+d
s=
2
A + C = 180°
B + D = 180°
d1 d2 = ac + bd (Ptolemy ′ s Theorem)

Circle inscribed in a quadrilateral :

Aq = Rs = √abcd
where:
a+b+c+d
s=
2

Plane and Solid Geometry

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PLANE AND SOLID GEOMETRY

Area of a Regular Polygon :

1 180°
A = nb2 cot ( )
4 n
P = nb
where:
n = number of sides

Regular Polygon Inscribed in a Circle :

1 360°
A = nR2 sin ( )
2 n
180°
P = 2nR sin ( )
n

Regular Polygon Circumscribing a Circle :

180°
A = nR2 tan ( )
n
180°
P = 2nR tan ( )
n

Ellipse :

A = πab

a2 + b 2
P = 2π√
2

Parabolic Segment :

2
A = bh
3
c b2 4h + c
P= + ln ( )+b
2 8h b
where:

c = √b 2 + 16h2

Plane and Solid Geometry

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 LEGIT MULTIVECTOR REVIEW AND TRAINING CENTER
PLANE AND SOLID GEOMETRY

SPHERICAL TRIANGLE : SPHERICAL POLYGONS :

Restriction : - is a polygon on the surface of a

sphere whose sides are arcs of great
a + b + c < 360° circles.
180° < A + B + C < 360°
E = A + B + C − 180°

where:
E
= denotes the spherical excess
Consider a trirectangular to derive the area of any
spherical triangle,
area E
1
= πR2 E
2 270° − 180° A=
8 (4πR ) 180°
where:
πR2 E
area = E = sum of angles − (n − 2)180°
180°

Case 1. When three angles are given,

SPHERICAL PYRAMID :
E = A + B + C − 180°
πR3 E
Case 2: When three sides are given, V=
540°
proof:
1 1 1 1 1 1
tan E = √tan s tan (s − a) tan (s − b) tan (s − c) V = AH
4 2 2 2 2 3
1 πR2 E
where: V= [ ] (R)
3 180°
1 πR3 E
s = (a + b + c) V=
2 540°
SPHERICAL LUNE AND WEDGE : SPHERICAL SEGMENT OF ONE BASE :

LUNE :

Alune 4πR2
=
θ 360°
πR2 θ
Alune =
90°

Azone = 2πRH
WEDGE : π
V = H 2 (3R − H)
3
4 3
Vwedge 3 πR
=
θ 360°
πR3 θ
Vwedge =
270°
Also,
1 πR2 θ
Vwedge = ( ) (R)
3 90°
Plane and Solid Geometry
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 LEGIT MULTIVECTOR REVIEW AND TRAINING CENTER
PLANE AND SOLID GEOMETRY

SPHERICAL SEGMENT OF TWO BASES :

AS = 2πRH
π
V = H(3a2 + 3b2 + H 2 )
6

SPHERICAL CONE OR SPHERICAL SECTOR :

1 2
V = Azone R = πR2 H
3 3

Plane and Solid Geometry

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 LEGIT MULTIVECTOR REVIEW AND TRAINING CENTER
PLANE AND SOLID GEOMETRY
REE – Apr. 2013
1. In triangle ABC where AC = 4 and angle ACB = 90 degrees, an altitude t is drawn from C
to the hypotenuse. If t =1, what is the area of the triangle ABC?
A. 1.82 B. 1.78 C. 2.07 D. 2.36
REE – Sept. 2002
2. What is the sum of the interior angles of a 15-sided regular polygon?
A. 2560 B. 2340 C. 2480 D. 2620
REE – Apr. 2002
3. Find the perimeter of a regular pentagon inscribed in a circle with a circumference of
100 cm.
A. 93.55 cm B. 125.68 cm C. 115.63 cm D. 89.56 cm
REE – Sept. 2002
4. Three circles of radius 2, 4, and 6 are externally tangent to each other, find the radius of
the circle that passes through the centers of the three circles.
A. 3 B. 4 C. 5 D. 6
REE – Sept. 2003
5. An equilateral triangle circumscribing a circle of radius 10 cm. Find the length of each side
of the triangle.
A. 34.64 cm B. 32.09 cm C. 37.05 cm D. 36.07 cm
REE – Sept. 2017
6. A pendulum 1 m long oscillates through an angle of 10°. Find the distance through which
end of the pendulum swings in going from one extreme position to the other.
A. π m B. 2π m C. π/8 m D. π/18 m
REE – Sept. 2017 / Apr. 2019
7. Find the angle in mils subtended by a line 10 yards long at a distance of 5000 yards.
A. 2.5 mils B. 1 mil C. 4 mils D. 2.04 mils
8. A road is tangent to a circular lake. Along the road and 12 km from the point of tangency,
another road opens towards the lake. From the point of intersection of the two roads to
the periphery of the lake, the length of the new road is 11 km. If the new road will be
prolonged across the lake, find the length of the bridge to be constructed.
A. 2.54 km B. 2.87 km C. 2.09 km D. 2.32 km
REE – Sept. 2014 / Apr. 2017
9. In terms of the original diameter d, what new diameter will result in a new spherical volume
that is a factor of eight times the original volume?
3
A. 8d B. 2d C. d/2 D. d x √2
REE – Apr. 2016 / Sept. 2018
10. A two-storey house is 20 feet high. The sides of the house are 28 feet long, the front and
back are each 16 feet long. A gallon of paint will cover 440 square feet. How many gallons
are needed to paint the whole house?
A. 3 B. 4 C. 5 D. 6
11. In a portion of electrical railway cutting the areas of cross-section taken every 50 m are
2556, 2619, 2700, 2610, and 2484 sq. m. Find the volume in cu. meter.
A. 261,300 B. 542,900 C. 522,600 D. 129,690
12. What is the area in sq. m. of a spherical triangle whose angles are 60 deg, 80 deg, and
100 deg, on a sphere whose volume is 32pi/3 cu. m.
A. 4pi/3 B. pi/3 C. pi/2 D. 2pi/3
Plane and Solid Geometry
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