Scribd
Upload
35 views7 pages

Therrmo Assign Solns

(1) Steam power plants convert the chemical energy in fuel into mechanical and electrical energy. The overall efficiency of the plant depends on the mass flow rate of fuel and the lower heating value of the fuel. (2) Heat transfer can occur via conduction, convection, or radiation. Conduction involves the transfer of heat across a solid wall. Convection involves the transfer of heat between a solid surface and a fluid. Radiation involves the transfer of heat via electromagnetic waves. (3) A Carnot cycle involves an ideal heat engine that operates between two heat reservoirs at different temperatures. The maximum possible efficiency of any heat engine referred to as the Carnot efficiency depends on the temperatures

Uploaded by

Mr-Mk Mughal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
35 views7 pages

Therrmo Assign Solns

(1) Steam power plants convert the chemical energy in fuel into mechanical and electrical energy. The overall efficiency of the plant depends on the mass flow rate of fuel and the lower heating value of the fuel. (2) Heat transfer can occur via conduction, convection, or radiation. Conduction involves the transfer of heat across a solid wall. Convection involves the transfer of heat between a solid surface and a fluid. Radiation involves the transfer of heat via electromagnetic waves. (3) A Carnot cycle involves an ideal heat engine that operates between two heat reservoirs at different temperatures. The maximum possible efficiency of any heat engine referred to as the Carnot efficiency depends on the temperatures

Uploaded by

Mr-Mk Mughal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 7

I (1):

Working of steam power plant:

Overall efficiency of plant (Mechanical):

P0 m
n om= ( )
mf Qf
× 100

Where

Pom=Mechanical power output

m f =Mass flow rate of fuel

Qf =lower heating value of fuel

Electrical efficiency:

Poe
n oe= ×100
mf Qf
(I) 2 ( v f −s f ) ( v g−hg )

(a) Change∈volume=m( v g−v f )

Using saturated water table

v g=1.6929 m3

v f =0.001043m 3

500
Change∈volume= ( 1.6929−0.001043 ) m3
1000

Change∈volume=0.845928 m3

(b) Amount of energy added=m(h g−hf )

500
¿ (2675.46−417.44 )
1000

¿ 1129.01 kj

(IV)
(i) Work done in Isobaric process:
2
W =−∫ PdV =−P(V 2−V 1)
1
(ii) Isothermal process:
vf
dV
W =−nRT ∫ =¿−nRT ln(V f /V i )¿
vi
V

(iii) Work done in adiabatic process:

v2
P1 V r1
W =−∫ dV
v1 Vr

(V)

Heat Transfer by conduction:

ΔT
Q̇ cond =−KA
Δx

Where

k= thermal conductivity

A= The temperature difference across the wall

Δx= Wall thickness

Heat transfer by Convection:

Qconv =h A s (T s−T ∞ )

Where

h= convection heat transfer coefficient

A s=Surface area

T s=surface temperature

T ∞= temperature of the fluid sufficiently far from the surface


Heat transfer by Radiation:

Q̇rad =hcombined A s (T 4s −T 4∞ )

Where

h comnined= combined heat transfer coefficient

A s= Surface Area

T s= surface temperature

T surr = temperature of the fluid sufficiently far from the surface

(II)

The drawn T-V diagram is not correct for H 2 O at different pressure


The correct T-V diagram is shown below

Sensible heat of water:


It is defined as the quantity of heat absorbed by 1 kg of water when it is heated from 0°C
(freezing point) to boiling point .It is also called total heat of water or liquid heat invariably.

Latent Heat of steam:


Latent heat is the amount of heat added to or removed from a substance to produce a change in
phase. During vaporization, this energy breaks down the intermolecular attractive forces, and
also must provide the energy necessary to expand the gas.

Dryness fraction of steam:


The steam dryness fraction is used to quantify the amount of water within steam.

Enthalpy of wet steam:


The actual enthalpy of evaporated wet steam is the product of the dryness fraction and the
specific enthalpy from the steam tables. Wet steam has less usable heat energy than dry saturated
steam.

(III)

m=10 kg

T =15 0o C

Steam is not an ideal gas so we can use

PV =mRT

(a) Pure liquid state:

From steam table A-4

v f =v

At T =15 0o C

m3
v f =v=0.001091
kg

V
v=
m

V =vm

V =10 × 0.001091

V =0.01091m 3

(b) When pure vapor state:

v=v g=0.39248 m 3 /kg

V =10 × 0.39248 m3

V =3.9248m3

(c) 40% dryness content

x=0.4
v=X . v g + (1−k ) . v f

v=( 0.40 ) ( 0.39248 ) + ( 1−0.4 )

m3
v=0.15765
kg

(d) Amount of energy for transforming water to pure state:

T =2 5o C

E=ΔH =m c p ΔT

E=( 10 )( 4.2 )( 150−25 )

E=5250 kJ

(VI)

Kelvin Blank Statement:

“There is no heat engine which can convert certain amount of heat into an equivalent amount of
work. It is because heat is supplied to the engine at high temperature and rejected by the engine
to a low temperature.”

(VII)

Carnot Cycle PV diagram:

Efficiency of Carnot cycle:

T h −T c
× 100 %
Th

You might also like