Basic Modeling 1, Steel

Tekla Structures 13.0 Basic Training

May 4, 2007

Copyright © 2007 Tekla Corporation

Contents

Contents 3

1 Basic Modeling 1 5
1.1 Start Tekla Structures 6
1.2 Create a New Model – BasicModel1 6
1.3 Create Grids 10
1.4 Create Plane Views along Gridlines 12
1.5 Create Foundations 16
1.6 Create Columns 21
1.7 Create Beams 26
1.8 Create Slabs 41

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 1 Basic Modeling 1, steel

In this lesson We will go through the basic functions of Tekla Structures: How to create a new structural
3D model, and how to create grids (i.e. module lines), grid views and structural members in
the model. As a result of this lesson the model will look as shown below.

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 1.1 Start Tekla Structures
Start Tekla To start Tekla Structures, click the Windows Start button. Navigate through Programs >
Structures Tekla Structures > Tekla Structures enu Europe. This will start Tekla Structures in
European environment using English language.

The modeling user interface is now opened. At first, most of the menu options and all the
icons are gray indicating that they are inactive. When you open an existing model or create a
new model, the icons and available menu options become active.

NOTE: If you disable the Learn Tekla Structures 13.0 -dialog and tick the "Do
not show this is startup"- box, you can enable the dialog again. Next time you
start Tekla Structures hold the Shift key down while starting. The dialog will
appear again.

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 1.2 Create a New Model – BasicModel1
To start a new model, you first need to create an empty model database with a unique name.
In this lesson we use the name BasicModel1.
Start a new model You can either start a new model from the "Learn Tekla Structures" –dialog box or as
follows:
1. Select File > New… from the pull-down menu or click the New model icon in the
Standard toolbar to open the New model dialog box.

2. At the center of the dialog box, Tekla Structures suggests the name "New Model" for the
model. The full path of the model folder is shown in the first field.

3. Replace the name "New Model" with a new name e.g. BasicModel1 or create a unique
name.
4. Click the OK button (or press Enter) to create the new model.
The menus and icons become activated and the model name appears in the title bar of the
Tekla Structures window.

Every model must have a unique name. Tekla Structures does not allow
duplicate model names. Do not use special marks ( / \ ; : | ) in model names.

You can only have one model open at a time. If you already have a model
open, Tekla Structures prompts you to save that model.

Tekla Structures automatically created a grid and a view according to the saved standard
view properties. The default 3D view and grid are shown in following figure.

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 Cyan dash-and-dot lines show the projections of the grids which are visible on the view
plane. Tekla Structures indicates the work area of a view using green, dashed lines. For more
information, see: Help: Modeling > Getting started > Basics.
Save the model To save the model:
5. Select File > Save from the pull-down menu or click the Save icon in the Standard
toolbar.

Remember to save your model every now and then, and always when opening
another model or exiting Tekla Structures.

Tekla Structures includes also an auto save feature that backs up and saves your work
automatically at set intervals. These are set in the General tab on the Options dialog box. To
access the Options dialog box, click Tools > Options...
For more information on saving and auto saving, see:
Help: Modeling > Getting started > Basics > Saving a model and exiting Tekla
Structures
Most commands of Tekla Structures are found both in menus (main or pop-up) and in
toolbars (icons). In this training manual we will mainly use the pop-up menu to activate
commands.

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 There are several ways to execute commands in Tekla Structures:
• Icons
• Commands in main pull-down menu
• Commands in pop-up menu
By default all the commands are found in a pull-down menu, and most of them
in the icons. A pop-up menu appears when you click the right mouse button
(right-click). If you have selected an object, the commands on the pop-up menu
relate to that object.

In addition to the conventional tooltips in the Tekla Structures previous versions, in TS 13

Enhanced
tooltips
there is now a new type of a tooltip available called the enhanced tooltip. The enhanced
tooltips give more information about the task, and give examples, hints and tips.In Tekla
Structures.

Enhanced tooltips can be turned off from Help > Enhanced tooltips. Also the
conventional tooltips can be disabled. Open Tools > Customize and remove
the checkmark from the tooltip box.

For more information on Tekla Structures screen layout and toolbars, see:
Help: Modeling > Introduction > Screen layout
Help: Modeling > Introduction > Toolbars

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 1.3 Create Grids

To create the appropriate grid for BasicModel1 as shown above, you can delete the existing
grid and create a new one from the Points > Grid… pull-down menu. Alternatively you can
modify the existing grid.
Modify the To modify the existing grid:
existing grid
1. Double-click on a gridline.
2. Complete the appearing Grid dialog box as shown below by filling in the X, Y and Z
coordinates and the labels for the gridlines.

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 3. Click Modify to apply the new grid values. Answer Yes to confirm.

4. Enter the grid file name, GRID1, and click the Save as button to save the grid values for
later use. The settings are saved in the file GRID1.grd, which is stored in the attributes
subfolder of your model folder.
For more information on grids and dialog box buttons, see:
Help: Modeling > Introduction > Inputting information > Common buttons

The number of decimals used in the Grid dialog box (as well as in other
modeling dialog boxes) can be controlled from the Units and decimals...
dialog box obtained from the Setup pull-down menu.

When the grid was modified, the work area of the view, shown with the green dashed line,
was not updated.
Fit work area To fit the work area according to the modified grid:
1. Click the view to activate it. When the view is activated it has an red outline.
2. Right-click and select Fit work area from the pop-up menu.

The view should now look as shown below:

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 1.4 Create Plane Views along Gridlines
We will now create Elevation and Plan views along the gridlines created in the previous
section.
A view is a representation of a model from a specific location. Each view is displayed in its
own window inside the Tekla Structures window. Each view has a view plane on which the
grids are visible and points are represented as yellow crosses. Points outside the view plane
appear as red dots.
For more information, see: Help: Modeling > Getting started > Views.
Create grid views To create views along gridlines,
1. Select one gridline.
2. Right-click and select Create view > Grid views from the pop-up menu to open the
Creation of views along grid lines dialog box.

3. Change the View properties as shown above and click the Show… button of the XY
view plane to open the View properties dialog box.
4. Change the View depth values as shown below and click OK to close the dialog box.

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 Every view has depth, which is the thickness of the displayed slice of the
model. You can define the depth separately upwards and downwards from the
view plane. The objects within the displayed depth and the work area are
visible in the model. However, objects created after the view are visible also
outside the view depth.

5. Select the number of views as All and click Create in the Creation of views along grid
lines dialog box.
The Views dialog box appears presenting all the created views. All invisible named views
are listed on the left, and all visible views on the right.

For more information on view properties, see:

Help: Modeling > Getting started > Views > View properties
Display or hide To display or hide views:
views
1. Click the Open named view list icon to open the Views dialog box (which is now
already open).

2. Select the view(s) you want to display or hide.

3. Use the arrows to move view(s) from left to right (visible) or vice versa (invisible).

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 Do not keep too many views open at the same time. Nine is the maximum
number of open views. You can open or close named views by clicking the
Open named view list icon. Delete unnecessary views from the view list.
To switch between views, press Ctrl+Tab.

Rotate the model You can rotate the model in a 3D view with rendered view type.
1. Press the key v.
2. In the view, pick a center of rotation.
3. Hold down the Ctrl key, and click and drag with the middle mouse button.
Change between With the shortcut Ctrl+P you can change the view angle between 3D and Plane, which is
3D / Plane very useful.
1. Open a view (e.g. Grid 7)

2. Click Ctrl+P to change from Plane view to 3D view.

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3. Change back to Plane view with Ctrl+P.

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 1.5 Create Foundations
We will now create foundations for the BasicModel1.

Column footing
1800*1800 footing To create footings for columns:
1. Double-click on the Create pad footing icon. This will open Pad footing properties
dialog box.

2. Complete the Pad footing properties dialog box as shown below and click Apply.

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 3. In the 3d view, pick the grid intersection A-1 to create the footing.
4. Create the rest of the 1800*1800 footings at other intersections of gridline A by picking
each position.
Help: Modeling > Parts > Part location > Position on work plane
Help: Modeling > Parts > Part location > Position depth
Help: Modeling > Parts > Part properties > Profile

You can undo (and redo) previous commands one by one since the last save by
clicking the icons or typing Ctrl + Z (Undo) and Ctrl + Y (Redo).

2700*2700 footing While still in the command,

5. Complete the Pad footing properties dialog box for a 2700*2700 footing as shown
below and Apply this.
The footings on gridline B need offsetting from the gridline because there will be
additional columns modeled afterwards. Adjust the Vertical Position value in the Pad
footing properties dialog box.

6. Create a footing at the grid intersection B-1.

7. Right-click and select Interrupt to end the command (or press Esc).
8. Next, let's copy the footing. Select the footing.
9. Right-click and select Copy.
10. Pick the grid intersection B-1 as the origin of the copy.
11. Pick the grid intersection B-2 as the destination. The second footing is created.
12. Continue picking the other grid intersections on gridline B one by one to create the rest
of the footings.

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 13. Right-click and select Interrupt to end the command.

The commands will stay active until you interrupt them.

To end commands, right-click and select Interrupt from the pop-up menu, or
press the Esc key.
To restart the last command used, press Enter.

Foundations for silos – parametric profiles

We will create two identical circular foundations for the silos. At first, one foundation will be
created at the coordinate 4500,4500,0 and then the other foundation will be created as a copy
of the first one.
Tekla Structures contains standard (library), parametric, and user-defined profiles. For the
foundation, we will use parametric profiles.
Help: Modeling > Parts > Part properties > Profile
Help: Modeling > Settings and tools > Appendix A: Parametric Profiles

Create footing 1. Double-click on the Create pad footing icon.

2. Complete the Pad footing properties dialog box as shown.

3. Remember to remove the vertical offset previously used. Click Apply.

You can select the profile for a part from the Select profile dialog box that
opens next to the Profile field in the part properties dialog box.
You can as well enter a profile name in the Profile field in the part properties
dialog box.

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4. Type 4500,4500 to define the position for the footing (typing the numbers automatically
displays the Enter a numeric location dialog box).

5. Press Enter (or click OK) and the foundation is created.

Instead of entering the numeric location, you could also create the round
footing in grid intersection A-1 and move it 4500 mm in x- and y- directions.

Help: Modeling > Settings and tools > Tools > Snapping

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Copy the footing 1. Click the footing once to select it.
2. Right-click and select Copy special > Translate from the pop-up menu..
3. Complete the dialog box as shown below and click Apply.

Another quick way to copy is to use the copy command:

1. 1.Click the footing once to select it.
2. 2.Right-click and select Copy from the pop-up menu.
3. Pick the origin for copying (e.g. middle position)
4. Type 9000,0,0 to define the position for the footing

Now the footings should look as shown on the next picture:

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 1.6 Create Columns
We will first create two of the columns and then use the Copy command to create the other
columns.
Create steel To create the first two columns.
columns

Create steel columns

1. Double-click on the Create column icon.

2. Complete the Column properties dialog box as shown below.

You can always either type the profile in the Profile field or click on Select…
and browse to the correct profile in the profile catalog.

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 3. Complete the dialog's Position tab as shown below, and then click Apply.

4. Pick the intersection of gridlines A-1 to create one column, and then pick grid B-1 to
create the second column.

Copy columns 1. Select the columns that you just created by dragging a window across them.
2. Right-click and select Copy special> Translate… from the pop-up menu. Complete the
dialog box as shown below and click Copy.

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 Now all the columns appear in the model.

When you want to model identical structures, you can alternatively create one
footing (and its reinforcement), the steel column on top of it and the base plate
connection between the footing and the column, and copy this structural entity
to all other positions of similar structures.
You can select multiple parts in the model by holding down the Ctrl key when
selecting objects in the model.

Help: Modeling > Introduction > Selecting model objects > How to select objects

Silos
We will now model the steel silos by using solid parametric profiles. A more precise
alternative would be to create the silo as a circular hollow section with a contour plate
welded on top of it.
Create silos 1. To create the silos, double-click on the Create column icon.

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2. Complete the Column properties dialog box as shown below, and then click Apply.

3. Pick the top point of the first silo footing and then the other.

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Now the silos appear in the model.

The visibility of objects in views depends on the work area, view depth, view
setup, and view filter. You can also temporarily hide parts in a view by using
the Hide tool (on the pop-up menu).
In the pictures hereafter all the model objects created may not always be
visible.
Help: Modeling > Getting started > Views > Displaying and hiding objects
in views

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 1.7 Create Beams

Level 3850 beams

We will first create the beams at the +3850 level and then copy them (using the select filter)
to the two upper levels. Again, you can create the beams either in steel or in concrete.
Create steel 1. Open the PLAN +3850 view.
beams

Create steel beams

2. Double-click on the Create beam icon.

3. Let's select the IPE600 profile from Product catalog: click Select… to open the profile
catalog.

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4. Select the right profile and click OK.
5. Complete the Beam properties dialog box as shown and Apply.

4. Complete the Position tab as shown and Apply.

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5. In the PLAN +3850 view pick the intersection of gridlines A-4 and then B-4.

6. Continue at gridlines 5, 6, and 7.

When inputting horizontal members always pick from left to right or from
bottom to top for consistency purposes.

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Copy beams to upper levels
Filter beams 1. Choose the select filter option beams from the drop down list.
Help: Modeling > Settings and tools > Filter > Select filter

2. By dragging the mouse, select an area in the model as shown below.

Copy beams 1. Open the Grid 7 view, right-click and select Copy from the pop-up menu.

2. Pick the gridline intersection B-3850 and then B-7350.

3. Answer Cancel to avoid expanding the view depth.

Do not expand the view although the objects are placed outside the view depth.
Expanding the view will change the previously defined settings and usually we
do not want to change them.

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4. Copy beams to level +13400 by repeating steps 1-2.

5. Change the select filter option back to standard to enable also the selection of other
objects than beams.

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Level 13400 beams
Next we will create beams at the view +13400 level.
Create grid beams By using the same beam properties that we applied earlier, create the missing beams at the
gridline intersections shown in the figure below.

Create the rest of Next we will create beams in locations where no gridlines intersect. The snapping tools help
the beams you pick points to position objects precisely without having to know the coordinates or
layout additional lines or points.
Help: Modeling > Settings and tools > Tools > Snapping

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 Create beam A 1. Double-click one of the existing beams in the model and click Apply.
2. Start the beam command.
3. Make sure only the Snap to reference lines / points icon of the two main snap switches
on the right is pressed down.

4. Make sure the Snap to mid points and Snap to end points icons are pressed down.

Pick a midpoint of the beam between A-2 and A-3 and then the midpoint of the beam
between B-2 and B-3.

Create beam B We will pick the start position of beam B by using the gridline intersection A-1 as a
temporary reference point and tracking along gridline 1 in the direction of intersection B-1
for 9000 mm.
We will then pick the second position of beam B using the temporary snap switch
Perpendicular.

Pick the first 1. Start the beam command.

position of beam
B 2. Hold down the Ctrl key and pick gridline intersection A-1 as the origin to show the
“From” location coordinates.
3. Then use the cursor to snap (do not pick!!) in the correct direction (e.g. to gridline
intersection B-1).

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 4. Type 9000 for the numeric location. (The Enter a numeric location dialog box will
open automatically.)

5. Click OK or press Enter and the cursor snaps to the correct position. (=9000 mm from
A-1 in the direction of B-1).
Pick second 6. Right-click and select Perpendicular.
position of beam
B

7. Pick the second position on beam A (see below).

Create beam C While still in the beam command,

8. Right-click and select Intersection for snap override.

9. Pick the intersection of beam B and gridline 2 and then the intersection of gridlines B-2.

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Create beam D We will first create one of the beams that frame around the silo and then by using the Copy >
Rotate command create the other three.
Help: Modeling > Settings and tools > Settings and tools reference > Edit>Copy
>Rotate…
1. Hold down the Ctrl key and pick gridline intersection A-1 to show the “From” location
coordinates, use the cursor to snap (do not pick!!) in the correct direction. (E.g. grid
intersection B-1).
2. Type 4000 for the numeric location and press Enter, the cursor snaps to the correct
position.

3. Type the letter o on the keyboard to snap to positions in orthogonal directions on the
work plane (0, 45, 90, 135, and 180 degrees).
4. Let the cursor snap to the midpoint as shown below and pick.
5. Type the letter o to turn the ortho off.

Copy rotate the 1. Select the beam that you just created.
beam
2. Right-click and select Copy special > Rotate… from the pop-up menu.
3. Pick the center point of the silo as the point to define the rotation (select a view in which
the silos are visible and pick near the circumference to snap to the center point). The
origin X0 and Y0 values will appear in the dialog box.

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 4. Complete the other fields in the dialog.
5. Click Copy.

Copy translate the We will now copy the beams to the other silo.
beam to the other
silo 1. Select the beams shown highlighted in the picture below (press the Ctrl key to add parts
to the selection).
2. Copy special > translate… them 9000 mm in the x direction.

Bracing
Working in the Grid A elevation view, we will input the vertical steel bracing members using
the Create beam tool.

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Create braces a 1. Double-click on the Create beam icon.
and b
2. Click Select… and select the right profile from the profile catalog, click OK.

3. Complete the Beam properties dialog box as shown below and Apply.

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 4. In the 3d view create brace a by first picking the gridline intersection A-2 and then the
midpoint of column A-3.

5. Create brace b by picking the top position of column A-2 and then midpoint of column
A-3.

When inputting members like braces, always pick from the same side e.g. left
first for drawing appearance purposes.

Use handle to We can see from the drawing above that the lower end of the brace needs some offsetting
move brace end from the grid level. Now we will use handles to move the part end.
Help: Modeling > Parts > Part location

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 1. Select brace a to display the handles.

2. Zoom closer and select the yellow handle (Tekla Structures then highlights the handle).

3. Right-click and select Move special > Translate… to move the handle 200 mm
upwards.
4. Click Move.
5. Repeat the procedure to move brace b’s top handle 1000 mm downwards.

Copy mirror 1. Select braces a and b.

braces a and b
2. Right-click and select Copy special > Mirror…

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3. In the 3d view, pick grid A-3 then grid B-3 to define the mirror line.
4. Click Copy.

Copy special > Mirror …creates a mirrored copy of selected object(s) through
a plane you specify. The mirror line must always be defined in the workplane.

Help: Modeling > Settings and tools > Settings and tools reference > Edit>Copy
>Mirror…
Now we have modeled all the steel and concrete members in Model1. The model should look
like in the picture below.

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 1.8 Create Slabs

Concrete hollow-core slabs

We will now create concrete hollow-core slabs. Instead of positioning the slabs to the
gridline intersection we will model the slabs to the face of the steel columns.
Create hollow- In the PLAN +13400 view:
core slabs
1. Double-click on the Create concrete beam icon.

2. Click the Profile… button. Select the right profile from the profile catalog (in this case
P18(175x1200)).

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3. Complete the Concrete beam properties dialog box as shown and Apply.

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 4. Pick the intersection of the column flange outer face and gridline 4 and then the
intersection of the column flange outer face and gridline 5 (make sure that Snap to
geometry lines/points is active).

Copy the slabs in 1. Select the slab that you just created.
y direction
2. Right-click and select Copy special > Translate… from the pop-up menu.
3. Type 1200 in the dY field of the Copy – translate dialog box and 10 as the number of
copies.

4. Click Copy.

Copy the slabs in 1. Drag an area select, selecting all the concrete slabs.
x direction
2. Right-click and select Copy special > Translate… from the pop-up menu.
3. Type 6000 in the dX field of the Copy - translate dialog box.

4. Click Copy.

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Copy hollow-core slabs to levels 7350 and 3850
Copy the slabs 1. Hold down the Ctrl key and select all the hollow-core slabs by dragging 3 areas through
the slabs.

2. Still holding down the Ctrl key, pick the two slabs shown in the picture below to
unselect them.

3. Change view to Grid 7.

4. Right-click and select Copy from the pop-up menu.
5. Pick the origin point of the copy on level +13400.
6. Pick the destination point on level +7350.

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7. When the Objects outside the view depth window appears, do not expand the view depth
– click Cancel.

8. Pick the second destination point on level +3850.

9. Again, do not expand the view depth – click Cancel.

10. Interrupt the command.

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Concrete slab

Start the slab 1. Double-click on the Create concrete slab icon.

command
2. Complete the Concrete slab properties dialog box as shown and Apply.

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Pick positions for 3. In the PLAN +13400 view pick point A (intersection of column flange outer face and
the slab gridline 1, shown in the drawing above).

4. Let the cursor snap to the position just picked (do not pick!) and press y to lock the y
coordinate.

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5. Let the cursor now snap to the end point of the beam near point B and pick.

6. Press y to release the coordinate lock.

7. Pick point C.

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 8. Pick point D.

9. Click the middle mouse button to create the slab.

Copy concrete 1. Select the slab that you just created.

slab
2. Copy the slab 9000 mm in x direction.

Links to additional information

Help: Modeling > Introduction > General information > Single user mode vs multiuser
mode
Help: Modeling > Introduction > General information > Languages and environments

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